[PATCH v5 02/10] rust: sync: Add basic atomic operation mapping framework

Boqun Feng
2025-06-18T16:49:42Z

Preparation for generic atomic implementation. To unify the
implementation of a generic method over `i32` and `i64`, the C side
atomic methods need to be grouped so that in a generic method, they can
be referred as <type>::<method>, otherwise their parameters and return
value are different between `i32` and `i64`, which would require using
`transmute()` to unify the type into a `T`.

Introduce `AtomicImpl` to represent a basic type in Rust that has the
direct mapping to an atomic implementation from C. This trait is sealed,
and currently only `i32` and `i64` impl this.

Further, different methods are put into different `*Ops` trait groups,
and this is for the future when smaller types like `i8`/`i16` are
supported but only with a limited set of API (e.g. only set(), load(),
xchg() and cmpxchg(), no add() or sub() etc).

While the atomic mod is introduced, documentation is also added for
memory models and data races.

Also bump my role to the maintainer of ATOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE to reflect
my responsiblity on the Rust atomic mod.

Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
---
MAINTAINERS | 4 +-
rust/kernel/sync.rs | 1 +
rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs | 19 ++++
rust/kernel/sync/atomic/ops.rs | 199 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
4 files changed, 222 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
create mode 100644 rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
create mode 100644 rust/kernel/sync/atomic/ops.rs

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 0c1d245bf7b8..5eef524975ca 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -3894,7 +3894,7 @@ F: drivers/input/touchscreen/atmel_mxt_ts.c
ATOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE
M: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
M: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
-R: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
+M: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
R: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
L: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
S: Maintained
@@ -3903,6 +3903,8 @@ F: arch/*/include/asm/atomic*.h
F: include/*/atomic*.h
F: include/linux/refcount.h
F: scripts/atomic/
+F: rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
+F: rust/kernel/sync/atomic/

ATTO EXPRESSSAS SAS/SATA RAID SCSI DRIVER
M: Bradley Grove <linuxdrivers@attotech.com>
diff --git a/rust/kernel/sync.rs b/rust/kernel/sync.rs
index 36a719015583..b620027e0641 100644
--- a/rust/kernel/sync.rs
+++ b/rust/kernel/sync.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
use pin_init;

