[PATCH v2 1/3] mm, printk: introduce new format string for flags

Vlastimil Babka
2015-12-04T15:17:41Z

In mm we use several kinds of flags bitfields that are sometimes printed for
debugging purposes, or exported to userspace via sysfs. To make them easier to
interpret independently on kernel version and config, we want to dump also the
symbolic flag names. So far this has been done with repeated calls to
pr_cont(), which is unreliable on SMP, and not usable for e.g. sysfs export.

To get a more reliable and universal solution, this patch extends printk()
format string for pointers to handle the page flags (%pgp), gfp_flags (%pgg)
and vma flags (%pgv). Existing users of dump_flag_names() are converted and
simplified.

It would be possible to pass flags by value instead of pointer, but the %p
format string for pointers already has extensions for various kernel
structures, so it's a good fit, and the extra indirection in a non-critical
path is negligible.

[linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk: lots of good implementation suggestions]
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
---
Should hopefully apply to mmots (release mmotm doesn't have the 3 -fix patches yet?)

Documentation/printk-formats.txt | 14 ++++
include/linux/mmdebug.h | 7 +-
include/linux/trace_events.h | 10 ---
include/linux/tracepoint.h | 10 +++
lib/vsprintf.c | 75 ++++++++++++++++++++++
mm/debug.c | 135 ++++++++++++++-------------------------
mm/oom_kill.c | 5 +-
mm/page_alloc.c | 5 +-
mm/page_owner.c | 6 +-
9 files changed, 160 insertions(+), 107 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/printk-formats.txt b/Documentation/printk-formats.txt
index b784c270105f..8b6ab00fcfc9 100644
--- a/Documentation/printk-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/printk-formats.txt
@@ -292,6 +292,20 @@ Raw pointer value SHOULD be printed with %p. The kernel supports

Passed by reference.

+Flags bitfields such as page flags, gfp_flags:
+
+ %pgp referenced|uptodate|lru|active|private
+ %pgg GFP_USER|GFP_DMA32|GFP_NOWARN
+ %pgv read|exec|mayread|maywrite|mayexec|denywrite
+
+ For printing flags bitfields as a collection of symbolic constants that
+ would construct the value. The type of flags is given by the third
+ character. Currently supported are [p]age flags, [g]fp_flags and
+ [v]ma_flags. The flag names and print order depends on the particular
+ type.
+
+ Passed by reference.
+
Network device features:

%pNF 0x000000000000c000
diff --git a/include/linux/mmdebug.h b/include/linux/mmdebug.h
index 3b77fab7ad28..2c8286cf162e 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmdebug.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmdebug.h
@@ -2,15 +2,20 @@
#define LINUX_MM_DEBUG_H 1

#include <linux/stringify.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>

struct page;
struct vm_area_struct;
struct mm_struct;

+extern const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[];
+extern const struct trace_print_flags vmaflag_names[];
+extern const struct trace_print_flags gfpflag_names[];
+
extern void dump_page(struct page *page, const char *reason);
extern void dump_page_badflags(struct page *page, const char *reason,
unsigned long badflags);
-extern void dump_gfpflag_names(unsigned long gfp_flags);
void dump_vma(const struct vm_area_struct *vma);
void dump_mm(const struct mm_struct *mm);

diff --git a/include/linux/trace_events.h b/include/linux/trace_events.h
index 429fdfc3baf5..d91404f89ff2 100644
--- a/include/linux/trace_events.h
+++ b/include/linux/trace_events.h
@@ -15,16 +15,6 @@ struct tracer;
struct dentry;
struct bpf_prog;

-struct trace_print_flags {
- unsigned long mask;
- const char *name;
-};
-
-struct trace_print_flags_u64 {
- unsigned long long mask;
- const char *name;
-};
-
const char *trace_print_flags_seq(struct trace_seq *p, const char *delim,
unsigned long flags,
const struct trace_print_flags *flag_array);
diff --git a/include/linux/tracepoint.h b/include/linux/tracepoint.h
index 7834a8a8bf1e..a5d0ab46724d 100644
--- a/include/linux/tracepoint.h
+++ b/include/linux/tracepoint.h
@@ -43,6 +43,16 @@ struct trace_enum_map {
unsigned long enum_value;
};

