[PATCH v5 13/16] powerpc/mm/32s: Use BATs for STRICT_KERNEL_RWX

Christophe Leroy
2019-02-21T19:08:57Z

Today, STRICT_KERNEL_RWX is based on the use of regular pages
to map kernel pages.

On Book3s 32, it has three consequences:
- Using pages instead of BAT for mapping kernel linear memory severely
impacts performance.
- Exec protection is not effective because no-execute cannot be set at
page level (except on 603 which doesn't have hash tables)
- Write protection is not effective because PP bits do not provide RO
mode for kernel-only pages (except on 603 which handles it in software
via PAGE_DIRTY)

On the 603+, we have:
- Independent IBAT and DBAT allowing limitation of exec parts.
- NX bit can be set in segment registers to forbit execution on memory
mapped by pages.
- RO mode on DBATs even for kernel-only blocks.

On the 601, there is nothing much we can do other than warn the user
about it, because:
- BATs are common to instructions and data.
- BAT do not provide RO mode for kernel-only blocks.
- segment registers don't have the NX bit.

In order to use IBAT for exec protection, this patch:
- Aligns _etext to BAT block sizes (128kb)
- Set NX bit in kernel segment register (Except on vmalloc area when
CONFIG_MODULES is selected)
- Maps kernel text with IBATs.

In order to use DBAT for exec protection, this patch:
- Aligns RW DATA to BAT block sizes (4M)
- Maps kernel RO area with write prohibited DBATs
- Maps remaining memory with remaining DBATs

Here is what we get with this patch on a 832x when activating
STRICT_KERNEL_RWX:

Symbols:
c0000000 T _stext
c0680000 R __start_rodata
c0680000 R _etext
c0800000 T __init_begin
c0800000 T _sinittext

~# cat /sys/kernel/debug/block_address_translation
---[ Instruction Block Address Translation ]---
0: 0xc0000000-0xc03fffff 0x00000000 Kernel EXEC coherent
1: 0xc0400000-0xc05fffff 0x00400000 Kernel EXEC coherent
2: 0xc0600000-0xc067ffff 0x00600000 Kernel EXEC coherent
3: -
4: -
5: -
6: -
7: -

---[ Data Block Address Translation ]---
0: 0xc0000000-0xc07fffff 0x00000000 Kernel RO coherent
1: 0xc0800000-0xc0ffffff 0x00800000 Kernel RW coherent
2: 0xc1000000-0xc1ffffff 0x01000000 Kernel RW coherent
3: 0xc2000000-0xc3ffffff 0x02000000 Kernel RW coherent
4: 0xc4000000-0xc7ffffff 0x04000000 Kernel RW coherent
5: 0xc8000000-0xcfffffff 0x08000000 Kernel RW coherent
6: 0xd0000000-0xdfffffff 0x10000000 Kernel RW coherent
7: -

~# cat /sys/kernel/debug/segment_registers
---[ User Segments ]---
0x00000000-0x0fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa085d0
0x10000000-0x1fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa086e1
0x20000000-0x2fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa087f2
0x30000000-0x3fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa08903
0x40000000-0x4fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa08a14
0x50000000-0x5fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa08b25
0x60000000-0x6fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa08c36
0x70000000-0x7fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa08d47
0x80000000-0x8fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa08e58
0x90000000-0x9fffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa08f69
0xa0000000-0xafffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa0907a
0xb0000000-0xbfffffff Kern key 1 User key 1 VSID 0xa0918b

---[ Kernel Segments ]---
0xc0000000-0xcfffffff Kern key 0 User key 1 No Exec VSID 0x000ccc
0xd0000000-0xdfffffff Kern key 0 User key 1 No Exec VSID 0x000ddd
0xe0000000-0xefffffff Kern key 0 User key 1 No Exec VSID 0x000eee
0xf0000000-0xffffffff Kern key 0 User key 1 No Exec VSID 0x000fff

Aligning _etext to 128kb allows to map up to 32Mb text with 8 IBATs:
16Mb + 8Mb + 4Mb + 2Mb + 1Mb + 512kb + 256kb + 128kb (+ 128kb) = 32Mb
(A 9th IBAT is unneeded as 32Mb would need only a single 32Mb block)

Aligning data to 4M allows to map up to 512Mb data with 8 DBATs:
16Mb + 8Mb + 4Mb + 4Mb + 32Mb + 64Mb + 128Mb + 256Mb = 512Mb

Because some processors only have 4 BATs and because some targets need
DBATs for mapping other areas, the following patch will allow to
modify _etext and data alignment.

Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>

Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
---
arch/powerpc/Kconfig | 2 +
arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/32/pgtable.h | 11 ++++
arch/powerpc/mm/init_32.c | 4 +-
arch/powerpc/mm/mmu_decl.h | 8 +++
arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c | 10 +++-
arch/powerpc/mm/ppc_mmu_32.c | 87 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
6 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/powerpc/Kconfig b/arch/powerpc/Kconfig
index edef40a2b446..640a7cfba9d0 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/Kconfig
+++ b/arch/powerpc/Kconfig
@@ -727,11 +727,13 @@ config THREAD_SHIFT

config ETEXT_SHIFT
int
+ default 17 if STRICT_KERNEL_RWX && PPC_BOOK3S_32
default PPC_PAGE_SHIFT

config DATA_SHIFT
int
default 24 if STRICT_KERNEL_RWX && PPC64
+ default 22 if STRICT_KERNEL_RWX && PPC_BOOK3S_32
default PPC_PAGE_SHIFT

config FORCE_MAX_ZONEORDER
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/32/pgtable.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/32/pgtable.h
index 49d76adb9bc5..aa8406b8f7ba 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/32/pgtable.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/book3s/32/pgtable.h
@@ -174,7 +174,18 @@ static inline bool pte_user(pte_t pte)
* of RAM. -- Cort
*/
#define VMALLOC_OFFSET (0x1000000) /* 16M */
+
+/*
+ * With CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX, kernel segments are set NX. But when modules
+ * are used, NX cannot be set on VMALLOC space. So vmalloc VM space and linear
+ * memory shall not share segments.
+ */
+#if defined(CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX) && defined(CONFIG_MODULES)
+#define VMALLOC_START ((_ALIGN((long)high_memory, 256L << 20) + VMALLOC_OFFSET) & \
+ ~(VMALLOC_OFFSET - 1))
+#else
#define VMALLOC_START ((((long)high_memory + VMALLOC_OFFSET) & ~(VMALLOC_OFFSET-1)))
+#endif
#define VMALLOC_END ioremap_bot

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/mm/init_32.c b/arch/powerpc/mm/init_32.c
index ee5a430b9a18..bc28995a37ea 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/mm/init_32.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/mm/init_32.c
@@ -108,10 +108,8 @@ static void __init MMU_setup(void)
__map_without_bats = 1;
__map_without_ltlbs = 1;
}
- if (strict_kernel_rwx_enabled()) {
- __map_without_bats = 1;
+ if (strict_kernel_rwx_enabled())
__map_without_ltlbs = 1;
- }
}

/*
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/mm/mmu_decl.h b/arch/powerpc/mm/mmu_decl.h
index 61730023dde3..98fc94affc29 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/mm/mmu_decl.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/mm/mmu_decl.h
@@ -165,3 +165,11 @@ unsigned long p_block_mapped(phys_addr_t pa);
static inline phys_addr_t v_block_mapped(unsigned long va) { return 0; }
static inline unsigned long p_block_mapped(phys_addr_t pa) { return 0; }
#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_32)
+void mmu_mark_initmem_nx(void);
+void mmu_mark_rodata_ro(void);
+#else
+static inline void mmu_mark_initmem_nx(void) { }
+static inline void mmu_mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
+#endif
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c b/arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c
index a000768a5cc9..6e56a6240bfa 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/mm/pgtable_32.c
@@ -353,7 +353,10 @@ void mark_initmem_nx(void)
unsigned long numpages = PFN_UP((unsigned long)_einittext) -
PFN_DOWN((unsigned long)_sinittext);

- change_page_attr(page, numpages, PAGE_KERNEL);
+ if (v_block_mapped((unsigned long)_stext) + 1)
+ mmu_mark_initmem_nx();
+ else
+ change_page_attr(page, numpages, PAGE_KERNEL);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
@@ -362,6 +365,11 @@ void mark_rodata_ro(void)
struct page *page;
unsigned long numpages;

