Re: [RFC PATCH security-next 2/4] hornet: Introduce sign-ebpf

Blaise Boscaccy
2025-03-31T20:00:42Z

Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org> writes:

> On Fri, Mar 21, 2025 at 09:45:04AM -0700, Blaise Boscaccy wrote:
>> This introduces the sign-ebpf tool. It is very similar to the existing
>> sign-file script, with one key difference, it will sign a file with
>> with a signature computed off of arbitrary input data. This can used
>> to sign an ebpf light skeleton loader program for verification via
>> hornet.
>>
>> Typical usage is to provide a payload containing the lskel ebpf
>> syscall program binary and it's associated maps, which can be
>> extracted from the auto-generated skel header.
>>
>> Signed-off-by: Blaise Boscaccy <bboscaccy@linux.microsoft.com>
>> ---
>> scripts/Makefile | 1 +
>> scripts/hornet/Makefile | 5 +
>> scripts/hornet/sign-ebpf.c | 420 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>> 3 files changed, 426 insertions(+)
>> create mode 100644 scripts/hornet/Makefile
>> create mode 100644 scripts/hornet/sign-ebpf.c
>>
>> diff --git a/scripts/Makefile b/scripts/Makefile
>> index 46f860529df5e..a2cace05d7342 100644
>> --- a/scripts/Makefile
>> +++ b/scripts/Makefile
>> @@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ subdir-$(CONFIG_GENKSYMS) += genksyms
>> subdir-$(CONFIG_GENDWARFKSYMS) += gendwarfksyms
>> subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_SELINUX) += selinux
>> subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_IPE) += ipe
>> +subdir-$(CONFIG_SECURITY_HORNET) += hornet
>>
>> # Let clean descend into subdirs
>> subdir- += basic dtc gdb kconfig mod
>> diff --git a/scripts/hornet/Makefile b/scripts/hornet/Makefile
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 0000000000000..ab71dbb8688e4
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/scripts/hornet/Makefile
>> @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
>> +# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
>> +hostprogs-always-y := sign-ebpf
>> +
>> +HOSTCFLAGS_sign-ebpf.o = $(shell $(HOSTPKG_CONFIG) --cflags libcrypto 2> /dev/null)
>> +HOSTLDLIBS_sign-ebpf = $(shell $(HOSTPKG_CONFIG) --libs libcrypto 2> /dev/null || echo -lcrypto)
>> diff --git a/scripts/hornet/sign-ebpf.c b/scripts/hornet/sign-ebpf.c
>> new file mode 100644
>> index 0000000000000..ff98fddb79a15
>> --- /dev/null
>> +++ b/scripts/hornet/sign-ebpf.c
>> @@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
>> +/* Sign ebpf programs and skeletons using the given key.
>> + *
>> + * This program is heavily based on the kernel's sign-file tool
>> + * with some minor additions to support the signing of eBPF lskels.
>> + *
>> + * Copyright © 2014-2016 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
>> + * Copyright © 2015 Intel Corporation.
>> + * Copyright © 2016 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP
>> + * Copyright © 2025 Microsoft Corporation.
>> + *
>> + * Authors: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
>> + * David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
>> + * Juerg Haefliger <juerg.haefliger@hpe.com>
>> + * Blaise Boscaccy <bboscaccy@linux.microsoft.com>
>
> I don't think that for new code ad-hoc authors lists in source code
> make any sense.
>
>

I'll remove that. This script is mostly copy-paste of sign-file with
some new args and usage. I'll leave the copywrite and nuke the author
list.

>> + *
>> + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
>> + * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
>> + * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1
>> + * of the licence, or (at your option) any later version.
>
> Redundant given SPDX.
>

Sounds good.