+struct trace_print_flags {
+ unsigned long mask;
+ const char *name;
+};
+
+struct trace_print_flags_u64 {
+ unsigned long long mask;
+ const char *name;
+};
+
#define TRACEPOINT_DEFAULT_PRIO 10

extern int
diff --git a/lib/vsprintf.c b/lib/vsprintf.c
index f9cee8e1233c..9a0697b14ea3 100644
--- a/lib/vsprintf.c
+++ b/lib/vsprintf.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
#include <linux/dcache.h>
#include <linux/cred.h>
#include <net/addrconf.h>
+#include <linux/mmdebug.h>

#include <asm/page.h> /* for PAGE_SIZE */
#include <asm/sections.h> /* for dereference_function_descriptor() */
@@ -1361,6 +1362,73 @@ char *clock(char *buf, char *end, struct clk *clk, struct printf_spec spec,
}
}

+static
+char *format_flags(char *buf, char *end, unsigned long flags,
+ const struct trace_print_flags *names)
+{
+ unsigned long mask;
+ const struct printf_spec strspec = {
+ .field_width = -1,
+ .precision = -1,
+ };
+ const struct printf_spec numspec = {
+ .flags = SPECIAL|SMALL,
+ .field_width = -1,
+ .precision = -1,
+ .base = 16,
+ };
+
+ for ( ; flags && (names->mask || names->name); names++) {
+ mask = names->mask;
+ if ((flags & mask) != mask)
+ continue;
+
+ buf = string(buf, end, names->name, strspec);
+
+ flags &= ~mask;
+ if (flags) {
+ if (buf < end)
+ *buf = '|';
+ buf++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (flags)
+ buf = number(buf, end, flags, numspec);
+
+ return buf;
+}
+
+static noinline_for_stack
+char *flags_string(char *buf, char *end, void *flags_ptr,
+ struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ const struct trace_print_flags *names;
+
+ switch (fmt[1]) {
+ case 'p':
+ flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
+ /* Remove zone id */
+ flags &= (1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1;
+ names = pageflag_names;
+ break;
+ case 'v':
+ flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
+ names = vmaflag_names;
+ break;
+ case 'g':
+ flags = *(gfp_t *)flags_ptr;
+ names = gfpflag_names;
+ break;
+ default:
+ WARN_ONCE(1, "Unsupported flags modifier: %c\n", fmt[1]);
+ return buf;
+ }
+
+ return format_flags(buf, end, flags, names);
+}
+
int kptr_restrict __read_mostly;

/*
@@ -1448,6 +1516,11 @@ int kptr_restrict __read_mostly;
* - 'Cn' For a clock, it prints the name (Common Clock Framework) or address
* (legacy clock framework) of the clock
* - 'Cr' For a clock, it prints the current rate of the clock
+ * - 'g' For flags to be printed as a collection of symbolic strings that would
+ * construct the specific value. Supported flags given by option:
+ * p page flags (see struct page) given as pointer to unsigned long
+ * g gfp flags (GFP_* and __GFP_*) given as pointer to gfp_t
+ * v vma flags (VM_*) given as pointer to unsigned long
*
* ** Please update also Documentation/printk-formats.txt when making changes **
*
@@ -1600,6 +1673,8 @@ char *pointer(const char *fmt, char *buf, char *end, void *ptr,
return dentry_name(buf, end,
((const struct file *)ptr)->f_path.dentry,
spec, fmt);
+ case 'g':
+ return flags_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
}
spec.flags |= SMALL;
if (spec.field_width == -1) {
diff --git a/mm/debug.c b/mm/debug.c
index 9416524839d8..c42bb4c13c2d 100644
--- a/mm/debug.c
+++ b/mm/debug.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ char *migrate_reason_names[MR_TYPES] = {
"cma",
};

