[PATCH 1/2] mm, printk: introduce new format string for flags

Vlastimil Babka
2015-11-30T16:10:48Z

In mm we use several kinds of flags bitfields that are sometimes printed for
debugging purposes, or exported to userspace via sysfs. To make them easier to
interpret independently on kernel version and config, we want to dump also the
symbolic flag names. So far this has been done with repeated calls to
pr_cont(), which is unreliable on SMP, and not usable for e.g. sysfs export.

To get a more reliable and universal solution, this patch extends printk()
format string for pointers to handle the page flags (%pgp), gfp_flags (%pgg)
and vma flags (%pgv). Existing users of dump_flag_names() are converted and
simplified.

It would be possible to pass flags by value instead of pointer, but the %p
format string for pointers already has extensions for various kernel
structures, so it's a good fit, and the extra indirection in a non-critical
path is negligible.

Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
---
I'm sending it on top of the page_owner series, as it's already in mmotm.
But to reduce churn (in case this approach is accepted), I can later
incorporate it and resend it whole.

Documentation/printk-formats.txt | 14 ++++
include/linux/mmdebug.h | 5 +-
lib/vsprintf.c | 31 ++++++++
mm/debug.c | 150 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------
mm/oom_kill.c | 5 +-
mm/page_alloc.c | 5 +-
mm/page_owner.c | 5 +-
7 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 75 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/printk-formats.txt b/Documentation/printk-formats.txt
index b784c270105f..4b5156e74b09 100644
--- a/Documentation/printk-formats.txt
+++ b/Documentation/printk-formats.txt
@@ -292,6 +292,20 @@ Raw pointer value SHOULD be printed with %p. The kernel supports

Passed by reference.

+Flags bitfields such as page flags, gfp_flags:
+
+ %pgp 0x1fffff8000086c(referenced|uptodate|lru|active|private)
+ %pgg 0x24202c4(GFP_USER|GFP_DMA32|GFP_NOWARN)
+ %pgv 0x875(read|exec|mayread|maywrite|mayexec|denywrite)
+
+ For printing raw values of flags bitfields together with symbolic
+ strings that would construct the value. The type of flags is given by
+ the third character. Currently supported are [p]age flags, [g]fp_flags
+ and [v]ma_flags. The flag names and print order depends on the
+ particular type.
+
+ Passed by reference.
+
Network device features:

%pNF 0x000000000000c000
diff --git a/include/linux/mmdebug.h b/include/linux/mmdebug.h
index 3b77fab7ad28..e6518df259ca 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmdebug.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmdebug.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
#define LINUX_MM_DEBUG_H 1

#include <linux/stringify.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>

struct page;
struct vm_area_struct;
@@ -10,7 +11,9 @@ struct mm_struct;
extern void dump_page(struct page *page, const char *reason);
extern void dump_page_badflags(struct page *page, const char *reason,
unsigned long badflags);
-extern void dump_gfpflag_names(unsigned long gfp_flags);
+extern char *format_page_flags(unsigned long flags, char *buf, char *end);
+extern char *format_vma_flags(unsigned long flags, char *buf, char *end);
+extern char *format_gfp_flags(gfp_t gfp_flags, char *buf, char*end);
void dump_vma(const struct vm_area_struct *vma);
void dump_mm(const struct mm_struct *mm);

diff --git a/lib/vsprintf.c b/lib/vsprintf.c
index f9cee8e1233c..41cd122bd307 100644
--- a/lib/vsprintf.c
+++ b/lib/vsprintf.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
#include <linux/dcache.h>
#include <linux/cred.h>
#include <net/addrconf.h>
+#include <linux/mmdebug.h>

#include <asm/page.h> /* for PAGE_SIZE */
#include <asm/sections.h> /* for dereference_function_descriptor() */
@@ -1361,6 +1362,29 @@ char *clock(char *buf, char *end, struct clk *clk, struct printf_spec spec,
}
}