>> + */
>> +#define _GNU_SOURCE
>> +#include <stdio.h>
>> +#include <stdlib.h>
>> +#include <stdint.h>
>> +#include <stdbool.h>
>> +#include <string.h>
>> +#include <getopt.h>
>> +#include <err.h>
>> +#include <arpa/inet.h>
>> +#include <openssl/opensslv.h>
>> +#include <openssl/bio.h>
>> +#include <openssl/evp.h>
>> +#include <openssl/pem.h>
>> +#include <openssl/err.h>
>> +#if OPENSSL_VERSION_MAJOR >= 3
>> +# define USE_PKCS11_PROVIDER
>> +# include <openssl/provider.h>
>> +# include <openssl/store.h>
>> +#else
>> +# if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ENGINE) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DEPRECATED_3_0)
>> +# define USE_PKCS11_ENGINE
>> +# include <openssl/engine.h>
>> +# endif
>> +#endif
>> +#include "../ssl-common.h"
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * Use CMS if we have openssl-1.0.0 or newer available - otherwise we have to
>> + * assume that it's not available and its header file is missing and that we
>> + * should use PKCS#7 instead. Switching to the older PKCS#7 format restricts
>> + * the options we have on specifying the X.509 certificate we want.
>> + *
>> + * Further, older versions of OpenSSL don't support manually adding signers to
>> + * the PKCS#7 message so have to accept that we get a certificate included in
>> + * the signature message. Nor do such older versions of OpenSSL support
>> + * signing with anything other than SHA1 - so we're stuck with that if such is
>> + * the case.
>> + */
>> +#if defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER) || \
>> + OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10000000L || \
>> + defined(OPENSSL_NO_CMS)
>> +#define USE_PKCS7
>> +#endif
>> +#ifndef USE_PKCS7
>> +#include <openssl/cms.h>
>> +#else
>> +#include <openssl/pkcs7.h>
>> +#endif
>> +
>> +struct module_signature {
>> + uint8_t algo; /* Public-key crypto algorithm [0] */
>> + uint8_t hash; /* Digest algorithm [0] */
>> + uint8_t id_type; /* Key identifier type [PKEY_ID_PKCS7] */
>> + uint8_t signer_len; /* Length of signer's name [0] */
>> + uint8_t key_id_len; /* Length of key identifier [0] */
>> + uint8_t __pad[3];
>> + uint32_t sig_len; /* Length of signature data */
>> +};
>> +
>> +#define PKEY_ID_PKCS7 2
>> +
>> +static char magic_number[] = "~eBPF signature appended~\n";
>> +
>> +static __attribute__((noreturn))
>> +void format(void)
>> +{
>> + fprintf(stderr,
>> + "Usage: scripts/sign-ebpf [-dp] <hash algo> <key> <x509> <bin> <loader> [<dest>]\n");
>> + exit(2);
>> +}
>> +
>> +static const char *key_pass;
>> +
>> +static int pem_pw_cb(char *buf, int len, int w, void *v)
>> +{
>> + int pwlen;
>> +
>> + if (!key_pass)
>> + return -1;
>> +
>> + pwlen = strlen(key_pass);
>> + if (pwlen >= len)
>> + return -1;
>> +
>> + strcpy(buf, key_pass);
>> +
>> + /* If it's wrong, don't keep trying it. */
