[PATCH v5 08/22] liveupdate: luo_file: implement file systems callbacks

Pasha Tatashin
2025-11-07T21:05:48Z

This patch implements the core mechanism for managing preserved
files throughout the live update lifecycle. It provides the logic to
invoke the file handler callbacks (preserve, unpreserve, freeze,
unfreeze, retrieve, and finish) at the appropriate stages.

During the reboot phase, luo_file_freeze() serializes the final
metadata for each file (handler compatible string, token, and data
handle) into a memory region preserved by KHO. In the new kernel,
luo_file_deserialize() reconstructs the in-memory file list from this
data, preparing the session for retrieval.

Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
---
include/linux/liveupdate.h | 109 ++++
include/linux/liveupdate/abi/luo.h | 22 +
kernel/liveupdate/Makefile | 1 +
kernel/liveupdate/luo_file.c | 882 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
kernel/liveupdate/luo_internal.h | 9 +
5 files changed, 1023 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 kernel/liveupdate/luo_file.c

diff --git a/include/linux/liveupdate.h b/include/linux/liveupdate.h
index 0be8804fc42a..d18a788222ab 100644
--- a/include/linux/liveupdate.h
+++ b/include/linux/liveupdate.h
@@ -10,6 +10,88 @@
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
+#include <linux/liveupdate/abi/luo.h>
+#include <uapi/linux/liveupdate.h>
+
+struct liveupdate_file_handler;
+struct liveupdate_session;
+struct file;
+
+/**
+ * struct liveupdate_file_op_args - Arguments for file operation callbacks.
+ * @handler: The file handler being called.
+ * @session: The session this file belongs to.
+ * @retrieved: The retrieve status for the 'can_finish / finish'
+ * operation.
+ * @file: The file object. For retrieve: [OUT] The callback sets
+ * this to the new file. For other ops: [IN] The caller sets
+ * this to the file being operated on.
+ * @serialized_data: The opaque u64 handle, preserve/prepare/freeze may update
+ * this field.
+ *
+ * This structure bundles all parameters for the file operation callbacks.
+ * The 'data' and 'file' fields are used for both input and output.
+ */
+struct liveupdate_file_op_args {
+ struct liveupdate_file_handler *handler;
+ struct liveupdate_session *session;
+ bool retrieved;
+ struct file *file;
+ u64 serialized_data;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct liveupdate_file_ops - Callbacks for live-updatable files.
+ * @can_preserve: Required. Lightweight check to see if this handler is
+ * compatible with the given file.
+ * @preserve: Required. Performs state-saving for the file.
+ * @unpreserve: Required. Cleans up any resources allocated by @preserve.
+ * @freeze: Optional. Final actions just before kernel transition.
+ * @unfreeze: Optional. Undo freeze operations.
+ * @retrieve: Required. Restores the file in the new kernel.
+ * @can_finish: Optional. Check if this FD can finish, i.e. all restoration
+ * pre-requirements for this FD are satisfied. Called prior to
+ * finish, in order to do successful finish calls for all
+ * resources in the session.
+ * @finish: Required. Final cleanup in the new kernel.
+ * @owner: Module reference
+ *
+ * All operations (except can_preserve) receive a pointer to a
+ * 'struct liveupdate_file_op_args' containing the necessary context.
+ */
+struct liveupdate_file_ops {
+ bool (*can_preserve)(struct liveupdate_file_handler *handler,
+ struct file *file);
+ int (*preserve)(struct liveupdate_file_op_args *args);
+ void (*unpreserve)(struct liveupdate_file_op_args *args);
+ int (*freeze)(struct liveupdate_file_op_args *args);
+ void (*unfreeze)(struct liveupdate_file_op_args *args);
+ int (*retrieve)(struct liveupdate_file_op_args *args);
+ bool (*can_finish)(struct liveupdate_file_op_args *args);
+ void (*finish)(struct liveupdate_file_op_args *args);
+ struct module *owner;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct liveupdate_file_handler - Represents a handler for a live-updatable file type.
+ * @ops: Callback functions
+ * @compatible: The compatibility string (e.g., "memfd-v1", "vfiofd-v1")
+ * that uniquely identifies the file type this handler
+ * supports. This is matched against the compatible string
+ * associated with individual &struct file instances.
+ * @list: Used for linking this handler instance into a global
+ * list of registered file handlers.
+ *
+ * Modules that want to support live update for specific file types should
+ * register an instance of this structure. LUO uses this registration to
+ * determine if a given file can be preserved and to find the appropriate
+ * operations to manage its state across the update.
+ */
+struct liveupdate_file_handler {
+ const struct liveupdate_file_ops *ops;
+ const char compatible[LIVEUPDATE_HNDL_COMPAT_LENGTH];
+ struct list_head list;
+};

#ifdef CONFIG_LIVEUPDATE

@@ -21,6 +103,16 @@ bool liveupdate_enabled(void);
/* Called during kexec to tell LUO that entered into reboot */
int liveupdate_reboot(void);

