Re: [PATCH v2 7/9] docs: driver-api: Add Surface Aggregator subsystem documentation

Hans de Goede
2020-12-15T16:28:34Z

Hi,

On 12/3/20 10:26 PM, Maximilian Luz wrote:
> Add documentation for the Surface Aggregator subsystem and its client
> drivers, giving an overview of the subsystem, its use-cases, its
> internal structure and internal API, as well as its external API for
> writing client drivers.
>
> Signed-off-by: Maximilian Luz <luzmaximilian@gmail.com>

Thanks, patch looks good to me:

Reviewed-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>

Regards,

Hans

> ---
>
> Changes in v1 (from RFC):
> - change SPDX identifier to GPL-2.0+ (was GPL-2.0-or-later)
> - fix typos
>
> Changes in v2:
> - add architectural overview for core driver internals
> - reorder chapters
> - improve wording
>
> ---
> Documentation/driver-api/index.rst | 1 +
> .../surface_aggregator/client-api.rst | 38 ++
> .../driver-api/surface_aggregator/client.rst | 393 ++++++++++++
> .../surface_aggregator/clients/index.rst | 10 +
> .../driver-api/surface_aggregator/index.rst | 21 +
> .../surface_aggregator/internal-api.rst | 67 ++
> .../surface_aggregator/internal.rst | 577 ++++++++++++++++++
> .../surface_aggregator/overview.rst | 77 +++
> .../driver-api/surface_aggregator/ssh.rst | 344 +++++++++++
> MAINTAINERS | 1 +
> 10 files changed, 1529 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/client-api.rst
> create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/client.rst
> create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/clients/index.rst
> create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/index.rst
> create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/internal-api.rst
> create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/internal.rst
> create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/overview.rst
> create mode 100644 Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/ssh.rst
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
> index f357f3eb400c..699dc7cac0fb 100644
> --- a/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/index.rst
> @@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ available subsections can be seen below.
> rfkill
> serial/index
> sm501
> + surface_aggregator/index
> switchtec
> sync_file
> vfio-mediated-device
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/client-api.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/client-api.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..8e0b000d0e64
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/client-api.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +
> +===============================
> +Client Driver API Documentation
> +===============================
> +
> +.. contents::
> + :depth: 2
> +
> +
> +Serial Hub Communication
> +========================
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/surface_aggregator/serial_hub.h
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/ssh_packet_layer.c
> + :export:
> +
> +
> +Controller and Core Interface
> +=============================
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/surface_aggregator/controller.h
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/controller.c
> + :export:
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/core.c
> + :export:
> +
> +
> +Client Bus and Client Device API
> +================================
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/surface_aggregator/device.h
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/bus.c
> + :export:
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/client.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/client.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..26d13085a117
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/client.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +
> +.. |ssam_controller| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_controller <ssam_controller>`
> +.. |ssam_device| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_device <ssam_device>`
> +.. |ssam_device_driver| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_device_driver <ssam_device_driver>`
> +.. |ssam_client_bind| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_client_bind`
> +.. |ssam_client_link| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_client_link`
> +.. |ssam_get_controller| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_get_controller`
> +.. |ssam_controller_get| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_controller_get`
> +.. |ssam_controller_put| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_controller_put`
> +.. |ssam_device_alloc| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_device_alloc`
> +.. |ssam_device_add| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_device_add`
> +.. |ssam_device_remove| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_device_remove`
> +.. |ssam_device_driver_register| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_device_driver_register`
> +.. |ssam_device_driver_unregister| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_device_driver_unregister`
> +.. |module_ssam_device_driver| replace:: :c:func:`module_ssam_device_driver`
> +.. |SSAM_DEVICE| replace:: :c:func:`SSAM_DEVICE`
> +.. |ssam_notifier_register| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_notifier_register`
> +.. |ssam_notifier_unregister| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_notifier_unregister`
> +.. |ssam_request_sync| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_request_sync`
> +.. |ssam_event_mask| replace:: :c:type:`enum ssam_event_mask <ssam_event_mask>`
> +
> +
> +======================
> +Writing Client Drivers
> +======================
> +
> +For the API documentation, refer to:
> +
> +.. toctree::
> + :maxdepth: 2
> +
> + client-api
> +
> +
> +Overview
> +========
> +
> +Client drivers can be set up in two main ways, depending on how the
> +corresponding device is made available to the system. We specifically
> +differentiate between devices that are presented to the system via one of
> +the conventional ways, e.g. as platform devices via ACPI, and devices that
> +are non-discoverable and instead need to be explicitly provided by some
> +other mechanism, as discussed further below.
> +
> +
> +Non-SSAM Client Drivers
> +=======================
> +
> +All communication with the SAM EC is handled via the |ssam_controller|
> +representing that EC to the kernel. Drivers targeting a non-SSAM device (and
> +thus not being a |ssam_device_driver|) need to explicitly establish a
> +connection/relation to that controller. This can be done via the
> +|ssam_client_bind| function. Said function returns a reference to the SSAM
> +controller, but, more importantly, also establishes a device link between
> +client device and controller (this can also be done separate via
> +|ssam_client_link|). It is important to do this, as it, first, guarantees
> +that the returned controller is valid for use in the client driver for as
> +long as this driver is bound to its device, i.e. that the driver gets
> +unbound before the controller ever becomes invalid, and, second, as it
> +ensures correct suspend/resume ordering. This setup should be done in the
> +driver's probe function, and may be used to defer probing in case the SSAM
> +subsystem is not ready yet, for example:
> +
> +.. code-block:: c
> +
> + static int client_driver_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
> + {
> + struct ssam_controller *ctrl;
> +
> + ctrl = ssam_client_bind(&pdev->dev);
> + if (IS_ERR(ctrl))
> + return PTR_ERR(ctrl) == -ENODEV ? -EPROBE_DEFER : PTR_ERR(ctrl);
> +
> + // ...
> +
> + return 0;
> + }
> +
> +The controller may be separately obtained via |ssam_get_controller| and its
> +lifetime be guaranteed via |ssam_controller_get| and |ssam_controller_put|.
> +Note that none of these functions, however, guarantee that the controller
> +will not be shut down or suspended. These functions essentially only operate
> +on the reference, i.e. only guarantee a bare minimum of accessibility
> +without any guarantees at all on practical operability.
> +
> +
> +Adding SSAM Devices
> +===================
> +
> +If a device does not already exist/is not already provided via conventional
> +means, it should be provided as |ssam_device| via the SSAM client device
> +hub. New devices can be added to this hub by entering their UID into the
> +corresponding registry. SSAM devices can also be manually allocated via
> +|ssam_device_alloc|, subsequently to which they have to be added via
> +|ssam_device_add| and eventually removed via |ssam_device_remove|. By
> +default, the parent of the device is set to the controller device provided
> +for allocation, however this may be changed before the device is added. Note
> +that, when changing the parent device, care must be taken to ensure that the
> +controller lifetime and suspend/resume ordering guarantees, in the default
> +setup provided through the parent-child relation, are preserved. If
> +necessary, by use of |ssam_client_link| as is done for non-SSAM client
> +drivers and described in more detail above.
> +
> +A client device must always be removed by the party which added the
> +respective device before the controller shuts down. Such removal can be
> +guaranteed by linking the driver providing the SSAM device to the controller
> +via |ssam_client_link|, causing it to unbind before the controller driver
> +unbinds. Client devices registered with the controller as parent are
> +automatically removed when the controller shuts down, but this should not be
> +relied upon, especially as this does not extend to client devices with a
> +different parent.
> +
> +
> +SSAM Client Drivers
> +===================
> +
> +SSAM client device drivers are, in essence, no different than other device
> +driver types. They are represented via |ssam_device_driver| and bind to a
> +|ssam_device| via its UID (:c:type:`struct ssam_device.uid <ssam_device>`)
> +member and the match table
> +(:c:type:`struct ssam_device_driver.match_table <ssam_device_driver>`),
> +which should be set when declaring the driver struct instance. Refer to the
> +|SSAM_DEVICE| macro documentation for more details on how to define members
> +of the driver's match table.
