[PATCH v2 5/7] gpu: nova-core: add extra integer conversion functions and traits

Alexandre Courbot
2025-10-27T12:55:11Z

The core library's `From` implementations do not cover conversions
that are not portable or future-proof. For instance, even though it is
safe today, `From<usize>` is not implemented for `u64` because of the
possibility to support larger-than-64bit architectures in the future.

However, the kernel supports a narrower set of architectures, and in the
case of Nova we only support 64-bit. This makes it helpful and desirable
to provide more infallible conversions, lest we need to rely on the `as`
keyword and carry the risk of silently losing data.

Thus, introduce a new module `num` that provides safe const functions
performing more conversions allowed by the build target, as well as
`FromAs` and `IntoAs` traits that are just extensions of `From` and
`Into` to conversions that are known to be lossless.

Suggested-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/DDK4KADWJHMG.1FUPL3SDR26XF@kernel.org/
Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Courbot <acourbot@nvidia.com>
---
drivers/gpu/nova-core/nova_core.rs | 1 +
drivers/gpu/nova-core/num.rs | 158 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 159 insertions(+)

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/nova_core.rs b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/nova_core.rs
index e130166c1086..9180ec9c27ef 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/nova_core.rs
+++ b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/nova_core.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
mod gfw;
mod gpu;
mod gsp;
+mod num;
mod regs;
mod vbios;

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/nova-core/num.rs b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/num.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..adb5a92f0d51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/gpu/nova-core/num.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+//! Numerical helpers functions and traits.
+//!
+//! This is essentially a staging module for code to mature until it can be moved to the `kernel`
+//! crate.
+
+use kernel::{build_error, macros::paste};
+
+macro_rules! impl_lossless_as {
+ ($from:ty as { $($into:ty),* }) => {
+ $(
+ paste! {
+ #[doc = ::core::concat!(
+ "Losslessly converts a [`",
+ ::core::stringify!($from),
+ "`] into a [`",
+ ::core::stringify!($into),
+ "`].")]
+ ///
+ /// This conversion is allowed as it is always lossless. Prefer this over the `as`
+ /// keyword to ensure no lossy conversions are performed.
+ ///
+ /// This is for use from a `const` context. For non `const` use, prefer the [`FromAs`]
+ /// and [`IntoAs`] traits.
+ ///
+ /// # Examples
+ ///
+ /// ```
+ /// use crate::num;
+ ///
+ #[doc = ::core::concat!(
+ "assert_eq!(num::",
+ ::core::stringify!($from),
+ "_as_",
+ ::core::stringify!($into),
+ "(1",
+ ::core::stringify!($from),
+ "), 1",
+ ::core::stringify!($into),
+ ");")]
+ /// ```
+ #[allow(unused)]
+ pub(crate) const fn [<$from _as_ $into>](value: $from) -> $into {
+ kernel::static_assert!(size_of::<$into>() >= size_of::<$from>());
+
+ value as $into
+ }
+ }
+ )*
+ };
+}
+
+impl_lossless_as!(u8 as { u16, u32, u64, usize });
+impl_lossless_as!(u16 as { u32, u64, usize });
+impl_lossless_as!(u32 as { u64, usize } );
+// `u64` and `usize` have the same size on 64-bit platforms.
+#[cfg(CONFIG_64BIT)]
+impl_lossless_as!(u64 as { usize } );
+
+// A `usize` fits into a `u64` on 32 and 64-bit platforms.
+#[cfg(any(CONFIG_32BIT, CONFIG_64BIT))]
+impl_lossless_as!(usize as { u64 });
+
+// A `usize` fits into a `u32` on 32-bit platforms.
+#[cfg(CONFIG_32BIT)]
+impl_lossless_as!(usize as { u32 });
+
+/// Extension trait providing guaranteed lossless conversion to `Self` from `T`.
+///
+/// The standard library's `From` implementations do not cover conversions that are not portable or
+/// future-proof. For instance, even though it is safe today, `From<usize>` is not implemented for
+/// [`u64`] because of the possibility to support larger-than-64bit architectures in the future.
+///
+/// The workaround is to either deal with the error handling of [`TryFrom`] for an operation that
+/// technically cannot fail, or to use the `as` keyword, which can silently strip data if the
+/// destination type is smaller than the source.
+///
+/// Both options are hardly acceptable for the kernel. It is also a much more architecture
+/// dependent environment, supporting only 32 and 64 bit architectures, with some modules
+/// explicitly depending on a specific bus width that could greatly benefit from infallible
+/// conversion operations.
+///
+/// Thus this extension trait that provides, for the architecture the kernel is built for, safe
+/// conversion between types for which such conversion is lossless.
+///
+/// In other words, this trait is implemented if, for the current build target and with `t: T`, the
+/// `t as Self` operation is completely lossless.
+///
+/// Prefer this over the `as` keyword to ensure no lossy conversions are performed.
+///
+/// If you need to perform a conversion in `const` context, use [`u64_as_usize`],
+/// [`u32_as_usize`], [`usize_as_u64`], etc.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use crate::num::FromAs;
+///
+/// assert_eq!(usize::from_as(0xf00u32), 0xf00u32 as usize);
+/// ```
+pub(crate) trait FromAs<T> {
+ /// Create a `Self` from `value`. This operation is guaranteed to be lossless.
+ fn from_as(value: T) -> Self;
+}
+
+impl FromAs<usize> for u64 {
+ fn from_as(value: usize) -> Self {
+ usize_as_u64(value)
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(CONFIG_32BIT)]
+impl FromAs<usize> for u32 {
+ fn from_as(value: usize) -> Self {
+ usize_as_u32(value)
+ }
+}
+
+impl FromAs<u32> for usize {
+ fn from_as(value: u32) -> Self {
+ u32_as_usize(value)
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(CONFIG_64BIT)]
+impl FromAs<u64> for usize {
+ fn from_as(value: u64) -> Self {
+ u64_as_usize(value)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Counterpart to the [`FromAs`] trait, i.e. this trait is to [`FromAs`] what [`Into`] is to
+/// [`From`].
+///
+/// See the documentation of [`FromAs`] for the motivation.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use crate::num::IntoAs;
+///
+/// assert_eq!(0xf00u32.into_as(), 0xf00u32 as usize);
+/// ```
+pub(crate) trait IntoAs<T> {
+ /// Convert `self` into a `T`. This operation is guaranteed to be lossless.
+ fn into_as(self) -> T;
+}
+
+/// Reverse operation for types implementing [`FromAs`].
+impl<S, T> IntoAs<T> for S
+where
+ T: FromAs,
+{
+ fn into_as(self) -> T {
+ T::from_as(self)
+ }
+}

--
2.51.0