+ if (v_block_mapped((unsigned long)_sinittext)) {
+ mmu_mark_rodata_ro();
+ return;
+ }
+
page = virt_to_page(_stext);
numpages = PFN_UP((unsigned long)_etext) -
PFN_DOWN((unsigned long)_stext);
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/mm/ppc_mmu_32.c b/arch/powerpc/mm/ppc_mmu_32.c
index 66f1319e8e20..d80622dccfa0 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/mm/ppc_mmu_32.c
+++ b/arch/powerpc/mm/ppc_mmu_32.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
#include <asm/mmu.h>
#include <asm/machdep.h>
#include <asm/code-patching.h>
+#include <asm/sections.h>

#include "mmu_decl.h"

@@ -138,15 +139,10 @@ static void clearibat(int index)
bat[0].batl = 0;
}

-unsigned long __init mmu_mapin_ram(unsigned long base, unsigned long top)
+static unsigned long __init __mmu_mapin_ram(unsigned long base, unsigned long top)
{
int idx;

- if (__map_without_bats) {
- printk(KERN_DEBUG "RAM mapped without BATs\n");
- return base;
- }
-
while ((idx = find_free_bat()) != -1 && base != top) {
unsigned int size = block_size(base, top);

@@ -159,6 +155,85 @@ unsigned long __init mmu_mapin_ram(unsigned long base, unsigned long top)
return base;
}

+unsigned long __init mmu_mapin_ram(unsigned long base, unsigned long top)
+{
+ int done;
+ unsigned long border = (unsigned long)__init_begin - PAGE_OFFSET;
+
+ if (__map_without_bats) {
+ pr_debug("RAM mapped without BATs\n");
+ return base;
+ }
+
+ if (!strict_kernel_rwx_enabled() || base >= border || top <= border)
+ return __mmu_mapin_ram(base, top);
+
+ done = __mmu_mapin_ram(base, border);
+ if (done != border - base)
+ return done;
+
+ return done + __mmu_mapin_ram(border, top);
+}
+
+void mmu_mark_initmem_nx(void)
+{
+ int nb = mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_USE_HIGH_BATS) ? 8 : 4;
+ int i;
+ unsigned long base = (unsigned long)_stext - PAGE_OFFSET;
+ unsigned long top = (unsigned long)_etext - PAGE_OFFSET;
+ unsigned long size;
+
+ if (cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_601))
+ return;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nb - 1 && base < top && top - base > (128 << 10);) {
+ size = block_size(base, top);
+ setibat(i++, PAGE_OFFSET + base, base, size, PAGE_KERNEL_TEXT);
+ base += size;
+ }
+ if (base < top) {
+ size = block_size(base, top);
+ size = max(size, 128UL << 10);
+ if ((top - base) > size) {
+ if (strict_kernel_rwx_enabled())
+ pr_warn("Kernel _etext not properly aligned\n");
+ size <<= 1;
+ }
+ setibat(i++, PAGE_OFFSET + base, base, size, PAGE_KERNEL_TEXT);
+ base += size;
+ }
+ for (; i < nb; i++)
+ clearibat(i);
+
+ update_bats();
+
+ for (i = TASK_SIZE >> 28; i < 16; i++) {
+ /* Do not set NX on VM space for modules */
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MODULES) &&
+ (VMALLOC_START & 0xf0000000) == i << 28)
+ break;
+ mtsrin(mfsrin(i << 28) | 0x10000000, i << 28);
+ }
+}
+
+void mmu_mark_rodata_ro(void)
+{
+ int nb = mmu_has_feature(MMU_FTR_USE_HIGH_BATS) ? 8 : 4;
+ int i;
+
+ if (cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_601))
+ return;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+ struct ppc_bat *bat = BATS[i];
+
+ if (bat_addrs[i].start < (unsigned long)__init_begin)
+ bat[1].batl = (bat[1].batl & ~BPP_RW) | BPP_RX;
+ }
+
+ update_bats();
+}
+
/*
* Set up one of the I/D BAT (block address translation) register pairs.
* The parameters are not checked; in particular size must be a power
--
2.13.3