[patch 37/53] x86/cpu: Detect real BSP on crash kernels

Thomas Gleixner
2023-08-07T13:55:03Z

When a kdump kernel is started from a crashing CPU then there is no
guarantee that this CPU is the real boot CPU (BSP). If the kdump kernel
tries to online the BSP then the INIT sequence will reset the machine.

There is a command line option to prevent this, but in case of nested kdump
kernels this is wrong.

But that command line option is not required at all because the real BSP
has the lowest local APIC ID in the system. That was not always true, but
support for the only known system which was different (Voyager) got removed
long ago.

Detect whether the boot CPU APIC ID is the lowest APIC ID in the system.
If the lowest registered APIC ID is not the boot CPU APIC ID, then remove
it from the present bitmap and let the possible map initialization ignore
it.

Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
---
Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst | 7 --
Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 9 ---
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c | 59 +++++++++++++++---------
3 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kdump/kdump.rst
@@ -191,9 +191,7 @@ Dump-capture kernel config options (Arch
CPU is enough for kdump kernel to dump vmcore on most of systems.

However, you can also specify nr_cpus=X to enable multiple processors
- in kdump kernel. In this case, "disable_cpu_apicid=" is needed to
- tell kdump kernel which cpu is 1st kernel's BSP. Please refer to
- admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt for more details.
+ in kdump kernel.

With CONFIG_SMP=n, the above things are not related.

@@ -485,8 +483,7 @@ loading dump-capture kernel.
to use multi-thread programs with it, such as parallel dump feature of
makedumpfile. Otherwise, the multi-thread program may have a great
performance degradation. To enable multi-cpu support, you should bring up an
- SMP dump-capture kernel and specify maxcpus/nr_cpus, disable_cpu_apicid=[X]
- options while loading it.
+ SMP dump-capture kernel and specify maxcpus/nr_cpus options while loading it.

* For s390x there are two kdump modes: If a ELF header is specified with
the elfcorehdr= kernel parameter, it is used by the kdump kernel as it
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -1071,15 +1071,6 @@
Disable TLBIE instruction. Currently does not work
with KVM, with HASH MMU, or with coherent accelerators.

- disable_cpu_apicid= [X86,APIC,SMP]
- Format: <int>
- The number of initial APIC ID for the
- corresponding CPU to be disabled at boot,
- mostly used for the kdump 2nd kernel to
- disable BSP to wake up multiple CPUs without
- causing system reset or hang due to sending
- INIT from AP to BSP.
-
disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES]
Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this
to workaround buggy firmware.
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/topology.c
@@ -32,18 +32,13 @@ struct {
unsigned int nr_disabled_cpus;
unsigned int nr_rejected_cpus;
u32 boot_cpu_apic_id;
+ u32 real_bsp_apic_id;
} topo_info __read_mostly = {
.nr_assigned_cpus = 1,
.boot_cpu_apic_id = BAD_APICID,
+ .real_bsp_apic_id = BAD_APICID,
};

-/*
- * Processor to be disabled specified by kernel parameter
- * disable_cpu_apicid=<int>, mostly used for the kdump 2nd kernel to
- * avoid undefined behaviour caused by sending INIT from AP to BSP.
- */
-static u32 disabled_cpu_apicid __ro_after_init = BAD_APICID;
-
bool arch_match_cpu_phys_id(int cpu, u64 phys_id)
{
return phys_id == (u64)cpuid_to_apicid[cpu];
@@ -146,12 +141,6 @@ void __init topology_register_apic(u32 a
return;
}

- if (disabled_cpu_apicid == apic_id) {
- pr_info("Disabling CPU as requested via 'disable_cpu_apicid=0x%x'.\n", apic_id);
- topo_info.nr_rejected_cpus++;
- return;
- }
-
if (present) {
/*
* Prevent double registration, which is valid in case of
@@ -270,6 +259,30 @@ static __init bool restrict_to_up(void)
return apic_is_disabled;
}

+static __init void check_for_kdump_kernel(void)
+{
+ u32 bsp_apicid;
+
+ /*
+ * There is no real good way to detect whether this a kdump()
+ * kernel, but except on the Voyager SMP monstrosity which is not
+ * longer supported, the real BSP has always the lowest numbered
+ * APIC ID. If a crash happened on an AP, which then ends up as
+ * boot CPU in the kdump() kernel, then sending INIT to the real
+ * BSP would reset the whole system.
+ */
+ bsp_apicid = find_first_bit(phys_cpu_present_map, MAX_LOCAL_APIC);
+ if (bsp_apicid == topo_info.boot_cpu_apic_id)
+ return;
+
+ pr_warn("Boot CPU APIC ID not the lowest APIC ID: %x > %x\n",
+ topo_info.boot_cpu_apic_id, bsp_apicid);
+ pr_warn("Crash kernel detected. Disabling real BSP to prevent machine INIT\n");
+
+ topo_info.real_bsp_apic_id = bsp_apicid;
+ clear_bit(bsp_apicid, phys_cpu_present_map);
+}
+
void __init topology_init_possible_cpus(void)
{
unsigned int assigned = topo_info.nr_assigned_cpus;
@@ -278,6 +291,9 @@ void __init topology_init_possible_cpus(
unsigned int cpu, allowed = 1;

if (!restrict_to_up()) {
+ if (total > 1)
+ check_for_kdump_kernel();
+
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(assigned > nr_cpu_ids)) {
disabled += assigned - nr_cpu_ids;
assigned = nr_cpu_ids;
@@ -308,6 +324,14 @@ void __init topology_init_possible_cpus(
for (cpu = 0; cpu < allowed; cpu++) {
u32 apicid = cpuid_to_apicid[cpu];

+ /*
+ * In case of a kdump() kernel, don't mark the real BSP in
+ * the present and possible maps. Sending INIT to it resets
+ * the machine.
+ */
+ if (apicid != BAD_APICID && apicid == topo_info.real_bsp_apic_id)
+ continue;
+
set_cpu_possible(cpu, true);

if (apicid == BAD_APICID)
@@ -337,12 +361,3 @@ static int __init setup_possible_cpus(ch
}
early_param("possible_cpus", setup_possible_cpus);
#endif
-
-static int __init apic_set_disabled_cpu_apicid(char *arg)
-{
- if (!arg || !get_option(&arg, &disabled_cpu_apicid))
- return -EINVAL;
-
- return 0;
-}
-early_param("disable_cpu_apicid", apic_set_disabled_cpu_apicid);