+int liveupdate_register_file_handler(struct liveupdate_file_handler *h);
+
+/* kernel can internally retrieve files */
+int liveupdate_get_file_incoming(struct liveupdate_session *s, u64 token,
+ struct file **filep);
+
+/* Get a token for an outgoing file, or -ENOENT if file is not preserved */
+int liveupdate_get_token_outgoing(struct liveupdate_session *s,
+ struct file *file, u64 *tokenp);
+
#else /* CONFIG_LIVEUPDATE */

static inline void liveupdate_init(void)
@@ -37,5 +129,22 @@ static inline int liveupdate_reboot(void)
return 0;
}

+static inline int liveupdate_register_file_handler(struct liveupdate_file_handler *h)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline int liveupdate_get_file_incoming(struct liveupdate_session *s,
+ u64 token, struct file **filep)
+{
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline int liveupdate_get_token_outgoing(struct liveupdate_session *s,
+ struct file *file, u64 *tokenp)
+{
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
#endif /* CONFIG_LIVEUPDATE */
#endif /* _LINUX_LIVEUPDATE_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/liveupdate/abi/luo.h b/include/linux/liveupdate/abi/luo.h
index 37b9fecef3f7..df0a6cd1d5d2 100644
--- a/include/linux/liveupdate/abi/luo.h
+++ b/include/linux/liveupdate/abi/luo.h
@@ -65,6 +65,11 @@
* Metadata for a single session, including its name and a physical pointer
* to another preserved memory block containing an array of
* `struct luo_file_ser` for all files in that session.
+ *
+ * - struct luo_file_ser:
+ * Metadata for a single preserved file. Contains the `compatible` string to
+ * find the correct handler in the new kernel, a user-provided `token` for
+ * identification, and an opaque `data` handle for the handler to use.
*/

#ifndef _LINUX_LIVEUPDATE_ABI_LUO_H
@@ -132,4 +137,21 @@ struct luo_session_ser {
u64 count;
} __packed;

+/* The max size is set so it can be reliably used during in serialization */
+#define LIVEUPDATE_HNDL_COMPAT_LENGTH 48
+
+/**
+ * struct luo_file_ser - Represents the serialized preserves files.
+ * @compatible: File handler compatabile string.
+ * @data: Private data
+ * @token: User provided token for this file
+ *
+ * If this structure is modified, LUO_SESSION_COMPATIBLE must be updated.
+ */
+struct luo_file_ser {
+ char compatible[LIVEUPDATE_HNDL_COMPAT_LENGTH];
+ u64 data;
+ u64 token;
+} __packed;
+
#endif /* _LINUX_LIVEUPDATE_ABI_LUO_H */
diff --git a/kernel/liveupdate/Makefile b/kernel/liveupdate/Makefile
index 83285e7ad726..c2252a2ad7bd 100644
--- a/kernel/liveupdate/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/liveupdate/Makefile
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@