mod arc;
+pub mod atomic;
mod condvar;
pub mod lock;
mod locked_by;
diff --git a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..65e41dba97b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+//! Atomic primitives.
+//!
+//! These primitives have the same semantics as their C counterparts: and the precise definitions of
+//! semantics can be found at [`LKMM`]. Note that Linux Kernel Memory (Consistency) Model is the
+//! only model for Rust code in kernel, and Rust's own atomics should be avoided.
+//!
+//! # Data races
+//!
+//! [`LKMM`] atomics have different rules regarding data races:
+//!
+//! - A normal write from C side is treated as an atomic write if
+//! CONFIG_KCSAN_ASSUME_PLAIN_WRITES_ATOMIC=y.
+//! - Mixed-size atomic accesses don't cause data races.
+//!
+//! [`LKMM`]: srctree/tools/memory-mode/
+
+pub mod ops;
diff --git a/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/ops.rs b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/ops.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f8825f7c84f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/kernel/sync/atomic/ops.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+//! Atomic implementations.
+//!
+//! Provides 1:1 mapping of atomic implementations.
+
+use crate::bindings::*;
+use crate::macros::paste;
+
+mod private {
+ /// Sealed trait marker to disable customized impls on atomic implementation traits.
+ pub trait Sealed {}
+}
+
+// `i32` and `i64` are only supported atomic implementations.
+impl private::Sealed for i32 {}
+impl private::Sealed for i64 {}
+
+/// A marker trait for types that implement atomic operations with C side primitives.
+///
+/// This trait is sealed, and only types that have directly mapping to the C side atomics should
+/// impl this:
+///
+/// - `i32` maps to `atomic_t`.
+/// - `i64` maps to `atomic64_t`.
+pub trait AtomicImpl: Sized + Send + Copy + private::Sealed {}
+
+// `atomic_t` implements atomic operations on `i32`.
+impl AtomicImpl for i32 {}
+
+// `atomic64_t` implements atomic operations on `i64`.
+impl AtomicImpl for i64 {}
+
+// This macro generates the function signature with given argument list and return type.
+macro_rules! declare_atomic_method {
+ (
+ $func:ident($($arg:ident : $arg_type:ty),*) $(-> $ret:ty)?
+ ) => {
+ paste!(
+ #[doc = concat!("Atomic ", stringify!($func))]
+ #[doc = "# Safety"]
+ #[doc = "- Any pointer passed to the function has to be a valid pointer"]
+ #[doc = "- Accesses must not cause data races per LKMM:"]
+ #[doc = " - Atomic read racing with normal read, normal write or atomic write is not data race."]
+ #[doc = " - Atomic write racing with normal read or normal write is data-race, unless the"]
+ #[doc = " normal accesses are done at C side and considered as immune to data"]
+ #[doc = " races, e.g. CONFIG_KCSAN_ASSUME_PLAIN_WRITES_ATOMIC."]
+ unsafe fn [< atomic_ $func >]($($arg: $arg_type,)*) $(-> $ret)?;
+ );
+ };
+ (
+ $func:ident [$variant:ident $($rest:ident)*]($($arg_sig:tt)*) $(-> $ret:ty)?
+ ) => {
+ paste!(
+ declare_atomic_method!(
+ [< $func _ $variant >]($($arg_sig)*) $(-> $ret)?
+ );
+ );
+
+ declare_atomic_method!(
+ $func [$($rest)*]($($arg_sig)*) $(-> $ret)?
+ );
+ };
+ (
+ $func:ident []($($arg_sig:tt)*) $(-> $ret:ty)?
+ ) => {
+ declare_atomic_method!(
+ $func($($arg_sig)*) $(-> $ret)?
+ );
+ }
+}
+
+// This macro generates the function implementation with given argument list and return type, and it
+// will replace "call(...)" expression with "$ctype _ $func" to call the real C function.
+macro_rules! impl_atomic_method {
+ (
+ ($ctype:ident) $func:ident($($arg:ident: $arg_type:ty),*) $(-> $ret:ty)? {
+ call($($c_arg:expr),*)
+ }
+ ) => {
+ paste!(
+ #[inline(always)]
+ unsafe fn [< atomic_ $func >]($($arg: $arg_type,)*) $(-> $ret)? {
+ // SAFETY: Per function safety requirement, all pointers are valid, and accesses
+ // won't cause data race per LKMM.
+ unsafe { [< $ctype _ $func >]($($c_arg,)*) }
+ }
+ );
+ };
+ (
+ ($ctype:ident) $func:ident[$variant:ident $($rest:ident)*]($($arg_sig:tt)*) $(-> $ret:ty)? {
+ call($($arg:tt)*)
+ }
+ ) => {
+ paste!(
+ impl_atomic_method!(
+ ($ctype) [< $func _ $variant >]($($arg_sig)*) $( -> $ret)? {
+ call($($arg)*)
+ }
+ );
+ );
+ impl_atomic_method!(
+ ($ctype) $func [$($rest)*]($($arg_sig)*) $( -> $ret)? {
+ call($($arg)*)
+ }
+ );
+ };
+ (
+ ($ctype:ident) $func:ident[]($($arg_sig:tt)*) $( -> $ret:ty)? {
+ call($($arg:tt)*)
+ }
+ ) => {
+ impl_atomic_method!(
+ ($ctype) $func($($arg_sig)*) $(-> $ret)? {
+ call($($arg)*)
+ }
+ );
+ }
+}
+
+// Delcares $ops trait with methods and implements the trait for `i32` and `i64`.
+macro_rules! declare_and_impl_atomic_methods {
+ ($ops:ident ($doc:literal) {
+ $(
+ $func:ident [$($variant:ident),*]($($arg_sig:tt)*) $( -> $ret:ty)? {
+ call($($arg:tt)*)
+ }
+ )*
+ }) => {
+ #[doc = $doc]
+ pub trait $ops: AtomicImpl {
+ $(
+ declare_atomic_method!(
+ $func[$($variant)*]($($arg_sig)*) $(-> $ret)?
+ );
+ )*
+ }
+
+ impl $ops for i32 {
+ $(
+ impl_atomic_method!(
+ (atomic) $func[$($variant)*]($($arg_sig)*) $(-> $ret)? {
+ call($($arg)*)
+ }
+ );
+ )*
+ }
+
+ impl $ops for i64 {
+ $(
+ impl_atomic_method!(
+ (atomic64) $func[$($variant)*]($($arg_sig)*) $(-> $ret)? {
+ call($($arg)*)
+ }
+ );
+ )*
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+declare_and_impl_atomic_methods!(
+ AtomicHasBasicOps ("Basic atomic operations") {
+ read[acquire](ptr: *mut Self) -> Self {
+ call(ptr as *mut _)
+ }
+
+ set[release](ptr: *mut Self, v: Self) {
+ call(ptr as *mut _, v)
+ }
+ }
+);
+
+declare_and_impl_atomic_methods!(
+ AtomicHasXchgOps ("Exchange and compare-and-exchange atomic operations") {
+ xchg[acquire, release, relaxed](ptr: *mut Self, v: Self) -> Self {
+ call(ptr as *mut _, v)
+ }
+
+ cmpxchg[acquire, release, relaxed](ptr: *mut Self, old: Self, new: Self) -> Self {
+ call(ptr as *mut _, old, new)
+ }
+
+ try_cmpxchg[acquire, release, relaxed](ptr: *mut Self, old: *mut Self, new: Self) -> bool {
+ call(ptr as *mut _, old, new)
+ }
+ }
+);
+
+declare_and_impl_atomic_methods!(
+ AtomicHasArithmeticOps ("Atomic arithmetic operations") {
+ add[](ptr: *mut Self, v: Self) {
+ call(v, ptr as *mut _)
+ }
+
+ fetch_add[acquire, release, relaxed](ptr: *mut Self, v: Self) -> Self {
+ call(v, ptr as *mut _)
+ }
+ }
+);
--
2.39.5 (Apple Git-154)