> +
> +The UID for SSAM client devices consists of a ``domain``, a ``category``,
> +a ``target``, an ``instance``, and a ``function``. The ``domain`` is used
> +differentiate between physical SAM devices
> +(:c:type:`SSAM_DOMAIN_SERIALHUB <ssam_device_domain>`), i.e. devices that can
> +be accessed via the Surface Serial Hub, and virtual ones
> +(:c:type:`SSAM_DOMAIN_VIRTUAL <ssam_device_domain>`), such as client-device
> +hubs, that have no real representation on the SAM EC and are solely used on
> +the kernel/driver-side. For physical devices, ``category`` represents the
> +target category, ``target`` the target ID, and ``instance`` the instance ID
> +used to access the physical SAM device. In addition, ``function`` references
> +a specific device functionality, but has no meaning to the SAM EC. The
> +(default) name of a client device is generated based on its UID.
> +
> +A driver instance can be registered via |ssam_device_driver_register| and
> +unregistered via |ssam_device_driver_unregister|. For convenience, the
> +|module_ssam_device_driver| macro may be used to define module init- and
> +exit-functions registering the driver.
> +
> +The controller associated with a SSAM client device can be found in its
> +:c:type:`struct ssam_device.ctrl <ssam_device>` member. This reference is
> +guaranteed to be valid for at least as long as the client driver is bound,
> +but should also be valid for as long as the client device exists. Note,
> +however, that access outside of the bound client driver must ensure that the
> +controller device is not suspended while making any requests or
> +(un-)registering event notifiers (and thus should generally be avoided). This
> +is guaranteed when the controller is accessed from inside the bound client
> +driver.
> +
> +
> +Making Synchronous Requests
> +===========================
> +
> +Synchronous requests are (currently) the main form of host-initiated
> +communication with the EC. There are a couple of ways to define and execute
> +such requests, however, most of them boil down to something similar as shown
> +in the example below. This example defines a write-read request, meaning
> +that the caller provides an argument to the SAM EC and receives a response.
> +The caller needs to know the (maximum) length of the response payload and
> +provide a buffer for it.
> +
> +Care must be taken to ensure that any command payload data passed to the SAM
> +EC is provided in little-endian format and, similarly, any response payload
> +data received from it is converted from little-endian to host endianness.
> +
> +.. code-block:: c
> +
> + int perform_request(struct ssam_controller *ctrl, u32 arg, u32 *ret)
> + {
> + struct ssam_request rqst;
> + struct ssam_response resp;
> + int status;
> +
> + /* Convert request argument to little-endian. */
> + __le32 arg_le = cpu_to_le32(arg);
> + __le32 ret_le = cpu_to_le32(0);
> +
> + /*
> + * Initialize request specification. Replace this with your values.
> + * The rqst.payload field may be NULL if rqst.length is zero,
> + * indicating that the request does not have any argument.
> + *
> + * Note: The request parameters used here are not valid, i.e.
> + * they do not correspond to an actual SAM/EC request.
> + */
> + rqst.target_category = SSAM_SSH_TC_SAM;
> + rqst.target_id = 0x01;
> + rqst.command_id = 0x02;
> + rqst.instance_id = 0x03;
> + rqst.flags = SSAM_REQUEST_HAS_RESPONSE;
> + rqst.length = sizeof(arg_le);
> + rqst.payload = (u8 *)&arg_le;
> +
> + /* Initialize request response. */
> + resp.capacity = sizeof(ret_le);
> + resp.length = 0;
> + resp.pointer = (u8 *)&ret_le;
> +
> + /*
> + * Perform actual request. The response pointer may be null in case
> + * the request does not have any response. This must be consistent
> + * with the SSAM_REQUEST_HAS_RESPONSE flag set in the specification
> + * above.
> + */
> + status = ssam_request_sync(ctrl, &rqst, &resp);
> +
> + /*
> + * Alternatively use
> + *
> + * ssam_request_sync_onstack(ctrl, &rqst, &resp, sizeof(arg_le));
> + *
> + * to perform the request, allocating the message buffer directly
> + * on the stack as opposed to allocation via kzalloc().
> + */
> +
> + /*
> + * Convert request response back to native format. Note that in the
> + * error case, this value is not touched by the SSAM core, i.e.
> + * 'ret_le' will be zero as specified in its initialization.
> + */
> + *ret = le32_to_cpu(ret_le);
> +
> + return status;
> + }
> +
> +Note that |ssam_request_sync| in its essence is a wrapper over lower-level
> +request primitives, which may also be used to perform requests. Refer to its
> +implementation and documentation for more details.
> +
> +An arguably more user-friendly way of defining such functions is by using
> +one of the generator macros, for example via:
> +
> +.. code-block:: c
> +
> + SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_W(__ssam_tmp_perf_mode_set, __le32, {
> + .target_category = SSAM_SSH_TC_TMP,
> + .target_id = 0x01,
> + .command_id = 0x03,
> + .instance_id = 0x00,
> + });
> +
> +This example defines a function
> +
> +.. code-block:: c
> +
> + int __ssam_tmp_perf_mode_set(struct ssam_controller *ctrl, const __le32 *arg);
> +
> +executing the specified request, with the controller passed in when calling
> +said function. In this example, the argument is provided via the ``arg``
> +pointer. Note that the generated function allocates the message buffer on
> +the stack. Thus, if the argument provided via the request is large, these
> +kinds of macros should be avoided. Also note that, in contrast to the
> +previous non-macro example, this function does not do any endianness
> +conversion, which has to be handled by the caller. Apart from those
> +differences the function generated by the macro is similar to the one
> +provided in the non-macro example above.
> +
> +The full list of such function-generating macros is
> +
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_N` for requests without return value and
> + without argument.
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_R` for requests with return value but no
> + argument.
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_W` for requests without return value but
> + with argument.
> +
> +Refer to their respective documentation for more details. For each one of
> +these macros, a special variant is provided, which targets request types
> +applicable to multiple instances of the same device type:
> +
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_MD_N`
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_MD_R`
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_MD_W`
> +
> +The difference of those macros to the previously mentioned versions is, that
> +the device target and instance IDs are not fixed for the generated function,
> +but instead have to be provided by the caller of said function.
> +
> +Additionally, variants for direct use with client devices, i.e.
> +|ssam_device|, are also provided. These can, for example, be used as
> +follows:
> +
> +.. code-block:: c
> +
> + SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_CL_R(ssam_bat_get_sta, __le32, {
> + .target_category = SSAM_SSH_TC_BAT,
> + .command_id = 0x01,
> + });
> +
> +This invocation of the macro defines a function
> +
> +.. code-block:: c
> +
> + int ssam_bat_get_sta(struct ssam_device *sdev, __le32 *ret);
> +
> +executing the specified request, using the device IDs and controller given
> +in the client device. The full list of such macros for client devices is:
> +
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_CL_N`
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_CL_R`
> +- :c:func:`SSAM_DEFINE_SYNC_REQUEST_CL_W`
> +
> +
> +Handling Events
> +===============
> +
> +To receive events from the SAM EC, an event notifier must be registered for
> +the desired event via |ssam_notifier_register|. The notifier must be
> +unregistered via |ssam_notifier_unregister| once it is not required any
> +more.
> +
> +Event notifiers are registered by providing (at minimum) a callback to call
> +in case an event has been received, the registry specifying how the event
> +should be enabled, an event ID specifying for which target category and,
> +optionally and depending on the registry used, for which instance ID events
> +should be enabled, and finally, flags describing how the EC will send these
> +events. If the specific registry does not enable events by instance ID, the
> +instance ID must be set to zero. Additionally, a priority for the respective
> +notifier may be specified, which determines its order in relation to any
> +other notifier registered for the same target category.
> +
> +By default, event notifiers will receive all events for the specific target
> +category, regardless of the instance ID specified when registering the
> +notifier. The core may be instructed to only call a notifier if the target
> +ID or instance ID (or both) of the event match the ones implied by the
> +notifier IDs (in case of target ID, the target ID of the registry), by
> +providing an event mask (see |ssam_event_mask|).
> +
> +In general, the target ID of the registry is also the target ID of the
> +enabled event (with the notable exception being keyboard input events on the
> +Surface Laptop 1 and 2, which are enabled via a registry with target ID 1,
> +but provide events with target ID 2).
> +
> +A full example for registering an event notifier and handling received
> +events is provided below:
> +
> +.. code-block:: c
> +
> + u32 notifier_callback(struct ssam_event_notifier *nf,
> + const struct ssam_event *event)
> + {
> + int status = ...
