[PATCH v2 00/16] fs,x86/resctrl: Add kernel-mode (e.g., PLZA) support to the resctrl subsystem

[PATCH v2 00/16] fs,x86/resctrl: Add kernel-mode (e.g., PLZA) support to the resctrl subsystem

[Babu Moger]

This series adds support for Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA) to the
resctrl subsystem. PLZA is an AMD feature that allows specifying a CLOSID
and/or RMID for execution in kernel mode (privilege level zero), so that
kernel work is not subject to the same resource constrains as the current
user-space task. This avoids kernel operations being aggressively throttled
when a task's memory bandwidth is heavily limited.

The feature documentation is not yet publicly available, but it is expected
to be released in the next few weeks. In the meantime, a brief description
of the features is provided below. 

Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA) 

Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA) allows the hardware to
automatically associate execution in Privilege Level Zero (CPL=0) with a
specific COS (Class of Service) and/or RMID (Resource Monitoring
Identifier). The QoS feature set already has a mechanism to associate
execution on each logical processor with an RMID or COS. PLZA allows the
system to override this per-thread association for a thread that is
executing with CPL=0. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------

The series introduces the feature in a way that supports the interface in
a generic manner to accomodate MPAM or other vendor specific implimentation.

Below is the detailed requirements provided by Reinette:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/

Summary:
1. Kernel-mode/PLZA controls and status should be exposed under the resctrl
   info directory:/sys/fs/resctrl/info/, not as a separate or arch-specific path.

2. Add two info files

 a. kernel_mode
    Purpose: Control how resource allocation and monitoring apply in kernel mode
    (e.g. inherit from task vs global assign).

    Read: List supported modes and show current one (e.g. with [brackets]).
    Write: Set current mode by name (e.g. inherit_ctrl_and_mon, global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon).

b. kernel_mode_assignment

   Purpose: When a “global assign” kernel mode is active, specify which resctrl group
   (CLOSID/RMID) is used for kernel work.

   Read: Show the assigned group in a path-like form (e.g. //, ctrl1//, ctrl1/mon1/).
   Write: Assign or clear the group used for kernel mode (and optionally clear with an empty write).

The patches are based on top of commit (v7.0.0-rc3)
839e91ce3f41b (tip/master) Merge branch into tip/master: 'x86/tdx'
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Examples: kernel_mode and kernel_mode_assignment

All paths below are under /sys/fs/resctrl/ (e.g. info/kernel_mode means
/sys/fs/resctrl/info/kernel_mode). Resctrl must be mounted and the platform
must support the relevant modes (e.g. AMD with PLZA).

1) kernel_mode — show and set the current kernel mode

   Read supported modes and which one is active (current in brackets):

     $ cat info/kernel_mode
     [inherit_ctrl_and_mon]
     global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
     global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon

   Set the active mode (e.g. use one CLOSID+RMID for all kernel work):

     $ echo "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon" > info/kernel_mode
     $ cat info/kernel_mode
     inherit_ctrl_and_mon
     global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
     [global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon]

   Mode meanings:
   - inherit_ctrl_and_mon: kernel uses same CLOSID/RMID as the current task (default).
   - global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon: one CLOSID for all kernel work; RMID inherited from user.
   - global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon: one resource group (CLOSID+RMID) for all kernel work.

2) kernel_mode_assignment — show and set which group is used for kernel work

   Only relevant when kernel_mode is not "inherit_ctrl_and_mon". Read the
   currently assigned group (path format is "CTRL_MON/MON/"):

     $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
     //

   "//" means the default CTRL_MON group is assigned. Assign a specific
   group instead (e.g. a CTRL_MON group "ctrl1", or a MON group "mon1" under it):

     $ echo "ctrl1//" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
     $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
     ctrl1//

     $ echo "ctrl1/mon1/" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
     $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
     ctrl1/mon1/

   Clear the assignment (no dedicated group for kernel work):

     $ echo >> info/kernel_mode_assignment
     $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
     Kmode is not configured

   Errors (e.g. invalid group name or unsupported mode) are reported in
   info/last_cmd_status.

---

v2: 
     This is similar to RFC with new proposal. Names of the some interfaces
     are not final. Lets fix that later as we move forward.

     Separated the two features: Global Bandwidth Enforcement (GLBE) and
     Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA).
 
     This series only adds support for PLZA.

     Used the name of the feature as kmode instead of PLZA. That can be changed as well.

     Tony suggested using global variables to store the kernel mode
     CLOSID and RMID. However, the kernel mode CLOSID and RMID are
     coming from rdtgroup structure with the new interface. Accessing
     them requires holding the associated lock, which would make the
     context switch path unnecessarily expensive. So, dropped the idea.
     https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/aXuxVSbk1GR2ttzF@agluck-desk3/
     Let me know if there are other ways to optimize this.

Patch 1: Data structures and arch hook: Add resctrl_kmode,
	resctrl_kmode_cfg, kernel-mode bits, and resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg()
	for generic resctrl kernel mode (e.g. PLZA).

Patch 2: Implement resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() on x86, add global resctrl_kcfg
	and resctrl_kmode_init() to set default kmode.

Patch 3: Add info/kernel_mode and resctrl_kernel_mode_show() to list supported
	kernel modes and show the current one in brackets.

Patch 4: Add x86 PLZA support and boot option rdt=plza.

Patch 5: Add supported modes from CPUID.

Patch 6: Add rdt_kmode_enable_key and arch enable/disable helpers so PLZA only
	touches fast paths when enabled.

Patch 7: Add MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC, bit defines, and union qos_pqr_plza_assoc
	for programming PLZA.

Patch 8: Add Per-CPU and per-task state.

Patch 9: Add resctrl_arch_configure_kmode() and resctrl_arch_set_kmode()
	to program PLZA per domain and set/clear it on a CPU.

Patch 10: In the sched-in path, program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC from task or
	per-CPU kmode; only write when kmode changes; guard with rdt_kmode_enable_key.

Patch 11: Add write handler so the current kernel mode can be set by name.

Patch 12: Add info/kernel_mode_assignment and show which rdtgroup is assigned
	for kernel mode in CTRL_MON/MON/ form.

Patch 13: Add write handler to assign/clear the group used for kernel mode;
	enforce single assignment and clear on rmdir.

Patch 14: Update per-CPU PLZA state when its cpu_mask changes (add/remove CPUs)
	via cpus_write_kmode() and helpers.

Patch 15: Refactor so task list respects t->kmode when the group has kmode (PLZA),
	so tasks are shown correctly.

Patch 16: Add arch helper to set task kmode.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

v1 : https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/cover.1769029977.git.babu.moger@amd.com/


Babu Moger (16):
  fs/resctrl: Add kernel mode (kmode) data structures and arch hook
  fs, x86/resctrl: Add architecture routines for kernel mode
    initialization
  fs/resctrl: Add info/kernel_mode file to show kernel mode options
  x86/resctrl: Support Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA)
  x86/resctrl: Initialize supported kernel modes when CPUID reports PLZA
  resctrl: Introduce kmode static key enable/disable helpers
  x86/resctrl: Add data structures and definitions for PLZA
    configuration
  x86/resctrl: Add per-CPU and per-task kernel mode state
  x86,fs/resctrl: Add the functionality to configure PLZA
  x86/resctrl: Add PLZA state tracking and context switch handling
  fs/resctrl: Add write handler for info/kernel_mode
  fs/resctrl: Add info/kernel_mode_assignment to show kernel-mode
    rdtgroup
  fs/resctrl: Add write interface for kernel_mode_assignment
  fs/resctrl: Update kmode configuration when cpu_mask changes
  x86/resctrl: Refactor show_rdt_tasks() to support PLZA tasks
  fs/resctrl: Add per-task kmode enable support via rdtgroup

 .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |   2 +-
 Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst         |  69 ++
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h            |   1 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h              |   7 +
 arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h                |  92 ++-
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c            |  12 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/ctrlmondata.c     |  77 +++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/internal.h        |  26 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/rdtgroup.c        |   2 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.c               |   1 +
 fs/resctrl/internal.h                         |   2 +
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c                         | 635 +++++++++++++++++-
 include/linux/resctrl.h                       |  40 ++
 include/linux/resctrl_types.h                 |  30 +
 include/linux/sched.h                         |   2 +
 15 files changed, 989 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 01/16] fs/resctrl: Add kernel mode (kmode) data structures and arch hook

[Babu Moger]

Add resctrl_kmode, resctrl_kmode_cfg, kernel mode bit defines, and
resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() for resctrl kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) support.

INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON: kernel and user space use the same CLOSID/RMID.

GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON: When active, CLOSID/control group can be
assigned for all kernel work while all kernel work uses same RMID as user
space.

GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON: When active the same resource group (CLOSID
and RMID) can be assigned to all the kernel work. This could be any group,
including the default group.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
    https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
---
 include/linux/resctrl.h       | 10 ++++++++++
 include/linux/resctrl_types.h | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/resctrl.h b/include/linux/resctrl.h
index 006e57fd7ca5..2c36d1ac392f 100644
--- a/include/linux/resctrl.h
+++ b/include/linux/resctrl.h
@@ -699,6 +699,16 @@ int resctrl_arch_io_alloc_enable(struct rdt_resource *r, bool enable);
  */
 bool resctrl_arch_get_io_alloc_enabled(struct rdt_resource *r);
 
+/**
+ * resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() - Get resctrl kernel mode configuration
+ * @kcfg:	Filled with current kernel mode config (kmode, kmode_cur, k_rdtgrp).
+ *
+ * Used by the arch (e.g. x86) to report which kernel mode is active and,
+ * when a global assign mode is in use, which rdtgroup is assigned to
+ * kernel work.
+ */
+void resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg);
+
 extern unsigned int resctrl_rmid_realloc_threshold;
 extern unsigned int resctrl_rmid_realloc_limit;
 
diff --git a/include/linux/resctrl_types.h b/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
index a5f56faa18d2..6b78b08eab29 100644
--- a/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
+++ b/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
@@ -65,7 +65,37 @@ enum resctrl_event_id {
 	QOS_NUM_EVENTS,
 };
 
+/**
+ * struct resctrl_kmode - Resctrl kernel mode descriptor
+ * @name:	Human-readable name of the kernel mode.
+ * @val:	Bitmask value for the kernel mode (e.g. INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON).
+ */
+struct resctrl_kmode {
+	char    name[32];
+	u32     val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct resctrl_kmode_cfg - Resctrl kernel mode configuration
+ * @kmode:	Requested kernel mode.
+ * @kmode_cur:	Currently active kernel mode.
+ * @k_rdtgrp:	Resource control structure in use, or NULL otherwise.
+ */
+struct resctrl_kmode_cfg {
+	u32 kmode;
+	u32 kmode_cur;
+	struct rdtgroup *k_rdtgrp;
+};
+
 #define QOS_NUM_L3_MBM_EVENTS	(QOS_L3_MBM_LOCAL_EVENT_ID - QOS_L3_MBM_TOTAL_EVENT_ID + 1)
 #define MBM_STATE_IDX(evt)	((evt) - QOS_L3_MBM_TOTAL_EVENT_ID)
 
+/* Resctrl kernel mode bits (e.g. for PLZA). */
+#define INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON		BIT(0)	/* Kernel uses same CLOSID/RMID as user. */
+/* One CLOSID for all kernel work; RMID inherited from user. */
+#define GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON	BIT(1)
+/* One resource group (CLOSID+RMID) for all kernel work. */
+#define GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON	BIT(2)
+#define RESCTRL_KERNEL_MODES_NUM	3
+
 #endif /* __LINUX_RESCTRL_TYPES_H */
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 02/16] fs, x86/resctrl: Add architecture routines for kernel mode initialization

[Babu Moger]

Implement the resctrl kernel mode (kmode) arch initialization.

- Add resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() to fill the default kernel mode
  (INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON). This can be extended later (e.g. for PLZA) to set
  additional modes.

- Add global resctrl_kcfg and resctrl_kmode_init() to initialize default
  values.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
    https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
---
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c |  7 +++++++
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c              | 10 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
index 7667cf7c4e94..4c3ab2d93909 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
@@ -892,6 +892,13 @@ bool resctrl_arch_is_evt_configurable(enum resctrl_event_id evt)
 	}
 }
 
+void resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg)
+{
+	kcfg->kmode = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
+	kcfg->kmode_cur = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
+	kcfg->k_rdtgrp = NULL;
+}
+
 static __init bool get_mem_config(void)
 {
 	struct rdt_hw_resource *hw_res = &rdt_resources_all[RDT_RESOURCE_MBA];
diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index 5da305bd36c9..9d6d74af4874 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ static void rdtgroup_destroy_root(void);
 
 struct dentry *debugfs_resctrl;
 
+/* Current resctrl kernel mode config (kmode, kmode_cur, k_rdtgrp). */
+struct resctrl_kmode_cfg resctrl_kcfg;
+
 /*
  * Memory bandwidth monitoring event to use for the default CTRL_MON group
  * and each new CTRL_MON group created by the user.  Only relevant when
@@ -2204,6 +2207,11 @@ static void io_alloc_init(void)
 	}
 }
 
+static void resctrl_kmode_init(void)
+{
+	resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(&resctrl_kcfg);
+}
+
 void resctrl_file_fflags_init(const char *config, unsigned long fflags)
 {
 	struct rftype *rft;
@@ -4554,6 +4562,8 @@ int resctrl_init(void)
 
 	io_alloc_init();
 
+	resctrl_kmode_init();
+
 	ret = resctrl_l3_mon_resource_init();
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 03/16] fs/resctrl: Add info/kernel_mode file to show kernel mode options

[Babu Moger]

Add resctrl_kernel_mode_show() and the "kernel_mode" info file to
display supported kernel modes and the current one (e.g. for PLZA).