luo-y := \
luo_core.o \
+ luo_file.o \
luo_ioctl.o \
luo_session.o

diff --git a/kernel/liveupdate/luo_file.c b/kernel/liveupdate/luo_file.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d5197149b3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/liveupdate/luo_file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025, Google LLC.
+ * Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>
+ */
+
+/**
+ * DOC: LUO File Descriptors
+ *
+ * LUO provides the infrastructure to preserve specific, stateful file
+ * descriptors across a kexec-based live update. The primary goal is to allow
+ * workloads, such as virtual machines using vfio, memfd, or iommufd, to
+ * retain access to their essential resources without interruption.
+ *
+ * The framework is built around a callback-based handler model and a well-
+ * defined lifecycle for each preserved file.
+ *
+ * Handler Registration:
+ * Kernel modules responsible for a specific file type (e.g., memfd, vfio)
+ * register a &struct liveupdate_file_handler. This handler provides a set of
+ * callbacks that LUO invokes at different stages of the update process, most
+ * notably:
+ *
+ * - can_preserve(): A lightweight check to determine if the handler is
+ * compatible with a given 'struct file'.
+ * - preserve(): The heavyweight operation that saves the file's state and
+ * returns an opaque u64 handle, happens while vcpus are still running.
+ * LUO becomes the owner of this file until session is closed or file is
+ * finished.
+ * - unpreserve(): Cleans up any resources allocated by .preserve(), called
+ * if the preservation process is aborted before the reboot (i.e. session is
+ * closed).
+ * - freeze(): A final pre-reboot opportunity to prepare the state for kexec.
+ * We are already in reboot syscall, and therefore userspace cannot mutate
+ * the file anymore.
+ * - unfreeze(): Undoes the actions of .freeze(), called if the live update
+ * is aborted after the freeze phase.
+ * - retrieve(): Reconstructs the file in the new kernel from the preserved
+ * handle.
+ * - finish(): Performs final check and cleanup in the new kernel. After
+ * succesul finish call, LUO gives up ownership to this file.
+ *
+ * File Preservation Lifecycle happy path:
+ *
+ * 1. Preserve (Normal Operation): A userspace agent preserves files one by one
+ * via an ioctl. For each file, luo_preserve_file() finds a compatible
+ * handler, calls its .preserve() op, and creates an internal &struct
+ * luo_file to track the live state.
+ *
+ * 2. Freeze (Pre-Reboot): Just before the kexec, luo_file_freeze() is called.
+ * It iterates through all preserved files, calls their respective .freeze()
+ * ops, and serializes their final metadata (compatible string, token, and
+ * data handle) into a contiguous memory block for KHO.
+ *
+ * 3. Deserialize (New Kernel - Early Boot): After kexec, luo_file_deserialize()
+ * runs. It reads the serialized data from the KHO memory region and
+ * reconstructs the in-memory list of &struct luo_file instances for the new
+ * kernel, linking them to their corresponding handlers.
+ *
+ * 4. Retrieve (New Kernel - Userspace Ready): The userspace agent can now
+ * restore file descriptors by providing a token. luo_retrieve_file()
+ * searches for the matching token, calls the handler's .retrieve() op to
+ * re-create the 'struct file', and returns a new FD. Files can be
+ * retrieved in ANY order.
+ *
+ * 5. Finish (New Kernel - Cleanup): Once a session retrival is complete,
+ * luo_file_finish() is called. It iterates through all files,
+ * invokes their .finish() ops for final cleanup, and releases all
+ * associated kernel resources.
+ *
+ * File Preservation Lifecycle unhappy paths:
+ *
+ * 1. Abort Before Reboot: If the userspace agent aborts the live update
+ * process before calling reboot (e.g., by closing the session file
+ * descriptor), the session's release handler calls
+ * luo_file_unpreserve_files(). This invokes the .unpreserve() callback on
+ * all preserved files, ensuring all allocated resources are cleaned up and
+ * returning the system to a clean state.
+ *
+ * 2. Freeze Failure: During the reboot() syscall, if any handler's .freeze()
+ * op fails, the .unfreeze() op is invoked on all previously *successful*
+ * freezes to roll back their state. The reboot() syscall then returns an
+ * error to userspace, canceling the live update.
+ *
+ * 3. Finish Failure: In the new kernel, if a handler's .finish() op fails,
+ * the luo_file_finish() operation is aborted. LUO retains ownership of
+ * all files within that session, including those that were not yet
+ * processed. The userspace agent can attempt to call the finish operation
+ * again later. If the issue cannot be resolved, these resources will be held
+ * by LUO until the next live update cycle, at which point they will be
+ * discarded.
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
+
+#include <linux/cleanup.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/kexec_handover.h>
+#include <linux/liveupdate.h>
+#include <linux/liveupdate/abi/luo.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/rwsem.h>
+#include <linux/sizes.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include "luo_internal.h"
+
+static LIST_HEAD(luo_file_handler_list);
+