> +
> + /* Handle the event here ... */
> +
> + /* Convert return value and indicate that we handled the event. */
> + return ssam_notifier_from_errno(status) | SSAM_NOTIF_HANDLED;
> + }
> +
> + int setup_notifier(struct ssam_device *sdev,
> + struct ssam_event_notifier *nf)
> + {
> + /* Set priority wrt. other handlers of same target category. */
> + nf->base.priority = 1;
> +
> + /* Set event/notifier callback. */
> + nf->base.fn = notifier_callback;
> +
> + /* Specify event registry, i.e. how events get enabled/disabled. */
> + nf->event.reg = SSAM_EVENT_REGISTRY_KIP;
> +
> + /* Specify which event to enable/disable */
> + nf->event.id.target_category = sdev->uid.category;
> + nf->event.id.instance = sdev->uid.instance;
> +
> + /*
> + * Specify for which events the notifier callback gets executed.
> + * This essentially tells the core if it can skip notifiers that
> + * don't have target or instance IDs matching those of the event.
> + */
> + nf->event.mask = SSAM_EVENT_MASK_STRICT;
> +
> + /* Specify event flags. */
> + nf->event.flags = SSAM_EVENT_SEQUENCED;
> +
> + return ssam_notifier_register(sdev->ctrl, nf);
> + }
> +
> +Multiple event notifiers can be registered for the same event. The event
> +handler core takes care of enabling and disabling events when notifiers are
> +registered and unregistered, by keeping track of how many notifiers for a
> +specific event (combination of registry, event target category, and event
> +instance ID) are currently registered. This means that a specific event will
> +be enabled when the first notifier for it is being registered and disabled
> +when the last notifier for it is being unregistered. Note that the event
> +flags are therefore only used on the first registered notifier, however, one
> +should take care that notifiers for a specific event are always registered
> +with the same flag and it is considered a bug to do otherwise.
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/clients/index.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/clients/index.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..31e026d96102
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/clients/index.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +
> +===========================
> +Client Driver Documentation
> +===========================
> +
> +This is the documentation for client drivers themselves. Refer to
> +:doc:`../client` for documentation on how to write client drivers.
> +
> +.. Place documentation for individual client drivers here.
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/index.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/index.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..6f3e1094904d
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/index.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +
> +=======================================
> +Surface System Aggregator Module (SSAM)
> +=======================================
> +
> +.. toctree::
> + :maxdepth: 2
> +
> + overview
> + client
> + clients/index
> + ssh
> + internal
> +
> +.. only:: subproject and html
> +
> + Indices
> + =======
> +
> + * :ref:`genindex`
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/internal-api.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/internal-api.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..639a67b5a392
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/internal-api.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +
> +==========================
> +Internal API Documentation
> +==========================
> +
> +.. contents::
> + :depth: 2
> +
> +
> +Packet Transport Layer
> +======================
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/ssh_parser.h
> + :internal:
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/ssh_parser.c
> + :internal:
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/ssh_msgb.h
> + :internal:
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/ssh_packet_layer.h
> + :internal:
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/ssh_packet_layer.c
> + :internal:
> +
> +
> +Request Transport Layer
> +=======================
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/ssh_request_layer.h
> + :internal:
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/ssh_request_layer.c
> + :internal:
> +
> +
> +Controller
> +==========
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/controller.h
> + :internal:
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/controller.c
> + :internal:
> +
> +
> +Client Device Bus
> +=================
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/bus.c
> + :internal:
> +
> +
> +Core
> +====
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/core.c
> + :internal:
> +
> +
> +Trace Helpers
> +=============
> +
> +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/trace.h
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/internal.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/internal.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..72704734982a
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/internal.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +
> +.. |ssh_ptl| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssh_ptl <ssh_ptl>`
> +.. |ssh_ptl_submit| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_ptl_submit`
> +.. |ssh_ptl_cancel| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_ptl_cancel`
> +.. |ssh_ptl_shutdown| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_ptl_shutdown`
> +.. |ssh_ptl_rx_rcvbuf| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_ptl_rx_rcvbuf`
> +.. |ssh_rtl| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssh_rtl <ssh_rtl>`
> +.. |ssh_rtl_submit| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_rtl_submit`
> +.. |ssh_rtl_cancel| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_rtl_cancel`
> +.. |ssh_rtl_shutdown| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_rtl_shutdown`
> +.. |ssh_packet| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssh_packet <ssh_packet>`
> +.. |ssh_packet_get| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_packet_get`
> +.. |ssh_packet_put| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_packet_put`
> +.. |ssh_packet_ops| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssh_packet_ops <ssh_packet_ops>`
> +.. |ssh_packet_base_priority| replace:: :c:type:`enum ssh_packet_base_priority <ssh_packet_base_priority>`
> +.. |ssh_packet_flags| replace:: :c:type:`enum ssh_packet_flags <ssh_packet_flags>`
> +.. |SSH_PACKET_PRIORITY| replace:: :c:func:`SSH_PACKET_PRIORITY`
> +.. |ssh_frame| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssh_frame <ssh_frame>`
> +.. |ssh_command| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssh_command <ssh_command>`
> +.. |ssh_request| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssh_request <ssh_request>`
> +.. |ssh_request_get| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_request_get`
> +.. |ssh_request_put| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_request_put`
> +.. |ssh_request_ops| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssh_request_ops <ssh_request_ops>`
> +.. |ssh_request_init| replace:: :c:func:`ssh_request_init`
> +.. |ssh_request_flags| replace:: :c:type:`enum ssh_request_flags <ssh_request_flags>`
> +.. |ssam_controller| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_controller <ssam_controller>`
> +.. |ssam_device| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_device <ssam_device>`
> +.. |ssam_device_driver| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_device_driver <ssam_device_driver>`
> +.. |ssam_client_bind| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_client_bind`
> +.. |ssam_client_link| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_client_link`
> +.. |ssam_request_sync| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_request_sync <ssam_request_sync>`
> +.. |ssam_event_registry| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_event_registry <ssam_event_registry>`
> +.. |ssam_event_id| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_event_id <ssam_event_id>`
> +.. |ssam_nf| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_nf <ssam_nf>`
> +.. |ssam_nf_refcount_inc| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_nf_refcount_inc`
> +.. |ssam_nf_refcount_dec| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_nf_refcount_dec`
> +.. |ssam_notifier_register| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_notifier_register`
> +.. |ssam_notifier_unregister| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_notifier_unregister`
> +.. |ssam_cplt| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_cplt <ssam_cplt>`
> +.. |ssam_event_queue| replace:: :c:type:`struct ssam_event_queue <ssam_event_queue>`
> +.. |ssam_request_sync_submit| replace:: :c:func:`ssam_request_sync_submit`
> +
> +=====================
> +Core Driver Internals
> +=====================
> +
> +Architectural overview of the Surface System Aggregator Module (SSAM) core
> +and Surface Serial Hub (SSH) driver. For the API documentation, refer to:
> +
> +.. toctree::
> + :maxdepth: 2
> +
> + internal-api
> +
> +
> +Overview
> +========
> +
> +The SSAM core implementation is structured in layers, somewhat following the
> +SSH protocol structure:
> +
> +Lower-level packet transport is implemented in the *packet transport layer
> +(PTL)*, directly building on top of the serial device (serdev)
> +infrastructure of the kernel. As the name indicates, this layer deals with
> +the packet transport logic and handles things like packet validation, packet
> +acknowledgment (ACKing), packet (retransmission) timeouts, and relaying
> +packet payloads to higher-level layers.
> +
> +Above this sits the *request transport layer (RTL)*. This layer is centered
> +around command-type packet payloads, i.e. requests (sent from host to EC),
> +responses of the EC to those requests, and events (sent from EC to host).
> +It, specifically, distinguishes events from request responses, matches
> +responses to their corresponding requests, and implements request timeouts.
> +
> +The *controller* layer is building on top of this and essentially decides
> +how request responses and, especially, events are dealt with. It provides an
> +event notifier system, handles event activation/deactivation, provides a
> +workqueue for event and asynchronous request completion, and also manages
> +the message counters required for building command messages (``SEQ``,
> +``RQID``). This layer basically provides a fundamental interface to the SAM
> +EC for use in other kernel drivers.
> +
> +While the controller layer already provides an interface for other kernel
> +drivers, the client *bus* extends this interface to provide support for
> +native SSAM devices, i.e. devices that are not defined in ACPI and not
> +implemented as platform devices, via |ssam_device| and |ssam_device_driver|
> +simplify management of client devices and client drivers.
