[PATCH 0/3] Workaround the Out-of-order Issue of Loongson-2F

[PATCH 0/3] Workaround the Out-of-order Issue of Loongson-2F

[Wu Zhangjin]

From: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>

As the Chapter 15: "Errata: Issue of Out-of-order in loongson"[1] shows, to
workaround the Issue of Loongson-2F，We need to do:

  o When switching from user model to kernel model, you should flush the branch
  target history such as BTB and RAS.
 
  o Doing some tricks to the indirect branch target to make sure that the
  indirect branch target can not be in the I/O region.

This patchset applied the above methods and for the binutils patch[3] have been
merged into binutils 2.20.1, so, it's time to upstream this patchset now.
without this patch, the machines will hang when the instruction sequence hit
the Out-of-order Issue of Loongson-2F, therefore, this patchset is very urgent
for both 2.6.33 and 2.6.34.

[1] Chinese Version: http://www.loongson.cn/uploadfile/file/20080821113149.pdf
[2] English Version of Chapter 15:
http://groups.google.com.hk/group/loongson-dev/msg/e0d2e220958f10a6?dmode=source
[3] http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2009-11/msg00387.html 

Regards,
 	Wu Zhangjin

Wu Zhangjin (3):
  Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS
  Loongson-2F: Enable fixups of binutils 2.20.1
  Loongson-2F: Fixup of problems introduced by -mfix-loongson2f-jump of
    binutils 2.20.1

 arch/mips/Makefile                 |    4 +++-
 arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h |   19 +++++++++++++++++++
 arch/mips/loongson/common/reset.c  |   12 +++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

[PATCH 1/3] Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS

[Wu Zhangjin]

From: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>

As the Chapter 15: "Errata: Issue of Out-of-order in loongson"[1] shows, to
workaround the Issue of Loongson-2F，We need to do:

"When switching from user model to kernel model, you should flush the branch
target history such as BTB and RAS."

This patch did clear BTB(branch target buffer), forbid RAS(row address strobe)
via Loongson-2F's 64bit diagnostic register.

[1] Chinese Version: http://www.loongson.cn/uploadfile/file/200808211
[2] English Version of Chapter 15:
http://groups.google.com.hk/group/loongson-dev/msg/e0d2e220958f10a6?dmode=source

Signed-off-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
---
 arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h |   19 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
index 3b6da33..b84cfda 100644
--- a/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
+++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
@@ -121,6 +121,25 @@
 		.endm
 #else
 		.macro	get_saved_sp	/* Uniprocessor variation */
+#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F
+		/*
+		 * Clear BTB(branch target buffer), forbid RAS(row address
+		 * strobe) to workaround the Out-of-oder Issue in Loongson2F
+		 * via it's diagnostic register.
+		 */
+		move k0, ra
+		jal	1f
+		nop
+1:		jal	1f
+		nop
+1:		jal	1f
+		nop
+1:		jal	1f
+		nop
+1:		move	ra, k0
+		li	k0, 3
+		mtc0	k0, $22
+#endif /* CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F */
 #if defined(CONFIG_32BIT) || defined(KBUILD_64BIT_SYM32)
 		lui	k1, %hi(kernelsp)
 #else
-- 
1.7.0.1

[PATCH 2/3] Loongson-2F: Enable fixups of binutils 2.20.1

[Wu Zhangjin]

From: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>

As the "Fixups of Loongson2F" patch[1] to binutils have been applied
into binutils 2.20.1. It's time to enable the options provided by the
patch to compile the kernel.

Without these fixups, the system will hang unexpectedly for the bug of
processor.

To learn more about these fixups, please refer to the following
references.