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
    https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
---
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+)

diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index 9d6d74af4874..081da61bfe84 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -984,6 +984,41 @@ static int rdt_last_cmd_status_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Supported resctrl kernel modes for info/kernel_mode. Names match
+ * user-visible strings.
+ */
+static struct resctrl_kmode kmodes[RESCTRL_KERNEL_MODES_NUM] = {
+	{"inherit_ctrl_and_mon", INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON},
+	{"global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon", GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON},
+	{"global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon", GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON},
+};
+
+/**
+ * resctrl_kernel_mode_show() - Show supported and current resctrl kernel modes
+ * @of:	kernfs file handle.
+ * @s:	seq_file to write to.
+ * @v:	unused.
+ *
+ * Writes one line per supported mode. The currently active mode is shown as
+ * [name]; other supported modes are shown as name.
+ */
+static int resctrl_kernel_mode_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
+				    struct seq_file *s, void *v)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
+	for (i = 0; i < RESCTRL_KERNEL_MODES_NUM; i++) {
+		if (resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur & kmodes[i].val)
+			seq_printf(s, "[%s]\n", kmodes[i].name);
+		else if (resctrl_kcfg.kmode & kmodes[i].val)
+			seq_printf(s, "%s\n", kmodes[i].name);
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void *rdt_kn_parent_priv(struct kernfs_node *kn)
 {
 	/*
@@ -1885,6 +1920,13 @@ static struct rftype res_common_files[] = {
 		.seq_show	= rdt_last_cmd_status_show,
 		.fflags		= RFTYPE_TOP_INFO,
 	},
+	{
+		.name		= "kernel_mode",
+		.mode		= 0444,
+		.kf_ops		= &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
+		.seq_show	= resctrl_kernel_mode_show,
+		.fflags		= RFTYPE_TOP_INFO,
+	},
 	{
 		.name		= "mbm_assign_on_mkdir",
 		.mode		= 0644,
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 04/16] x86/resctrl: Support Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA)

[Babu Moger]

Customers have identified an issue while using the QoS resource Control
feature. If a memory bandwidth associated with a CLOSID is aggressively
throttled, and it moves into Kernel mode, the Kernel operations are also
aggressively throttled. This can stall forward progress and eventually
degrade overall system performance. AMD hardware supports a feature
Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA) to change the association of the
thread as soon as it begins executing.

Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA) allows the user to specify a CLOSID
and/or RMID associated with execution in Privilege-Level Zero. When enabled
on a HW thread, when the thread enters Privilege-Level Zero, transactions
associated with that thread will be associated with the PLZA CLOSID and/or
RMID. Otherwise, the HW thread will be associated with the CLOSID and RMID
identified by PQR_ASSOC.

Add PLZA support to resctrl and introduce a kernel parameter that allows
enabling or disabling the feature at boot time.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: - Rebased on top of the latest tip.
---
 Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt | 2 +-
 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h              | 1 +
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c              | 2 ++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.c                 | 1 +
 4 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index cb850e5290c2..b1ea28505835 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -6439,7 +6439,7 @@ Kernel parameters
 	rdt=		[HW,X86,RDT]
 			Turn on/off individual RDT features. List is:
 			cmt, mbmtotal, mbmlocal, l3cat, l3cdp, l2cat, l2cdp,
-			mba, smba, bmec, abmc, sdciae, energy[:guid],
+			mba, smba, bmec, abmc, sdciae, plza, energy[:guid],
 			perf[:guid].
 			E.g. to turn on cmt and turn off mba use:
 				rdt=cmt,!mba
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
index dbe104df339b..b7932ffc185b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h
@@ -515,6 +515,7 @@
 						      * and purposes if CLEAR_CPU_BUF_VM is set).
 						      */
 #define X86_FEATURE_X2AVIC_EXT		(21*32+20) /* AMD SVM x2AVIC support for 4k vCPUs */
+#define X86_FEATURE_PLZA		(21*32+21) /* Privilege-Level Zero Association */
 
 /*
  * BUG word(s)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
index 4c3ab2d93909..8fb9029fe547 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
@@ -799,6 +799,7 @@ enum {
 	RDT_FLAG_BMEC,
 	RDT_FLAG_ABMC,
 	RDT_FLAG_SDCIAE,
+	RDT_FLAG_PLZA,
 };
 
 #define RDT_OPT(idx, n, f)	\
@@ -826,6 +827,7 @@ static struct rdt_options rdt_options[]  __ro_after_init = {
 	RDT_OPT(RDT_FLAG_BMEC,	    "bmec",	X86_FEATURE_BMEC),
 	RDT_OPT(RDT_FLAG_ABMC,	    "abmc",	X86_FEATURE_ABMC),
 	RDT_OPT(RDT_FLAG_SDCIAE,    "sdciae",	X86_FEATURE_SDCIAE),
+	RDT_OPT(RDT_FLAG_PLZA,	    "plza",	X86_FEATURE_PLZA),
 };
 #define NUM_RDT_OPTIONS ARRAY_SIZE(rdt_options)
 
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.c
index 42c7eac0c387..acc137d327b5 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/scattered.c
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ static const struct cpuid_bit cpuid_bits[] = {
 	{ X86_FEATURE_BMEC,			CPUID_EBX,  3, 0x80000020, 0 },
 	{ X86_FEATURE_ABMC,			CPUID_EBX,  5, 0x80000020, 0 },
 	{ X86_FEATURE_SDCIAE,			CPUID_EBX,  6, 0x80000020, 0 },
+	{ X86_FEATURE_PLZA,			CPUID_EBX,  9, 0x80000020, 0 },
 	{ X86_FEATURE_TSA_SQ_NO,		CPUID_ECX,  1, 0x80000021, 0 },
 	{ X86_FEATURE_TSA_L1_NO,		CPUID_ECX,  2, 0x80000021, 0 },
 	{ X86_FEATURE_AMD_WORKLOAD_CLASS,	CPUID_EAX, 22, 0x80000021, 0 },
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 05/16] x86/resctrl: Initialize supported kernel modes when CPUID reports PLZA

[Babu Moger]

If X86_FEATURE_PLZA is set, add GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON and
GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON to the supported kmode bits in
resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg().

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
    https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
---
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
index 8fb9029fe547..739190ac96d3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
@@ -898,6 +898,9 @@ void resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg)
 {
 	kcfg->kmode = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
 	kcfg->kmode_cur = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
+	if (rdt_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PLZA))
+		kcfg->kmode |= GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON |
+				GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON;
 	kcfg->k_rdtgrp = NULL;
 }
 
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 06/16] resctrl: Introduce kmode static key enable/disable helpers

[Babu Moger]

The resctrl subsystem uses static keys to efficiently toggle allocation and
monitoring features at runtime (e.g., rdt_alloc_enable_key,
rdt_mon_enable_key). Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA) is a new,
optional capability that should only impact fast paths when enabled.

Introduce a new static key, rdt_kmode_enable_key, and wire it up with arch
helpers that mirror the existing alloc/mon pattern. This provides a
lightweight, unified mechanism to guard PLZA-specific paths and to keep the
global resctrl usage count accurate.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: Changed the name from PLZA to kmode to better reflect the purpose of the static key.
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h         | 13 +++++++++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/rdtgroup.c |  2 ++
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c                  |  6 ++++++
 3 files changed, 21 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
index 575f8408a9e7..4b4291006e78 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ extern bool rdt_mon_capable;
 DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_enable_key);
 DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_alloc_enable_key);
 DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_mon_enable_key);
+DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_kmode_enable_key);
 
 static inline bool resctrl_arch_alloc_capable(void)
 {
@@ -83,6 +84,18 @@ static inline void resctrl_arch_disable_mon(void)
 	static_branch_dec_cpuslocked(&rdt_enable_key);
 }
 
+static inline void resctrl_arch_enable_kmode(void)
+{
+	static_branch_enable_cpuslocked(&rdt_kmode_enable_key);
+	static_branch_inc_cpuslocked(&rdt_enable_key);
+}
+
+static inline void resctrl_arch_disable_kmode(void)
+{
+	static_branch_disable_cpuslocked(&rdt_kmode_enable_key);
+	static_branch_dec_cpuslocked(&rdt_enable_key);
+}
+
 /*
  * __resctrl_sched_in() - Writes the task's CLOSid/RMID to IA32_PQR_MSR
  *
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index 885026468440..05299117d871 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_mon_enable_key);
 
 DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_alloc_enable_key);
 
+DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_kmode_enable_key);
+
 /*
  * This is safe against resctrl_arch_sched_in() called from __switch_to()
  * because __switch_to() is executed with interrupts disabled. A local call
diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index 081da61bfe84..bb775afc78f5 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -2911,6 +2911,9 @@ static int rdt_get_tree(struct fs_context *fc)
 		resctrl_arch_enable_alloc();
 	if (resctrl_arch_mon_capable())
 		resctrl_arch_enable_mon();
+	if (resctrl_kcfg.kmode & (GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON |
+				  GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON))
+		resctrl_arch_enable_kmode();
 
 	if (resctrl_arch_alloc_capable() || resctrl_arch_mon_capable())
 		resctrl_mounted = true;
@@ -3233,6 +3236,9 @@ static void rdt_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb)
 		resctrl_arch_disable_alloc();
 	if (resctrl_arch_mon_capable())
 		resctrl_arch_disable_mon();
+	if (resctrl_kcfg.kmode & (GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON |
+				  GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON))
+		resctrl_arch_disable_kmode();
 	resctrl_mounted = false;
 	kernfs_kill_sb(sb);
 	mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 07/16] x86/resctrl: Add data structures and definitions for PLZA configuration

[Babu Moger]

Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA) is configured with a Per Logical
Processor MSR: MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC (0xc00003fc).

Add the necessary data structures and definitions to support PLZA
configuration.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: No changes. Just rebasing on top of the latest tip branch.
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h       |  7 +++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/internal.h | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 33 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
index be3e3cc963b2..c96fb7db3ca9 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/msr-index.h
@@ -1282,10 +1282,17 @@
 /* - AMD: */
 #define MSR_IA32_MBA_BW_BASE		0xc0000200
 #define MSR_IA32_SMBA_BW_BASE		0xc0000280
+#define MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC		0xc00003fc
 #define MSR_IA32_L3_QOS_ABMC_CFG	0xc00003fd
 #define MSR_IA32_L3_QOS_EXT_CFG		0xc00003ff
 #define MSR_IA32_EVT_CFG_BASE		0xc0000400
 
+/* Lower 32 bits of MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC */
+#define RMID_EN				BIT(31)
+/* Upper 32 bits of MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC */
+#define CLOSID_EN			BIT(15)
+#define PLZA_EN				BIT(31)
+
 /* AMD-V MSRs */
 #define MSR_VM_CR                       0xc0010114
 #define MSR_VM_IGNNE                    0xc0010115
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/internal.h b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/internal.h
index e3cfa0c10e92..403849a22e91 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/internal.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/internal.h
@@ -222,6 +222,32 @@ union l3_qos_abmc_cfg {
 	unsigned long full;
 };
 
+/*
+ * PLZA can be configured on a CPU by writing to MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.
+ *
+ * @rmid		: The RMID to be configured for PLZA.
+ * @reserved1		: Reserved.
+ * @rmid_en		: Associate RMID or not.
+ * @closid		: The CLOSID to be configured for PLZA.
+ * @reserved2		: Reserved.
+ * @closid_en		: Associate CLOSID or not.
+ * @reserved3		: Reserved.
+ * @plza_en		: Configure PLZA or not.
+ */
+union qos_pqr_plza_assoc {
+	struct {
+		unsigned long rmid	:12,
+			      reserved1	:19,
+			      rmid_en	: 1,
+			      closid	: 4,
+			      reserved2	:11,
+			      closid_en	: 1,
+			      reserved3	:15,
+			      plza_en	: 1;
+	} split;
+	unsigned long full;
+};
+
 void rdt_ctrl_update(void *arg);
 
 int rdt_get_l3_mon_config(struct rdt_resource *r);
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 08/16] x86/resctrl: Add per-CPU and per-task kernel mode state

[Babu Moger]

Add per-CPU state and per-task state for resctrl kernel mode.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: Minor name change from plza to kmode.
    Tony suggested using global variables to store the kernel mode
    CLOSID and RMID. However, the kernel mode CLOSID and RMID are
    coming from rdtgroup structure with the new interface. Accessing
    them requires holding the associated lock, which would make the
    context switch path unnecessarily expensive.
    https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/aXuxVSbk1GR2ttzF@agluck-desk3/
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h | 14 +++++++++++++-
 include/linux/sched.h          |  2 ++
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
index 4b4291006e78..e0a992abaeb4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
@@ -21,9 +21,13 @@
 /**
  * struct resctrl_pqr_state - State cache for the PQR MSR
  * @cur_rmid:		The cached Resource Monitoring ID
- * @cur_closid:	The cached Class Of Service ID
+ * @cur_closid:		The cached Class Of Service ID
  * @default_rmid:	The user assigned Resource Monitoring ID
  * @default_closid:	The user assigned cached Class Of Service ID
+ * @cur_kmode:		Currently active kernel mode (PLZA) bits for this CPU
+ * @default_kmode:	Default kernel mode bits for this CPU (e.g. from resctrl mount)
+ * @kmode_rmid:		RMID used when executing in kernel mode (PLZA)
+ * @kmode_closid:	CLOSID used when executing in kernel mode (PLZA)
  *
  * The upper 32 bits of MSR_IA32_PQR_ASSOC contain closid and the
  * lower 10 bits rmid. The update to MSR_IA32_PQR_ASSOC always
@@ -32,12 +36,20 @@
  *
  * The cache also helps to avoid pointless updates if the value does
  * not change.
+ *
+ * Kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) state: cur_kmode/default_kmode hold the active
+ * and default mode bits; kmode_rmid and kmode_closid are the association
+ * used when the thread is in privilege level zero.
  */
 struct resctrl_pqr_state {
 	u32			cur_rmid;
 	u32			cur_closid;
 	u32			default_rmid;
 	u32			default_closid;
+	u32			cur_kmode;
+	u32			default_kmode;
+	u32			kmode_rmid;
+	u32			kmode_closid;
 };
 
 DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct resctrl_pqr_state, pqr_state);
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index a7b4a980eb2f..2ec0530399be 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1328,6 +1328,8 @@ struct task_struct {
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_CPU_RESCTRL
 	u32				closid;
 	u32				rmid;
+	/* Resctrl kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) bits for this task */
+	u32				kmode;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_FUTEX
 	struct robust_list_head __user	*robust_list;
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 09/16] x86,fs/resctrl: Add the functionality to configure PLZA

[Babu Moger]

Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA) is configured by writing to
MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC. PLZA is disabled by default on all logical
processors in the QOS Domain. System software must follow the following
sequence.