> +
> +Refer to :doc:`client` for documentation regarding the client device/driver
> +API and interface options for other kernel drivers. It is recommended to
> +familiarize oneself with that chapter and the :doc:`ssh` before continuing
> +with the architectural overview below.
> +
> +
> +Packet Transport Layer
> +======================
> +
> +The packet transport layer is represented via |ssh_ptl| and is structured
> +around the following key concepts:
> +
> +Packets
> +-------
> +
> +Packets are the fundamental transmission unit of the SSH protocol. They are
> +managed by the packet transport layer, which is essentially the lowest layer
> +of the driver and is built upon by other components of the SSAM core.
> +Packets to be transmitted by the SSAM core are represented via |ssh_packet|
> +(in contrast, packets received by the core do not have any specific
> +structure and are managed entirely via the raw |ssh_frame|).
> +
> +This structure contains the required fields to manage the packet inside the
> +transport layer, as well as a reference to the buffer containing the data to
> +be transmitted (i.e. the message wrapped in |ssh_frame|). Most notably, it
> +contains an internal reference count, which is used for managing its
> +lifetime (accessible via |ssh_packet_get| and |ssh_packet_put|). When this
> +counter reaches zero, the ``release()`` callback provided to the packet via
> +its |ssh_packet_ops| reference is executed, which may then deallocate the
> +packet or its enclosing structure (e.g. |ssh_request|).
> +
> +In addition to the ``release`` callback, the |ssh_packet_ops| reference also
> +provides a ``complete()`` callback, which is run once the packet has been
> +completed and provides the status of this completion, i.e. zero on success
> +or a negative errno value in case of an error. Once the packet has been
> +submitted to the packet transport layer, the ``complete()`` callback is
> +always guaranteed to be executed before the ``release()`` callback, i.e. the
> +packet will always be completed, either successfully, with an error, or due
> +to cancellation, before it will be released.
> +
> +The state of a packet is managed via its ``state`` flags
> +(|ssh_packet_flags|), which also contains the packet type. In particular,
> +the following bits are noteworthy:
> +
> +* ``SSH_PACKET_SF_LOCKED_BIT``: This bit is set when completion, either
> + through error or success, is imminent. It indicates that no further
> + references of the packet should be taken and any existing references
> + should be dropped as soon as possible. The process setting this bit is
> + responsible for removing any references to this packet from the packet
> + queue and pending set.
> +
> +* ``SSH_PACKET_SF_COMPLETED_BIT``: This bit is set by the process running the
> + ``complete()`` callback and is used to ensure that this callback only runs
> + once.
> +
> +* ``SSH_PACKET_SF_QUEUED_BIT``: This bit is set when the packet is queued on
> + the packet queue and cleared when it is dequeued.
> +
> +* ``SSH_PACKET_SF_PENDING_BIT``: This bit is set when the packet is added to
> + the pending set and cleared when it is removed from it.
> +
> +Packet Queue
> +------------
> +
> +The packet queue is the first of the two fundamental collections in the
> +packet transport layer. It is a priority queue, with priority of the
> +respective packets based on the packet type (major) and number of tries
> +(minor). See |SSH_PACKET_PRIORITY| for more details on the priority value.
> +
> +All packets to be transmitted by the transport layer must be submitted to
> +this queue via |ssh_ptl_submit|. Note that this includes control packets
> +sent by the transport layer itself. Internally, data packets can be
> +re-submitted to this queue due to timeouts or NAK packets sent by the EC.
> +
> +Pending Set
> +-----------
> +
> +The pending set is the second of the two fundamental collections in the
> +packet transport layer. It stores references to packets that have already
> +been transmitted, but wait for acknowledgment (e.g. the corresponding ACK
> +packet) by the EC.
> +
> +Note that a packet may both be pending and queued if it has been
> +re-submitted due to a packet acknowledgment timeout or NAK. On such a
> +re-submission, packets are not removed from the pending set.
> +
> +Transmitter Thread
> +------------------
> +
> +The transmitter thread is responsible for most of the actual work regarding
> +packet transmission. In each iteration, it (waits for and) checks if the
> +next packet on the queue (if any) can be transmitted and, if so, removes it
> +from the queue and increments its counter for the number of transmission
> +attempts, i.e. tries. If the packet is sequenced, i.e. requires an ACK by
> +the EC, the packet is added to the pending set. Next, the packet's data is
> +submitted to the serdev subsystem. In case of an error or timeout during
> +this submission, the packet is completed by the transmitter thread with the
> +status value of the callback set accordingly. In case the packet is
> +unsequenced, i.e. does not require an ACK by the EC, the packet is completed
> +with success on the transmitter thread.
> +
> +Transmission of sequenced packets is limited by the number of concurrently
> +pending packets, i.e. a limit on how many packets may be waiting for an ACK
> +from the EC in parallel. This limit is currently set to one (see :doc:`ssh`
> +for the reasoning behind this). Control packets (i.e. ACK and NAK) can
> +always be transmitted.
> +
> +Receiver Thread
> +---------------
> +
> +Any data received from the EC is put into a FIFO buffer for further
> +processing. This processing happens on the receiver thread. The receiver
> +thread parses and validates the received message into its |ssh_frame| and
> +corresponding payload. It prepares and submits the necessary ACK (and on
> +validation error or invalid data NAK) packets for the received messages.
> +
> +This thread also handles further processing, such as matching ACK messages
> +to the corresponding pending packet (via sequence ID) and completing it, as
> +well as initiating re-submission of all currently pending packets on
> +receival of a NAK message (re-submission in case of a NAK is similar to
> +re-submission due to timeout, see below for more details on that). Note that
> +the successful completion of a sequenced packet will always run on the
> +receiver thread (whereas any failure-indicating completion will run on the
> +process where the failure occurred).
> +
> +Any payload data is forwarded via a callback to the next upper layer, i.e.
> +the request transport layer.
> +
> +Timeout Reaper
> +--------------
> +
> +The packet acknowledgment timeout is a per-packet timeout for sequenced
> +packets, started when the respective packet begins (re-)transmission (i.e.
> +this timeout is armed once per transmission attempt on the transmitter
> +thread). It is used to trigger re-submission or, when the number of tries
> +has been exceeded, cancellation of the packet in question.
> +
> +This timeout is handled via a dedicated reaper task, which is essentially a
> +work item (re-)scheduled to run when the next packet is set to time out. The
> +work item then checks the set of pending packets for any packets that have
> +exceeded the timeout and, if there are any remaining packets, re-schedules
> +itself to the next appropriate point in time.
> +
> +If a timeout has been detected by the reaper, the packet will either be
> +re-submitted if it still has some remaining tries left, or completed with
> +``-ETIMEDOUT`` as status if not. Note that re-submission, in this case and
> +triggered by receival of a NAK, means that the packet is added to the queue
> +with a now incremented number of tries, yielding a higher priority. The
> +timeout for the packet will be disabled until the next transmission attempt
> +and the packet remains on the pending set.
> +
> +Note that due to transmission and packet acknowledgment timeouts, the packet
> +transport layer is always guaranteed to make progress, if only through
> +timing out packets, and will never fully block.
> +
> +Concurrency and Locking
> +-----------------------
> +
> +There are two main locks in the packet transport layer: One guarding access
> +to the packet queue and one guarding access to the pending set. These
> +collections may only be accessed and modified under the respective lock. If
> +access to both collections is needed, the pending lock must be acquired
> +before the queue lock to avoid deadlocks.
> +
> +In addition to guarding the collections, after initial packet submission
> +certain packet fields may only be accessed under one of the locks.
> +Specifically, the packet priority must only be accessed while holding the
> +queue lock and the packet timestamp must only be accessed while holding the
> +pending lock.
> +
> +Other parts of the packet transport layer are guarded independently. State
> +flags are managed by atomic bit operations and, if necessary, memory
> +barriers. Modifications to the timeout reaper work item and expiration date
> +are guarded by their own lock.
> +
> +The reference of the packet to the packet transport layer (``ptl``) is
> +somewhat special. It is either set when the upper layer request is submitted
> +or, if there is none, when the packet is first submitted. After it is set,
> +it will not change its value. Functions that may run concurrently with
> +submission, i.e. cancellation, can not rely on the ``ptl`` reference to be
> +set. Access to it in these functions is guarded by ``READ_ONCE()``, whereas
> +setting ``ptl`` is equally guarded with ``WRITE_ONCE()`` for symmetry.
