*very* strange heisenbug (kernel? libc?)

*very* strange heisenbug (kernel? libc?)

[David Madore]

Hello all.

I have encountered a very, very strange bug, which has caused me a
good number of hours pulling my hair trying to figure out what was
going on.  I don't even know if it's a kernel bug, a glibc bug, or a
misunderstanding on my part.

The basic program is simple enough - see <URL:
ftp://quatramaran.ens.fr/pub/madore/tmp/weirdbug/weirdbug.c >.  All it
does is open the Linux TUN/TAP device (/dev/misc/net/tun), register a
tap device named "test0" (the actual name is unimportant), and then
create a thread which runs an idle loop before quitting immediately.
This seems sane enough.  The code to open the TUN/TAP device (function
init_tap()) is practically copied from the sample code in the
documentation, and the rest is trivial.  I can hardly imagine where it
might contain an error.

Yet I have gotten it to dump core.  See <URL:
ftp://quatramaran.ens.fr/pub/madore/tmp/weirdbug/core > for the core,
which is produced by the binary at <URL:
ftp://quatramaran.ens.fr/pub/madore/tmp/weirdbug/weirdbug >.  This is
all on i386 (detailed system characteristics follow below).

Now that's not all.  There are several intriguing things about this
core.

First of all, the place where the segfault happens: in
pthread_create(), of all places!  To be precise, the function
__pthread_create_1_2() (defined in linuxthreads/pthread.c in the glibc
sources) calls thread_self() (defined in linuxthreads/internals.h),
which is inlined, and which in turn calls the macro THREAD_SELF,
defined in linuxthreads/sysdeps/i386/useldt.h (around line 57).  It is
this macro which segfaults.  In fact, the libc tries to determine the
thread's identity by looking up a place in memory accessed by %gs:0,
where %gs is supposed to be a selector for the LDT (normally, 0x7, in
fact); but here it happens that %gs was not initialized, and still
refers to the "flat" memory model (GDT selector 0x2b), so the program
tries to access memory page 0 and fails.

So this would look like a glibc bug (under some weird circumstances,
%gs is not properly initialized by INIT_THREAD_SELF before THREAD_SELF
is called).  Except that I've heard rumors that core files were not
reliable for threaded programs.  So maybe the segfault is not where I
think it is.  (Except that in any case it seems that %gs is wrong at
the place where it is.)

The second funny thing is the circumstances under which I can
reproduce this bug.  If I run the program directly, it doesn't
segfault.  I have only been able to reproduce it by launching it with
the following ridiculous script: (<URL:
ftp://quatramaran.ens.fr/pub/madore/tmp/weirdbug/weirdbug-launcher >)

#! /bin/sh
if echo FOO | egrep -q FOO ; then
	exec /tmp/weirdbug
else
	exec /tmp/weirdbug
fi

(wow!).  Even then, it is unpredictable.  It doesn't always work, and
I've only ever gotten anything on my dual-processor machine.  Adding a
"sleep" here or there will get rid of the bug.  Of course, trying to
do anything like strace or gdb will make the bug go away - therefore
it's a heisenbug.

Also, sometimes, instead of dumping core, it simply hangs and does
nothing.

So what say the wise?  Is this a glibc bug in the linuxthreads
implementation?  A kernel bug in the TUN/TAP device with odd
consequences?  A kernel bug in the scheduler leading to a very rare
race condition?  A bug in my program?  A karma problem?

Detailed system characteristics: RedHat-7.1 system: glibc-2.2.2 (RPM:
glibc-2.2.2-10).  Kernel is stock 2.4.6 + international crypto patch
(2.4.3.1), compiled for SMP, and with devfsd.  Filesystem in /tmp is
ReiserFS.  Hardware is dual Intel Pentium II (Deschutes) at 450MHz.
Compiler for kernel is stock egcs-1.1.2.  Compiler for program is
RedHat's 2.96-81.  Program is compiled against actual kernel headers.

Session log (I'm willing to bet nobody can reproduce it, anyway):

vega root /tmp # /sbin/modprobe tun
vega root /tmp # ls -la /dev/misc/net/tun
crw-r-----    1 root     root      10, 200 Jan  1  1970 /dev/misc/net/tun
vega root /tmp # md5sum weirdbug.c
0cbeaa9de585868b3d5dfd55f6f50397  weirdbug.c
vega root /tmp # gcc -o weirdbug weirdbug.c -O6 -lpthread
vega root /tmp # gcc -v
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/2.96/specs
gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.1 2.96-81)
vega root /tmp # md5sum weirdbug
7977421cf8b60a63659063d7c165c58b  weirdbug
vega root /tmp # cat weirdbug-launcher
#! /bin/sh
if echo FOO | egrep -q FOO ; then
	exec /tmp/weirdbug
else
	exec /tmp/weirdbug
fi
vega root /tmp # md5sum weirdbug-launcher
460666262466f12d89f33900e4dc74ec  weirdbug-launcher
vega root /tmp # ./weirdbug
vega root /tmp # ./weirdbug-launcher
zsh: segmentation fault (core dumped)  ./weirdbug-launcher

-- 
     David A. Madore
    (david.madore@ens.fr,
     http://www.eleves.ens.fr:8080/home/madore/ )

Re: *very* strange heisenbug (kernel? libc?)... (SMP ldt bug?)

[Eric W. Biederman]

David Madore <david.madore@ens.fr> writes:

> Hello all.
> 
> I have encountered a very, very strange bug, which has caused me a
> good number of hours pulling my hair trying to figure out what was
> going on.  I don't even know if it's a kernel bug, a glibc bug, or a
> misunderstanding on my part.