1. Set the closid, closid_en, rmid and rmid_en fields of
MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC to the desired configuration on all logical
processors in the QOS Domain.

2. Set MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC[PLZA_EN]=1 for
all logical processors in the QOS domain where PLZA should be enabled.

MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC[PLZA_EN] may have a different value on every
logical processor in the QOS domain. The system software should perform
this as a read-modify-write to avoid changing the value of closid_en,
closid, rmid_en, and rmid fields of MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: - Updated the commit message to include the sequence of steps to enable PLZA.
      Added mode code comments for clarity.
      Added kmode to functin names to be generic.
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h            | 19 ++++++
 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/ctrlmondata.c | 77 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/linux/resctrl.h                   | 30 +++++++++
 3 files changed, 126 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
index e0a992abaeb4..167be18983c1 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
@@ -186,6 +186,25 @@ static inline bool resctrl_arch_match_rmid(struct task_struct *tsk, u32 ignored,
 	return READ_ONCE(tsk->rmid) == rmid;
 }
 
+/**
+ * resctrl_arch_set_cpu_kmode() - Set per-CPU kernel mode state for PLZA programming
+ * @cpu:	Logical CPU to update.
+ * @closid:	CLOSID to use for kernel work on this CPU when kmode is enabled.
+ * @rmid:	RMID to use for kernel work on this CPU when kmode is enabled.
+ * @enable:	1 to enable PLZA on this CPU; 0 to leave disabled. Stored in default_kmode.
+ *
+ * Stores the given CLOSID, RMID, and enable value in per-CPU state (kmode_closid,
+ * kmode_rmid, default_kmode). The actual MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC write is done
+ * separately (e.g. via on_each_cpu_mask) so that closid/rmid are set on all CPUs
+ * in the domain before PLZA_EN is set, per the PLZA programming sequence.
+ */
+static inline void resctrl_arch_set_cpu_kmode(int cpu, u32 closid, u32 rmid, u32 enable)
+{
+	WRITE_ONCE(per_cpu(pqr_state.default_kmode, cpu), enable);
+	WRITE_ONCE(per_cpu(pqr_state.kmode_closid, cpu), closid);
+	WRITE_ONCE(per_cpu(pqr_state.kmode_rmid, cpu), rmid);
+}
+
 static inline void resctrl_arch_sched_in(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	if (static_branch_likely(&rdt_enable_key))
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/ctrlmondata.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/ctrlmondata.c
index b20e705606b8..b5dfe30aca26 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/ctrlmondata.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/ctrlmondata.c
@@ -131,3 +131,80 @@ int resctrl_arch_io_alloc_enable(struct rdt_resource *r, bool enable)
 
 	return 0;
 }
+
+/*
+ * IPI callback: write MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on this CPU (AMD PLZA).
+ */
+static void resctrl_kmode_set_one_amd(void *arg)
+{
+	union qos_pqr_plza_assoc *plza = arg;
+
+	wrmsrl(MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC, plza->full);
+}
+
+/**
+ * resctrl_arch_configure_kmode() - x86/AMD: program PLZA per control domain
+ *
+ * For each control domain, first sets per-CPU state (closid, rmid, enable=0)
+ * on all CPUs in the domain, then writes MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on each CPU
+ * so that closid/closid_en (and optionally rmid/rmid_en) are programmed
+ * before PLZA_EN is set, per the PLZA programming sequence.
+ */
+void resctrl_arch_configure_kmode(struct rdt_resource *r, struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg,
+				  u32 closid, u32 rmid)
+{
+	union qos_pqr_plza_assoc plza = { 0 };
+	struct rdt_ctrl_domain *d;
+	int cpu;
+
+	if (kcfg->kmode_cur & INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON)
+		return;
+
+	if (kcfg->kmode_cur & GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON) {
+		plza.split.rmid = rmid;
+		plza.split.rmid_en = 1;
+	}
+	plza.split.closid = closid;
+	plza.split.closid_en = 1;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(d, &r->ctrl_domains, hdr.list) {
+		for_each_cpu(cpu, &d->hdr.cpu_mask)
+			resctrl_arch_set_cpu_kmode(cpu, closid, rmid, 0);
+		on_each_cpu_mask(&d->hdr.cpu_mask, resctrl_kmode_set_one_amd, &plza, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * resctrl_arch_set_kmode() - x86/AMD: set PLZA enable/disable on a set of CPUs
+ * @cpu_mask:	CPUs to update (e.g. a control domain's cpu_mask).
+ * @kcfg:	Current kernel mode configuration.
+ * @closid:	CLOSID to use for kernel work when a global assign mode is active.
+ * @rmid:	RMID to use for kernel work when GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON is active.
+ * @enable:	True to set MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.PLZA_EN; false to clear it.
+ *
+ * Writes MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on each CPU in @cpu_mask (via IPI) and updates
+ * per-CPU state. No-op when kmode_cur is INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON. Call after
+ * resctrl_arch_configure_kmode() so that closid/rmid are programmed before
+ * PLZA_EN is set.
+ */
+void resctrl_arch_set_kmode(cpumask_var_t cpu_mask, struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg,
+			    u32 closid, u32 rmid, bool enable)
+{
+	int cpu;
+	union qos_pqr_plza_assoc plza = { 0 };
+
+	if (kcfg->kmode_cur & INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON)
+		return;
+
+	if (kcfg->kmode_cur & GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON) {
+		plza.split.rmid = rmid;
+		plza.split.rmid_en = 1;
+	}
+	plza.split.closid = closid;
+	plza.split.closid_en = 1;
+	plza.split.plza_en = enable;
+
+	on_each_cpu_mask(cpu_mask, resctrl_kmode_set_one_amd, &plza, 1);
+	for_each_cpu(cpu, cpu_mask)
+		resctrl_arch_set_cpu_kmode(cpu, closid, rmid, enable);
+}
diff --git a/include/linux/resctrl.h b/include/linux/resctrl.h
index 2c36d1ac392f..3f3e8c1e549b 100644
--- a/include/linux/resctrl.h
+++ b/include/linux/resctrl.h
@@ -709,6 +709,36 @@ bool resctrl_arch_get_io_alloc_enabled(struct rdt_resource *r);
  */
 void resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg);
 
+/**
+ * resctrl_arch_configure_kmode() - Program kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) for all domains
+ * @r:          The resctrl resource (scope for control domains).
+ * @kcfg:       Current kernel mode configuration.
+ * @closid:     CLOSID to use for kernel work when a global assign mode is active.
+ * @rmid:       RMID to use for kernel work when GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON is active.
+ *
+ * Programs each control domain so that kernel work uses the given CLOSID/RMID
+ * per the active kernel mode (e.g. MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on x86). No-op when
+ * kmode_cur is INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON. May be called from any CPU.
+ */
+void resctrl_arch_configure_kmode(struct rdt_resource *r, struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg,
+				  u32 closid, u32 rmid);
+
+/**
+ * resctrl_arch_set_kmode() - Set kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) on a set of CPUs
+ * @cpu_mask:	CPUs to update (e.g. a control domain's cpu_mask).
+ * @kcfg:	Current kernel mode configuration.
+ * @closid:	CLOSID to use for kernel work when a global assign mode is active.
+ * @rmid:	RMID to use for kernel work when GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON is active.
+ * @enable:	True to set MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.PLZA_EN on the CPUs; false to clear it.
+ *
+ * Writes MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on each CPU in @cpu_mask and updates per-CPU
+ * state. No-op when kmode_cur is INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON. Call after
+ * resctrl_arch_configure_kmode() so that closid/rmid are programmed before
+ * PLZA_EN is set. May be called from any CPU.
+ */
+void resctrl_arch_set_kmode(cpumask_var_t cpu_mask, struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg,
+			    u32 closid, u32 rmid, bool enable);
+
 extern unsigned int resctrl_rmid_realloc_threshold;
 extern unsigned int resctrl_rmid_realloc_limit;
 
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 10/16] x86/resctrl: Add PLZA state tracking and context switch handling

[Babu Moger]

When kernel mode (e.g., PLZA) is enabled, the resctrl sched-in path must
program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC in addition to IA32_PQR_ASSOC.

Add resctrl_kmode_mon_en() to indicate whether kernel mode monitoring needs
to be enabled (GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON). Task's kmode takes
precedence when kmode is enabled for that task; otherwise, fall back to the
per-CPU default_kmode. Write MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC only when kmode is
changed.

Protect the PLZA path with rdt_kmode_enable_key to avoid overhead when
kmode is disabled.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: Updated code comments.
    Added new function resctrl_kmode_mon_en() to check if kernel mode
    monitoring needs to be enabled.
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 33 insertions(+)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
index 167be18983c1..ccfd95b98bac 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ DECLARE_PER_CPU(struct resctrl_pqr_state, pqr_state);
 extern bool rdt_alloc_capable;
 extern bool rdt_mon_capable;
 
+/* Global kernel mode config; used by resctrl_kmode_mon_en(). */
+extern struct resctrl_kmode_cfg resctrl_kcfg;
+
 DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_enable_key);
 DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_alloc_enable_key);
 DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(rdt_mon_enable_key);
@@ -108,6 +111,17 @@ static inline void resctrl_arch_disable_kmode(void)
 	static_branch_dec_cpuslocked(&rdt_enable_key);
 }
 
+/**
+ * resctrl_kmode_mon_en() - True when kernel mode requires RMID in PLZA MSR
+ *
+ * When GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON is active, MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC must
+ * program both CLOSID and RMID for kernel work; otherwise only CLOSID is used.
+ */
+static bool resctrl_kmode_mon_en(void)
+{
+	return resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur & GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON;
+}
+
 /*
  * __resctrl_sched_in() - Writes the task's CLOSid/RMID to IA32_PQR_MSR
  *
@@ -127,6 +141,7 @@ static inline void __resctrl_sched_in(struct task_struct *tsk)
 	struct resctrl_pqr_state *state = this_cpu_ptr(&pqr_state);
 	u32 closid = READ_ONCE(state->default_closid);
 	u32 rmid = READ_ONCE(state->default_rmid);
+	u32 kmode = READ_ONCE(state->default_kmode);
 	u32 tmp;
 
 	/*
@@ -150,6 +165,24 @@ static inline void __resctrl_sched_in(struct task_struct *tsk)
 		state->cur_rmid = rmid;
 		wrmsr(MSR_IA32_PQR_ASSOC, rmid, closid);
 	}
+
+	/*
+	 * When kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) is enabled, program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.
+	 * Task's kmode overrides per-CPU default_kmode. Only write the MSR when
+	 * kmode has changed to avoid unnecessary writes on the scheduler hot path.
+	 */
+	if (static_branch_likely(&rdt_kmode_enable_key)) {
+		tmp = READ_ONCE(tsk->kmode);
+		if (tmp)
+			kmode = tmp;
+
+		if (kmode != state->cur_kmode) {
+			state->cur_kmode = kmode;
+			wrmsr(MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC,
+			      resctrl_kmode_mon_en() ? (RMID_EN | state->kmode_rmid) : 0,
+			      (kmode ? PLZA_EN : 0) | (CLOSID_EN | state->kmode_closid));
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 static inline unsigned int resctrl_arch_round_mon_val(unsigned int val)
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 11/16] fs/resctrl: Add write handler for info/kernel_mode

[Babu Moger]

Add resctrl_kernel_mode_write() so users can set the current kernel
mode by writing a mode name to info/kernel_mode. Unsupported or invalid
names are rejected; errors are reported in info/last_cmd_status.

Add rdtgroup_config_kmode() to assign or clear a group for kernel mode
(e.g. PLZA), and extend struct rdtgroup with a kmode flag. Update
Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst to describe the kernel_mode file.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
    https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
---
 Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst |  34 +++++++++
 fs/resctrl/internal.h                 |   2 +
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c                 | 101 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 3 files changed, 136 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst
index ba609f8d4de5..2107dd4b3649 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst
@@ -514,6 +514,40 @@ conveyed in the error returns from file operations. E.g.
 	# cat info/last_cmd_status
 	mask f7 has non-consecutive 1-bits
 