> +
> +Some packet fields may be read outside of the respective locks guarding
> +them, specifically priority and state for tracing. In those cases, proper
> +access is ensured by employing ``WRITE_ONCE()`` and ``READ_ONCE()``. Such
> +read-only access is only allowed when stale values are not critical.
> +
> +With respect to the interface for higher layers, packet submission
> +(|ssh_ptl_submit|), packet cancellation (|ssh_ptl_cancel|), data receival
> +(|ssh_ptl_rx_rcvbuf|), and layer shutdown (|ssh_ptl_shutdown|) may always be
> +executed concurrently with respect to each other. Note that packet
> +submission may not run concurrently with itself for the same packet.
> +Equally, shutdown and data receival may also not run concurrently with
> +themselves (but may run concurrently with each other).
> +
> +
> +Request Transport Layer
> +=======================
> +
> +The request transport layer is represented via |ssh_rtl| and builds on top
> +of the packet transport layer. It deals with requests, i.e. SSH packets sent
> +by the host containing a |ssh_command| as frame payload. This layer
> +separates responses to requests from events, which are also sent by the EC
> +via a |ssh_command| payload. While responses are handled in this layer,
> +events are relayed to the next upper layer, i.e. the controller layer, via
> +the corresponding callback. The request transport layer is structured around
> +the following key concepts:
> +
> +Request
> +-------
> +
> +Requests are packets with a command-type payload, sent from host to EC to
> +query data from or trigger an action on it (or both simultaneously). They
> +are represented by |ssh_request|, wrapping the underlying |ssh_packet|
> +storing its message data (i.e. SSH frame with command payload). Note that
> +all top-level representations, e.g. |ssam_request_sync| are built upon this
> +struct.
> +
> +As |ssh_request| extends |ssh_packet|, its lifetime is also managed by the
> +reference counter inside the packet struct (which can be accessed via
> +|ssh_request_get| and |ssh_request_put|). Once the counter reaches zero, the
> +``release()`` callback of the |ssh_request_ops| reference of the request is
> +called.
> +
> +Requests can have an optional response that is equally sent via a SSH
> +message with command-type payload (from EC to host). The party constructing
> +the request must know if a response is expected and mark this in the request
> +flags provided to |ssh_request_init|, so that the request transport layer
> +can wait for this response.
> +
> +Similar to |ssh_packet|, |ssh_request| also has a ``complete()`` callback
> +provided via its request ops reference and is guaranteed to be completed
> +before it is released once it has been submitted to the request transport
> +layer via |ssh_rtl_submit|. For a request without a response, successful
> +completion will occur once the underlying packet has been successfully
> +transmitted by the packet transport layer (i.e. from within the packet
> +completion callback). For a request with response, successful completion
> +will occur once the response has been received and matched to the request
> +via its request ID (which happens on the packet layer's data-received
> +callback running on the receiver thread). If the request is completed with
> +an error, the status value will be set to the corresponding (negative) errno
> +value.
> +
> +The state of a request is again managed via its ``state`` flags
> +(|ssh_request_flags|), which also encode the request type. In particular,
> +the following bits are noteworthy:
> +
> +* ``SSH_REQUEST_SF_LOCKED_BIT``: This bit is set when completion, either
> + through error or success, is imminent. It indicates that no further
> + references of the request should be taken and any existing references
> + should be dropped as soon as possible. The process setting this bit is
> + responsible for removing any references to this request from the request
> + queue and pending set.
> +
> +* ``SSH_REQUEST_SF_COMPLETED_BIT``: This bit is set by the process running the
> + ``complete()`` callback and is used to ensure that this callback only runs
> + once.
> +
> +* ``SSH_REQUEST_SF_QUEUED_BIT``: This bit is set when the request is queued on
> + the request queue and cleared when it is dequeued.
> +
> +* ``SSH_REQUEST_SF_PENDING_BIT``: This bit is set when the request is added to
> + the pending set and cleared when it is removed from it.
> +
> +Request Queue
> +-------------
> +
> +The request queue is the first of the two fundamental collections in the
> +request transport layer. In contrast to the packet queue of the packet
> +transport layer, it is not a priority queue and the simple first come first
> +serve principle applies.
> +
> +All requests to be transmitted by the request transport layer must be
> +submitted to this queue via |ssh_rtl_submit|. Once submitted, requests may
> +not be re-submitted, and will not be re-submitted automatically on timeout.
> +Instead, the request is completed with a timeout error. If desired, the
> +caller can create and submit a new request for another try, but it must not
> +submit the same request again.
> +
> +Pending Set
> +-----------
> +
> +The pending set is the second of the two fundamental collections in the
> +request transport layer. This collection stores references to all pending
> +requests, i.e. requests awaiting a response from the EC (similar to what the
> +pending set of the packet transport layer does for packets).
> +
> +Transmitter Task
> +----------------
> +
> +The transmitter task is scheduled when a new request is available for
> +transmission. It checks if the next request on the request queue can be
> +transmitted and, if so, submits its underlying packet to the packet
> +transport layer. This check ensures that only a limited number of
> +requests can be pending, i.e. waiting for a response, at the same time. If
> +the request requires a response, the request is added to the pending set
> +before its packet is submitted.
> +
> +Packet Completion Callback
> +--------------------------
> +
> +The packet completion callback is executed once the underlying packet of a
> +request has been completed. In case of an error completion, the
> +corresponding request is completed with the error value provided in this
> +callback.
> +
> +On successful packet completion, further processing depends on the request.
> +If the request expects a response, it is marked as transmitted and the
> +request timeout is started. If the request does not expect a response, it is
> +completed with success.
> +
> +Data-Received Callback
> +----------------------
> +
> +The data received callback notifies the request transport layer of data
> +being received by the underlying packet transport layer via a data-type
> +frame. In general, this is expected to be a command-type payload.
> +
> +If the request ID of the command is one of the request IDs reserved for
> +events (one to ``SSH_NUM_EVENTS``, inclusively), it is forwarded to the
> +event callback registered in the request transport layer. If the request ID
> +indicates a response to a request, the respective request is looked up in
> +the pending set and, if found and marked as transmitted, completed with
> +success.
> +
> +Timeout Reaper
> +--------------
> +
> +The request-response-timeout is a per-request timeout for requests expecting
> +a response. It is used to ensure that a request does not wait indefinitely
> +on a response from the EC and is started after the underlying packet has
> +been successfully completed.
> +
> +This timeout is, similar to the packet acknowledgment timeout on the packet
> +transport layer, handled via a dedicated reaper task. This task is
> +essentially a work-item (re-)scheduled to run when the next request is set
> +to time out. The work item then scans the set of pending requests for any
> +requests that have timed out and completes them with ``-ETIMEDOUT`` as
> +status. Requests will not be re-submitted automatically. Instead, the issuer
> +of the request must construct and submit a new request, if so desired.
> +
> +Note that this timeout, in combination with packet transmission and
> +acknowledgment timeouts, guarantees that the request layer will always make
> +progress, even if only through timing out packets, and never fully block.
> +
> +Concurrency and Locking
> +-----------------------
> +
> +Similar to the packet transport layer, there are two main locks in the
> +request transport layer: One guarding access to the request queue and one
> +guarding access to the pending set. These collections may only be accessed
> +and modified under the respective lock.
> +
> +Other parts of the request transport layer are guarded independently. State
> +flags are (again) managed by atomic bit operations and, if necessary, memory
> +barriers. Modifications to the timeout reaper work item and expiration date
> +are guarded by their own lock.
> +
> +Some request fields may be read outside of the respective locks guarding
> +them, specifically the state for tracing. In those cases, proper access is
> +ensured by employing ``WRITE_ONCE()`` and ``READ_ONCE()``. Such read-only
> +access is only allowed when stale values are not critical.
> +
> +With respect to the interface for higher layers, request submission
> +(|ssh_rtl_submit|), request cancellation (|ssh_rtl_cancel|), and layer
> +shutdown (|ssh_rtl_shutdown|) may always be executed concurrently with
> +respect to each other. Note that request submission may not run concurrently
> +with itself for the same request (and also may only be called once per
> +request). Equally, shutdown may also not run concurrently with itself.