+/* 2 4K pages, give space for 128 files per session */
+#define LUO_FILE_PGCNT 2ul
+#define LUO_FILE_MAX \
+ ((LUO_FILE_PGCNT << PAGE_SHIFT) / sizeof(struct luo_file_ser))
+
+/**
+ * struct luo_file - Represents a single preserved file instance.
+ * @fh: Pointer to the &struct liveupdate_file_handler that manages
+ * this type of file.
+ * @file: Pointer to the kernel's &struct file that is being preserved.
+ * This is NULL in the new kernel until the file is successfully
+ * retrieved.
+ * @serialized_data: The opaque u64 handle to the serialized state of the file.
+ * This handle is passed back to the handler's .freeze(),
+ * .retrieve(), and .finish() callbacks, allowing it to track
+ * and update its serialized state across phases.
+ * @retrieved: A flag indicating whether a user/kernel in the new kernel has
+ * successfully called retrieve() on this file. This prevents
+ * multiple retrieval attempts.
+ * @mutex: A mutex that protects the fields of this specific instance
+ * (e.g., @retrieved, @file), ensuring that operations like
+ * retrieving or finishing a file are atomic.
+ * @list: The list_head linking this instance into its parent
+ * session's list of preserved files.
+ * @token: The user-provided unique token used to identify this file.
+ *
+ * This structure is the core in-kernel representation of a single file being
+ * managed through a live update. An instance is created by luo_preserve_file()
+ * to link a 'struct file' to its corresponding handler, a user-provided token,
+ * and the serialized state handle returned by the handler's .preserve()
+ * operation.
+ *
+ * These instances are tracked in a per-session list. The @serialized_data
+ * field, which holds a handle to the file's serialized state, may be updated
+ * during the .freeze() callback before being serialized for the next kernel.
+ * After reboot, these structures are recreated by luo_file_deserialize() and
+ * are finally cleaned up by luo_file_finish().
+ */
+struct luo_file {
+ struct liveupdate_file_handler *fh;
+ struct file *file;
+ u64 serialized_data;
+ bool retrieved;
+ struct mutex mutex;
+ struct list_head list;
+ u64 token;
+};
+
+static int luo_session_alloc_files_mem(struct luo_session *session)
+{
+ size_t size;
+ void *mem;
+
+ if (session->files)
+ return 0;
+
+ WARN_ON_ONCE(session->count);
+
+ size = LUO_FILE_PGCNT << PAGE_SHIFT;
+ mem = luo_alloc_preserve(size);
+ if (IS_ERR(mem))
+ return PTR_ERR(mem);
+
+ session->files = mem;
+ session->pgcnt = LUO_FILE_PGCNT;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void luo_session_free_files_mem(struct luo_session *session)
+{
+ /* If session has files, no need to free preservation memory */
+ if (session->count)
+ return;
+
+ if (!session->files)
+ return;
+
+ luo_free_unpreserve(session->files, session->pgcnt << PAGE_SHIFT);
+ session->files = NULL;
+ session->pgcnt = 0;
+}
+
+static bool luo_token_is_used(struct luo_session *session, u64 token)
+{
+ struct luo_file *iter;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(iter, &session->files_list, list) {
+ if (iter->token == token)
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * luo_preserve_file - Initiate the preservation of a file descriptor.
+ * @session: The session to which the preserved file will be added.
+ * @token: A unique, user-provided identifier for the file.
+ * @fd: The file descriptor to be preserved.
+ *
+ * This function orchestrates the first phase of preserving a file. Upon entry,
+ * it takes a reference to the 'struct file' via fget(), effectively making LUO
+ * a co-owner of the file. This reference is held until the file is either
+ * unpreserved or successfully finished in the next kernel, preventing the file
+ * from being prematurely destroyed.
+ *
+ * This function orchestrates the first phase of preserving a file. It performs
+ * the following steps:
+ *
+ * 1. Validates that the @token is not already in use within the session.
+ * 2. Ensures the session's memory for files serialization is allocated
+ * (allocates if needed).
+ * 3. Iterates through registered handlers, calling can_preserve() to find one
+ * compatible with the given @fd.
+ * 4. Calls the handler's .preserve() operation, which saves the file's state
+ * and returns an opaque private data handle.
+ * 5. Adds the new instance to the session's internal list.
+ *
+ * On success, LUO takes a reference to the 'struct file' and considers it
+ * under its management until it is unpreserved or finished.
+ *
+ * In case of any failure, all intermediate allocations (file reference, memory
+ * for the 'luo_file' struct, etc.) are cleaned up before returning an error.
+ *
+ * Context: Can be called from an ioctl handler during normal system operation.
+ * Return: 0 on success. Returns a negative errno on failure:
+ * -EEXIST if the token is already used.
+ * -EBADF if the file descriptor is invalid.
+ * -ENOSPC if the session is full.
+ * -ENOENT if no compatible handler is found.
+ * -ENOMEM on memory allocation failure.
+ * Other erros might be returned by .preserve().
+ */
+int luo_preserve_file(struct luo_session *session, u64 token, int fd)
+{
+ struct liveupdate_file_op_args args = {0};
+ struct liveupdate_file_handler *fh;
+ struct luo_file *luo_file;
+ struct file *file;