>> + key_pass = NULL;
>> +
>> + return pwlen;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static EVP_PKEY *read_private_key_pkcs11(const char *private_key_name)
>> +{
>> + EVP_PKEY *private_key = NULL;
>> +#ifdef USE_PKCS11_PROVIDER
>> + OSSL_STORE_CTX *store;
>> +
>> + if (!OSSL_PROVIDER_try_load(NULL, "pkcs11", true))
>> + ERR(1, "OSSL_PROVIDER_try_load(pkcs11)");
>> + if (!OSSL_PROVIDER_try_load(NULL, "default", true))
>> + ERR(1, "OSSL_PROVIDER_try_load(default)");
>> +
>> + store = OSSL_STORE_open(private_key_name, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
>> + ERR(!store, "OSSL_STORE_open");
>> +
>> + while (!OSSL_STORE_eof(store)) {
>> + OSSL_STORE_INFO *info = OSSL_STORE_load(store);
>> +
>> + if (!info) {
>> + drain_openssl_errors(__LINE__, 0);
>> + continue;
>> + }
>> + if (OSSL_STORE_INFO_get_type(info) == OSSL_STORE_INFO_PKEY) {
>> + private_key = OSSL_STORE_INFO_get1_PKEY(info);
>> + ERR(!private_key, "OSSL_STORE_INFO_get1_PKEY");
>> + }
>> + OSSL_STORE_INFO_free(info);
>> + if (private_key)
>> + break;
>> + }
>> + OSSL_STORE_close(store);
>> +#elif defined(USE_PKCS11_ENGINE)
>> + ENGINE *e;
>> +
>> + ENGINE_load_builtin_engines();
>> + drain_openssl_errors(__LINE__, 1);
>> + e = ENGINE_by_id("pkcs11");
>> + ERR(!e, "Load PKCS#11 ENGINE");
>> + if (ENGINE_init(e))
>> + drain_openssl_errors(__LINE__, 1);
>> + else
>> + ERR(1, "ENGINE_init");
>> + if (key_pass)
>> + ERR(!ENGINE_ctrl_cmd_string(e, "PIN", key_pass, 0), "Set PKCS#11 PIN");
>> + private_key = ENGINE_load_private_key(e, private_key_name, NULL, NULL);
>> + ERR(!private_key, "%s", private_key_name);
>> +#else
>> + fprintf(stderr, "no pkcs11 engine/provider available\n");
>> + exit(1);
>> +#endif
>> + return private_key;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static EVP_PKEY *read_private_key(const char *private_key_name)
>> +{
>> + if (!strncmp(private_key_name, "pkcs11:", 7)) {
>> + return read_private_key_pkcs11(private_key_name);
>> + } else {
>> + EVP_PKEY *private_key;
>> + BIO *b;
>> +
>> + b = BIO_new_file(private_key_name, "rb");
>> + ERR(!b, "%s", private_key_name);
>> + private_key = PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey(b, NULL, pem_pw_cb,
>> + NULL);
>> + ERR(!private_key, "%s", private_key_name);
>> + BIO_free(b);
>> +
>> + return private_key;
>> + }
>> +}
>> +
>> +static X509 *read_x509(const char *x509_name)
>> +{
>> + unsigned char buf[2];
>> + X509 *x509;
>> + BIO *b;
>> + int n;
>> +
>> + b = BIO_new_file(x509_name, "rb");
>> + ERR(!b, "%s", x509_name);
>> +
>> + /* Look at the first two bytes of the file to determine the encoding */
>> + n = BIO_read(b, buf, 2);
>> + if (n != 2) {
>> + if (BIO_should_retry(b)) {
>> + fprintf(stderr, "%s: Read wanted retry\n", x509_name);
>> + exit(1);
>> + }
>> + if (n >= 0) {