> +
> +
> +Controller Layer
> +================
> +
> +The controller layer extends on the request transport layer to provide an
> +easy-to-use interface for client drivers. It is represented by
> +|ssam_controller| and the SSH driver. While the lower level transport layers
> +take care of transmitting and handling packets and requests, the controller
> +layer takes on more of a management role. Specifically, it handles device
> +initialization, power management, and event handling, including event
> +delivery and registration via the (event) completion system (|ssam_cplt|).
> +
> +Event Registration
> +------------------
> +
> +In general, an event (or rather a class of events) has to be explicitly
> +requested by the host before the EC will send it (HID input events seem to
> +be the exception). This is done via an event-enable request (similarly,
> +events should be disabled via an event-disable request once no longer
> +desired).
> +
> +The specific request used to enable (or disable) an event is given via an
> +event registry, i.e. the governing authority of this event (so to speak),
> +represented by |ssam_event_registry|. As parameters to this request, the
> +target category and, depending on the event registry, instance ID of the
> +event to be enabled must be provided. This (optional) instance ID must be
> +zero if the registry does not use it. Together, target category and instance
> +ID form the event ID, represented by |ssam_event_id|. In short, both, event
> +registry and event ID, are required to uniquely identify a respective class
> +of events.
> +
> +Note that a further *request ID* parameter must be provided for the
> +enable-event request. This parameter does not influence the class of events
> +being enabled, but instead is set as the request ID (RQID) on each event of
> +this class sent by the EC. It is used to identify events (as a limited
> +number of request IDs is reserved for use in events only, specifically one
> +to ``SSH_NUM_EVENTS`` inclusively) and also map events to their specific
> +class. Currently, the controller always sets this parameter to the target
> +category specified in |ssam_event_id|.
> +
> +As multiple client drivers may rely on the same (or overlapping) classes of
> +events and enable/disable calls are strictly binary (i.e. on/off), the
> +controller has to manage access to these events. It does so via reference
> +counting, storing the counter inside an RB-tree based mapping with event
> +registry and ID as key (there is no known list of valid event registry and
> +event ID combinations). See |ssam_nf|, |ssam_nf_refcount_inc|, and
> +|ssam_nf_refcount_dec| for details.
> +
> +This management is done together with notifier registration (described in
> +the next section) via the top-level |ssam_notifier_register| and
> +|ssam_notifier_unregister| functions.
> +
> +Event Delivery
> +--------------
> +
> +To receive events, a client driver has to register an event notifier via
> +|ssam_notifier_register|. This increments the reference counter for that
> +specific class of events (as detailed in the previous section), enables the
> +class on the EC (if it has not been enabled already), and installs the
> +provided notifier callback.
> +
> +Notifier callbacks are stored in lists, with one (RCU) list per target
> +category (provided via the event ID; NB: there is a fixed known number of
> +target categories). There is no known association from the combination of
> +event registry and event ID to the command data (target ID, target category,
> +command ID, and instance ID) that can be provided by an event class, apart
> +from target category and instance ID given via the event ID.
> +
> +Note that due to the way notifiers are (or rather have to be) stored, client
> +drivers may receive events that they have not requested and need to account
> +for them. Specifically, they will, by default, receive all events from the
> +same target category. To simplify dealing with this, filtering of events by
> +target ID (provided via the event registry) and instance ID (provided via
> +the event ID) can be requested when registering a notifier. This filtering
> +is applied when iterating over the notifiers at the time they are executed.
> +
> +All notifier callbacks are executed on a dedicated workqueue, the so-called
> +completion workqueue. After an event has been received via the callback
> +installed in the request layer (running on the receiver thread of the packet
> +transport layer), it will be put on its respective event queue
> +(|ssam_event_queue|). From this event queue the completion work item of that
> +queue (running on the completion workqueue) will pick up the event and
> +execute the notifier callback. This is done to avoid blocking on the
> +receiver thread.
> +
> +There is one event queue per combination of target ID and target category.
> +This is done to ensure that notifier callbacks are executed in sequence for
> +events of the same target ID and target category. Callbacks can be executed
> +in parallel for events with a different combination of target ID and target
> +category.
> +
> +Concurrency and Locking
> +-----------------------
> +
> +Most of the concurrency related safety guarantees of the controller are
> +provided by the lower-level request transport layer. In addition to this,
> +event (un-)registration is guarded by its own lock.
> +
> +Access to the controller state is guarded by the state lock. This lock is a
> +read/write semaphore. The reader part can be used to ensure that the state
> +does not change while functions depending on the state to stay the same
> +(e.g. |ssam_notifier_register|, |ssam_notifier_unregister|,
> +|ssam_request_sync_submit|, and derivatives) are executed and this guarantee
> +is not already provided otherwise (e.g. through |ssam_client_bind| or
> +|ssam_client_link|). The writer part guards any transitions that will change
> +the state, i.e. initialization, destruction, suspension, and resumption.
> +
> +The controller state may be accessed (read-only) outside the state lock for
> +smoke-testing against invalid API usage (e.g. in |ssam_request_sync_submit|).
> +Note that such checks are not supposed to (and will not) protect against all
> +invalid usages, but rather aim to help catch them. In those cases, proper
> +variable access is ensured by employing ``WRITE_ONCE()`` and ``READ_ONCE()``.
> +
> +Assuming any preconditions on the state not changing have been satisfied,
> +all non-initialization and non-shutdown functions may run concurrently with
> +each other. This includes |ssam_notifier_register|, |ssam_notifier_unregister|,
> +|ssam_request_sync_submit|, as well as all functions building on top of those.
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/overview.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/overview.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..1e9d57e50063
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/overview.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +
> +========
> +Overview
> +========
> +
> +The Surface/System Aggregator Module (SAM, SSAM) is an (arguably *the*)
> +embedded controller (EC) on Microsoft Surface devices. It has been originally
> +introduced on 4th generation devices (Surface Pro 4, Surface Book 1), but
> +its responsibilities and feature-set have since been expanded significantly
> +with the following generations.
> +
> +
> +Features and Integration
> +========================
> +
> +Not much is currently known about SAM on 4th generation devices (Surface Pro
> +4, Surface Book 1), due to the use of a different communication interface
> +between host and EC (as detailed below). On 5th (Surface Pro 2017, Surface
> +Book 2, Surface Laptop 1) and later generation devices, SAM is responsible
> +for providing battery information (both current status and static values,
> +such as maximum capacity etc.), as well as an assortment of temperature
> +sensors (e.g. skin temperature) and cooling/performance-mode setting to the
> +host. On the Surface Book 2, specifically, it additionally provides an
> +interface for properly handling clipboard detachment (i.e. separating the
> +display part from the keyboard part of the device), on the Surface Laptop 1
> +and 2 it is required for keyboard HID input. This HID subsystem has been
> +restructured for 7th generation devices and on those, specifically Surface
> +Laptop 3 and Surface Book 3, is responsible for all major HID input (i.e.
> +keyboard and touchpad).
> +
> +While features have not changed much on a coarse level since the 5th
> +generation, internal interfaces have undergone some rather large changes. On
> +5th and 6th generation devices, both battery and temperature information is
> +exposed to ACPI via a shim driver (referred to as Surface ACPI Notify, or
> +SAN), translating ACPI generic serial bus write-/read-accesses to SAM
> +requests. On 7th generation devices, this additional layer is gone and these
> +devices require a driver hooking directly into the SAM interface. Equally,
> +on newer generations, less devices are declared in ACPI, making them a bit
> +harder to discover and requiring us to hard-code a sort of device registry.
> +Due to this, a SSAM bus and subsystem with client devices
> +(:c:type:`struct ssam_device <ssam_device>`) has been implemented.
> +
> +
> +Communication
> +=============
> +
> +The type of communication interface between host and EC depends on the
> +generation of the Surface device. On 4th generation devices, host and EC
> +communicate via HID, specifically using a HID-over-I2C device, whereas on
> +5th and later generations, communication takes place via a USART serial
> +device. In accordance to the drivers found on other operating systems, we
> +refer to the serial device and its driver as Surface Serial Hub (SSH). When
> +needed, we differentiate between both types of SAM by referring to them as
> +SAM-over-SSH and SAM-over-HID.