-static const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[] = {
+const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[] = {
{1UL << PG_locked, "locked" },
{1UL << PG_error, "error" },
{1UL << PG_referenced, "referenced" },
@@ -57,86 +57,10 @@ static const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[] = {
{1UL << PG_young, "young" },
{1UL << PG_idle, "idle" },
#endif
+ {0, NULL },
};

-static const struct trace_print_flags gfpflag_names[] = {
- __def_gfpflag_names
-};
-
-static void dump_flag_names(unsigned long flags,
- const struct trace_print_flags *names, int count)
-{
- const char *delim = "";
- unsigned long mask;
- int i;
-
- pr_cont("(");
-
- for (i = 0; i < count && flags; i++) {
-
- mask = names[i].mask;
- if ((flags & mask) != mask)
- continue;
-
- flags &= ~mask;
- pr_cont("%s%s", delim, names[i].name);
- delim = "|";
- }
-
- /* check for left over flags */
- if (flags)
- pr_cont("%s%#lx", delim, flags);
-
- pr_cont(")\n");
-}
-
-void dump_gfpflag_names(unsigned long gfp_flags)
-{
- dump_flag_names(gfp_flags, gfpflag_names, ARRAY_SIZE(gfpflag_names));
-}
-
-void dump_page_badflags(struct page *page, const char *reason,
- unsigned long badflags)
-{
- unsigned long printflags = page->flags;
-
- pr_emerg("page:%p count:%d mapcount:%d mapping:%p index:%#lx",
- page, atomic_read(&page->_count), page_mapcount(page),
- page->mapping, page->index);
- if (PageCompound(page))
- pr_cont(" compound_mapcount: %d", compound_mapcount(page));
- pr_cont("\n");
- BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names) != __NR_PAGEFLAGS);
-
- pr_emerg("flags: %#lx", printflags);
- /* remove zone id */
- printflags &= (1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1;
- dump_flag_names(printflags, pageflag_names, ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names));
-
- if (reason)
- pr_alert("page dumped because: %s\n", reason);
- if (page->flags & badflags) {
- printflags = page->flags & badflags;
- pr_alert("bad because of flags: %#lx:", printflags);
- dump_flag_names(printflags, pageflag_names,
- ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names));
- }
-#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
- if (page->mem_cgroup)
- pr_alert("page->mem_cgroup:%p\n", page->mem_cgroup);
-#endif
-}
-
-void dump_page(struct page *page, const char *reason)
-{
- dump_page_badflags(page, reason, 0);
- dump_page_owner(page);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL(dump_page);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
-
-static const struct trace_print_flags vmaflags_names[] = {
+const struct trace_print_flags vmaflag_names[] = {
{VM_READ, "read" },
{VM_WRITE, "write" },
{VM_EXEC, "exec" },
@@ -177,22 +101,61 @@ static const struct trace_print_flags vmaflags_names[] = {
{VM_HUGEPAGE, "hugepage" },
{VM_NOHUGEPAGE, "nohugepage" },
{VM_MERGEABLE, "mergeable" },
+ {0, NULL },
+};
+
+const struct trace_print_flags gfpflag_names[] = {
+ __def_gfpflag_names,
+ {0, NULL},
};