[1] "Fixups of Loongson2F" patch for binutils(actually for gas)
http://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2009-11/msg00387.html
[2] Chapter 15 of "Loongson2F User Manual"(Chinese Version)
http://www.loongson.cn/uploadfile/file/200808211
[3] English Version of the above chapter 15
http://groups.google.com.hk/group/loongson-dev/msg/e0d2e220958f10a6?dmode=source

Signed-off-by: Zhang Le <r0bertz@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzj@lemote.com>
---
 arch/mips/Makefile |    4 +++-
 1 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/mips/Makefile b/arch/mips/Makefile
index 2f2eac2..5ae342e 100644
--- a/arch/mips/Makefile
+++ b/arch/mips/Makefile
@@ -135,7 +135,9 @@ cflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2)	+= -Wa,--trap
 cflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2E) += \
 	$(call cc-option,-march=loongson2e,-march=r4600)
 cflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F) += \
-	$(call cc-option,-march=loongson2f,-march=r4600)
+	$(call cc-option,-march=loongson2f,-march=r4600) \
+	$(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-mfix-loongson2f-nop,) \
+	$(call as-option,-Wa$(comma)-mfix-loongson2f-jump,)
 
 cflags-$(CONFIG_CPU_MIPS32_R1)	+= $(call cc-option,-march=mips32,-mips32 -U_MIPS_ISA -D_MIPS_ISA=_MIPS_ISA_MIPS32) \
 			-Wa,-mips32 -Wa,--trap
-- 
1.7.0.1

[PATCH 3/3] Loongson-2F: Fixup of problems introduced by -mfix-loongson2f-jump of binutils 2.20.1

[Wu Zhangjin]

From: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>

The -mfix-loongson2f-jump option provided by the binutils 2.20.1 have fixed the
Out-of-order Issue of Loongson-2F described in Chapter 15 of "Loongson2F User
Manual"[1,2], but introduced some problems.

The option changes all of the jumping target to "addr & 0xcfffffff" through the
at($1) register, but for the REBOOT address of loongson-2F: 0xbfc00000, this is
totally wrong, so, this patch try to avoid the problem via telling the
assembler not to use at($1) register.

[1] Loongson2F User Manual(Chinese Version)
http://www.loongson.cn/uploadfile/file/200808211
[2] English Version of Chapter 15:
http://groups.google.com.hk/group/loongson-dev/msg/e0d2e220958f10a6?dmode=source

Reported-and-tested-by: Liu Shiwei <liushiwei@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
---
 arch/mips/loongson/common/reset.c |   12 +++++++++++-
 1 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/mips/loongson/common/reset.c b/arch/mips/loongson/common/reset.c
index 4bd9c18..d5f1a50 100644
--- a/arch/mips/loongson/common/reset.c
+++ b/arch/mips/loongson/common/reset.c
@@ -21,8 +21,18 @@ static void loongson_restart(char *command)
 	/* do preparation for reboot */
 	mach_prepare_reboot();
 
-	/* reboot via jumping to boot base address */
+	/* reboot via jumping to boot base address
+	 *
+	 * ".set noat" and ".set at" are used to ensure the address not broken
+	 * by the -mfix-loongson2f-jump option provided by binutils 2.20.1 and
+	 * higher which try to change the jumping address to "addr &
+	 * 0xcfffffff" via the at($1) register, this is totally wrong for
+	 * 0xbfc00000(LOONGSON_BOOT_BASE).
+	 */
+
+	__asm__ __volatile__(".set noat\n");
 	((void (*)(void))ioremap_nocache(LOONGSON_BOOT_BASE, 4)) ();
+	__asm__ __volatile__(".set at\n");
 }
 
 static void loongson_poweroff(void)
-- 
1.7.0.1

Re: [PATCH 1/3] Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS

[Sergei Shtylyov]

Hello.