+ int err = -ENOENT;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&session->mutex);
+
+ if (luo_token_is_used(session, token))
+ return -EEXIST;
+
+ file = fget(fd);
+ if (!file)
+ return -EBADF;
+
+ err = luo_session_alloc_files_mem(session);
+ if (err)
+ goto exit_err;
+
+ if (session->count == LUO_FILE_MAX) {
+ err = -ENOSPC;
+ goto exit_err;
+ }
+
+ list_for_each_entry(fh, &luo_file_handler_list, list) {
+ if (fh->ops->can_preserve(fh, file)) {
+ err = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* err is still -ENOENT if no handler was found */
+ if (err)
+ goto exit_err;
+
+ luo_file = kzalloc(sizeof(*luo_file), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!luo_file) {
+ err = -ENOMEM;
+ goto exit_err;
+ }
+
+ luo_file->file = file;
+ luo_file->fh = fh;
+ luo_file->token = token;
+ luo_file->retrieved = false;
+ mutex_init(&luo_file->mutex);
+
+ args.handler = fh;
+ args.session = (struct liveupdate_session *)session;
+ args.file = file;
+ err = fh->ops->preserve(&args);
+ if (err) {
+ mutex_destroy(&luo_file->mutex);
+ kfree(luo_file);
+ goto exit_err;
+ } else {
+ luo_file->serialized_data = args.serialized_data;
+ list_add_tail(&luo_file->list, &session->files_list);
+ session->count++;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+
+exit_err:
+ fput(file);
+ luo_session_free_files_mem(session);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * luo_file_unpreserve_files - Unpreserves all files from a session.
+ * @session: The session to be cleaned up.
+ *
+ * This function serves as the primary cleanup path for a session. It is
+ * invoked when the userspace agent closes the session's file descriptor.
+ *
+ * For each file, it performs the following cleanup actions:
+ * 1. Calls the handler's .unpreserve() callback to allow the handler to
+ * release any resources it allocated.
+ * 2. Removes the file from the session's internal tracking list.
+ * 3. Releases the reference to the 'struct file' that was taken by
+ * luo_preserve_file() via fput(), returning ownership.
+ * 4. Frees the memory associated with the internal 'struct luo_file'.
+ *
+ * After all individual files are unpreserved, it frees the contiguous memory
+ * block that was allocated to hold their serialization data.
+ */
+void luo_file_unpreserve_files(struct luo_session *session)
+{
+ struct luo_file *luo_file;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&session->mutex);
+
+ while (!list_empty(&session->files_list)) {
+ struct liveupdate_file_op_args args = {0};
+
+ luo_file = list_last_entry(&session->files_list,
+ struct luo_file, list);
+
+ args.handler = luo_file->fh;
+ args.session = (struct liveupdate_session *)session;
+ args.file = luo_file->file;
+ args.serialized_data = luo_file->serialized_data;
+ luo_file->fh->ops->unpreserve(&args);
+
+ list_del(&luo_file->list);
+ session->count--;
+
+ fput(luo_file->file);
+ mutex_destroy(&luo_file->mutex);
+ kfree(luo_file);
+ }
+
+ luo_session_free_files_mem(session);
+}
+
+static int luo_file_freeze_one(struct luo_session *session,
+ struct luo_file *luo_file)
+{
+ int err = 0;
+
+ guard(mutex)(&luo_file->mutex);
+
+ if (luo_file->fh->ops->freeze) {
+ struct liveupdate_file_op_args args = {0};
+
+ args.handler = luo_file->fh;
+ args.session = (struct liveupdate_session *)session;
+ args.file = luo_file->file;
+ args.serialized_data = luo_file->serialized_data;
+
+ err = luo_file->fh->ops->freeze(&args);
+ if (!err)
+ luo_file->serialized_data = args.serialized_data;
+ }
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+static void luo_file_unfreeze_one(struct luo_session *session,
+ struct luo_file *luo_file)
+{
+ guard(mutex)(&luo_file->mutex);
+
+ if (luo_file->fh->ops->unfreeze) {
+ struct liveupdate_file_op_args args = {0};
+
+ args.handler = luo_file->fh;
+ args.session = (struct liveupdate_session *)session;
+ args.file = luo_file->file;
+ args.serialized_data = luo_file->serialized_data;
+
+ luo_file->fh->ops->unfreeze(&args);
+ }
+
+ luo_file->serialized_data = 0;
+}
+
+static void __luo_file_unfreeze(struct luo_session *session,
+ struct luo_file *failed_entry)
+{
+ struct list_head *files_list = &session->files_list;
+ struct luo_file *luo_file;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(luo_file, files_list, list) {
+ if (luo_file == failed_entry)
+ break;
+
+ luo_file_unfreeze_one(session, luo_file);
+ }
+
+ memset(session->files, 0, session->pgcnt << PAGE_SHIFT);
+}
+
+/**
+ * luo_file_freeze - Freezes all preserved files and serializes their metadata.
+ * @session: The session whose files are to be frozen.
+ *
+ * This function is called from the reboot() syscall path, just before the
+ * kernel transitions to the new image via kexec. Its purpose is to perform the
+ * final preparation and serialization of all preserved files in the session.
+ *
+ * It iterates through each preserved file in FIFO order (the order of
+ * preservation) and performs two main actions:
+ *
+ * 1. Freezes the File: It calls the handler's .freeze() callback for each
+ * file. This gives the handler a final opportunity to quiesce the device or
+ * prepare its state for the upcoming reboot. The handler may update its
+ * private data handle during this step.
+ *
+ * 2. Serializes Metadata: After a successful freeze, it copies the final file
