[PATCH v2 0/2] x86/x2apic: Fix hangup of defconfig kernel on resume from s2ram

[PATCH v2 0/2] x86/x2apic: Fix hangup of defconfig kernel on resume from s2ram

[Shashank Balaji]

Changes in v2:
- Patch 1's commit references the ACPI spec (Sohil Mehta)
- Patch 2's commit references the Intel SDM (Jan's and Andrew's discussion)
- Patch 3 to rename x2apic_available() to x2apic_without_ir_available() dropped
due to a lack of direction
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20260202-x2apic-fix-v1-0-71c8f488a88b@sony.com

On resume from s2ram, a defconfig kernel gets into a state where the x2apic
hardware state and the kernel's perceived state are different.

On boot, x2apic is enabled by the firmware, and then the kernel disables it
(relevant lines from dmesg):

	[    0.000381] x2apic: enabled by BIOS, switching to x2apic ops
	[    0.009939] APIC: Switched APIC routing to: cluster x2apic
	[    0.095151] x2apic: IRQ remapping doesn't support X2APIC mode
	[    0.095154] x2apic disabled
	[    0.095551] APIC: Switched APIC routing to: physical flat

defconfig has CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP=n, which leads to x2apic being disabled,
because on bare metal, x2apic has an architectural dependence on interrupt
remapping.

While resuming from s2ram, x2apic is enabled again by the firmware, but
the kernel continues using the physical flat apic routing. This causes a
hangup.

Patch 1 fixes this in lapic_resume() by disabling x2apic when the kernel expects
it to be disabled.
Patch 2 enables CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP in defconfig so that defconfig kernels at
least don't disable x2apic because of a lack of IRQ_REMAP support.

Signed-off-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>
---
---
Shashank Balaji (2):
      x86/x2apic: Disable x2apic on resume if the kernel expects so
      x86/defconfig: Add CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP

 arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig |  1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c       | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+)
---
base-commit: e5dd3611420978eac7031c627604a64b01ec56eb
change-id: 20260201-x2apic-fix-85c8c1b5cb90

Best regards,
-- 
Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>

[PATCH v2 1/2] x86/x2apic: Disable x2apic on resume if the kernel expects so

[Shashank Balaji]

When resuming from s2ram, firmware may re-enable x2apic mode, which may have
been disabled by the kernel during boot either because it doesn't support
irq remapping or for other reasons. This causes the kernel to continue using
the xapic interface, while the hardware is in x2apic mode, which causes hangs.
This happens on defconfig + bare metal + s2ram.

Fix this in lapic_resume() by disabling x2apic if the kernel expects it to be
disabled, i.e. when x2apic_mode = 0.

The ACPI v6.6 spec, Section 16.3 [1] says firmware restores either the pre-sleep
configuration or initial boot configuration for each CPU, including MSR state:

	When executing from the power-on reset vector as a result of waking
	from an S2 or S3 sleep state, the platform firmware performs only the
	hardware initialization required to restore the system to either the
	state the platform was in prior to the initial operating system boot,
	or to the pre-sleep configuration state. In multiprocessor systems,
	non-boot processors should be placed in the same state as prior to the
	initial operating system boot.

	(further ahead)

	 If this is an S2 or S3 wake, then the platform runtime firmware
	 restores minimum context of the system before jumping to the waking
	 vector. This includes:

	 	CPU configuration. Platform runtime firmware restores the
		pre-sleep configuration or initial boot configuration of each
		CPU (MSR, MTRR, firmware update, SMBase, and so on). Interrupts
		must be disabled (for IA-32 processors, disabled by CLI
		instruction).

		(and other things)

So at least as per the spec, re-enablement of x2apic by the firmware is allowed
if "x2apic on" is a part of the initial boot configuration.