> +
> +Currently, this subsystem only supports SAM-over-SSH. The SSH communication
> +interface is described in more detail below. The HID interface has not been
> +reverse engineered yet and it is, at the moment, unclear how many (and
> +which) concepts of the SSH interface detailed below can be transferred to
> +it.
> +
> +Surface Serial Hub
> +------------------
> +
> +As already elaborated above, the Surface Serial Hub (SSH) is the
> +communication interface for SAM on 5th- and all later-generation Surface
> +devices. On the highest level, communication can be separated into two main
> +types: Requests, messages sent from host to EC that may trigger a direct
> +response from the EC (explicitly associated with the request), and events
> +(sometimes also referred to as notifications), sent from EC to host without
> +being a direct response to a previous request. We may also refer to requests
> +without response as commands. In general, events need to be enabled via one
> +of multiple dedicated requests before they are sent by the EC.
> +
> +See :doc:`ssh` for a more technical protocol documentation and
> +:doc:`internal` for an overview of the internal driver architecture.
> diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/ssh.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/ssh.rst
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..bf007d6c9873
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/ssh.rst
> @@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
> +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
> +
> +.. |u8| replace:: :c:type:`u8 <u8>`
> +.. |u16| replace:: :c:type:`u16 <u16>`
> +.. |TYPE| replace:: ``TYPE``
> +.. |LEN| replace:: ``LEN``
> +.. |SEQ| replace:: ``SEQ``
> +.. |SYN| replace:: ``SYN``
> +.. |NAK| replace:: ``NAK``
> +.. |ACK| replace:: ``ACK``
> +.. |DATA| replace:: ``DATA``
> +.. |DATA_SEQ| replace:: ``DATA_SEQ``
> +.. |DATA_NSQ| replace:: ``DATA_NSQ``
> +.. |TC| replace:: ``TC``
> +.. |TID| replace:: ``TID``
> +.. |IID| replace:: ``IID``
> +.. |RQID| replace:: ``RQID``
> +.. |CID| replace:: ``CID``
> +
> +===========================
> +Surface Serial Hub Protocol
> +===========================
> +
> +The Surface Serial Hub (SSH) is the central communication interface for the
> +embedded Surface Aggregator Module controller (SAM or EC), found on newer
> +Surface generations. We will refer to this protocol and interface as
> +SAM-over-SSH, as opposed to SAM-over-HID for the older generations.
> +
> +On Surface devices with SAM-over-SSH, SAM is connected to the host via UART
> +and defined in ACPI as device with ID ``MSHW0084``. On these devices,
> +significant functionality is provided via SAM, including access to battery
> +and power information and events, thermal read-outs and events, and many
> +more. For Surface Laptops, keyboard input is handled via HID directed
> +through SAM, on the Surface Laptop 3 and Surface Book 3 this also includes
> +touchpad input.
> +
> +Note that the standard disclaimer for this subsystem also applies to this
> +document: All of this has been reverse-engineered and may thus be erroneous
> +and/or incomplete.
> +
> +All CRCs used in the following are two-byte ``crc_ccitt_false(0xffff, ...)``.
> +All multi-byte values are little-endian, there is no implicit padding between
> +values.
> +
> +
> +SSH Packet Protocol: Definitions
> +================================
> +
> +The fundamental communication unit of the SSH protocol is a frame
> +(:c:type:`struct ssh_frame <ssh_frame>`). A frame consists of the following
> +fields, packed together and in order:
> +
> +.. flat-table:: SSH Frame
> + :widths: 1 1 4
> + :header-rows: 1
> +
> + * - Field
> + - Type
> + - Description
> +
> + * - |TYPE|
> + - |u8|
> + - Type identifier of the frame.
> +
> + * - |LEN|
> + - |u16|
> + - Length of the payload associated with the frame.
> +
> + * - |SEQ|
> + - |u8|
> + - Sequence ID (see explanation below).
> +
> +Each frame structure is followed by a CRC over this structure. The CRC over
> +the frame structure (|TYPE|, |LEN|, and |SEQ| fields) is placed directly
> +after the frame structure and before the payload. The payload is followed by
> +its own CRC (over all payload bytes). If the payload is not present (i.e.
> +the frame has ``LEN=0``), the CRC of the payload is still present and will
> +evaluate to ``0xffff``. The |LEN| field does not include any of the CRCs, it
> +equals the number of bytes inbetween the CRC of the frame and the CRC of the
> +payload.
> +
> +Additionally, the following fixed two-byte sequences are used:
> +
> +.. flat-table:: SSH Byte Sequences
> + :widths: 1 1 4
> + :header-rows: 1
> +
> + * - Name
> + - Value
> + - Description
> +
> + * - |SYN|
> + - ``[0xAA, 0x55]``
> + - Synchronization bytes.
> +
> +A message consists of |SYN|, followed by the frame (|TYPE|, |LEN|, |SEQ| and
> +CRC) and, if specified in the frame (i.e. ``LEN > 0``), payload bytes,
> +followed finally, regardless if the payload is present, the payload CRC. The
> +messages corresponding to an exchange are, in part, identified by having the
> +same sequence ID (|SEQ|), stored inside the frame (more on this in the next
> +section). The sequence ID is a wrapping counter.
> +
> +A frame can have the following types
> +(:c:type:`enum ssh_frame_type <ssh_frame_type>`):
> +
> +.. flat-table:: SSH Frame Types
> + :widths: 1 1 4
> + :header-rows: 1
> +
> + * - Name
> + - Value
> + - Short Description
> +
> + * - |NAK|
> + - ``0x04``
> + - Sent on error in previously received message.
> +
> + * - |ACK|
> + - ``0x40``
> + - Sent to acknowledge receival of |DATA| frame.
> +
> + * - |DATA_SEQ|
> + - ``0x80``
> + - Sent to transfer data. Sequenced.
> +
> + * - |DATA_NSQ|
> + - ``0x00``
> + - Same as |DATA_SEQ|, but does not need to be ACKed.
> +
> +Both |NAK|- and |ACK|-type frames are used to control flow of messages and
> +thus do not carry a payload. |DATA_SEQ|- and |DATA_NSQ|-type frames on the
> +other hand must carry a payload. The flow sequence and interaction of
> +different frame types will be described in more depth in the next section.
> +
> +
> +SSH Packet Protocol: Flow Sequence
> +==================================
> +
> +Each exchange begins with |SYN|, followed by a |DATA_SEQ|- or
> +|DATA_NSQ|-type frame, followed by its CRC, payload, and payload CRC. In
> +case of a |DATA_NSQ|-type frame, the exchange is then finished. In case of a
> +|DATA_SEQ|-type frame, the receiving party has to acknowledge receival of
> +the frame by responding with a message containing an |ACK|-type frame with
> +the same sequence ID of the |DATA| frame. In other words, the sequence ID of
> +the |ACK| frame specifies the |DATA| frame to be acknowledged. In case of an
> +error, e.g. an invalid CRC, the receiving party responds with a message
> +containing an |NAK|-type frame. As the sequence ID of the previous data
> +frame, for which an error is indicated via the |NAK| frame, cannot be relied
> +upon, the sequence ID of the |NAK| frame should not be used and is set to
> +zero. After receival of an |NAK| frame, the sending party should re-send all
> +outstanding (non-ACKed) messages.
> +
> +Sequence IDs are not synchronized between the two parties, meaning that they
> +are managed independently for each party. Identifying the messages
> +corresponding to a single exchange thus relies on the sequence ID as well as
> +the type of the message, and the context. Specifically, the sequence ID is
> +used to associate an ``ACK`` with its ``DATA_SEQ``-type frame, but not
> +``DATA_SEQ``- or ``DATA_NSQ``-type frames with other ``DATA``- type frames.
> +
> +An example exchange might look like this:
> +
> +::
> +
> + tx: -- SYN FRAME(D) CRC(F) PAYLOAD CRC(P) -----------------------------
> + rx: ------------------------------------- SYN FRAME(A) CRC(F) CRC(P) --
> +
> +where both frames have the same sequence ID (``SEQ``). Here, ``FRAME(D)``
> +indicates a |DATA_SEQ|-type frame, ``FRAME(A)`` an ``ACK``-type frame,
> +``CRC(F)`` the CRC over the previous frame, ``CRC(P)`` the CRC over the
> +previous payload. In case of an error, the exchange would look like this:
> +
> +::
> +
> + tx: -- SYN FRAME(D) CRC(F) PAYLOAD CRC(P) -----------------------------
> + rx: ------------------------------------- SYN FRAME(N) CRC(F) CRC(P) --
> +
> +upon which the sender should re-send the message. ``FRAME(N)`` indicates an
> +|NAK|-type frame. Note that the sequence ID of the |NAK|-type frame is fixed
> +to zero. For |DATA_NSQ|-type frames, both exchanges are the same:
> +
> +::
> +
> + tx: -- SYN FRAME(DATA_NSQ) CRC(F) PAYLOAD CRC(P) ----------------------
> + rx: -------------------------------------------------------------------
> +
> +Here, an error can be detected, but not corrected or indicated to the
> +sending party. These exchanges are symmetric, i.e. switching ``rx`` and
> +``tx`` results again in a valid exchange. Currently, no longer exchanges are
> +known.