Wu Zhangjin wrote:

> From: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
>
> As the Chapter 15: "Errata: Issue of Out-of-order in loongson"[1] shows, to
> workaround the Issue of Loongson-2F，We need to do:
>
> "When switching from user model to kernel model, you should flush the branch
> target history such as BTB and RAS."
>
> This patch did clear BTB(branch target buffer), forbid RAS(row address strobe)
> via Loongson-2F's 64bit diagnostic register.
>
> [1] Chinese Version: http://www.loongson.cn/uploadfile/file/200808211
> [2] English Version of Chapter 15:
> http://groups.google.com.hk/group/loongson-dev/msg/e0d2e220958f10a6?dmode=source
>
> Signed-off-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
> ---
>  arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h |   19 +++++++++++++++++++
>  1 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> index 3b6da33..b84cfda 100644
> --- a/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> +++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> @@ -121,6 +121,25 @@
>  		.endm
>  #else
>  		.macro	get_saved_sp	/* Uniprocessor variation */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F
> +		/*
> +		 * Clear BTB(branch target buffer), forbid RAS(row address
> +		 * strobe)

   No spaces before the left paren...

>  to workaround the Out-of-oder Issue in Loongson2F
> +		 * via it's diagnostic register.
>   

   Only "its".

> +		 */
> +		move k0, ra
>   

   Operands misalined...

WBR, Sergei

Re: [PATCH 1/3] Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS

[Wu Zhangjin]

Hi,

Thanks very much for your careful review, will resend a new one later.

Regards,
	Wu Zhangjin

On Wed, 2010-03-10 at 13:44 +0300, Sergei Shtylyov wrote:
[...]
> > diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> > index 3b6da33..b84cfda 100644
> > --- a/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> > +++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> > @@ -121,6 +121,25 @@
> >  		.endm
> >  #else
> >  		.macro	get_saved_sp	/* Uniprocessor variation */
> > +#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F
> > +		/*
> > +		 * Clear BTB(branch target buffer), forbid RAS(row address
> > +		 * strobe)
> 
>    No spaces before the left paren...
> 
> >  to workaround the Out-of-oder Issue in Loongson2F
> > +		 * via it's diagnostic register.
> >   
> 
>    Only "its".
> 
> > +		 */
> > +		move k0, ra
> >   
> 
>    Operands misalined...
> 
> WBR, Sergei
> 
> 

Re: [PATCH 1/3] Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS

[Shinya Kuribayashi]

Wu Zhangjin wrote:
> From: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
> 
> As the Chapter 15: "Errata: Issue of Out-of-order in loongson"[1] shows, to
> workaround the Issue of Loongson-2F，We need to do:
> 
> "When switching from user model to kernel model, you should flush the branch
> target history such as BTB and RAS."

Just wondered, model or mode?

> This patch did clear BTB(branch target buffer), forbid RAS(row address strobe)
> via Loongson-2F's 64bit diagnostic register.

Are you sure that RAS represents "Row Address Strobe", not "Return
Address Stack?"

By the way, we have a similar local workaround for vr55xx processors
when switching from kernel mode to user mode.  It's not necessarily
related to out-of-order issues, but we need to prevent the processor
from doing instruction prefetch beyond "eret" instruction.

In the long term, it would be appreciated that the kernel has a set
of hooks when switching KUX-modes, so that each machine could have
his own, processor-specific treatmens.

  Shinya

> [1] Chinese Version: http://www.loongson.cn/uploadfile/file/200808211
> [2] English Version of Chapter 15:
> http://groups.google.com.hk/group/loongson-dev/msg/e0d2e220958f10a6?dmode=source
> 
> Signed-off-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
> ---
>  arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h |   19 +++++++++++++++++++
>  1 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h b/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> index 3b6da33..b84cfda 100644
> --- a/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> +++ b/arch/mips/include/asm/stackframe.h
> @@ -121,6 +121,25 @@
>  		.endm
>  #else
>  		.macro	get_saved_sp	/* Uniprocessor variation */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F
> +		/*
> +		 * Clear BTB(branch target buffer), forbid RAS(row address
> +		 * strobe) to workaround the Out-of-oder Issue in Loongson2F
> +		 * via it's diagnostic register.
> +		 */
> +		move k0, ra
> +		jal	1f
> +		nop
> +1:		jal	1f
> +		nop
> +1:		jal	1f
> +		nop
> +1:		jal	1f
> +		nop
> +1:		move	ra, k0
> +		li	k0, 3
> +		mtc0	k0, $22
> +#endif /* CONFIG_CPU_LOONGSON2F */
>  #if defined(CONFIG_32BIT) || defined(KBUILD_64BIT_SYM32)
>  		lui	k1, %hi(kernelsp)
>  #else

