Re: [PATCH 4/8] rust: dma: introduce dma::CoherentInit for memory initialization

["Gary Guo" <gary@garyguo.net>]

On Tue Mar 3, 2026 at 4:22 PM GMT, Danilo Krummrich wrote:
> Currently, dma::Coherent cannot safely provide (mutable) access to its
> underlying memory because the memory might be concurrently accessed by a
> DMA device. This makes it difficult to safely initialize the memory
> before handing it over to the hardware.
>
> Introduce dma::CoherentInit, a type that encapsulates a dma::Coherent
> before its DMA address is exposed to the device. dma::CoherentInit can
> guarantee exclusive access to the inner dma::Coherent and implement
> Deref and DerefMut.
>
> Once the memory is properly initialized, dma::CoherentInit can be
> converted into a regular dma::Coherent.
>
> Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
> ---
>  rust/kernel/dma.rs | 153 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  1 file changed, 152 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>
> diff --git a/rust/kernel/dma.rs b/rust/kernel/dma.rs
> index 291fdea3b52b..79dd8717ac47 100644
> --- a/rust/kernel/dma.rs
> +++ b/rust/kernel/dma.rs
> @@ -20,7 +20,13 @@
>          FromBytes, //
>      }, //
>  };
> -use core::ptr::NonNull;
> +use core::{
> +    ops::{
> +        Deref,
> +        DerefMut, //
> +    },
> +    ptr::NonNull, //
> +};
>  
>  /// DMA address type.
>  ///
> @@ -352,6 +358,151 @@ fn from(direction: DataDirection) -> Self {
>      }
>  }
>  
> +/// Initializer type for [`Coherent`].
> +///
> +/// A [`Coherent`] object can't provide access to its memory as (mutable) slice safely, since it
> +/// can't fulfill the requirements for creating a slice. For instance, it is not valid to have a
> +/// (mutable) slice to of the memory of a [`Coherent`] while the memory might be accessed by a
> +/// device.
> +///
> +/// In contrast, this initializer type is able to fulfill the requirements to safely obtain a
> +/// (mutable) slice, as it neither provides access to the DMA address of the embedded [`Coherent`],
> +/// nor can it be used with the DMA projection accessors.
> +///
> +/// Once initialized, this type can be converted to a regular [`Coherent`] object.
> +///
> +/// # Examples
> +///
> +/// `CoherentInit<T>`:
> +///
> +/// ```
> +/// # use kernel::device::{
> +/// #     Bound,
> +/// #     Device,
> +/// # };
> +/// use kernel::dma::{attrs::*,
> +///     Coherent,
> +///     CoherentInit,
> +/// };
> +///
> +/// # fn test(dev: &Device<Bound>) -> Result {
> +/// let mut dmem: CoherentInit<u64> =
> +///     CoherentInit::zeroed_with_attrs(dev, GFP_KERNEL, DMA_ATTR_NO_WARN)?;
> +/// *dmem = 42;
> +/// let dmem: Coherent<u64> = dmem.into();
> +/// # Ok::<(), Error>(()) }
> +/// ```
> +///
> +/// `CoherentInit<[T]>`:
> +///
> +///
> +/// ```
> +/// # use kernel::device::{
> +/// #     Bound,
> +/// #     Device,
> +/// # };
> +/// use kernel::dma::{attrs::*,
> +///     Coherent,
> +///     CoherentInit,
> +/// };
> +///
> +/// # fn test(dev: &Device<Bound>) -> Result {
> +/// let mut dmem: CoherentInit<[u64]> =
> +///     CoherentInit::zeroed_slice_with_attrs(dev, 4, GFP_KERNEL, DMA_ATTR_NO_WARN)?;
> +/// dmem.fill(42);
> +/// let dmem: Coherent<[u64]> = dmem.into();
> +/// # Ok::<(), Error>(()) }
> +/// ```
> +pub struct CoherentInit<T: AsBytes + FromBytes + KnownSize + ?Sized>(Coherent<T>);
> +
> +impl<T: AsBytes + FromBytes> CoherentInit<[T]> {
> +    /// Initializer variant of [`Coherent::zeroed_slice_with_attrs`].