+static noinline_for_stack
+char *flags_string(char *buf, char *end, void *flags_ptr,
+ struct printf_spec spec, const char *fmt)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ gfp_t gfp_flags;
+
+ switch (fmt[1]) {
+ case 'p':
+ flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
+ return format_page_flags(flags, buf, end);
+ case 'v':
+ flags = *(unsigned long *)flags_ptr;
+ return format_vma_flags(flags, buf, end);
+ case 'g':
+ gfp_flags = *(gfp_t *)flags_ptr;
+ return format_gfp_flags(gfp_flags, buf, end);
+ default:
+ WARN_ONCE(1, "Unsupported flags modifier: %c\n", fmt[1]);
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
int kptr_restrict __read_mostly;

/*
@@ -1448,6 +1472,11 @@ int kptr_restrict __read_mostly;
* - 'Cn' For a clock, it prints the name (Common Clock Framework) or address
* (legacy clock framework) of the clock
* - 'Cr' For a clock, it prints the current rate of the clock
+ * - 'g' For flags to be printed as a collection of symbolic strings that would
+ * construct the specific value. Supported flags given by option:
+ * p page flags (see struct page) given as pointer to unsigned long
+ * g gfp flags (GFP_* and __GFP_*) given as pointer to gfp_t
+ * v vma flags (VM_*) given as pointer to unsigned long
*
* ** Please update also Documentation/printk-formats.txt when making changes **
*
@@ -1600,6 +1629,8 @@ char *pointer(const char *fmt, char *buf, char *end, void *ptr,
return dentry_name(buf, end,
((const struct file *)ptr)->f_path.dentry,
spec, fmt);
+ case 'g':
+ return flags_string(buf, end, ptr, spec, fmt);
}
spec.flags |= SMALL;
if (spec.field_width == -1) {
diff --git a/mm/debug.c b/mm/debug.c
index 2fdf0999e6f9..a092111920e7 100644
--- a/mm/debug.c
+++ b/mm/debug.c
@@ -59,40 +59,109 @@ static const struct trace_print_flags pageflag_names[] = {
#endif
};

+static const struct trace_print_flags vmaflags_names[] = {
+ {VM_READ, "read" },
+ {VM_WRITE, "write" },
+ {VM_EXEC, "exec" },
+ {VM_SHARED, "shared" },
+ {VM_MAYREAD, "mayread" },
+ {VM_MAYWRITE, "maywrite" },
+ {VM_MAYEXEC, "mayexec" },
+ {VM_MAYSHARE, "mayshare" },
+ {VM_GROWSDOWN, "growsdown" },
+ {VM_PFNMAP, "pfnmap" },
+ {VM_DENYWRITE, "denywrite" },
+ {VM_LOCKONFAULT, "lockonfault" },
+ {VM_LOCKED, "locked" },
+ {VM_IO, "io" },
+ {VM_SEQ_READ, "seqread" },
+ {VM_RAND_READ, "randread" },
+ {VM_DONTCOPY, "dontcopy" },
+ {VM_DONTEXPAND, "dontexpand" },
+ {VM_ACCOUNT, "account" },
+ {VM_NORESERVE, "noreserve" },
+ {VM_HUGETLB, "hugetlb" },
+#if defined(CONFIG_X86)
+ {VM_PAT, "pat" },
+#elif defined(CONFIG_PPC)
+ {VM_SAO, "sao" },
+#elif defined(CONFIG_PARISC) || defined(CONFIG_METAG) || defined(CONFIG_IA64)
+ {VM_GROWSUP, "growsup" },
+#elif !defined(CONFIG_MMU)
+ {VM_MAPPED_COPY, "mappedcopy" },
+#else
+ {VM_ARCH_1, "arch_1" },
+#endif
+ {VM_DONTDUMP, "dontdump" },
+#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
+ {VM_SOFTDIRTY, "softdirty" },
+#endif
+ {VM_MIXEDMAP, "mixedmap" },
+ {VM_HUGEPAGE, "hugepage" },
+ {VM_NOHUGEPAGE, "nohugepage" },
+ {VM_MERGEABLE, "mergeable" },
+};
+
static const struct trace_print_flags gfpflag_names[] = {
__def_gfpflag_names
};

-static void dump_flag_names(unsigned long flags,
- const struct trace_print_flags *names, int count)
+static char *format_flag_names(unsigned long flags, unsigned long mask_out,
+ const struct trace_print_flags *names, int count,
+ char *buf, char *end)
{
const char *delim = "";
unsigned long mask;
int i;