[1] https://uefi.org/specs/ACPI/6.6/16_Waking_and_Sleeping.html#initialization

Fixes: 6e1cb38a2aef ("x64, x2apic/intr-remap: add x2apic support, including enabling interrupt-remapping")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Co-developed-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>

---

Changes in v2:
- Add __x2apic_disable() stub for !CONFIG_X86_X2APIC
- Mention the ACPI spec in the commit message (Sohil Mehta)
---
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c | 10 ++++++++++
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
index d93f87f29d03..c8cb82d5131c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
@@ -1894,6 +1894,7 @@ void __init check_x2apic(void)
 
 static inline void try_to_enable_x2apic(int remap_mode) { }
 static inline void __x2apic_enable(void) { }
+static inline void __x2apic_disable(void) { }
 #endif /* !CONFIG_X86_X2APIC */
 
 void __init enable_IR_x2apic(void)
@@ -2456,6 +2457,15 @@ static void lapic_resume(void *data)
 	if (x2apic_mode) {
 		__x2apic_enable();
 	} else {
+		/*
+		 * x2apic may have been re-enabled by the firmware on resuming
+		 * from s2ram
+		 */
+		if (x2apic_enabled()) {
+			pr_warn_once("x2apic: re-enabled by firmware during resume. Disabling\n");
+			__x2apic_disable();
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Make sure the APICBASE points to the right address
 		 *

-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH v2 1/2] x86/x2apic: Disable x2apic on resume if the kernel expects so

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Fri, Mar 06 2026 at 14:46, Shashank Balaji wrote:

> When resuming from s2ram, firmware may re-enable x2apic mode, which may have
> been disabled by the kernel during boot either because it doesn't support
> irq remapping or for other reasons. This causes the kernel to continue using
> the xapic interface, while the hardware is in x2apic mode, which causes hangs.
> This happens on defconfig + bare metal + s2ram.
>
> Fix this in lapic_resume() by disabling x2apic if the kernel expects it to be
> disabled, i.e. when x2apic_mode = 0.
>
> The ACPI v6.6 spec, Section 16.3 [1] says firmware restores either the pre-sleep
> configuration or initial boot configuration for each CPU, including MSR state:
>
> 	When executing from the power-on reset vector as a result of waking
> 	from an S2 or S3 sleep state, the platform firmware performs only the
> 	hardware initialization required to restore the system to either the
> 	state the platform was in prior to the initial operating system boot,
> 	or to the pre-sleep configuration state. In multiprocessor systems,
> 	non-boot processors should be placed in the same state as prior to the
> 	initial operating system boot.
>
> 	(further ahead)
>
> 	 If this is an S2 or S3 wake, then the platform runtime firmware
> 	 restores minimum context of the system before jumping to the waking
> 	 vector. This includes:
>
> 	 	CPU configuration. Platform runtime firmware restores the
> 		pre-sleep configuration or initial boot configuration of each
> 		CPU (MSR, MTRR, firmware update, SMBase, and so on). Interrupts
> 		must be disabled (for IA-32 processors, disabled by CLI
> 		instruction).
>
> 		(and other things)
>
> So at least as per the spec, re-enablement of x2apic by the firmware is allowed
> if "x2apic on" is a part of the initial boot configuration.
>
> [1] https://uefi.org/specs/ACPI/6.6/16_Waking_and_Sleeping.html#initialization
>
> Fixes: 6e1cb38a2aef ("x64, x2apic/intr-remap: add x2apic support, including enabling interrupt-remapping")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Co-developed-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
> Signed-off-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
> Signed-off-by: Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>

Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>

Re: [PATCH v2 1/2] x86/x2apic: Disable x2apic on resume if the kernel expects so

[Sohil Mehta]

On 3/5/2026 9:46 PM, Shashank Balaji wrote:

> So at least as per the spec, re-enablement of x2apic by the firmware is allowed
> if "x2apic on" is a part of the initial boot configuration.
> 

The code changes look fine to me. I am still a bit uncertain about the
"x2apic on" BIOS option. I hope the firmware provides more description
to the user about what it does.