>> + fprintf(stderr, "%s: Short read\n", x509_name);
>> + exit(1);
>> + }
>> + ERR(1, "%s", x509_name);
>> + }
>> +
>> + ERR(BIO_reset(b) != 0, "%s", x509_name);
>> +
>> + if (buf[0] == 0x30 && buf[1] >= 0x81 && buf[1] <= 0x84)
>> + /* Assume raw DER encoded X.509 */
>> + x509 = d2i_X509_bio(b, NULL);
>> + else
>> + /* Assume PEM encoded X.509 */
>> + x509 = PEM_read_bio_X509(b, NULL, NULL, NULL);
>> +
>> + BIO_free(b);
>> + ERR(!x509, "%s", x509_name);
>> +
>> + return x509;
>> +}
>> +
>> +int main(int argc, char **argv)
>> +{
>> + struct module_signature sig_info = { .id_type = PKEY_ID_PKCS7 };
>> + char *hash_algo = NULL;
>> + char *private_key_name = NULL, *raw_sig_name = NULL;
>> + char *x509_name, *bin_name, *loader_name, *dest_name;
>> + bool save_sig = false, replace_orig;
>> + bool sign_only = false;
>> + bool raw_sig = false;
>> + unsigned char buf[4096];
>> + unsigned long loader_size, sig_size;
>> + unsigned int use_signed_attrs;
>> + const EVP_MD *digest_algo;
>> + EVP_PKEY *private_key;
>> +#ifndef USE_PKCS7
>> + CMS_ContentInfo *cms = NULL;
>> + unsigned int use_keyid = 0;
>> +#else
>> + PKCS7 *pkcs7 = NULL;
>> +#endif
>> + X509 *x509;
>> + BIO *bd, *bm, *bl;
>> + int opt, n;
>> + OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
>> + ERR_load_crypto_strings();
>> + ERR_clear_error();
>> +
>> + key_pass = getenv("KBUILD_SIGN_PIN");
>> +
>> +#ifndef USE_PKCS7
>> + use_signed_attrs = CMS_NOATTR;
>> +#else
>> + use_signed_attrs = PKCS7_NOATTR;
>> +#endif
>> +
>> + do {
>> + opt = getopt(argc, argv, "sdpk");
>> + switch (opt) {
>> + case 's': raw_sig = true; break;
>> + case 'p': save_sig = true; break;
>> + case 'd': sign_only = true; save_sig = true; break;
>> +#ifndef USE_PKCS7
>> + case 'k': use_keyid = CMS_USE_KEYID; break;
>> +#endif
>> + case -1: break;
>> + default: format();
>> + }
>> + } while (opt != -1);
>> +
>> + argc -= optind;
>> + argv += optind;
>> + if (argc < 5 || argc > 6)
>> + format();
>> +
>> + if (raw_sig) {
>> + raw_sig_name = argv[0];
>> + hash_algo = argv[1];
>> + } else {
>> + hash_algo = argv[0];
>> + private_key_name = argv[1];
>> + }
>> + x509_name = argv[2];
>> + bin_name = argv[3];
>> + loader_name = argv[4];
>> + if (argc == 6 && strcmp(argv[4], argv[5]) != 0) {
>> + dest_name = argv[5];
>> + replace_orig = false;
>> + } else {
>> + ERR(asprintf(&dest_name, "%s.~signed~", loader_name) < 0,
>> + "asprintf");
>> + replace_orig = true;
>> + }
>> +
>> +#ifdef USE_PKCS7
>> + if (strcmp(hash_algo, "sha1") != 0) {
>> + fprintf(stderr, "sign-file: %s only supports SHA1 signing\n",
>> + OPENSSL_VERSION_TEXT);
>> + exit(3);
>> + }
>> +#endif
>> +
>> + /* Open the bin file */
>> + bm = BIO_new_file(bin_name, "rb");
>> + ERR(!bm, "%s", bin_name);
>> +
>> + if (!raw_sig) {
>> + /* Read the private key and the X.509 cert the PKCS#7 message
>> + * will point to.