+"kernel_mode":
+	In the top level of the "info" directory, "kernel_mode" controls how
+	resource allocation and monitoring work in kernel mode. This is used on
+	some platforms to assign a dedicated CLOSID and/or RMID to kernel threads.
+
+	Reading the file lists supported kernel modes, one per line. The
+	currently active mode is shown in square brackets; other modes supported
+	by the platform are shown without brackets. Example::
+
+	  # cat info/kernel_mode
+	  [inherit_ctrl_and_mon]
+	  global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
+	  global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon
+
+	Writing a mode name (followed by a newline) sets the current kernel mode.
+	The name must match one of the supported mode names exactly. Modes not
+	supported by the platform (e.g. not advertised when reading the file)
+	cannot be set. Errors are reported in "info/last_cmd_status". Example::
+
+	  # echo "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon" > info/kernel_mode
+	  # cat info/kernel_mode
+	  inherit_ctrl_and_mon
+	  global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
+	  [global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon]
+
+	Modes:
+
+	- "inherit_ctrl_and_mon": Kernel uses the same CLOSID and RMID as the
+	  current user-space task (default).
+	- "global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon": One CLOSID is assigned for all
+	  kernel work; RMID is still inherited from user space.
+	- "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon": One resource group (CLOSID and RMID)
+	  is assigned for all kernel work.
+
 Resource alloc and monitor groups
 =================================
 
diff --git a/fs/resctrl/internal.h b/fs/resctrl/internal.h
index 1a9b29119f88..b5999d8079d6 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/internal.h
+++ b/fs/resctrl/internal.h
@@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ struct mongroup {
  * @mon:			mongroup related data
  * @mode:			mode of resource group
  * @mba_mbps_event:		input monitoring event id when mba_sc is enabled
+ * @kmode:			true if this group is assigned for kernel mode (e.g. PLZA)
  * @plr:			pseudo-locked region
  */
 struct rdtgroup {
@@ -229,6 +230,7 @@ struct rdtgroup {
 	struct mongroup			mon;
 	enum rdtgrp_mode		mode;
 	enum resctrl_event_id		mba_mbps_event;
+	bool				kmode;
 	struct pseudo_lock_region	*plr;
 };
 
diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index bb775afc78f5..6cd928fabaa2 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -1019,6 +1019,104 @@ static int resctrl_kernel_mode_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * rdtgroup_config_kmode() - Enable or disable kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) for a group
+ * @rdtgrp:	The rdtgroup to assign or unassign for kernel work.
+ * @enable:	True to assign this group for kernel mode; false to clear.
+ *
+ * Programs arch state via resctrl_arch_configure_kmode() and
+ * resctrl_arch_set_kmode(), and updates resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp. Only one group
+ * may have kmode at a time. Pseudo-locked groups cannot be used for kernel mode.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, or -EINVAL if the group is pseudo-locked.
+ */
+static int rdtgroup_config_kmode(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, bool enable)
+{
+	struct rdt_resource *r = resctrl_arch_get_resource(RDT_RESOURCE_L3);
+	u32 closid;
+
+	if (rdtgrp->mode == RDT_MODE_PSEUDO_LOCKED) {
+		rdt_last_cmd_puts("Resource group is pseudo-locked\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (rdtgrp->type == RDTMON_GROUP)
+		closid = rdtgrp->mon.parent->closid;
+	else
+		closid = rdtgrp->closid;
+
+	resctrl_arch_configure_kmode(r, &resctrl_kcfg, closid, rdtgrp->mon.rmid);
+
+	resctrl_arch_set_kmode(&rdtgrp->cpu_mask, &resctrl_kcfg, closid,
+			       rdtgrp->mon.rmid, enable);
+	rdtgrp->kmode = enable;
+	if (enable)
+		resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp = rdtgrp;
+	else
+		resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp = NULL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * resctrl_kernel_mode_write() - Set current kernel mode via info/kernel_mode
+ * @of:	kernfs file handle.
+ * @buf:	Mode name string (e.g. "inherit_ctrl_and_mon"); must end with newline.
+ * @nbytes:	Length of buf.
+ * @off:	File offset (unused).
+ *
+ * Accepts one of the names in kmodes[]. The mode must be supported by the
+ * platform (resctrl_kcfg.kmode). On success updates resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur.
+ * Errors are reported in last_cmd_status.
+ *
+ * Return: nbytes on success, or -EINVAL with last_cmd_status set on error.
+ */
+static ssize_t resctrl_kernel_mode_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
+					 char *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+	u32 kmode;
+	int i;
+
+	if (nbytes == 0 || buf[nbytes - 1] != '\n')
+		return -EINVAL;
+	buf[nbytes - 1] = '\0';
+
+	mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
+	rdt_last_cmd_clear();
+
+	for (i = 0; i < RESCTRL_KERNEL_MODES_NUM; i++) {
+		if (strcmp(buf, kmodes[i].name) != 0)
+			continue;
+		/* Mode name matched; reject if not supported by this platform. */
+		if (!(resctrl_kcfg.kmode & kmodes[i].val)) {
+			rdt_last_cmd_puts("Kernel mode not available\n");
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+		if (resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur != kmodes[i].val) {
+			kmode = resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur;
+			resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur = kmodes[i].val;
+			if (resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp) {
+				ret = rdtgroup_config_kmode(resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp, true);
+				if (ret) {
+					/* Revert to the previous mode. */
+					resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur = kmode;
+					rdt_last_cmd_puts("Kernel mode change failed\n");
+				}
+			}
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+	}
+
+	rdt_last_cmd_puts("Unknown or unsupported kernel mode\n");
+	ret = -EINVAL;
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
+	return ret ?: nbytes;
+}
+
 void *rdt_kn_parent_priv(struct kernfs_node *kn)
 {
 	/*
@@ -1922,9 +2020,10 @@ static struct rftype res_common_files[] = {
 	},
 	{
 		.name		= "kernel_mode",
-		.mode		= 0444,
+		.mode		= 0644,
 		.kf_ops		= &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
 		.seq_show	= resctrl_kernel_mode_show,
+		.write		= resctrl_kernel_mode_write,
 		.fflags		= RFTYPE_TOP_INFO,
 	},
 	{
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 12/16] fs/resctrl: Add info/kernel_mode_assignment to show kernel-mode rdtgroup

[Babu Moger]

Add the interface info/kernel_mode_assignment file to show the rdtgroup
enabled for kernel mode (e.g. PLZA).

The assigned rdtgroup list is printed in following format:

       "<CTRL_MON group>/<MON group>/"

       Format for specific type of groups:

       * Default CTRL_MON group:
	 "//"

       * Non-default CTRL_MON group:
         "<CTRL_MON group>//"

       * Child MON group of default CTRL_MON group:
         "/<MON group>/"

       * Child MON group of non-default CTRL_MON group:
               "<CTRL_MON group>/<MON group>/"

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
    https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
---
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 46 insertions(+)

diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index 6cd928fabaa2..c2d6d1995dff 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -1117,6 +1117,45 @@ static ssize_t resctrl_kernel_mode_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 	return ret ?: nbytes;
 }
 
+/**
+ * resctrl_kernel_mode_assignment_show() - Show rdtgroup assigned to kernel mode
+ * @of:	kernfs file handle.
+ * @s:	seq_file to write to.
+ * @v:	unused.
+ *
+ * Prints the rdtgroup (resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp) used for kernel work when a
+ * kernel mode is active (e.g. PLZA).
+ * Format: "CTRL_MON/MON/\n"
+ * "//" for default CTRL_MON,
+ * "ctrl_name//" for a CTRL_MON group,
+ * "/mon_name/" for a MON group under default,
+ * "ctrl_name/mon_name/" otherwise.
+ *
+ * Prints "Kmode is not configured" if no rdtgroup is assigned.
+ */
+static int resctrl_kernel_mode_assignment_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
+					       struct seq_file *s, void *v)
+{
+	mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
+	if (!resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp) {
+		seq_puts(s, "Kmode is not configured");
+	} else if (resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp == &rdtgroup_default) {
+		seq_puts(s, "//");
+	} else if (resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP) {
+		seq_printf(s, "%s//", rdt_kn_name(resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->kn));
+	} else if (resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->type == RDTMON_GROUP) {
+		if (resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->mon.parent == &rdtgroup_default)
+			seq_printf(s, "/%s/", rdt_kn_name(resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->kn));
+		else
+			seq_printf(s, "%s/%s/",
+				   rdt_kn_name(resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->mon.parent->kn),
+				   rdt_kn_name(resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->kn));
+	}
+	seq_puts(s, "\n");
+	mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 void *rdt_kn_parent_priv(struct kernfs_node *kn)
 {
 	/*
@@ -2026,6 +2065,13 @@ static struct rftype res_common_files[] = {
 		.write		= resctrl_kernel_mode_write,
 		.fflags		= RFTYPE_TOP_INFO,
 	},
+	{
+		.name		= "kernel_mode_assignment",
+		.mode		= 0444,
+		.kf_ops		= &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
+		.seq_show	= resctrl_kernel_mode_assignment_show,
+		.fflags		= RFTYPE_TOP_INFO,
+	},
 	{
 		.name		= "mbm_assign_on_mkdir",
 		.mode		= 0644,
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 13/16] fs/resctrl: Add write interface for kernel_mode_assignment

[Babu Moger]

Allow enabling kernel mode assignment (PLZA) for resctrl groups via the
kernel_mode_assignment sysfs file. Add a kmode flag to struct rdtgroup to
track the state, enforce that only one group has PLZA at a time, and clear
kmode when groups are removed or during rmdir_all_sub teardown.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
    https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
---
 Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst |  35 ++++++
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c                 | 148 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst
index 2107dd4b3649..2b4beedd7207 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/resctrl.rst
@@ -548,6 +548,41 @@ conveyed in the error returns from file operations. E.g.
 	- "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon": One resource group (CLOSID and RMID)
 	  is assigned for all kernel work.
 
+"kernel_mode_assignment":
+	In the top level of the "info" directory, "kernel_mode_assignment" shows
+	and (when a global-assign kernel mode is active) sets which resctrl group
+	is used for kernel mode. It is only relevant when "kernel_mode" is not
+        "inherit_ctrl_and_mon".
+
+	Reading the file shows the currently assigned group in the form
+	"CTRL_MON/MON/" with a newline::
+
+	  # cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
+	  //
+
+	Possible read formats:
+
+	- "//": Default CTRL_MON group is assigned.
+	- "ctrl_name//": A CTRL_MON group named "ctrl_name" is assigned.
+	- "/mon_name/": A MON group named "mon_name" under the default CTRL_MON
+	  group is assigned.
+	- "ctrl_name/mon_name/": A MON group named "mon_name" under the CTRL_MON
+	  group "ctrl_name" is assigned.
+	- "Kmode is not configured": No group is assigned for kernel mode.
+
+	Writing assigns a group for kernel mode. The write is only allowed when
+	the current kernel mode is not "inherit_ctrl_and_mon". Input format is
+	one or more lines, each of the form "CTRL_MON/MON/" (same as the read
+	format). Examples::
+
+	  # echo "//" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
+	  # echo "mydir//" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
+	  # echo "mydir/mon1/" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
+
+	An empty write (e.g. ``echo >> info/kernel_mode_assignment``) clears the
+	assignment. Only one group can be assigned at a time. Pseudo-locked
+	groups cannot be assigned. Errors are reported in "info/last_cmd_status".
+
 Resource alloc and monitor groups
 =================================
 
diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index c2d6d1995dff..23e610d59111 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -1156,6 +1156,137 @@ static int resctrl_kernel_mode_assignment_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * rdtgroup_find_grp_by_name() - Find an rdtgroup by type and parent/child names
+ * @rtype:	RDTCTRL_GROUP or RDTMON_GROUP.
+ * @p_grp:	Parent CTRL_MON group name, or "" for the default group.
+ * @c_grp:	Child MON group name (only used when rtype is RDTMON_GROUP).
+ *
+ * Return: The rdtgroup, or NULL if not found.
+ */
+static struct rdtgroup *rdtgroup_find_grp_by_name(enum rdt_group_type rtype,
+						  char *p_grp, char *c_grp)
+{
+	struct rdtgroup *rdtg, *crg;
+
+	if (rtype == RDTCTRL_GROUP && *p_grp == '\0') {
+		return &rdtgroup_default;
+	} else if (rtype == RDTCTRL_GROUP) {
+		list_for_each_entry(rdtg, &rdt_all_groups, rdtgroup_list)
+			if (rdtg->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP && !strcmp(p_grp, rdtg->kn->name))
+				return rdtg;
+	} else if (rtype == RDTMON_GROUP) {
+		list_for_each_entry(rdtg, &rdt_all_groups, rdtgroup_list) {
+			if (rdtg->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP && !strcmp(p_grp, rdtg->kn->name)) {
+				list_for_each_entry(crg, &rdtg->mon.crdtgrp_list,
+						    mon.crdtgrp_list) {
+					if (!strcmp(c_grp, crg->kn->name))
+						return crg;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/**
+ * resctrl_kernel_mode_assignment_write() - Set rdtgroup for kernel mode via info file
+ * @of:	kernfs file handle.
+ * @buf:	Input: "CTRL_MON/MON/" per line (e.g. "//" for default,
+ *		"ctrl1//" or "ctrl1/mon1/"); empty string clears the assignment.
+ * @nbytes:	Length of buf.
+ * @off:	File offset (unused).
+ *
+ * Only valid when kernel mode is not inherit_ctrl_and_mon. Empty write clears
+ * the current assignment. Parses lines as "parent/child/"; empty child means
+ * CTRL_MON group. Errors are reported in last_cmd_status.
+ *
+ * Return: nbytes on success, or -EINVAL with last_cmd_status set on error.
+ */
+static ssize_t resctrl_kernel_mode_assignment_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
+						    char *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
+{
+	struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp;
+	char *token, *cmon_grp, *mon_grp;
+	enum rdt_group_type rtype;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (nbytes == 0 || buf[nbytes - 1] != '\n')
+		return -EINVAL;
+	buf[nbytes - 1] = '\0';
+	buf = strim(buf);
+
+	mutex_lock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
+	rdt_last_cmd_clear();
+
+	if (resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur & INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON) {
+		rdt_last_cmd_puts("Cannot change kmode in inherit_ctrl_and_mon\n");
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Group can be deleted from Kmode by empty write: e.g.
+	 * "echo >> /sys/fs/resctrl/info/kernel_mode_assignment"
+	 */
+	if (*buf == '\0') {
+		if (resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp) {
+			ret = rdtgroup_config_kmode(resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp, false);
+			if (ret)
+				rdt_last_cmd_printf("Kernel mode disable failed on group %s\n",
+						    rdt_kn_name(resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->kn));
+		}
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	/* Only one group can be assigned for kernel mode at a time. */
+	if (resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp) {
+		rdt_last_cmd_printf("Kernel mode already configured on group %s\n",
+				    rdt_kn_name(resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp->kn));
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	while ((token = strsep(&buf, "\n")) != NULL) {
+		/*
+		 * Each line has the format "<CTRL_MON group>/<MON group>/".
+		 * Extract the CTRL_MON group name.
+		 */
+		cmon_grp = strsep(&token, "/");
+
+		/*
+		 * Extract the MON_GROUP.
+		 * strsep returns empty string for contiguous delimiters.
+		 * Empty mon_grp here means it is a RDTCTRL_GROUP.
+		 */
+		mon_grp = strsep(&token, "/");
+
+		if (*mon_grp == '\0')
+			rtype = RDTCTRL_GROUP;
+		else
+			rtype = RDTMON_GROUP;
+
+		rdtgrp = rdtgroup_find_grp_by_name(rtype, cmon_grp, mon_grp);
+
+		if (!rdtgrp) {
+			rdt_last_cmd_puts("Not a valid resctrl group\n");
+			ret = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+
+		if (!rdtgrp->kmode) {
+			ret = rdtgroup_config_kmode(rdtgrp, true);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+out_unlock:
+	mutex_unlock(&rdtgroup_mutex);
+	return ret ?: nbytes;
+}
+
 void *rdt_kn_parent_priv(struct kernfs_node *kn)
 {
 	/*
@@ -2067,9 +2198,10 @@ static struct rftype res_common_files[] = {
 	},
 	{
 		.name		= "kernel_mode_assignment",
-		.mode		= 0444,
+		.mode		= 0644,
 		.kf_ops		= &rdtgroup_kf_single_ops,
 		.seq_show	= resctrl_kernel_mode_assignment_show,
+		.write		= resctrl_kernel_mode_assignment_write,
 		.fflags		= RFTYPE_TOP_INFO,
 	},
 	{
@@ -3248,6 +3380,10 @@ static void rmdir_all_sub(void)
 	rdt_move_group_tasks(NULL, &rdtgroup_default, NULL);
 
 	list_for_each_entry_safe(rdtgrp, tmp, &rdt_all_groups, rdtgroup_list) {
+		/* Disable Kmode if configured */
+		if (rdtgrp->kmode)
+			rdtgroup_config_kmode(rdtgrp, false);
+
 		/* Free any child rmids */
 		free_all_child_rdtgrp(rdtgrp);
 