+ * metadata—the handler's compatible string, the user token, and the final
+ * private data handle—into the pre-allocated contiguous memory buffer
+ * (session->files) that will be handed over to the next kernel via KHO.
+ *
+ * Error Handling (Rollback):
+ * This function is atomic. If any handler's .freeze() operation fails, the
+ * entire live update is aborted. The __luo_file_unfreeze() helper is
+ * immediately called to invoke the .unfreeze() op on all files that were
+ * successfully frozen before the point of failure, rolling them back to a
+ * running state. The function then returns an error, causing the reboot()
+ * syscall to fail.
+ *
+ * Context: Called only from the liveupdate_reboot() path.
+ * Return: 0 on success, or a negative errno on failure.
+ */
+int luo_file_freeze(struct luo_session *session)
+{
+ struct luo_file_ser *file_ser = session->files;
+ struct luo_file *luo_file;
+ int err;
+ int i;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&session->mutex);
+
+ if (!session->count)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (WARN_ON(!file_ser))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ i = 0;
+ list_for_each_entry(luo_file, &session->files_list, list) {
+ err = luo_file_freeze_one(session, luo_file);
+ if (err < 0) {
+ pr_warn("Freeze failed for session[%s] token[%#0llx] handler[%s] err[%pe]\n",
+ session->name, luo_file->token,
+ luo_file->fh->compatible, ERR_PTR(err));
+ goto exit_err;
+ }
+
+ strscpy(file_ser[i].compatible, luo_file->fh->compatible,
+ sizeof(file_ser[i].compatible));
+ file_ser[i].data = luo_file->serialized_data;
+ file_ser[i].token = luo_file->token;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+
+exit_err:
+ __luo_file_unfreeze(session, luo_file);
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * luo_file_unfreeze - Unfreezes all files in a session.
+ * @session: The session whose files are to be unfrozen.
+ *
+ * This function rolls back the state of all files in a session after the freeze
+ * phase has begun but must be aborted. It is the counterpart to
+ * luo_file_freeze().
+ *
+ * It invokes the __luo_file_unfreeze() helper with a NULL argument, which
+ * signals the helper to iterate through all files in the session and call
+ * their respective .unfreeze() handler callbacks.
+ *
+ * Context: This is called when the live update is aborted during
+ * the reboot() syscall, after luo_file_freeze() has been called.
+ */
+void luo_file_unfreeze(struct luo_session *session)
+{
+ lockdep_assert_held(&session->mutex);
+
+ if (!session->count)
+ return;
+
+ __luo_file_unfreeze(session, NULL);
+}
+
+/**
+ * luo_retrieve_file - Restores a preserved file from a session by its token.
+ * @session: The session from which to retrieve the file.
+ * @token: The unique token identifying the file to be restored.
+ * @filep: Output parameter; on success, this is populated with a pointer
+ * to the newly retrieved 'struct file'.
+ *
+ * This function is the primary mechanism for recreating a file in the new
+ * kernel after a live update. It searches the session's list of deserialized
+ * files for an entry matching the provided @token.
+ *
+ * The operation is idempotent: if a file has already been successfully
+ * retrieved, this function will simply return a pointer to the existing
+ * 'struct file' and report success without re-executing the retrieve
+ * operation. This is handled by checking the 'retrieved' flag under a lock.
+ *
+ * File retrieval can happen in any order; it is not bound by the order of
+ * preservation.
+ *
+ * Context: Can be called from an ioctl or other in-kernel code in the new
+ * kernel.
+ * Return: 0 on success. Returns a negative errno on failure:
+ * -ENOENT if no file with the matching token is found.
+ * Any error code returned by the handler's .retrieve() op.
+ */
+int luo_retrieve_file(struct luo_session *session, u64 token,
+ struct file **filep)
+{
+ struct liveupdate_file_op_args args = {0};
+ struct luo_file *luo_file;
+ int err;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&session->mutex);
+
+ if (list_empty(&session->files_list))
+ return -ENOENT;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(luo_file, &session->files_list, list) {
+ if (luo_file->token == token)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (luo_file->token != token)
+ return -ENOENT;
+
+ guard(mutex)(&luo_file->mutex);
+ if (luo_file->retrieved) {
+ /*
+ * Someone is asking for this file again, so get a reference
+ * for them.
+ */
+ get_file(luo_file->file);
+ *filep = luo_file->file;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ args.handler = luo_file->fh;
+ args.session = (struct liveupdate_session *)session;
+ args.serialized_data = luo_file->serialized_data;
+ err = luo_file->fh->ops->retrieve(&args);
+ if (!err) {
+ luo_file->file = args.file;
+
+ /* Get reference so we can keep this file in LUO until finish */
+ get_file(luo_file->file);
+ *filep = luo_file->file;
+ luo_file->retrieved = true;
+ }
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+static int luo_file_can_finish_one(struct luo_session *session,
+ struct luo_file *luo_file)
+{
+ bool can_finish = true;
+
+ guard(mutex)(&luo_file->mutex);
+
+ if (luo_file->fh->ops->can_finish) {
+ struct liveupdate_file_op_args args = {0};
+