> +    pub fn zeroed_slice_with_attrs(
> +        dev: &device::Device<Bound>,
> +        count: usize,
> +        gfp_flags: kernel::alloc::Flags,
> +        dma_attrs: Attrs,
> +    ) -> Result<Self> {
> +        Coherent::zeroed_slice_with_attrs(dev, count, gfp_flags, dma_attrs).map(Self)
> +    }
> +
> +    /// Same as [CoherentInit::zeroed_slice_with_attrs], but with `dma::Attrs(0)`.
> +    pub fn zeroed_slice(
> +        dev: &device::Device<Bound>,
> +        count: usize,
> +        gfp_flags: kernel::alloc::Flags,
> +    ) -> Result<Self> {
> +        Self::zeroed_slice_with_attrs(dev, count, gfp_flags, Attrs(0))
> +    }
> +
> +    /// Initializes the element at `i` using the given initializer.
> +    ///
> +    /// Returns `EINVAL` if `i` is out of bounds.
> +    pub fn init_at<E>(&mut self, i: usize, init: impl Init<T, E>) -> Result
> +    where
> +        Error: From<E>,
> +    {
> +        if i >= self.0.len() {
> +            return Err(EINVAL);
> +        }
> +
> +        let ptr = core::ptr::from_mut(&mut self[i]);
> +
> +        // SAFETY:
> +        // - `ptr` is valid, properly aligned, and within this allocation.
> +        // - `T: AsBytes + FromBytes` guarantees all bit patterns are valid, so partial writes on
> +        //   error cannot leave the element in an invalid state.
> +        // - The DMA address has not been exposed yet, so there is no concurrent device access.
> +        unsafe { init.__init(ptr)? };
> +
> +        Ok(())
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +impl<T: AsBytes + FromBytes> CoherentInit<T> {
> +    /// Same as [`CoherentInit::zeroed_slice_with_attrs`], but for a single element.
> +    pub fn zeroed_with_attrs(
> +        dev: &device::Device<Bound>,
> +        gfp_flags: kernel::alloc::Flags,
> +        dma_attrs: Attrs,
> +    ) -> Result<Self> {
> +        Coherent::zeroed_with_attrs(dev, gfp_flags, dma_attrs).map(Self)
> +    }
> +
> +    /// Same as [`CoherentInit::zeroed_slice`], but for a single element.
> +    pub fn zeroed(dev: &device::Device<Bound>, gfp_flags: kernel::alloc::Flags) -> Result<Self> {
> +        Self::zeroed_with_attrs(dev, gfp_flags, Attrs(0))
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +impl<T: AsBytes + FromBytes + KnownSize + ?Sized> Deref for CoherentInit<T> {
> +    type Target = T;
> +

The deref impls should be `#[inline]`.

Some other methods could be as well.

Best,
Gary

> +    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
> +        // SAFETY:
> +        // - We have not exposed the DMA address yet, so there can't be any concurrent access by a
> +        //   device.
> +        // - We have exclusive access to `self.0`.
> +        unsafe { self.0.as_ref() }
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +impl<T: AsBytes + FromBytes + KnownSize + ?Sized> DerefMut for CoherentInit<T> {
> +    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
> +        // SAFETY:
> +        // - We have not exposed the DMA address yet, so there can't be any concurrent access by a
> +        //   device.
> +        // - We have exclusive access to `self.0`.
> +        unsafe { self.0.as_mut() }
> +    }
> +}
> +
> +impl<T: AsBytes + FromBytes + KnownSize + ?Sized> From<CoherentInit<T>> for Coherent<T> {
> +    fn from(value: CoherentInit<T>) -> Self {
> +        value.0
> +    }
> +}
> +
>  /// An abstraction of the `dma_alloc_coherent` API.
>  ///
>  /// This is an abstraction around the `dma_alloc_coherent` API which is used to allocate and map