- pr_cont("(");
+ buf += snprintf(buf, end - buf, "%#lx(", flags);
+
+ flags &= ~mask_out;

for (i = 0; i < count && flags; i++) {
+ if (buf >= end)
+ break;

mask = names[i].mask;
if ((flags & mask) != mask)
continue;

flags &= ~mask;
- pr_cont("%s%s", delim, names[i].name);
+ buf += snprintf(buf, end - buf, "%s%s", delim, names[i].name);
delim = "|";
}

/* check for left over flags */
- if (flags)
- pr_cont("%s%#lx", delim, flags);
+ if (flags && (buf < end))
+ buf += snprintf(buf, end - buf, "%s%#lx", delim, flags);
+
+ if (buf < end) {
+ *buf = ')';
+ buf++;
+ }

- pr_cont(")\n");
+ return buf;
}

-void dump_gfpflag_names(unsigned long gfp_flags)
+char *format_page_flags(unsigned long flags, char *buf, char *end)
{
- dump_flag_names(gfp_flags, gfpflag_names, ARRAY_SIZE(gfpflag_names));
+ /* remove zone id */
+ unsigned long mask = (1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1;
+
+ return format_flag_names(flags, ~mask, pageflag_names,
+ ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names), buf, end);
+}
+
+char *format_vma_flags(unsigned long flags, char *buf, char *end)
+{
+ return format_flag_names(flags, 0, vmaflags_names,
+ ARRAY_SIZE(vmaflags_names), buf, end);
+}
+
+char *format_gfp_flags(gfp_t gfp_flags, char *buf, char *end)
+{
+ return format_flag_names(gfp_flags, 0, gfpflag_names,
+ ARRAY_SIZE(gfpflag_names), buf, end);
}

void dump_page_badflags(struct page *page, const char *reason,
@@ -108,18 +177,15 @@ void dump_page_badflags(struct page *page, const char *reason,
pr_cont("\n");
BUILD_BUG_ON(ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names) != __NR_PAGEFLAGS);

- pr_emerg("flags: %#lx", printflags);
+ pr_emerg("flags: %pgp\n", &printflags);
/* remove zone id */
printflags &= (1UL << NR_PAGEFLAGS) - 1;
- dump_flag_names(printflags, pageflag_names, ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names));

if (reason)
pr_alert("page dumped because: %s\n", reason);
if (page->flags & badflags) {
printflags = page->flags & badflags;
- pr_alert("bad because of flags: %#lx:", printflags);
- dump_flag_names(printflags, pageflag_names,
- ARRAY_SIZE(pageflag_names));
+ pr_alert("bad because of flags: %pgp\n", &printflags);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMCG
if (page->mem_cgroup)
@@ -136,63 +202,19 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(dump_page);