@@ -3358,6 +3494,8 @@ static void resctrl_fs_teardown(void)
 	mon_put_kn_priv();
 	rdt_pseudo_lock_release();
 	rdtgroup_default.mode = RDT_MODE_SHAREABLE;
+	resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp = NULL;
+	resctrl_kcfg.kmode_cur = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
 	closid_exit();
 	schemata_list_destroy();
 	rdtgroup_destroy_root();
@@ -4156,6 +4294,10 @@ static int rdtgroup_rmdir_mon(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, cpumask_var_t tmpmask)
 	u32 closid, rmid;
 	int cpu;
 
+	/* Disable Kmode if configured */
+	if (rdtgrp->kmode)
+		rdtgroup_config_kmode(rdtgrp, false);
+
 	/* Give any tasks back to the parent group */
 	rdt_move_group_tasks(rdtgrp, prdtgrp, tmpmask);
 
@@ -4206,6 +4348,10 @@ static int rdtgroup_rmdir_ctrl(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, cpumask_var_t tmpmask)
 	u32 closid, rmid;
 	int cpu;
 
+	/* Disable Kmode if configured */
+	if (rdtgrp->kmode)
+		rdtgroup_config_kmode(rdtgrp, false);
+
 	/* Give any tasks back to the default group */
 	rdt_move_group_tasks(rdtgrp, &rdtgroup_default, tmpmask);
 
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 14/16] fs/resctrl: Update kmode configuration when cpu_mask changes

[Babu Moger]

When kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) is active for a resctrl group, per-CPU
state must stay in sync with the group's cpu_mask. If the user
changes the cpus file, we must enable kmode on newly added CPUs and
disable it on CPUs that left the group.

Add cpus_write_kmode(), which calls cpus_ctrl_write_kmode() for
CTRL_MON groups and cpus_mon_write_kmode() for MON groups.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: Fixed few typos in commit message.
    Added separate functions to handle kmode configuration for CTRL_MON and MON groups.
---
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c | 149 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 148 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index 23e610d59111..31479893633a 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -456,6 +456,150 @@ static void cpumask_rdtgrp_clear(struct rdtgroup *r, struct cpumask *m)
 		cpumask_and(&crgrp->cpu_mask, &r->cpu_mask, &crgrp->cpu_mask);
 }
 
+/**
+ * cpus_mon_write_kmode() - Update per-CPU kmode when a MON group's cpu_mask changes
+ * @rdtgrp:	The MON group whose cpu_mask is being updated.
+ * @newmask:	The new CPU mask requested by the user.
+ * @tmpmask:	Temporary mask for computing CPU set differences.
+ *
+ * When CPUs are dropped from the group, disables kmode on those CPUs and
+ * returns them to the parent. When CPUs are added, removes them from sibling
+ * MON groups and enables kmode on them. Caller must hold rdtgroup_mutex.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, or -EINVAL if newmask contains CPUs outside the parent.
+ */
+static int cpus_mon_write_kmode(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, cpumask_var_t newmask,
+				cpumask_var_t tmpmask)
+{
+	struct rdtgroup *prgrp = rdtgrp->mon.parent, *crgrp;
+	struct list_head *head;
+
+	/* Check whether cpus belong to parent ctrl group */
+	cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, newmask, &prgrp->cpu_mask);
+	if (!cpumask_empty(tmpmask)) {
+		rdt_last_cmd_puts("Can only add CPUs to mongroup that belong to parent\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Check whether cpus are dropped from this group */
+	cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask, newmask);
+	if (!cpumask_empty(tmpmask)) {
+		/* Give any dropped cpus to parent rdtgroup */
+		cpumask_or(&prgrp->cpu_mask, &prgrp->cpu_mask, tmpmask);
+
+		/* Disable kmode on the dropped CPUs */
+		resctrl_arch_set_kmode(tmpmask, &resctrl_kcfg, prgrp->closid,
+				       rdtgrp->mon.rmid, false);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we added cpus, remove them from previous group that owned them
+	 * and enable kmode on added CPUs.
+	 */
+	cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, newmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask);
+	if (!cpumask_empty(tmpmask)) {
+		head = &prgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list;
+		list_for_each_entry(crgrp, head, mon.crdtgrp_list) {
+			if (crgrp == rdtgrp)
+				continue;
+			cpumask_andnot(&crgrp->cpu_mask, &crgrp->cpu_mask, tmpmask);
+		}
+		resctrl_arch_set_kmode(tmpmask, &resctrl_kcfg, prgrp->closid,
+				       rdtgrp->mon.rmid, true);
+	}
+
+	/* Done pushing/pulling - update this group with new mask */
+	cpumask_copy(&rdtgrp->cpu_mask, newmask);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * cpus_ctrl_write_kmode() - Update per-CPU kmode when a CTRL group's cpu_mask changes
+ * @rdtgrp:	The CTRL_MON group whose cpu_mask is being updated.
+ * @newmask:	The new CPU mask requested by the user.
+ * @tmpmask:	Temporary mask for computing CPU set differences.
+ * @tmpmask1:	Second temporary mask (e.g. for cpumask_rdtgrp_clear).
+ *
+ * When CPUs are dropped from the group, disables kmode on those CPUs (cannot
+ * drop from default group). When CPUs are added, clears them from child groups
+ * that owned them and enables kmode on them. Updates this group's cpu_mask and
+ * intersects child MON group masks with the new parent mask. Caller must hold
+ * rdtgroup_mutex.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, or -EINVAL if dropping CPUs from the default group.
+ */
+static int cpus_ctrl_write_kmode(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, cpumask_var_t newmask,
+				 cpumask_var_t tmpmask, cpumask_var_t tmpmask1)
+{
+	struct rdtgroup *crgrp;
+	struct list_head *head;
+
+	/* Check whether cpus are dropped from this group */
+	cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask, newmask);
+	if (!cpumask_empty(tmpmask)) {
+		/* Can't drop from default group */
+		if (rdtgrp == &rdtgroup_default) {
+			rdt_last_cmd_puts("Can't drop CPUs from default group\n");
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		/* Disable kmode on the dropped CPUs */
+		resctrl_arch_set_kmode(tmpmask, &resctrl_kcfg, rdtgrp->closid,
+				       rdtgrp->mon.rmid, false);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we added cpus, remove them from child groups that owned them
+	 * previously.
+	 */
+	cpumask_andnot(tmpmask, newmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask);
+	if (!cpumask_empty(tmpmask)) {
+		cpumask_rdtgrp_clear(rdtgrp, tmpmask1);
+		/* Enable kmode on the added CPUs */
+		resctrl_arch_set_kmode(tmpmask, &resctrl_kcfg, rdtgrp->closid,
+				       rdtgrp->mon.rmid, true);
+	}
+
+	/* Done pushing/pulling - update this group with new mask */
+	cpumask_copy(&rdtgrp->cpu_mask, newmask);
+
+	/* Clear child mon group masks since there is a new parent mask now */
+	head = &rdtgrp->mon.crdtgrp_list;
+	list_for_each_entry(crgrp, head, mon.crdtgrp_list) {
+		cpumask_and(tmpmask, &rdtgrp->cpu_mask, &crgrp->cpu_mask);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * cpus_write_kmode() - Update per-CPU kmode for a group's new cpu_mask
+ * @rdtgrp:	The group (CTRL_MON or MON) whose cpu_mask is being updated.
+ * @newmask:	The new CPU mask requested by the user.
+ * @tmpmask:	Temporary mask for computing CPU set differences.
+ * @tmpmask1:	Second temporary mask (only used for CTRL_MON groups).
+ *
+ * Dispatches to cpus_ctrl_write_kmode() or cpus_mon_write_kmode() based on
+ * group type. Used when the group has kmode enabled and the user writes to
+ * the cpus file.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, or -EINVAL on error.
+ */
+static int cpus_write_kmode(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, cpumask_var_t newmask,
+			    cpumask_var_t tmpmask, cpumask_var_t tmpmask1)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (rdtgrp->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP)
+		ret = cpus_ctrl_write_kmode(rdtgrp, newmask, tmpmask, tmpmask1);
+	else if (rdtgrp->type == RDTMON_GROUP)
+		ret = cpus_mon_write_kmode(rdtgrp, newmask, tmpmask);
+	else
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int cpus_ctrl_write(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, cpumask_var_t newmask,
 			   cpumask_var_t tmpmask, cpumask_var_t tmpmask1)
 {
@@ -566,7 +710,10 @@ static ssize_t rdtgroup_cpus_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 		goto unlock;
 	}
 
-	if (rdtgrp->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP)
+	/* Group has kernel mode: update per-CPU kmode state for new mask. */
+	if (rdtgrp->kmode)
+		ret = cpus_write_kmode(rdtgrp, newmask, tmpmask, tmpmask1);
+	else if (rdtgrp->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP)
 		ret = cpus_ctrl_write(rdtgrp, newmask, tmpmask, tmpmask1);
 	else if (rdtgrp->type == RDTMON_GROUP)
 		ret = cpus_mon_write(rdtgrp, newmask, tmpmask);
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 15/16] x86/resctrl: Refactor show_rdt_tasks() to support PLZA tasks

[Babu Moger]

Refactor show_rdt_tasks() to use a new rdt_task_match() helper that checks
t->kmode when kmode (e.g. PLZA) is enabled for a group, falling back to
CLOSID/RMID matching otherwise. This ensures correct task display for
PLZA-enabled groups.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: Added more code comments for clarity.
---
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 34 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index 31479893633a..b41e681f6922 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -966,6 +966,34 @@ static ssize_t rdtgroup_tasks_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 	return ret ?: nbytes;
 }
 
+/**
+ * rdt_task_match() - Decide if a task belongs to an rdtgroup for display
+ * @t:		Task to check.
+ * @r:		Rdtgroup (for CLOSID/RMID matching when not kmode).
+ * @kmode:	True if @r has kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) enabled.
+ *
+ * When @kmode is true, matches tasks that have kernel mode set (they are
+ * associated with this group via PLZA). Otherwise matches by CLOSID or RMID.
+ *
+ * Return: true if @t should be shown as belonging to @r.
+ */
+static inline bool rdt_task_match(struct task_struct *t,
+				  struct rdtgroup *r, bool kmode)
+{
+	if (kmode)
+		return t->kmode;
+
+	return is_closid_match(t, r) || is_rmid_match(t, r);
+}
+
+/**
+ * show_rdt_tasks() - List task PIDs that belong to the rdtgroup
+ * @r:		Rdtgroup whose tasks to list.
+ * @s:		seq_file to write PIDs to.
+ *
+ * Uses rdt_task_match() so that when the group has kernel mode (e.g. PLZA)
+ * enabled, tasks are matched by t->kmode; otherwise by CLOSID/RMID.
+ */
 static void show_rdt_tasks(struct rdtgroup *r, struct seq_file *s)
 {
 	struct task_struct *p, *t;
@@ -973,11 +1001,12 @@ static void show_rdt_tasks(struct rdtgroup *r, struct seq_file *s)
 
 	rcu_read_lock();
 	for_each_process_thread(p, t) {
-		if (is_closid_match(t, r) || is_rmid_match(t, r)) {
-			pid = task_pid_vnr(t);
-			if (pid)
-				seq_printf(s, "%d\n", pid);
-		}
+		if (!rdt_task_match(t, r, r->kmode))
+			continue;
+
+		pid = task_pid_vnr(t);
+		if (pid)
+			seq_printf(s, "%d\n", pid);
 	}
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH v2 16/16] fs/resctrl: Add per-task kmode enable support via rdtgroup

[Babu Moger]

Introduce support for enabling kmode on a per-task basis through the
resctrl control-group interface.

Add an architecture helper to set the kmode state in the task structure and
extend the rdtgroup task handling path to apply kmode (e.g. PLZA) when
associating a task with a CTRL_MON or MON group.

Proper memory ordering is enforced to ensure that task closid and rmid
updates are visible before determining whether the task is currently
running. If the task is active on a CPU, the relevant MSRs are updated
immediately; otherwise, PLZA state is programmed on the next context
switch.

Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
---
v2: Few name changes to refer PLZA as kmode.
---
 arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h | 13 +++++
 fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c          | 98 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 2 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
index ccfd95b98bac..f48d1279e33d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/resctrl.h
@@ -238,6 +238,19 @@ static inline void resctrl_arch_set_cpu_kmode(int cpu, u32 closid, u32 rmid, u32
 	WRITE_ONCE(per_cpu(pqr_state.kmode_rmid, cpu), rmid);
 }
 
+/**
+ * resctrl_arch_set_task_kmode() - Set per-task kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) flag
+ * @tsk:	Task to update.
+ * @enable:	1 to enable kmode for this task; 0 to disable.
+ *
+ * When enabled, the task will use the group's CLOSID/RMID for kernel mode
+ * on context switch (see __resctrl_sched_in()).
+ */
+static inline void resctrl_arch_set_task_kmode(struct task_struct *tsk, u32 enable)
+{
+	WRITE_ONCE(tsk->kmode, enable);
+}
+
 static inline void resctrl_arch_sched_in(struct task_struct *tsk)
 {
 	if (static_branch_likely(&rdt_enable_key))
diff --git a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
index b41e681f6922..74fc942e6a4e 100644
--- a/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
+++ b/fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c
@@ -827,6 +827,31 @@ static int __rdtgroup_move_task(struct task_struct *tsk,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * __rdtgroup_task_kmode() - Enable kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) for a single task
+ * @tsk:	Task to enable kmode for.
+ * @rdtgrp:	Rdtgroup with kmode enabled (used for context; CLOSID/RMID applied on sched-in).
+ *
+ * Sets t->kmode so that the task uses the group's CLOSID/RMID on context
+ * switch. Memory ordering ensures the store is visible before we check if
+ * the task is current (and thus before any sched-in that may observe it).
+ *
+ * Return: 0.
+ */
+static int __rdtgroup_task_kmode(struct task_struct *tsk, struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp)
+{
+	resctrl_arch_set_task_kmode(tsk, true);
+
+	/*
+	 * Order the task's kmode state stores above before the loads in
+	 * task_curr(). This pairs with the full barrier between the
+	 * rq->curr update and resctrl_arch_sched_in() during context switch.
+	 */
+	smp_mb();
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static bool is_closid_match(struct task_struct *t, struct rdtgroup *r)
 {
 	return (resctrl_arch_alloc_capable() && (r->type == RDTCTRL_GROUP) &&
@@ -916,6 +941,48 @@ static int rdtgroup_move_task(pid_t pid, struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+/**
+ * rdtgroup_task_kmode() - Enable kernel mode for a task added to a kmode group
+ * @pid:	PID of the task (0 for current).
+ * @rdtgrp:	Rdtgroup with kmode enabled.
+ * @of:		kernfs file (for permission check).
+ *
+ * Called when a task is written to the "tasks" file of a group that has
+ * kernel mode enabled. Enables kmode for that task so it uses the group's
+ * CLOSID/RMID on context switch. If the task is currently running, MSRs are
+ * updated on next sched-in.
+ *
+ * Return: 0 on success, or -ESRCH/-EPERM on error.
+ */
+static int rdtgroup_task_kmode(pid_t pid, struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp,
+			       struct kernfs_open_file *of)
+{
+	struct task_struct *tsk;
+	int ret;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	if (pid) {
+		tsk = find_task_by_vpid(pid);
+		if (!tsk) {
+			rcu_read_unlock();
+			rdt_last_cmd_printf("No task %d\n", pid);
+			return -ESRCH;
+		}
+	} else {
+		tsk = current;
+	}
+
+	get_task_struct(tsk);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+
+	ret = rdtgroup_task_write_permission(tsk, of);
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = __rdtgroup_task_kmode(tsk, rdtgrp);
+
+	put_task_struct(tsk);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static ssize_t rdtgroup_tasks_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 				    char *buf, size_t nbytes, loff_t off)
 {
@@ -953,7 +1020,11 @@ static ssize_t rdtgroup_tasks_write(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 			break;
 		}
 
-		ret = rdtgroup_move_task(pid, rdtgrp, of);
+		/* Group has kmode: set task kmode; else move task CLOSID/RMID. */
+		if (rdtgrp->kmode)
+			ret = rdtgroup_task_kmode(pid, rdtgrp, of);
+		else
+			ret = rdtgroup_move_task(pid, rdtgrp, of);
 		if (ret) {
 			rdt_last_cmd_printf("Error while processing task %d\n", pid);
 			break;
@@ -1011,6 +1082,28 @@ static void show_rdt_tasks(struct rdtgroup *r, struct seq_file *s)
 	rcu_read_unlock();
 }
 
+/**
+ * rdt_task_set_kmode() - Set or clear kmode for all tasks in the rdtgroup
+ * @r:		Rdtgroup (must have r->kmode set for matching).
+ * @kmode:	True to set t->kmode for each matching task; false to clear.
+ *
+ * Walks all tasks that belong to @r (via rdt_task_match) and updates their
+ * per-task kmode flag. Used when enabling or disabling kernel mode for the
+ * group so existing members get the new state.
+ */
+static void rdt_task_set_kmode(struct rdtgroup *r, bool kmode)
+{
+	struct task_struct *p, *t;
+
+	rcu_read_lock();
+	for_each_process_thread(p, t) {
+		if (!rdt_task_match(t, r, r->kmode))
+			continue;
+		resctrl_arch_set_task_kmode(t, kmode);
+	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+}
+
 static int rdtgroup_tasks_show(struct kernfs_open_file *of,
 			       struct seq_file *s, void *v)
 {
@@ -1225,6 +1318,9 @@ static int rdtgroup_config_kmode(struct rdtgroup *rdtgrp, bool enable)
 
 	resctrl_arch_set_kmode(&rdtgrp->cpu_mask, &resctrl_kcfg, closid,
 			       rdtgrp->mon.rmid, enable);
+
+	rdt_task_set_kmode(rdtgrp, enable);
+
 	rdtgrp->kmode = enable;
 	if (enable)
 		resctrl_kcfg.k_rdtgrp = rdtgrp;
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH v2 00/16] fs,x86/resctrl: Add kernel-mode (e.g., PLZA) support to the resctrl subsystem

[Askar Safin]

Please, remove me from CC list in future versions of this patchset

-- 
Askar Safin

Re: [PATCH v2 00/16] fs,x86/resctrl: Add kernel-mode (e.g., PLZA) support to the resctrl subsystem

[Reinette Chatre]

Hi Babu,

On 3/12/26 1:36 PM, Babu Moger wrote:
> 
> This series adds support for Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA) to the
> resctrl subsystem. PLZA is an AMD feature that allows specifying a CLOSID
> and/or RMID for execution in kernel mode (privilege level zero), so that
> kernel work is not subject to the same resource constrains as the current
> user-space task. This avoids kernel operations being aggressively throttled
> when a task's memory bandwidth is heavily limited.
> 
> The feature documentation is not yet publicly available, but it is expected
> to be released in the next few weeks. In the meantime, a brief description
> of the features is provided below. 
> 
> Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA) 
> 
> Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA) allows the hardware to
> automatically associate execution in Privilege Level Zero (CPL=0) with a
> specific COS (Class of Service) and/or RMID (Resource Monitoring
> Identifier). The QoS feature set already has a mechanism to associate
> execution on each logical processor with an RMID or COS. PLZA allows the
> system to override this per-thread association for a thread that is
> executing with CPL=0. 
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> The series introduces the feature in a way that supports the interface in
> a generic manner to accomodate MPAM or other vendor specific implimentation.
> 
> Below is the detailed requirements provided by Reinette:
> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/

Our discussion considered how resctrl could support PLZA in a generic way while
also preparing to support MPAM's variants and how PLZA may evolve to have similar
capabilities when considering the capabilities of its registers. 

This does not mean that your work needs to implement everything that was discussed.
Instead, this work is expected to just support what PLZA is capable of today but
do so in a way that the future enhancements could be added to.

This series is quite difficult to follow since it appears to implement a full
featured generic interface while PLZA cannot take advantage of it.

Could you please simplify this work to focus on just enabling PLZA and only
add interfaces needed to do so?

> 
> Summary:
> 1. Kernel-mode/PLZA controls and status should be exposed under the resctrl
>    info directory:/sys/fs/resctrl/info/, not as a separate or arch-specific path.
> 
> 2. Add two info files
> 
>  a. kernel_mode
>     Purpose: Control how resource allocation and monitoring apply in kernel mode
>     (e.g. inherit from task vs global assign).
> 
>     Read: List supported modes and show current one (e.g. with [brackets]).
>     Write: Set current mode by name (e.g. inherit_ctrl_and_mon, global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon).
> 
> b. kernel_mode_assignment
> 
>    Purpose: When a “global assign” kernel mode is active, specify which resctrl group
>    (CLOSID/RMID) is used for kernel work.
> 
>    Read: Show the assigned group in a path-like form (e.g. //, ctrl1//, ctrl1/mon1/).
>    Write: Assign or clear the group used for kernel mode (and optionally clear with an empty write).
> 
> The patches are based on top of commit (v7.0.0-rc3)
> 839e91ce3f41b (tip/master) Merge branch into tip/master: 'x86/tdx'
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> Examples: kernel_mode and kernel_mode_assignment
> 
> All paths below are under /sys/fs/resctrl/ (e.g. info/kernel_mode means
> /sys/fs/resctrl/info/kernel_mode). Resctrl must be mounted and the platform
> must support the relevant modes (e.g. AMD with PLZA).
> 
> 1) kernel_mode — show and set the current kernel mode
> 
>    Read supported modes and which one is active (current in brackets):
> 
>      $ cat info/kernel_mode
>      [inherit_ctrl_and_mon]
>      global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
>      global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon
> 
>    Set the active mode (e.g. use one CLOSID+RMID for all kernel work):
> 
>      $ echo "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon" > info/kernel_mode
>      $ cat info/kernel_mode
>      inherit_ctrl_and_mon
>      global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
>      [global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon]
> 
>    Mode meanings:
>    - inherit_ctrl_and_mon: kernel uses same CLOSID/RMID as the current task (default).
>    - global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon: one CLOSID for all kernel work; RMID inherited from user.
>    - global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon: one resource group (CLOSID+RMID) for all kernel work.
> 
> 2) kernel_mode_assignment — show and set which group is used for kernel work
> 
>    Only relevant when kernel_mode is not "inherit_ctrl_and_mon". Read the

To help with future usages please connect visibility of this file with the mode in
info/kernel_mode. This helps us to support future modes with other resctrl files, possible
within each resource group.
Specifically, kernel_mode_assignment is not visible to user space if mode is "inherit_ctrl_and_mon",
while it is visible when mode is global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon or global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon.

>    currently assigned group (path format is "CTRL_MON/MON/"):

The format depends on the mode, right? If the mode is "global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon"
then it should only contain a control group, alternatively, if the mode is
"global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon" then it contains control and mon group. This gives
resctrl future flexibility to change format for future modes.

We should also consider the scenario when it is a "monitoring only" system, which can
happen independent from what hardware actually supports, for example, if user boots
with "rdt=!l3cat,!l2cat,!mba,!smba". In this case I assume CLOS should just always be
zero and thus only "default control group" is accepted?

> 
>      $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
>      //
> 
>    "//" means the default CTRL_MON group is assigned. Assign a specific
>    group instead (e.g. a CTRL_MON group "ctrl1", or a MON group "mon1" under it):
> 
>      $ echo "ctrl1//" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
>      $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
>      ctrl1//
> 
>      $ echo "ctrl1/mon1/" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
>      $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
>      ctrl1/mon1/
> 
>    Clear the assignment (no dedicated group for kernel work):
> 
>      $ echo >> info/kernel_mode_assignment
>      $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
>      Kmode is not configured

This does not look right. Would this not create a conflict between info/kernel_mode
and info/kernel_mode_assignment about what the current mode is? The way I see it
info/kernel_mode_assignment must always contain a valid group.

> 
>    Errors (e.g. invalid group name or unsupported mode) are reported in
>    info/last_cmd_status.
> 
> ---
> 
> v2: 
>      This is similar to RFC with new proposal. Names of the some interfaces
>      are not final. Lets fix that later as we move forward.
> 
>      Separated the two features: Global Bandwidth Enforcement (GLBE) and
>      Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA).
>  
>      This series only adds support for PLZA.
> 
>      Used the name of the feature as kmode instead of PLZA. That can be changed as well.
> 
>      Tony suggested using global variables to store the kernel mode
>      CLOSID and RMID. However, the kernel mode CLOSID and RMID are
>      coming from rdtgroup structure with the new interface. Accessing
>      them requires holding the associated lock, which would make the
>      context switch path unnecessarily expensive. So, dropped the idea.
>      https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/aXuxVSbk1GR2ttzF@agluck-desk3/
>      Let me know if there are other ways to optimize this.

I do not see why the context switch path needs to be touched at all with this
implementation. Since PLZA only supports global assignment does it not mean that resctrl
only needs to update PQR_PLZA_ASSOC when user writes to info/kernel_mode and
info/kernel_mode_assignment?

Consider some of the scenarios:

resctrl mount with default state:

	# cat info/kernel_mode
	[inherit_ctrl_and_mon]
	global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
	global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon
	# ls info/kernel_mode_assignment
	ls: cannot access 'info/kernel_mode_assignment': No such file or directory

enable global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon mode:
	# echo "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon" > info/kernel_mode

Expectation here is that when user space sets this mode as above then resctrl would
in turn program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=1
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=1
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=1

I do not see why it is necessary to maintain any per-CPU or per-task state or needing
to touch the context switch code. Since PLZA only supports global could it not
just set MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all online CPUs and be done with it?
Only caveat is that if a CPU is offline then this setting needs to be stashed
so that MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC can be set when new CPU comes online.

The way that rdtgroup_config_kmode() introduced in patch #11 assumes it is dealing
with RDT_RESOURCE_L3 and traverses the resource domain list and resource group
CPU mask seems unnecessary to me as well as error prone since the system may only
have, for example, RDT_RESOURCE_MBA enabled or even just monitoring. Why not just set
MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs and be done?

To continue the scenarios ...

After user's setting above related files read:
	# cat info/kernel_mode
	inherit_ctrl_and_mon
	global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
	[global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon]
	# cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
	//

Modify group used by global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon mode:
	# echo 'ctrl1/mon1/' > info/kernel_mode_assignment

Expectation here is that when user space sets this then resctrl would
program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=<rmid of mon1>
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=1
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=<closid of ctrl1>
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=1
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=1

Enable global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon mode:
	# echo "global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon" > info/kernel_mode

Expectation here is that when user space sets this mode then resctrl would
program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=1
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=1

	# cat info/kernel_mode
	inherit_ctrl_and_mon
	[global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon]
	global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon
	# cat info/kernel_mode_assignment <==== returns just a ctrl group
	/

Modify group used by global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon mode:
	# echo ctrl1 > info/kernel_mode_assignment

Expectation here is that when user space sets this then resctrl would
program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=<closid of ctrl1>
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=1
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=1

	# cat info/kernel_mode_assignment <==== returns just a ctrl group
	ctrl/

Enable inherit_ctrl_and_mon mode:
	# echo "inherit_ctrl_and_mon" > info/kernel_mode

Expectation here is that when user space sets this mode then resctrl would
program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=0
	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=0

At this point info/kernel_mode_assignment is not visible anymore:

	# ls info/kernel_mode_assignment
	ls: cannot access 'info/kernel_mode_assignment': No such file or directory

From what I understand above exposes and enables full capability of PLZA. All the other
per-task and per-cpu handling in this series is not something that PLZA can benefit from. 
If this is not the case, what am I missing? Could this series be simplified to just support
PLZA today? When next hardware with more capability needs to be supported resctrl could be
enhanced to support it by using the more accurate information about what the hardware is
capable of.