Weird.  This may be a kernel race in moving ldt state from one processor
to another.  I heard of some lazy context moving bugs, though I think
they are only for kernel state.  I would definentily say that this is
almost certainly some kind of race.   I hope this helps.

Eric



> 
> The basic program is simple enough - see <URL:
> ftp://quatramaran.ens.fr/pub/madore/tmp/weirdbug/weirdbug.c >.  All it
> does is open the Linux TUN/TAP device (/dev/misc/net/tun), register a
> tap device named "test0" (the actual name is unimportant), and then
> create a thread which runs an idle loop before quitting immediately.
> This seems sane enough.  The code to open the TUN/TAP device (function
> init_tap()) is practically copied from the sample code in the
> documentation, and the rest is trivial.  I can hardly imagine where it
> might contain an error.
> 
> Yet I have gotten it to dump core.  See <URL:
> ftp://quatramaran.ens.fr/pub/madore/tmp/weirdbug/core > for the core,
> which is produced by the binary at <URL:
> ftp://quatramaran.ens.fr/pub/madore/tmp/weirdbug/weirdbug >.  This is
> all on i386 (detailed system characteristics follow below).
> 
> Now that's not all.  There are several intriguing things about this
> core.
> 
> First of all, the place where the segfault happens: in
> pthread_create(), of all places!  To be precise, the function
> __pthread_create_1_2() (defined in linuxthreads/pthread.c in the glibc
> sources) calls thread_self() (defined in linuxthreads/internals.h),
> which is inlined, and which in turn calls the macro THREAD_SELF,
> defined in linuxthreads/sysdeps/i386/useldt.h (around line 57).  It is
> this macro which segfaults.  In fact, the libc tries to determine the
> thread's identity by looking up a place in memory accessed by %gs:0,
> where %gs is supposed to be a selector for the LDT (normally, 0x7, in
> fact); but here it happens that %gs was not initialized, and still
> refers to the "flat" memory model (GDT selector 0x2b), so the program
> tries to access memory page 0 and fails.
> 
> So this would look like a glibc bug (under some weird circumstances,
> %gs is not properly initialized by INIT_THREAD_SELF before THREAD_SELF
> is called).  Except that I've heard rumors that core files were not
> reliable for threaded programs.  So maybe the segfault is not where I
> think it is.  (Except that in any case it seems that %gs is wrong at
> the place where it is.)
> 
> The second funny thing is the circumstances under which I can
> reproduce this bug.  If I run the program directly, it doesn't
> segfault.  I have only been able to reproduce it by launching it with
> the following ridiculous script: (<URL:
> ftp://quatramaran.ens.fr/pub/madore/tmp/weirdbug/weirdbug-launcher >)
> 
> #! /bin/sh
> if echo FOO | egrep -q FOO ; then
> 	exec /tmp/weirdbug
> else
> 	exec /tmp/weirdbug
> fi
> 
> (wow!).  Even then, it is unpredictable.  It doesn't always work, and
> I've only ever gotten anything on my dual-processor machine.  Adding a
> "sleep" here or there will get rid of the bug.  Of course, trying to
> do anything like strace or gdb will make the bug go away - therefore
> it's a heisenbug.
> 
> Also, sometimes, instead of dumping core, it simply hangs and does
> nothing.
> 
> So what say the wise?  Is this a glibc bug in the linuxthreads
> implementation?  A kernel bug in the TUN/TAP device with odd
> consequences?  A kernel bug in the scheduler leading to a very rare
> race condition?  A bug in my program?  A karma problem?
> 
> Detailed system characteristics: RedHat-7.1 system: glibc-2.2.2 (RPM:
> glibc-2.2.2-10).  Kernel is stock 2.4.6 + international crypto patch
> (2.4.3.1), compiled for SMP, and with devfsd.  Filesystem in /tmp is
> ReiserFS.  Hardware is dual Intel Pentium II (Deschutes) at 450MHz.
> Compiler for kernel is stock egcs-1.1.2.  Compiler for program is
> RedHat's 2.96-81.  Program is compiled against actual kernel headers.
> 
> Session log (I'm willing to bet nobody can reproduce it, anyway):
> 
> vega root /tmp # /sbin/modprobe tun
> vega root /tmp # ls -la /dev/misc/net/tun
> crw-r-----    1 root     root      10, 200 Jan  1  1970 /dev/misc/net/tun
> vega root /tmp # md5sum weirdbug.c
> 0cbeaa9de585868b3d5dfd55f6f50397  weirdbug.c
> vega root /tmp # gcc -o weirdbug weirdbug.c -O6 -lpthread
> vega root /tmp # gcc -v
> Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/2.96/specs
> gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.1 2.96-81)
> vega root /tmp # md5sum weirdbug
> 7977421cf8b60a63659063d7c165c58b  weirdbug
> vega root /tmp # cat weirdbug-launcher
> #! /bin/sh
> if echo FOO | egrep -q FOO ; then
> 	exec /tmp/weirdbug
> else
> 	exec /tmp/weirdbug
> fi
> vega root /tmp # md5sum weirdbug-launcher
> 460666262466f12d89f33900e4dc74ec  weirdbug-launcher
> vega root /tmp # ./weirdbug
> vega root /tmp # ./weirdbug-launcher
> zsh: segmentation fault (core dumped)  ./weirdbug-launcher
> 
> -- 
>      David A. Madore
>     (david.madore@ens.fr,
>      http://www.eleves.ens.fr:8080/home/madore/ )
> -
> To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in
> the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org
> More majordomo info at  http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
> Please read the FAQ at  http://www.tux.org/lkml/