+void dump_page_badflags(struct page *page, const char *reason,
+ unsigned long badflags)
+{
+ unsigned long printflags = page->flags;
+
+ pr_emerg("page:%p count:%d mapcount:%d mapping:%p index:%#lx\n",
+ page, atomic_read(&page->_count), page_mapcount(page),
+ page->mapping, page->index);
+ BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names) != __NR_PAGEFLAGS + 1);
+
+ pr_emerg("flags: %#lx(%pgp)\n", printflags, &printflags);
+
+ if (reason)
+ pr_alert("page dumped because: %s\n", reason);
+ if (page->flags & badflags) {
+ printflags = page->flags & badflags;
+ pr_alert("bad because of flags: %#lx(%pgp)\n", printflags,
+ &printflags);
+ }
+#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
+ if (page->mem_cgroup)
+ pr_alert("page->mem_cgroup:%p\n", page->mem_cgroup);
+#endif
+}
+
+void dump_page(struct page *page, const char *reason)
+{
+ dump_page_badflags(page, reason, 0);
+ dump_page_owner(page);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(dump_page);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
+
void dump_vma(const struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
pr_emerg("vma %p start %p end %p\n"
"next %p prev %p mm %p\n"
"prot %lx anon_vma %p vm_ops %p\n"
- "pgoff %lx file %p private_data %p\n",
+ "pgoff %lx file %p private_data %p\n"
+ "flags: %#lx(%pgv)\n",
vma, (void *)vma->vm_start, (void *)vma->vm_end, vma->vm_next,
vma->vm_prev, vma->vm_mm,
(unsigned long)pgprot_val(vma->vm_page_prot),
vma->anon_vma, vma->vm_ops, vma->vm_pgoff,
- vma->vm_file, vma->vm_private_data);
- pr_emerg("flags: %#lx", vma->vm_flags);
- dump_flag_names(vma->vm_flags, vmaflags_names,
- ARRAY_SIZE(vmaflags_names));
+ vma->vm_file, vma->vm_private_data,
+ vma->vm_flags, &vma->vm_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(dump_vma);

@@ -263,9 +226,7 @@ void dump_mm(const struct mm_struct *mm)
"" /* This is here to not have a comma! */
);

- pr_emerg("def_flags: %#lx", mm->def_flags);
- dump_flag_names(mm->def_flags, vmaflags_names,
- ARRAY_SIZE(vmaflags_names));
+ pr_emerg("def_flags: %#lx(%pgv)\n", mm->def_flags, &mm->def_flags);
}

#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM */
diff --git a/mm/oom_kill.c b/mm/oom_kill.c
index 542d56c93209..07bba5a46b47 100644
--- a/mm/oom_kill.c
+++ b/mm/oom_kill.c
@@ -387,10 +387,9 @@ static void dump_header(struct oom_control *oc, struct task_struct *p,
struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
pr_warning("%s invoked oom-killer: order=%d, oom_score_adj=%hd, "
- "gfp_mask=0x%x",
+ "gfp_mask=%#x(%pgg)\n",
current->comm, oc->order, current->signal->oom_score_adj,
- oc->gfp_mask);
- dump_gfpflag_names(oc->gfp_mask);
+ oc->gfp_mask, &oc->gfp_mask);

cpuset_print_current_mems_allowed();
dump_stack();
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index d6d7c97c0b28..bd94c7465dea 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -2711,9 +2711,8 @@ void warn_alloc_failed(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, const char *fmt, ...)
va_end(args);
}

- pr_warn("%s: page allocation failure: order:%u, mode:0x%x",
- current->comm, order, gfp_mask);
- dump_gfpflag_names(gfp_mask);
+ pr_warn("%s: page allocation failure: order:%u, mode:%#x(%pgg)\n",
+ current->comm, order, gfp_mask, &gfp_mask);
dump_stack();
if (!should_suppress_show_mem())
show_mem(filter);
diff --git a/mm/page_owner.c b/mm/page_owner.c
index f4acd2452c35..313251f36d86 100644
--- a/mm/page_owner.c
+++ b/mm/page_owner.c
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@ void __dump_page_owner(struct page *page)
return;
}

- pr_alert("page allocated via order %u, migratetype %s, gfp_mask 0x%x",
- page_ext->order, migratetype_names[mt], gfp_mask);
- dump_gfpflag_names(gfp_mask);
+ pr_alert("page allocated via order %u, migratetype %s, "
+ "gfp_mask %#x(%pgg)\n", page_ext->order,
+ migratetype_names[mt], gfp_mask, &gfp_mask);
print_stack_trace(&trace, 0);

if (page_ext->last_migrate_reason != -1)
--
2.6.3