We also do not really know what use cases users prefer. This may even be sufficient.

Reinette

Re: [PATCH v2 01/16] fs/resctrl: Add kernel mode (kmode) data structures and arch hook

[Reinette Chatre]

Hi Babu,

On 3/12/26 1:36 PM, Babu Moger wrote:
> Add resctrl_kmode, resctrl_kmode_cfg, kernel mode bit defines, and
> resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() for resctrl kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) support.

We should not have to start every series from scratch.
Documentation/process/maintainer-tip.rst. Always.

> ---
>  include/linux/resctrl.h       | 10 ++++++++++
>  include/linux/resctrl_types.h | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 40 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/include/linux/resctrl.h b/include/linux/resctrl.h
> index 006e57fd7ca5..2c36d1ac392f 100644
> --- a/include/linux/resctrl.h
> +++ b/include/linux/resctrl.h
> @@ -699,6 +699,16 @@ int resctrl_arch_io_alloc_enable(struct rdt_resource *r, bool enable);
>   */
>  bool resctrl_arch_get_io_alloc_enabled(struct rdt_resource *r);
>  
> +/**
> + * resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() - Get resctrl kernel mode configuration
> + * @kcfg:	Filled with current kernel mode config (kmode, kmode_cur, k_rdtgrp).
> + *
> + * Used by the arch (e.g. x86) to report which kernel mode is active and,
> + * when a global assign mode is in use, which rdtgroup is assigned to
> + * kernel work.
> + */
> +void resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg);

This interface does not look right. Would it not be resctrl fs that determines
which resource group is assigned? This cannot be set by arch. Why does arch decide
which mode is active? Is this not also resctrl fs? Should arch not just tell
resctrl fs what it supports?

> +
>  extern unsigned int resctrl_rmid_realloc_threshold;
>  extern unsigned int resctrl_rmid_realloc_limit;
>  
> diff --git a/include/linux/resctrl_types.h b/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
> index a5f56faa18d2..6b78b08eab29 100644
> --- a/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
> +++ b/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
> @@ -65,7 +65,37 @@ enum resctrl_event_id {
>  	QOS_NUM_EVENTS,
>  };
>  
> +/**
> + * struct resctrl_kmode - Resctrl kernel mode descriptor
> + * @name:	Human-readable name of the kernel mode.
> + * @val:	Bitmask value for the kernel mode (e.g. INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON).
> + */
> +struct resctrl_kmode {
> +	char    name[32];
> +	u32     val;
> +};

There is no reason why this needs to be in a central header exposed to archs. Could
this not be a static within the only function that uses it? Something like
rdt_mode_str[]?

> +
> +/**
> + * struct resctrl_kmode_cfg - Resctrl kernel mode configuration
> + * @kmode:	Requested kernel mode.
> + * @kmode_cur:	Currently active kernel mode.
> + * @k_rdtgrp:	Resource control structure in use, or NULL otherwise.
> + */
> +struct resctrl_kmode_cfg {
> +	u32 kmode;
> +	u32 kmode_cur;
> +	struct rdtgroup *k_rdtgrp;
> +};
> +
>  #define QOS_NUM_L3_MBM_EVENTS	(QOS_L3_MBM_LOCAL_EVENT_ID - QOS_L3_MBM_TOTAL_EVENT_ID + 1)
>  #define MBM_STATE_IDX(evt)	((evt) - QOS_L3_MBM_TOTAL_EVENT_ID)
>  
> +/* Resctrl kernel mode bits (e.g. for PLZA). */
> +#define INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON		BIT(0)	/* Kernel uses same CLOSID/RMID as user. */
> +/* One CLOSID for all kernel work; RMID inherited from user. */
> +#define GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON	BIT(1)
> +/* One resource group (CLOSID+RMID) for all kernel work. */
> +#define GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON	BIT(2)
> +#define RESCTRL_KERNEL_MODES_NUM	3

I think it will make the code much easier to understand if the different modes are described by an
enum. For example, 

	enum resctrl_kernel_modes {
		INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON,
		GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON,
		GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON,
		RESCTRL_KMODE_LAST = GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON
	};
	#define RESCTRL_NUM_KERNEL_MODES (RESCTRL_KMODE_LAST + 1)

The supported kernel modes can still be managed as a bitmap with intuitive API using the
enum that will make the code easier to read. For example, __set_bit(INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON, ...)
or BIT(INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON). The naming is awkward at the moment though, we should improve here.
		
Reinette

Re: [PATCH v2 02/16] fs, x86/resctrl: Add architecture routines for kernel mode initialization

[Reinette Chatre]

Hi Babu,

On 3/12/26 1:36 PM, Babu Moger wrote:
> Implement the resctrl kernel mode (kmode) arch initialization.
> 
> - Add resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() to fill the default kernel mode
>   (INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON). This can be extended later (e.g. for PLZA) to set
>   additional modes.

I do not think this is something that the architecture should set, at least
at this time. Every mode has different requirements and this just lets the arch set
it without any support for what configurations it implies. For example, if
arch sets a different default mode than INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON then PQR_PLZA_ASSOC
needs to be programmed as the CPUs come online and this does not seem to
accommodate this. This implementation appears to have significant assumptions on
what architecture will end up setting since it is only considering PLZA.

> 
> - Add global resctrl_kcfg and resctrl_kmode_init() to initialize default
>   values.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
> ---
> v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
>     https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
> ---
>  arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c |  7 +++++++
>  fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c              | 10 ++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
> index 7667cf7c4e94..4c3ab2d93909 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
> @@ -892,6 +892,13 @@ bool resctrl_arch_is_evt_configurable(enum resctrl_event_id evt)
>  	}
>  }
>  
> +void resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg)
> +{
> +	kcfg->kmode = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
> +	kcfg->kmode_cur = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
> +	kcfg->k_rdtgrp = NULL;
> +}

I already commented on the arch vs filesystem settings.

When using an arch helper this forces all architectures to support this helper. Is a
helper required? Is it perhaps possible for arch to set a property instead? For example,
how enumeration is handled? 
I think the assumption here is that INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON is the default and expected to
be supported by all architectures. I do not see why arch should set this as default but
instead this should be from resctrl fs. At the same time it is expected that the
architecture supports this mode so there needs to be a failure if an architecture does
not support this mode?

I'm going to stop here. I think the comments so far may result in major changes already
making further detailed review of patches unnecessary.

Reinette

Re: [PATCH v2 00/16] fs,x86/resctrl: Add kernel-mode (e.g., PLZA) support to the resctrl subsystem

[Babu Moger]

Hi Reinette,

Thanks for the review comments. Will address one by one.

On 3/24/26 17:51, Reinette Chatre wrote:
> Hi Babu,
>
> On 3/12/26 1:36 PM, Babu Moger wrote:
>> This series adds support for Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA) to the
>> resctrl subsystem. PLZA is an AMD feature that allows specifying a CLOSID
>> and/or RMID for execution in kernel mode (privilege level zero), so that
>> kernel work is not subject to the same resource constrains as the current
>> user-space task. This avoids kernel operations being aggressively throttled
>> when a task's memory bandwidth is heavily limited.
>>
>> The feature documentation is not yet publicly available, but it is expected
>> to be released in the next few weeks. In the meantime, a brief description
>> of the features is provided below.
>>
>> Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA)
>>
>> Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA) allows the hardware to
>> automatically associate execution in Privilege Level Zero (CPL=0) with a
>> specific COS (Class of Service) and/or RMID (Resource Monitoring
>> Identifier). The QoS feature set already has a mechanism to associate
>> execution on each logical processor with an RMID or COS. PLZA allows the
>> system to override this per-thread association for a thread that is
>> executing with CPL=0.
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> The series introduces the feature in a way that supports the interface in
>> a generic manner to accomodate MPAM or other vendor specific implimentation.
>>
>> Below is the detailed requirements provided by Reinette:
>> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
> Our discussion considered how resctrl could support PLZA in a generic way while
> also preparing to support MPAM's variants and how PLZA may evolve to have similar
> capabilities when considering the capabilities of its registers.
>
> This does not mean that your work needs to implement everything that was discussed.
> Instead, this work is expected to just support what PLZA is capable of today but
> do so in a way that the future enhancements could be added to.
>
> This series is quite difficult to follow since it appears to implement a full
> featured generic interface while PLZA cannot take advantage of it.
>
> Could you please simplify this work to focus on just enabling PLZA and only
> add interfaces needed to do so?
Sure. Will try. Lets continue the discussion.
>
>> Summary:
>> 1. Kernel-mode/PLZA controls and status should be exposed under the resctrl
>>     info directory:/sys/fs/resctrl/info/, not as a separate or arch-specific path.
>>
>> 2. Add two info files
>>
>>   a. kernel_mode
>>      Purpose: Control how resource allocation and monitoring apply in kernel mode
>>      (e.g. inherit from task vs global assign).
>>
>>      Read: List supported modes and show current one (e.g. with [brackets]).
>>      Write: Set current mode by name (e.g. inherit_ctrl_and_mon, global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon).
>>
>> b. kernel_mode_assignment
>>
>>     Purpose: When a “global assign” kernel mode is active, specify which resctrl group
>>     (CLOSID/RMID) is used for kernel work.
>>
>>     Read: Show the assigned group in a path-like form (e.g. //, ctrl1//, ctrl1/mon1/).
>>     Write: Assign or clear the group used for kernel mode (and optionally clear with an empty write).
>>
>> The patches are based on top of commit (v7.0.0-rc3)
>> 839e91ce3f41b (tip/master) Merge branch into tip/master: 'x86/tdx'
>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>
>> Examples: kernel_mode and kernel_mode_assignment
>>
>> All paths below are under /sys/fs/resctrl/ (e.g. info/kernel_mode means
>> /sys/fs/resctrl/info/kernel_mode). Resctrl must be mounted and the platform
>> must support the relevant modes (e.g. AMD with PLZA).
>>
>> 1) kernel_mode — show and set the current kernel mode
>>
>>     Read supported modes and which one is active (current in brackets):
>>
>>       $ cat info/kernel_mode
>>       [inherit_ctrl_and_mon]
>>       global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
>>       global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon
>>
>>     Set the active mode (e.g. use one CLOSID+RMID for all kernel work):
>>
>>       $ echo "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon" > info/kernel_mode
>>       $ cat info/kernel_mode
>>       inherit_ctrl_and_mon
>>       global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
>>       [global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon]
>>
>>     Mode meanings:
>>     - inherit_ctrl_and_mon: kernel uses same CLOSID/RMID as the current task (default).
>>     - global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon: one CLOSID for all kernel work; RMID inherited from user.
>>     - global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon: one resource group (CLOSID+RMID) for all kernel work.
>>
>> 2) kernel_mode_assignment — show and set which group is used for kernel work
>>
>>     Only relevant when kernel_mode is not "inherit_ctrl_and_mon". Read the
> To help with future usages please connect visibility of this file with the mode in
> info/kernel_mode. This helps us to support future modes with other resctrl files, possible
> within each resource group.
> Specifically, kernel_mode_assignment is not visible to user space if mode is "inherit_ctrl_and_mon",
> while it is visible when mode is global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon or global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon.

Sure. Will do.

>
>>     currently assigned group (path format is "CTRL_MON/MON/"):
> The format depends on the mode, right? If the mode is "global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon"
> then it should only contain a control group, alternatively, if the mode is
> "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon" then it contains control and mon group. This gives
> resctrl future flexibility to change format for future modes.

This can be done both ways.  Whole purpose of these groups is to get 
CLOSID and RMID to enable PLZA. User can echo CTRL_MON or MON group to 
kernel_mode_assignment in any of the modes.  We can decide what needs to 
be updated in MSR (PQR_PLZA_ASSOC) based on what kernel mode is selected.


>
> We should also consider the scenario when it is a "monitoring only" system, which can
> happen independent from what hardware actually supports, for example, if user boots
> with "rdt=!l3cat,!l2cat,!mba,!smba". In this case I assume CLOS should just always be
> zero and thus only "default control group" is accepted?

Yes.  It depends on how we want to implement like we mentioned above.


>
>>       $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
>>       //
>>
>>     "//" means the default CTRL_MON group is assigned. Assign a specific
>>     group instead (e.g. a CTRL_MON group "ctrl1", or a MON group "mon1" under it):
>>
>>       $ echo "ctrl1//" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
>>       $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
>>       ctrl1//
>>
>>       $ echo "ctrl1/mon1/" > info/kernel_mode_assignment
>>       $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
>>       ctrl1/mon1/
>>
>>     Clear the assignment (no dedicated group for kernel work):
>>
>>       $ echo >> info/kernel_mode_assignment
>>       $ cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
>>       Kmode is not configured
> This does not look right. Would this not create a conflict between info/kernel_mode
> and info/kernel_mode_assignment about what the current mode is? The way I see it
> info/kernel_mode_assignment must always contain a valid group.
Yes.  We can do that.
>
>>     Errors (e.g. invalid group name or unsupported mode) are reported in
>>     info/last_cmd_status.
>>
>> ---
>>
>> v2:
>>       This is similar to RFC with new proposal. Names of the some interfaces
>>       are not final. Lets fix that later as we move forward.
>>
>>       Separated the two features: Global Bandwidth Enforcement (GLBE) and
>>       Privilege Level Zero Association (PLZA).
>>   
>>       This series only adds support for PLZA.
>>
>>       Used the name of the feature as kmode instead of PLZA. That can be changed as well.
>>
>>       Tony suggested using global variables to store the kernel mode
>>       CLOSID and RMID. However, the kernel mode CLOSID and RMID are
>>       coming from rdtgroup structure with the new interface. Accessing
>>       them requires holding the associated lock, which would make the
>>       context switch path unnecessarily expensive. So, dropped the idea.
>>       https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/aXuxVSbk1GR2ttzF@agluck-desk3/
>>       Let me know if there are other ways to optimize this.
> I do not see why the context switch path needs to be touched at all with this
> implementation. Since PLZA only supports global assignment does it not mean that resctrl
> only needs to update PQR_PLZA_ASSOC when user writes to info/kernel_mode and
> info/kernel_mode_assignment?