Anyway,

Reviewed-by: Sohil Mehta <sohil.mehta@intel.com>


> @@ -2456,6 +2457,15 @@ static void lapic_resume(void *data)
>  	if (x2apic_mode) {
>  		__x2apic_enable();
>  	} else {
> +		/*
> +		 * x2apic may have been re-enabled by the firmware on resuming
> +		 * from s2ram
> +		 */

This comment is mostly unnecessary because the pr_warn conveys the same
message.

> +		if (x2apic_enabled()) {
> +			pr_warn_once("x2apic: re-enabled by firmware during resume. Disabling\n");
> +			__x2apic_disable();
> +		}
> +

[tip: x86/urgent] x86/apic: Disable x2apic on resume if the kernel expects so

[tip-bot2 for Shashank Balaji]

The following commit has been merged into the x86/urgent branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     8cc7dd77a1466f0ec58c03478b2e735a5b289b96
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/8cc7dd77a1466f0ec58c03478b2e735a5b289b96
Author:        Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>
AuthorDate:    Fri, 06 Mar 2026 14:46:28 +09:00
Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
CommitterDate: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 11:57:56 +01:00

x86/apic: Disable x2apic on resume if the kernel expects so

When resuming from s2ram, firmware may re-enable x2apic mode, which may have
been disabled by the kernel during boot either because it doesn't support IRQ
remapping or for other reasons. This causes the kernel to continue using the
xapic interface, while the hardware is in x2apic mode, which causes hangs.
This happens on defconfig + bare metal + s2ram.

Fix this in lapic_resume() by disabling x2apic if the kernel expects it to be
disabled, i.e. when x2apic_mode = 0.

The ACPI v6.6 spec, Section 16.3 [1] says firmware restores either the
pre-sleep configuration or initial boot configuration for each CPU, including
MSR state:

  When executing from the power-on reset vector as a result of waking from an
  S2 or S3 sleep state, the platform firmware performs only the hardware
  initialization required to restore the system to either the state the
  platform was in prior to the initial operating system boot, or to the
  pre-sleep configuration state. In multiprocessor systems, non-boot
  processors should be placed in the same state as prior to the initial
  operating system boot.

  (further ahead)

  If this is an S2 or S3 wake, then the platform runtime firmware restores
  minimum context of the system before jumping to the waking vector. This
  includes:

	CPU configuration. Platform runtime firmware restores the pre-sleep
	configuration or initial boot configuration of each CPU (MSR, MTRR,
	firmware update, SMBase, and so on). Interrupts must be disabled (for
	IA-32 processors, disabled by CLI instruction).

	(and other things)

So at least as per the spec, re-enablement of x2apic by the firmware is
allowed if "x2apic on" is a part of the initial boot configuration.

  [1] https://uefi.org/specs/ACPI/6.6/16_Waking_and_Sleeping.html#initialization

  [ bp: Massage. ]

Fixes: 6e1cb38a2aef ("x64, x2apic/intr-remap: add x2apic support, including enabling interrupt-remapping")
Co-developed-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Sohil Mehta <sohil.mehta@intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260306-x2apic-fix-v2-1-bee99c12efa3@sony.com
---
 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c | 6 ++++++
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
index d93f87f..961714e 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c
@@ -1894,6 +1894,7 @@ void __init check_x2apic(void)
 
 static inline void try_to_enable_x2apic(int remap_mode) { }
 static inline void __x2apic_enable(void) { }
+static inline void __x2apic_disable(void) { }
 #endif /* !CONFIG_X86_X2APIC */
 
 void __init enable_IR_x2apic(void)
@@ -2456,6 +2457,11 @@ static void lapic_resume(void *data)
 	if (x2apic_mode) {
 		__x2apic_enable();
 	} else {
+		if (x2apic_enabled()) {
+			pr_warn_once("x2apic: re-enabled by firmware during resume. Disabling\n");
+			__x2apic_disable();
+		}
+
 		/*
 		 * Make sure the APICBASE points to the right address
 		 *

[PATCH v2 2/2] x86/defconfig: Add CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP

[Shashank Balaji]

x2apic is enabled in the defconfig, and interrupt remapping is an architectural
dependency of x2apic as per the Intel SDM:

	Routing of device interrupts to local APIC units operating in x2APIC
	mode requires use of the interrupt-remapping architecture specified in
	the Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (Revision 1.3
	and/or later versions).