> +
> +
> +Commands: Requests, Responses, and Events
> +=========================================
> +
> +Commands are sent as payload inside a data frame. Currently, this is the
> +only known payload type of |DATA| frames, with a payload-type value of
> +``0x80`` (:c:type:`SSH_PLD_TYPE_CMD <ssh_payload_type>`).
> +
> +The command-type payload (:c:type:`struct ssh_command <ssh_command>`)
> +consists of an eight-byte command structure, followed by optional and
> +variable length command data. The length of this optional data is derived
> +from the frame payload length given in the corresponding frame, i.e. it is
> +``frame.len - sizeof(struct ssh_command)``. The command struct contains the
> +following fields, packed together and in order:
> +
> +.. flat-table:: SSH Command
> + :widths: 1 1 4
> + :header-rows: 1
> +
> + * - Field
> + - Type
> + - Description
> +
> + * - |TYPE|
> + - |u8|
> + - Type of the payload. For commands always ``0x80``.
> +
> + * - |TC|
> + - |u8|
> + - Target category.
> +
> + * - |TID| (out)
> + - |u8|
> + - Target ID for outgoing (host to EC) commands.
> +
> + * - |TID| (in)
> + - |u8|
> + - Target ID for incoming (EC to host) commands.
> +
> + * - |IID|
> + - |u8|
> + - Instance ID.
> +
> + * - |RQID|
> + - |u16|
> + - Request ID.
> +
> + * - |CID|
> + - |u8|
> + - Command ID.
> +
> +The command struct and data, in general, does not contain any failure
> +detection mechanism (e.g. CRCs), this is solely done on the frame level.
> +
> +Command-type payloads are used by the host to send commands and requests to
> +the EC as well as by the EC to send responses and events back to the host.
> +We differentiate between requests (sent by the host), responses (sent by the
> +EC in response to a request), and events (sent by the EC without a preceding
> +request).
> +
> +Commands and events are uniquely identified by their target category
> +(``TC``) and command ID (``CID``). The target category specifies a general
> +category for the command (e.g. system in general, vs. battery and AC, vs.
> +temperature, and so on), while the command ID specifies the command inside
> +that category. Only the combination of |TC| + |CID| is unique. Additionally,
> +commands have an instance ID (``IID``), which is used to differentiate
> +between different sub-devices. For example ``TC=3`` ``CID=1`` is a
> +request to get the temperature on a thermal sensor, where |IID| specifies
> +the respective sensor. If the instance ID is not used, it should be set to
> +zero. If instance IDs are used, they, in general, start with a value of one,
> +whereas zero may be used for instance independent queries, if applicable. A
> +response to a request should have the same target category, command ID, and
> +instance ID as the corresponding request.
> +
> +Responses are matched to their corresponding request via the request ID
> +(``RQID``) field. This is a 16 bit wrapping counter similar to the sequence
> +ID on the frames. Note that the sequence ID of the frames for a
> +request-response pair does not match. Only the request ID has to match.
> +Frame-protocol wise these are two separate exchanges, and may even be
> +separated, e.g. by an event being sent after the request but before the
> +response. Not all commands produce a response, and this is not detectable by
> +|TC| + |CID|. It is the responsibility of the issuing party to wait for a
> +response (or signal this to the communication framework, as is done in
> +SAN/ACPI via the ``SNC`` flag).
> +
> +Events are identified by unique and reserved request IDs. These IDs should
> +not be used by the host when sending a new request. They are used on the
> +host to, first, detect events and, second, match them with a registered
> +event handler. Request IDs for events are chosen by the host and directed to
> +the EC when setting up and enabling an event source (via the
> +enable-event-source request). The EC then uses the specified request ID for
> +events sent from the respective source. Note that an event should still be
> +identified by its target category, command ID, and, if applicable, instance
> +ID, as a single event source can send multiple different event types. In
> +general, however, a single target category should map to a single reserved
> +event request ID.
> +
> +Furthermore, requests, responses, and events have an associated target ID
> +(``TID``). This target ID is split into output (host to EC) and input (EC to
> +host) fields, with the respecting other field (e.g. output field on incoming
> +messages) set to zero. Two ``TID`` values are known: Primary (``0x01``) and
> +secondary (``0x02``). In general, the response to a request should have the
> +same ``TID`` value, however, the field (output vs. input) should be used in
> +accordance to the direction in which the response is sent (i.e. on the input
> +field, as responses are generally sent from the EC to the host).
> +
> +Note that, even though requests and events should be uniquely identifiable
> +by target category and command ID alone, the EC may require specific
> +target ID and instance ID values to accept a command. A command that is
> +accepted for ``TID=1``, for example, may not be accepted for ``TID=2``
> +and vice versa.
> +
> +
> +Limitations and Observations
> +============================
> +
> +The protocol can, in theory, handle up to ``U8_MAX`` frames in parallel,
> +with up to ``U16_MAX`` pending requests (neglecting request IDs reserved for
> +events). In practice, however, this is more limited. From our testing
> +(although via a python and thus a user-space program), it seems that the EC
> +can handle up to four requests (mostly) reliably in parallel at a certain
> +time. With five or more requests in parallel, consistent discarding of
> +commands (ACKed frame but no command response) has been observed. For five
> +simultaneous commands, this reproducibly resulted in one command being
> +dropped and four commands being handled.
> +
> +However, it has also been noted that, even with three requests in parallel,
> +occasional frame drops happen. Apart from this, with a limit of three
> +pending requests, no dropped commands (i.e. command being dropped but frame
> +carrying command being ACKed) have been observed. In any case, frames (and
> +possibly also commands) should be re-sent by the host if a certain timeout
> +is exceeded. This is done by the EC for frames with a timeout of one second,
> +up to two re-tries (i.e. three transmissions in total). The limit of
> +re-tries also applies to received NAKs, and, in a worst case scenario, can
> +lead to entire messages being dropped.
> +
> +While this also seems to work fine for pending data frames as long as no
> +transmission failures occur, implementation and handling of these seems to
> +depend on the assumption that there is only one non-acknowledged data frame.
> +In particular, the detection of repeated frames relies on the last sequence
> +number. This means that, if a frame that has been successfully received by
> +the EC is sent again, e.g. due to the host not receiving an |ACK|, the EC
> +will only detect this if it has the sequence ID of the last frame received
> +by the EC. As an example: Sending two frames with ``SEQ=0`` and ``SEQ=1``
> +followed by a repetition of ``SEQ=0`` will not detect the second ``SEQ=0``
> +frame as such, and thus execute the command in this frame each time it has
> +been received, i.e. twice in this example. Sending ``SEQ=0``, ``SEQ=1`` and
> +then repeating ``SEQ=1`` will detect the second ``SEQ=1`` as repetition of
> +the first one and ignore it, thus executing the contained command only once.
> +
> +In conclusion, this suggests a limit of at most one pending un-ACKed frame
> +(per party, effectively leading to synchronous communication regarding
> +frames) and at most three pending commands. The limit to synchronous frame
> +transfers seems to be consistent with behavior observed on Windows.
> diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
> index 64730461f4df..ff5d60875cec 100644
> --- a/MAINTAINERS
> +++ b/MAINTAINERS
> @@ -11697,6 +11697,7 @@ M: Maximilian Luz <luzmaximilian@gmail.com>
> S: Maintained
> W: https://github.com/linux-surface/surface-aggregator-module
> C: irc://chat.freenode.net/##linux-surface
> +F: Documentation/driver-api/surface_aggregator/
> F: drivers/platform/surface/aggregator/
> F: include/linux/surface_aggregator/
>
> --
> 2.29.2
>