Each thread has an MSR to configure whether to associate privilege level 
zero execution with a separate COS and/or RMID, and the value of the COS 
and/or RMID.  PLZA may be enabled or disabled on a per-thread 
basis. However, the COS and RMID association and configuration must be 
the same for all threads in the QOS Domain.

So, PQR_PLZA_ASSOC is a per thread MSR just like PQR_ASSOC.

Privilege-Level Zero Association (PLZA) allows the user to specify a COS 
and/or RMID associated with execution in Privilege-Level Zero. When 
enabled on a HW thread, when that thread enters Privilige-Level Zero, 
transactions associated with that thread will be associated with the 
PLZA COS and/or RMID. Otherwise, the HW thread will be associated with 
the COS and RMID identified by  PQR_ASSOC.

More below.

>
> Consider some of the scenarios:
>
> resctrl mount with default state:
>
> 	# cat info/kernel_mode
> 	[inherit_ctrl_and_mon]
> 	global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
> 	global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon
> 	# ls info/kernel_mode_assignment
> 	ls: cannot access 'info/kernel_mode_assignment': No such file or directory
>
> enable global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon mode:
> 	# echo "global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon" > info/kernel_mode
>
> Expectation here is that when user space sets this mode as above then resctrl would
> in turn program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=1
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=1
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=1
>
> I do not see why it is necessary to maintain any per-CPU or per-task state or needing
> to touch the context switch code. Since PLZA only supports global could it not
> just set MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all online CPUs and be done with it?
> Only caveat is that if a CPU is offline then this setting needs to be stashed
> so that MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC can be set when new CPU comes online.
>
> The way that rdtgroup_config_kmode() introduced in patch #11 assumes it is dealing
> with RDT_RESOURCE_L3 and traverses the resource domain list and resource group
> CPU mask seems unnecessary to me as well as error prone since the system may only
> have, for example, RDT_RESOURCE_MBA enabled or even just monitoring. Why not just set
> MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs and be done?
>
> To continue the scenarios ...
>
> After user's setting above related files read:
> 	# cat info/kernel_mode
> 	inherit_ctrl_and_mon
> 	global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon
> 	[global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon]
> 	# cat info/kernel_mode_assignment
> 	//
>
> Modify group used by global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon mode:
> 	# echo 'ctrl1/mon1/' > info/kernel_mode_assignment
>
> Expectation here is that when user space sets this then resctrl would
> program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=<rmid of mon1>
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=1
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=<closid of ctrl1>
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=1
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=1


This works correctly when PLZA associations are defined by per CPU. For 
example, lets assume that *ctrl1* is assigned *CLOSID 1*.

In this scenario, every task in the system running on a any CPU will use 
the limits associated with *CLOSID 1* whenever it enters Privilege-Level 
Zero, because the CPU's *PQR_PLZA_ASSOC* register has PLZA enabled and 
CLOSID is 1.

Now consider task-based association:

We have two resctrl groups:

  * *ctrl1 -> CLOSID 1 -> task1.plza = 1   : *User wants PLZA be enabled
    for this task.
  * *ctrl2 -> CLOSID 2 -> task2.plza = 0   : *User wants PLZA
    disabled for this task.

Suppose *task1* is first scheduled on *CPU 0*. This behaves as expected: 
since CPU 0 's *PQR_PLZA_ASSOC* contains *CLOSID 1, plza_en =1*, task1 
will use the limits from CLOSID 1 when it enters Privilege-Level Zero.

However, if *task2* later runs on *CPU 0*, we expect it to use *CLOSID 
2* in both user mode and kernel mode, because user has PLZA disabled for 
this task. But CPU 0 still has *CLOSID 1, **plza_en =1* in its 
PQR_PLZA_ASSOC register.

As a result, task2 will incorrectly run with *CLOSID 1* when entering 
Privilege-Level Zero something we explicitly want to avoid.

At that point, PLZA must be disabled on CPU 0 to prevent the unintended 
association. Hope this explanation makes the issue clear.

Thanks

Babu

>
> Enable global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon mode:
> 	# echo "global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon" > info/kernel_mode
>
> Expectation here is that when user space sets this mode then resctrl would
> program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=1
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=1
>
> 	# cat info/kernel_mode
> 	inherit_ctrl_and_mon
> 	[global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon]
> 	global_assign_ctrl_assign_mon
> 	# cat info/kernel_mode_assignment <==== returns just a ctrl group
> 	/
>
> Modify group used by global_assign_ctrl_inherit_mon mode:
> 	# echo ctrl1 > info/kernel_mode_assignment
>
> Expectation here is that when user space sets this then resctrl would
> program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=<closid of ctrl1>
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=1
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=1
>
> 	# cat info/kernel_mode_assignment <==== returns just a ctrl group
> 	ctrl/
>
> Enable inherit_ctrl_and_mon mode:
> 	# echo "inherit_ctrl_and_mon" > info/kernel_mode
>
> Expectation here is that when user space sets this mode then resctrl would
> program MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC on all CPUs to be:
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.rmid_en=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.closid_en=0
> 	MSR_IA32_PQR_PLZA_ASSOC.plza_en=0
>
> At this point info/kernel_mode_assignment is not visible anymore:
>
> 	# ls info/kernel_mode_assignment
> 	ls: cannot access 'info/kernel_mode_assignment': No such file or directory
>
> >From what I understand above exposes and enables full capability of PLZA. All the other
> per-task and per-cpu handling in this series is not something that PLZA can benefit from.
> If this is not the case, what am I missing? Could this series be simplified to just support
> PLZA today? When next hardware with more capability needs to be supported resctrl could be
> enhanced to support it by using the more accurate information about what the hardware is
> capable of.
>
> We also do not really know what use cases users prefer. This may even be sufficient.
>
> Reinette
>

Re: [PATCH v2 01/16] fs/resctrl: Add kernel mode (kmode) data structures and arch hook

[Babu Moger]

Hi Reinette,

On 3/24/26 17:51, Reinette Chatre wrote:
> Hi Babu,
>
> On 3/12/26 1:36 PM, Babu Moger wrote:
>> Add resctrl_kmode, resctrl_kmode_cfg, kernel mode bit defines, and
>> resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() for resctrl kernel mode (e.g. PLZA) support.
> We should not have to start every series from scratch.
> Documentation/process/maintainer-tip.rst. Always.

Sure. Yea. I did not focus on that aspect of patch submission in this 
series. Will do next revision.


>
>> ---
>>   include/linux/resctrl.h       | 10 ++++++++++
>>   include/linux/resctrl_types.h | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>>   2 files changed, 40 insertions(+)
>>
>> diff --git a/include/linux/resctrl.h b/include/linux/resctrl.h
>> index 006e57fd7ca5..2c36d1ac392f 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/resctrl.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/resctrl.h
>> @@ -699,6 +699,16 @@ int resctrl_arch_io_alloc_enable(struct rdt_resource *r, bool enable);
>>    */
>>   bool resctrl_arch_get_io_alloc_enabled(struct rdt_resource *r);
>>   
>> +/**
>> + * resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() - Get resctrl kernel mode configuration
>> + * @kcfg:	Filled with current kernel mode config (kmode, kmode_cur, k_rdtgrp).
>> + *
>> + * Used by the arch (e.g. x86) to report which kernel mode is active and,
>> + * when a global assign mode is in use, which rdtgroup is assigned to
>> + * kernel work.
>> + */
>> +void resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg);
> This interface does not look right. Would it not be resctrl fs that determines
> which resource group is assigned? This cannot be set by arch. Why does arch decide
> which mode is active? Is this not also resctrl fs? Should arch not just tell
> resctrl fs what it supports?
Yes. Sure. Let the arch tell what is supported.  Let fs decide what is 
default.
>
>> +
>>   extern unsigned int resctrl_rmid_realloc_threshold;
>>   extern unsigned int resctrl_rmid_realloc_limit;
>>   
>> diff --git a/include/linux/resctrl_types.h b/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
>> index a5f56faa18d2..6b78b08eab29 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/resctrl_types.h
>> @@ -65,7 +65,37 @@ enum resctrl_event_id {
>>   	QOS_NUM_EVENTS,
>>   };
>>   
>> +/**
>> + * struct resctrl_kmode - Resctrl kernel mode descriptor
>> + * @name:	Human-readable name of the kernel mode.
>> + * @val:	Bitmask value for the kernel mode (e.g. INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON).
>> + */
>> +struct resctrl_kmode {
>> +	char    name[32];
>> +	u32     val;
>> +};
> There is no reason why this needs to be in a central header exposed to archs. Could
> this not be a static within the only function that uses it? Something like
> rdt_mode_str[]?
Yes. I think so.
>
>> +
>> +/**
>> + * struct resctrl_kmode_cfg - Resctrl kernel mode configuration
>> + * @kmode:	Requested kernel mode.
>> + * @kmode_cur:	Currently active kernel mode.
>> + * @k_rdtgrp:	Resource control structure in use, or NULL otherwise.
>> + */
>> +struct resctrl_kmode_cfg {
>> +	u32 kmode;
>> +	u32 kmode_cur;
>> +	struct rdtgroup *k_rdtgrp;
>> +};
>> +
>>   #define QOS_NUM_L3_MBM_EVENTS	(QOS_L3_MBM_LOCAL_EVENT_ID - QOS_L3_MBM_TOTAL_EVENT_ID + 1)
>>   #define MBM_STATE_IDX(evt)	((evt) - QOS_L3_MBM_TOTAL_EVENT_ID)
>>   
>> +/* Resctrl kernel mode bits (e.g. for PLZA). */
>> +#define INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON		BIT(0)	/* Kernel uses same CLOSID/RMID as user. */
>> +/* One CLOSID for all kernel work; RMID inherited from user. */
>> +#define GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON	BIT(1)
>> +/* One resource group (CLOSID+RMID) for all kernel work. */
>> +#define GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON	BIT(2)
>> +#define RESCTRL_KERNEL_MODES_NUM	3
> I think it will make the code much easier to understand if the different modes are described by an
> enum. For example,
Yes. Sure.
>
> 	enum resctrl_kernel_modes {
> 		INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON,
> 		GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_INHERIT_MON,
> 		GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON,
> 		RESCTRL_KMODE_LAST = GLOBAL_ASSIGN_CTRL_ASSIGN_MON
> 	};
> 	#define RESCTRL_NUM_KERNEL_MODES (RESCTRL_KMODE_LAST + 1)
>
> The supported kernel modes can still be managed as a bitmap with intuitive API using the
> enum that will make the code easier to read. For example, __set_bit(INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON, ...)
> or BIT(INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON). The naming is awkward at the moment though, we should improve here.
> 		

Sure.  Yes. We need to think about naming.. Let me think about it.

Thanks

Babu

Re: [PATCH v2 02/16] fs, x86/resctrl: Add architecture routines for kernel mode initialization

[Babu Moger]

Hi Reinette,

On 3/24/26 17:53, Reinette Chatre wrote:
> Hi Babu,
>
> On 3/12/26 1:36 PM, Babu Moger wrote:
>> Implement the resctrl kernel mode (kmode) arch initialization.
>>
>> - Add resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg() to fill the default kernel mode
>>    (INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON). This can be extended later (e.g. for PLZA) to set
>>    additional modes.
> I do not think this is something that the architecture should set, at least
> at this time. Every mode has different requirements and this just lets the arch set
> it without any support for what configurations it implies. For example, if
> arch sets a different default mode than INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON then PQR_PLZA_ASSOC
> needs to be programmed as the CPUs come online and this does not seem to
> accommodate this. This implementation appears to have significant assumptions on
> what architecture will end up setting since it is only considering PLZA.

Sure.  Let the arch report what is supported. Will change it to set the 
default in fs code.

Users can change change modes from FS code.


>
>> - Add global resctrl_kcfg and resctrl_kmode_init() to initialize default
>>    values.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Babu Moger <babu.moger@amd.com>
>> ---
>> v2: New patch to handle PLZA interfaces with /sys/fs/resctrl/info/ directory.
>>      https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/2ab556af-095b-422b-9396-f845c6fd0342@intel.com/
>> ---
>>   arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c |  7 +++++++
>>   fs/resctrl/rdtgroup.c              | 10 ++++++++++
>>   2 files changed, 17 insertions(+)
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
>> index 7667cf7c4e94..4c3ab2d93909 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
>> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/resctrl/core.c
>> @@ -892,6 +892,13 @@ bool resctrl_arch_is_evt_configurable(enum resctrl_event_id evt)
>>   	}
>>   }
>>   
>> +void resctrl_arch_get_kmode_cfg(struct resctrl_kmode_cfg *kcfg)
>> +{
>> +	kcfg->kmode = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
>> +	kcfg->kmode_cur = INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON;
>> +	kcfg->k_rdtgrp = NULL;
>> +}
> I already commented on the arch vs filesystem settings.
>
> When using an arch helper this forces all architectures to support this helper. Is a
> helper required? Is it perhaps possible for arch to set a property instead? For example,
> how enumeration is handled?
> I think the assumption here is that INHERIT_CTRL_AND_MON is the default and expected to
> be supported by all architectures. I do not see why arch should set this as default but
> instead this should be from resctrl fs. At the same time it is expected that the
> architecture supports this mode so there needs to be a failure if an architecture does
> not support this mode?

I will change. Arch sets the supported modes.  FS sets the default. 
Users can change it to required mode later.


>
> I'm going to stop here. I think the comments so far may result in major changes already
> making further detailed review of patches unnecessary.


Based on my comments below you may need to re-look at the some of the 
patches.

https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/47c0db32-d0e0-4c53-90bd-b74863d233dc@amd.com/

I am fine otherwise also. Let continue that discussion.

Thanks

Babu


>
> Reinette
>