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM

-static const struct trace_print_flags vmaflags_names[] = {
- {VM_READ, "read" },
- {VM_WRITE, "write" },
- {VM_EXEC, "exec" },
- {VM_SHARED, "shared" },
- {VM_MAYREAD, "mayread" },
- {VM_MAYWRITE, "maywrite" },
- {VM_MAYEXEC, "mayexec" },
- {VM_MAYSHARE, "mayshare" },
- {VM_GROWSDOWN, "growsdown" },
- {VM_PFNMAP, "pfnmap" },
- {VM_DENYWRITE, "denywrite" },
- {VM_LOCKONFAULT, "lockonfault" },
- {VM_LOCKED, "locked" },
- {VM_IO, "io" },
- {VM_SEQ_READ, "seqread" },
- {VM_RAND_READ, "randread" },
- {VM_DONTCOPY, "dontcopy" },
- {VM_DONTEXPAND, "dontexpand" },
- {VM_ACCOUNT, "account" },
- {VM_NORESERVE, "noreserve" },
- {VM_HUGETLB, "hugetlb" },
-#if defined(CONFIG_X86)
- {VM_PAT, "pat" },
-#elif defined(CONFIG_PPC)
- {VM_SAO, "sao" },
-#elif defined(CONFIG_PARISC) || defined(CONFIG_METAG) || defined(CONFIG_IA64)
- {VM_GROWSUP, "growsup" },
-#elif !defined(CONFIG_MMU)
- {VM_MAPPED_COPY, "mappedcopy" },
-#else
- {VM_ARCH_1, "arch_1" },
-#endif
- {VM_DONTDUMP, "dontdump" },
-#ifdef CONFIG_MEM_SOFT_DIRTY
- {VM_SOFTDIRTY, "softdirty" },
-#endif
- {VM_MIXEDMAP, "mixedmap" },
- {VM_HUGEPAGE, "hugepage" },
- {VM_NOHUGEPAGE, "nohugepage" },
- {VM_MERGEABLE, "mergeable" },
-};
-
void dump_vma(const struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
pr_emerg("vma %p start %p end %p\n"
"next %p prev %p mm %p\n"
"prot %lx anon_vma %p vm_ops %p\n"
- "pgoff %lx file %p private_data %p\n",
+ "pgoff %lx file %p private_data %p\n"
+ "flags: %pgv\n",
vma, (void *)vma->vm_start, (void *)vma->vm_end, vma->vm_next,
vma->vm_prev, vma->vm_mm,
(unsigned long)pgprot_val(vma->vm_page_prot),
vma->anon_vma, vma->vm_ops, vma->vm_pgoff,
- vma->vm_file, vma->vm_private_data);
- pr_emerg("flags: %#lx", vma->vm_flags);
- dump_flag_names(vma->vm_flags, vmaflags_names,
- ARRAY_SIZE(vmaflags_names));
+ vma->vm_file, vma->vm_private_data,
+ &vma->vm_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(dump_vma);

@@ -263,9 +285,7 @@ void dump_mm(const struct mm_struct *mm)
"" /* This is here to not have a comma! */
);

- pr_emerg("def_flags: %#lx", mm->def_flags);
- dump_flag_names(mm->def_flags, vmaflags_names,
- ARRAY_SIZE(vmaflags_names));
+ pr_emerg("def_flags: %pgv\n", &mm->def_flags);
}

#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_VM */
diff --git a/mm/oom_kill.c b/mm/oom_kill.c
index 542d56c93209..63a68b62ee68 100644
--- a/mm/oom_kill.c
+++ b/mm/oom_kill.c
@@ -387,10 +387,9 @@ static void dump_header(struct oom_control *oc, struct task_struct *p,
struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
{
pr_warning("%s invoked oom-killer: order=%d, oom_score_adj=%hd, "
- "gfp_mask=0x%x",
+ "gfp_mask=%pgg\n",
current->comm, oc->order, current->signal->oom_score_adj,
- oc->gfp_mask);
- dump_gfpflag_names(oc->gfp_mask);
+ &oc->gfp_mask);

cpuset_print_current_mems_allowed();
dump_stack();
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 80349acd8c17..77d2c75f80e4 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -2711,9 +2711,8 @@ void warn_alloc_failed(gfp_t gfp_mask, unsigned int order, const char *fmt, ...)
va_end(args);
}

- pr_warn("%s: page allocation failure: order:%u, mode:0x%x",
- current->comm, order, gfp_mask);
- dump_gfpflag_names(gfp_mask);
+ pr_warn("%s: page allocation failure: order:%u, mode:%pgg\n",
+ current->comm, order, &gfp_mask);
dump_stack();
if (!should_suppress_show_mem())
show_mem(filter);
diff --git a/mm/page_owner.c b/mm/page_owner.c
index f4acd2452c35..ff862b6d12da 100644
--- a/mm/page_owner.c
+++ b/mm/page_owner.c
@@ -208,9 +208,8 @@ void __dump_page_owner(struct page *page)
return;
}

- pr_alert("page allocated via order %u, migratetype %s, gfp_mask 0x%x",
- page_ext->order, migratetype_names[mt], gfp_mask);
- dump_gfpflag_names(gfp_mask);
+ pr_alert("page allocated via order %u, migratetype %s, gfp_mask %pgg\n",
+ page_ext->order, migratetype_names[mt], &gfp_mask);
print_stack_trace(&trace, 0);

if (page_ext->last_migrate_reason != -1)
--
2.6.3