Enable CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP in defconfig so that a defconfig kernel on bare metal
actually uses x2apic.

Co-developed-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>

---

Changes in v2:
- Mention the SDM (based on Andrew and Jan's discussion)
---
 arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig b/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
index 7d7310cdf8b0..269f7d808be4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ CONFIG_EEEPC_LAPTOP=y
 CONFIG_AMD_IOMMU=y
 CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU=y
 # CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU_DEFAULT_ON is not set
+CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP=y
 CONFIG_EXT4_FS=y
 CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL=y
 CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY=y

-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH v2 2/2] x86/defconfig: Add CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP

[Thomas Gleixner]

On Fri, Mar 06 2026 at 14:46, Shashank Balaji wrote:
> x2apic is enabled in the defconfig, and interrupt remapping is an architectural
> dependency of x2apic as per the Intel SDM:
>
> 	Routing of device interrupts to local APIC units operating in x2APIC
> 	mode requires use of the interrupt-remapping architecture specified in
> 	the Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (Revision 1.3
> 	and/or later versions).
>
> Enable CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP in defconfig so that a defconfig kernel on bare metal
> actually uses x2apic.
>
> Co-developed-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
> Signed-off-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
> Signed-off-by: Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>

Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>

Re: [PATCH v2 2/2] x86/defconfig: Add CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP

[Sohil Mehta]

On 3/5/2026 9:46 PM, Shashank Balaji wrote:
> ---
>  arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig | 1 +
>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
> 

Reviewed-by: Sohil Mehta <sohil.mehta@intel.com>

> diff --git a/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig b/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
> index 7d7310cdf8b0..269f7d808be4 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
> +++ b/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
> @@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ CONFIG_EEEPC_LAPTOP=y
>  CONFIG_AMD_IOMMU=y
>  CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU=y
>  # CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU_DEFAULT_ON is not set
> +CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP=y
>  CONFIG_EXT4_FS=y
>  CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL=y
>  CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY=y
> 

[tip: x86/misc] x86/64/defconfig: Add CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP

[tip-bot2 for Shashank Balaji]

The following commit has been merged into the x86/misc branch of tip:

Commit-ID:     bcf92fbca6055b7b717c3706e4e5f92a4e63ef45
Gitweb:        https://git.kernel.org/tip/bcf92fbca6055b7b717c3706e4e5f92a4e63ef45
Author:        Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>
AuthorDate:    Fri, 06 Mar 2026 14:46:29 +09:00
Committer:     Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
CommitterDate: Tue, 10 Mar 2026 19:01:37 +01:00

x86/64/defconfig: Add CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP

x2apic is enabled in the defconfig, and interrupt remapping is an
architectural dependency of x2apic as per the Intel SDM:

  Routing of device interrupts to local APIC units operating in x2APIC
  mode requires use of the interrupt-remapping architecture specified in
  the Intel® Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O (Revision 1.3
  and/or later versions).

Enable CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP in defconfig so that a defconfig kernel on bare metal
actually uses x2apic.

Co-developed-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Rahul Bukte <rahul.bukte@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Shashank Balaji <shashank.mahadasyam@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Reviewed-by: Sohil Mehta <sohil.mehta@intel.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260306-x2apic-fix-v2-2-bee99c12efa3@sony.com
---
 arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig b/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
index 7d7310c..269f7d8 100644
--- a/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
+++ b/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_defconfig
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ CONFIG_EEEPC_LAPTOP=y
 CONFIG_AMD_IOMMU=y
 CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU=y
 # CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU_DEFAULT_ON is not set
+CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP=y
 CONFIG_EXT4_FS=y
 CONFIG_EXT4_FS_POSIX_ACL=y
 CONFIG_EXT4_FS_SECURITY=y