+ args.handler = luo_file->fh;
+ args.session = (struct liveupdate_session *)session;
+ args.file = luo_file->file;
+ args.serialized_data = luo_file->serialized_data;
+ args.retrieved = luo_file->retrieved;
+ can_finish = luo_file->fh->ops->can_finish(&args);
+ }
+
+ return can_finish ? 0 : -EBUSY;
+}
+
+static void luo_file_finish_one(struct luo_session *session,
+ struct luo_file *luo_file)
+{
+ struct liveupdate_file_op_args args = {0};
+
+ guard(mutex)(&luo_file->mutex);
+
+ args.handler = luo_file->fh;
+ args.session = (struct liveupdate_session *)session;
+ args.file = luo_file->file;
+ args.serialized_data = luo_file->serialized_data;
+ args.retrieved = luo_file->retrieved;
+
+ luo_file->fh->ops->finish(&args);
+}
+
+/**
+ * luo_file_finish - Completes the lifecycle for all files in a session.
+ * @session: The session to be finalized.
+ *
+ * This function orchestrates the final teardown of a live update session in the
+ * new kernel. It should be called after all necessary files have been
+ * retrieved and the userspace agent is ready to release the preserved state.
+ *
+ * The function iterates through all tracked files. For each file, it performs
+ * the following sequence of cleanup actions:
+ *
+ * 1. If file is not yet retrieved, retrieves it, and calls can_finish() on
+ * every file in the session. If all can_finish return true, continue to
+ * finish.
+ * 2. Calls the handler's .finish() callback (via luo_file_finish_one) to
+ * allow for final resource cleanup within the handler.
+ * 3. Releases LUO's ownership reference on the 'struct file' via fput(). This
+ * is the counterpart to the get_file() call in luo_retrieve_file().
+ * 4. Removes the 'struct luo_file' from the session's internal list.
+ * 5. Frees the memory for the 'struct luo_file' instance itself.
+ *
+ * After successfully finishing all individual files, it frees the
+ * contiguous memory block that was used to transfer the serialized metadata
+ * from the previous kernel.
+ *
+ * Error Handling (Atomic Failure):
+ * This operation is atomic. If any handler's .can_finish() op fails, the entire
+ * function aborts immediately and returns an error.
+ *
+ * Context: Can be called from an ioctl handler in the new kernel.
+ * Return: 0 on success, or a negative errno on failure.
+ */
+int luo_file_finish(struct luo_session *session)
+{
+ struct list_head *files_list = &session->files_list;
+ struct luo_file *luo_file;
+ int err;
+
+ if (!session->count)
+ return 0;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&session->mutex);
+
+ list_for_each_entry(luo_file, files_list, list) {
+ err = luo_file_can_finish_one(session, luo_file);
+ if (err)
+ return err;
+ }
+
+ while (!list_empty(&session->files_list)) {
+ luo_file = list_last_entry(&session->files_list,
+ struct luo_file, list);
+
+ luo_file_finish_one(session, luo_file);
+
+ if (luo_file->file)
+ fput(luo_file->file);
+ list_del(&luo_file->list);
+ session->count--;
+ mutex_destroy(&luo_file->mutex);
+ kfree(luo_file);
+ }
+
+ if (session->files) {
+ luo_free_restore(session->files, session->pgcnt << PAGE_SHIFT);
+ session->files = NULL;
+ session->pgcnt = 0;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * luo_file_deserialize - Reconstructs the list of preserved files in the new kernel.
+ * @session: The incoming session containing the serialized file data from KHO.
+ *
+ * This function is called during the early boot process of the new kernel. It
+ * takes the raw, contiguous memory block of 'struct luo_file_ser' entries,
+ * provided by the previous kernel, and transforms it back into a live,
+ * in-memory linked list of 'struct luo_file' instances.
+ *
+ * For each serialized entry, it performs the following steps:
+ * 1. Reads the 'compatible' string.
+ * 2. Searches the global list of registered file handlers for one that
+ * matches the compatible string.
+ * 3. Allocates a new 'struct luo_file'.
+ * 4. Populates the new structure with the deserialized data (token, private
+ * data handle) and links it to the found handler. The 'file' pointer is
+ * initialized to NULL, as the file has not been retrieved yet.
+ * 5. Adds the new 'struct luo_file' to the session's files_list.
+ *
+ * This prepares the session for userspace, which can later call
+ * luo_retrieve_file() to restore the actual file descriptors.
+ *
+ * Context: Called from session deserialization.
+ */
+int luo_file_deserialize(struct luo_session *session)
+{
+ struct luo_file_ser *file_ser;
+ u64 i;
+
+ lockdep_assert_held(&session->mutex);
+
+ if (!session->files)
+ return 0;
+
+ file_ser = session->files;
+ for (i = 0; i < session->count; i++) {
+ struct liveupdate_file_handler *fh;
+ bool handler_found = false;
+ struct luo_file *luo_file;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(fh, &luo_file_handler_list, list) {
+ if (!strcmp(fh->compatible, file_ser[i].compatible)) {
+ handler_found = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (!handler_found) {
+ pr_warn("No registered handler for compatible '%s'\n",
+ file_ser[i].compatible);
+ return -ENOENT;
+ }
+
+ luo_file = kzalloc(sizeof(*luo_file), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!luo_file)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ luo_file->fh = fh;
+ luo_file->file = NULL;