Re: [PATCH 1/3] Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS

[Wu Zhangjin]

On Thu, 2010-03-11 at 12:27 +0900, Shinya Kuribayashi wrote:
> Wu Zhangjin wrote:
> > From: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com>
> > 
> > As the Chapter 15: "Errata: Issue of Out-of-order in loongson"[1] shows, to
> > workaround the Issue of Loongson-2F，We need to do:
> > 
> > "When switching from user model to kernel model, you should flush the branch
> > target history such as BTB and RAS."
> 
> Just wondered, model or mode?
> 

Hmm, should be mode.

> > This patch did clear BTB(branch target buffer), forbid RAS(row address strobe)
> > via Loongson-2F's 64bit diagnostic register.
> 
> Are you sure that RAS represents "Row Address Strobe", not "Return
> Address Stack?"
> 

Hi, Yanhua(from Lemote), can you help to clear this part?

> By the way, we have a similar local workaround for vr55xx processors
> when switching from kernel mode to user mode.  It's not necessarily
> related to out-of-order issues, but we need to prevent the processor
> from doing instruction prefetch beyond "eret" instruction.
> 
> In the long term, it would be appreciated that the kernel has a set
> of hooks when switching KUX-modes, so that each machine could have
> his own, processor-specific treatmens.
> 

Good idea.

Thanks!

Regards,
	Wu Zhangjin

Re: [PATCH 1/3] Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS

[Ralf Baechle]

On Thu, Mar 11, 2010 at 12:27:42PM +0900, Shinya Kuribayashi wrote:

> Are you sure that RAS represents "Row Address Strobe", not "Return
> Address Stack?"
> 
> By the way, we have a similar local workaround for vr55xx processors
> when switching from kernel mode to user mode.  It's not necessarily
> related to out-of-order issues, but we need to prevent the processor
> from doing instruction prefetch beyond "eret" instruction.

Some R4000 revisions may do silly things in case of an NMI where c0_errorepc
is pointing is pointing to an ERET instruction.

There are various processors which want to save and restore core-specific
registers, for example the Cavium cnMIPS core.

> In the long term, it would be appreciated that the kernel has a set
> of hooks when switching KUX-modes, so that each machine could have
> his own, processor-specific treatmens.

It seems that uasm is the tool of choice.

  Ralf

Re: [PATCH 1/3] Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS

[Wu Zhangjin]

On Thu, 2010-03-11 at 10:59 +0100, Ralf Baechle wrote:
> On Thu, Mar 11, 2010 at 12:27:42PM +0900, Shinya Kuribayashi wrote:
> 
> > Are you sure that RAS represents "Row Address Strobe", not "Return
> > Address Stack?"

This should be Return Address Stack.

Will resend this patch later.

Thanks & Regards,
	Wu Zhangjin

Re: [PATCH 1/3] Loongson-2F: Flush the branch target history such as BTB and RAS

[Shinya Kuribayashi]

Wu Zhangjin wrote:
> On Thu, 2010-03-11 at 10:59 +0100, Ralf Baechle wrote:
>> On Thu, Mar 11, 2010 at 12:27:42PM +0900, Shinya Kuribayashi wrote:
>>
>>> Are you sure that RAS represents "Row Address Strobe", not "Return
>>> Address Stack?"
> 
> This should be Return Address Stack.
> 
> Will resend this patch later.

Thanks for the head's up.
-- 
Shinya Kuribayashi
NEC Electronics