>> + */
>> + private_key = read_private_key(private_key_name);
>> + x509 = read_x509(x509_name);
>> +
>> + /* Digest the module data. */
>> + OpenSSL_add_all_digests();
>> + drain_openssl_errors(__LINE__, 0);
>> + digest_algo = EVP_get_digestbyname(hash_algo);
>> + ERR(!digest_algo, "EVP_get_digestbyname");
>> +
>> +#ifndef USE_PKCS7
>> + /* Load the signature message from the digest buffer. */
>> + cms = CMS_sign(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL,
>> + CMS_NOCERTS | CMS_PARTIAL | CMS_BINARY |
>> + CMS_DETACHED | CMS_STREAM);
>> + ERR(!cms, "CMS_sign");
>> +
>> + ERR(!CMS_add1_signer(cms, x509, private_key, digest_algo,
>> + CMS_NOCERTS | CMS_BINARY |
>> + CMS_NOSMIMECAP | use_keyid |
>> + use_signed_attrs),
>> + "CMS_add1_signer");
>> + ERR(CMS_final(cms, bm, NULL, CMS_NOCERTS | CMS_BINARY) != 1,
>> + "CMS_final");
>> +
>> +#else
>> + pkcs7 = PKCS7_sign(x509, private_key, NULL, bm,
>> + PKCS7_NOCERTS | PKCS7_BINARY |
>> + PKCS7_DETACHED | use_signed_attrs);
>> + ERR(!pkcs7, "PKCS7_sign");
>> +#endif
>> +
>> + if (save_sig) {
>> + char *sig_file_name;
>> + BIO *b;
>> +
>> + ERR(asprintf(&sig_file_name, "%s.p7s", bin_name) < 0,
>> + "asprintf");
>> + b = BIO_new_file(sig_file_name, "wb");
>> + ERR(!b, "%s", sig_file_name);
>> +#ifndef USE_PKCS7
>> + ERR(i2d_CMS_bio_stream(b, cms, NULL, 0) != 1,
>> + "%s", sig_file_name);
>> +#else
>> + ERR(i2d_PKCS7_bio(b, pkcs7) != 1,
>> + "%s", sig_file_name);
>> +#endif
>> + BIO_free(b);
>> + }
>> +
>> + if (sign_only) {
>> + BIO_free(bm);
>> + return 0;
>> + }
>> + }
>> +
>> + /* Open the destination file now so that we can shovel the loader data
>> + * across as we read it.
>> + */
>> + bd = BIO_new_file(dest_name, "wb");
>> + ERR(!bd, "%s", dest_name);
>> +
>> + bl = BIO_new_file(loader_name, "rb");
>> + ERR(!bl, "%s", loader_name);
>> +
>> +
>> + /* Append the marker and the PKCS#7 message to the destination file */
>> + ERR(BIO_reset(bm) < 0, "%s", bin_name);
>> + ERR(BIO_reset(bl) < 0, "%s", loader_name);
>> + while ((n = BIO_read(bl, buf, sizeof(buf))),
>> + n > 0) {
>> + ERR(BIO_write(bd, buf, n) < 0, "%s", dest_name);
>> + }
>> + BIO_free(bl);
>> + BIO_free(bm);
>> + ERR(n < 0, "%s", loader_name);
>> + loader_size = BIO_number_written(bd);
>> +
>> + if (!raw_sig) {
>> +#ifndef USE_PKCS7
>> + ERR(i2d_CMS_bio_stream(bd, cms, NULL, 0) != 1, "%s", dest_name);
>> +#else
>> + ERR(i2d_PKCS7_bio(bd, pkcs7) != 1, "%s", dest_name);
>> +#endif
>> + } else {
>> + BIO *b;
>> +
>> + /* Read the raw signature file and write the data to the
>> + * destination file
>> + */
>> + b = BIO_new_file(raw_sig_name, "rb");
>> + ERR(!b, "%s", raw_sig_name);
>> + while ((n = BIO_read(b, buf, sizeof(buf))), n > 0)
>> + ERR(BIO_write(bd, buf, n) < 0, "%s", dest_name);
>> + BIO_free(b);
>> + }
>> +
>> + sig_size = BIO_number_written(bd) - loader_size;
>> + sig_info.sig_len = htonl(sig_size);
>> + ERR(BIO_write(bd, &sig_info, sizeof(sig_info)) < 0, "%s", dest_name);
>> + ERR(BIO_write(bd, magic_number, sizeof(magic_number) - 1) < 0, "%s", dest_name);
>> +
>> + ERR(BIO_free(bd) != 1, "%s", dest_name);
>> +
>> + /* Finally, if we're signing in place, replace the original. */
>> + if (replace_orig)
>> + ERR(rename(dest_name, loader_name) < 0, "%s", dest_name);
>> +
>> + return 0;
>> +}
>> --
>> 2.48.1
>>
>
> BR, Jarkko