+ luo_file->serialized_data = file_ser[i].data;
+ luo_file->token = file_ser[i].token;
+ luo_file->retrieved = false;
+ mutex_init(&luo_file->mutex);
+ list_add_tail(&luo_file->list, &session->files_list);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * liveupdate_register_file_handler - Register a file handler with LUO.
+ * @fh: Pointer to a caller-allocated &struct liveupdate_file_handler.
+ * The caller must initialize this structure, including a unique
+ * 'compatible' string and a valid 'fh' callbacks. This function adds the
+ * handler to the global list of supported file handlers.
+ *
+ * Context: Typically called during module initialization for file types that
+ * support live update preservation.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success. Negative errno on failure.
+ */
+int liveupdate_register_file_handler(struct liveupdate_file_handler *fh)
+{
+ static DEFINE_MUTEX(register_file_handler_lock);
+ struct liveupdate_file_handler *fh_iter;
+
+ /*
+ * Once sessions have been deserialized, file handlers cannot be
+ * registered, it is too late.
+ */
+ if (WARN_ON(luo_session_is_deserialized()))
+ return -EBUSY;
+
+ /* Sanity check that all required callbacks are set */
+ if (!fh->ops->preserve || !fh->ops->unpreserve ||
+ !fh->ops->retrieve || !fh->ops->finish) {
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ guard(mutex)(&register_file_handler_lock);
+ list_for_each_entry(fh_iter, &luo_file_handler_list, list) {
+ if (!strcmp(fh_iter->compatible, fh->compatible)) {
+ pr_err("File handler registration failed: Compatible string '%s' already registered.\n",
+ fh->compatible);
+ return -EEXIST;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (!try_module_get(fh->ops->owner))
+ return -EAGAIN;
+
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fh->list);
+ list_add_tail(&fh->list, &luo_file_handler_list);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * liveupdate_get_token_outgoing - Get the token for a preserved file.
+ * @s: The outgoing liveupdate session.
+ * @file: The file object to search for.
+ * @tokenp: Output parameter for the found token.
+ *
+ * Searches the list of preserved files in an outgoing session for a matching
+ * file object. If found, the corresponding user-provided token is returned.
+ *
+ * This function is intended for in-kernel callers that need to correlate a
+ * file with its liveupdate token.
+ *
+ * Context: Can be called from any context that can acquire the session mutex.
+ * Return: 0 on success, -ENOENT if the file is not preserved in this session.
+ */
+int liveupdate_get_token_outgoing(struct liveupdate_session *s,
+ struct file *file, u64 *tokenp)
+{
+ struct luo_session *session = (struct luo_session *)s;
+ struct luo_file *luo_file;
+ int err = -ENOENT;
+
+ list_for_each_entry(luo_file, &session->files_list, list) {
+ if (luo_file->file == file) {
+ if (tokenp)
+ *tokenp = luo_file->token;
+ err = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return err;
+}
+
+/**
+ * liveupdate_get_file_incoming - Retrieves a preserved file for in-kernel use.
+ * @s: The incoming liveupdate session (restored from the previous kernel).
+ * @token: The unique token identifying the file to retrieve.
+ * @filep: On success, this will be populated with a pointer to the retrieved
+ * 'struct file'.
+ *
+ * Provides a kernel-internal API for other subsystems to retrieve their
+ * preserved files after a live update. This function is a simple wrapper
+ * around luo_retrieve_file(), allowing callers to find a file by its token.
+ *
+ * The operation is idempotent; subsequent calls for the same token will return
+ * a pointer to the same 'struct file' object.
+ *
+ * The caller receives a pointer to the file but does not receive a new
+ * reference. The file's lifetime is managed by LUO and any userspace file
+ * descriptors. If the caller needs to hold a reference to the file beyond the
+ * immediate scope, it must call get_file() itself.
+ *
+ * Context: Can be called from any context in the new kernel that has a handle
+ * to a restored session.
+ * Return: 0 on success. Returns -ENOENT if no file with the matching token is
+ * found, or any other negative errno on failure.
+ */
+int liveupdate_get_file_incoming(struct liveupdate_session *s, u64 token,
+ struct file **filep)
+{
+ struct luo_session *session = (struct luo_session *)s;
+
+ return luo_retrieve_file(session, token, filep);
+}
diff --git a/kernel/liveupdate/luo_internal.h b/kernel/liveupdate/luo_internal.h
index ab4652d79e64..3fd5d39fdd61 100644
--- a/kernel/liveupdate/luo_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/liveupdate/luo_internal.h
@@ -74,4 +74,13 @@ int luo_session_serialize(void);
int luo_session_deserialize(void);
bool luo_session_is_deserialized(void);

+int luo_preserve_file(struct luo_session *session, u64 token, int fd);
+void luo_file_unpreserve_files(struct luo_session *session);
+int luo_file_freeze(struct luo_session *session);
+void luo_file_unfreeze(struct luo_session *session);
+int luo_retrieve_file(struct luo_session *session, u64 token,
+ struct file **filep);
+int luo_file_finish(struct luo_session *session);
+int luo_file_deserialize(struct luo_session *session);
+
#endif /* _LINUX_LUO_INTERNAL_H */
--
2.51.2.1041.gc1ab5b90ca-goog