[PATCH net] net/sched: ets: fix divide by zero in the offload path

[PATCH net] net/sched: ets: fix divide by zero in the offload path

[Davide Caratti]

Offloading ETS requires computing each class' WRR weight: this is done by
averaging over the sums of quanta as 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'. Using unsigned
int, the same integer size as the individual DRR quanta, can overflow and
even cause division by zero, like it happened in the following splat:

 Oops: divide error: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
 CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 487 Comm: tc Tainted: G            E       6.19.0-virtme #45 PREEMPT(full)
 Tainted: [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE
 Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
 RIP: 0010:ets_offload_change+0x11f/0x290 [sch_ets]
 Code: e4 45 31 ff eb 03 41 89 c7 41 89 cb 89 ce 83 f9 0f 0f 87 b7 00 00 00 45 8b 08 31 c0 45 01 cc 45 85 c9 74 09 41 6b c4 64 31 d2 <41> f7 f2 89 c2 44 29 fa 45 89 df 41 83 fb 0f 0f 87 c7 00 00 00 44
 RSP: 0018:ffffd0a180d77588 EFLAGS: 00010246
 RAX: 00000000ffffff38 RBX: ffff8d3d482ca000 RCX: 0000000000000000
 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffd0a180d77660
 RBP: ffffd0a180d77690 R08: ffff8d3d482ca2d8 R09: 00000000fffffffe
 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 00000000fffffffe
 R13: ffff8d3d472f2000 R14: 0000000000000003 R15: 0000000000000000
 FS:  00007f440b6c2740(0000) GS:ffff8d3dc9803000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
 CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
 CR2: 000000003cdd2000 CR3: 0000000007b58002 CR4: 0000000000172ef0
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  ets_qdisc_change+0x870/0xf40 [sch_ets]
  qdisc_create+0x12b/0x540
  tc_modify_qdisc+0x6d7/0xbd0
  rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x168/0x6b0
  netlink_rcv_skb+0x5c/0x110
  netlink_unicast+0x1d6/0x2b0
  netlink_sendmsg+0x22e/0x470
  ____sys_sendmsg+0x38a/0x3c0
  ___sys_sendmsg+0x99/0xe0
  __sys_sendmsg+0x8a/0xf0
  do_syscall_64+0x111/0xf80
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
 RIP: 0033:0x7f440b81c77e
 Code: 4d 89 d8 e8 d4 bc 00 00 4c 8b 5d f8 41 8b 93 08 03 00 00 59 5e 48 83 f8 fc 74 11 c9 c3 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 48 8b 45 10 0f 05 <c9> c3 83 e2 39 83 fa 08 75 e7 e8 13 ff ff ff 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa
 RSP: 002b:00007fff951e4c10 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e
 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000481820 RCX: 00007f440b81c77e
 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007fff951e4cd0 RDI: 0000000000000003
 RBP: 00007fff951e4c20 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007fff951f4fa8
 R13: 00000000699ddede R14: 00007f440bb01000 R15: 0000000000486980
  </TASK>
 Modules linked in: sch_ets(E) netdevsim(E)
 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
 RIP: 0010:ets_offload_change+0x11f/0x290 [sch_ets]
 Code: e4 45 31 ff eb 03 41 89 c7 41 89 cb 89 ce 83 f9 0f 0f 87 b7 00 00 00 45 8b 08 31 c0 45 01 cc 45 85 c9 74 09 41 6b c4 64 31 d2 <41> f7 f2 89 c2 44 29 fa 45 89 df 41 83 fb 0f 0f 87 c7 00 00 00 44
 RSP: 0018:ffffd0a180d77588 EFLAGS: 00010246
 RAX: 00000000ffffff38 RBX: ffff8d3d482ca000 RCX: 0000000000000000
 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffd0a180d77660
 RBP: ffffd0a180d77690 R08: ffff8d3d482ca2d8 R09: 00000000fffffffe
 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 00000000fffffffe
 R13: ffff8d3d472f2000 R14: 0000000000000003 R15: 0000000000000000
 FS:  00007f440b6c2740(0000) GS:ffff8d3dc9803000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
 CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
 CR2: 000000003cdd2000 CR3: 0000000007b58002 CR4: 0000000000172ef0
 Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception
 Kernel Offset: 0x30000000 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation range: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbfffffff)
 ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception ]---

Fix this using 64-bit integers for 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: d35eb52bd2ac ("net: sch_ets: Make the ETS qdisc offloadable")
Signed-off-by: Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com>
---
 net/sched/sch_ets.c | 12 ++++++++----
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/net/sched/sch_ets.c b/net/sched/sch_ets.c
index 306e046276d4..a4b07b661b77 100644
--- a/net/sched/sch_ets.c
+++ b/net/sched/sch_ets.c
@@ -115,12 +115,12 @@ static void ets_offload_change(struct Qdisc *sch)
 	struct ets_sched *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
 	struct tc_ets_qopt_offload qopt;
 	unsigned int w_psum_prev = 0;
-	unsigned int q_psum = 0;
-	unsigned int q_sum = 0;
 	unsigned int quantum;
 	unsigned int w_psum;
 	unsigned int weight;
 	unsigned int i;
+	u64 q_psum = 0;
+	u64 q_sum = 0;
 
 	if (!tc_can_offload(dev) || !dev->netdev_ops->ndo_setup_tc)
 		return;
@@ -138,8 +138,12 @@ static void ets_offload_change(struct Qdisc *sch)
 
 	for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++) {
 		quantum = q->classes[i].quantum;
-		q_psum += quantum;
-		w_psum = quantum ? q_psum * 100 / q_sum : 0;
+		if (quantum) {
+			q_psum += quantum;
+			w_psum = div64_u64(q_psum * 100, q_sum);
+		} else {
+			w_psum = 0;
+		}
 		weight = w_psum - w_psum_prev;
 		w_psum_prev = w_psum;
 
-- 
2.52.0

Re: [PATCH net] net/sched: ets: fix divide by zero in the offload path

[Jamal Hadi Salim]

Hi Davide,

On Tue, Feb 24, 2026 at 3:30 PM Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> Offloading ETS requires computing each class' WRR weight: this is done by
> averaging over the sums of quanta as 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'. Using unsigned
> int, the same integer size as the individual DRR quanta, can overflow and
> even cause division by zero, like it happened in the following splat:
>

Was there a setup/test that resulted in the splat? It would be nice if
you could document it.
The fix looks good, so:

Reviewed-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>

cheers,
jamal

>  Oops: divide error: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
>  CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 487 Comm: tc Tainted: G            E       6.19.0-virtme #45 PREEMPT(full)
>  Tainted: [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE
>  Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
>  RIP: 0010:ets_offload_change+0x11f/0x290 [sch_ets]
>  Code: e4 45 31 ff eb 03 41 89 c7 41 89 cb 89 ce 83 f9 0f 0f 87 b7 00 00 00 45 8b 08 31 c0 45 01 cc 45 85 c9 74 09 41 6b c4 64 31 d2 <41> f7 f2 89 c2 44 29 fa 45 89 df 41 83 fb 0f 0f 87 c7 00 00 00 44
>  RSP: 0018:ffffd0a180d77588 EFLAGS: 00010246
>  RAX: 00000000ffffff38 RBX: ffff8d3d482ca000 RCX: 0000000000000000
>  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffd0a180d77660
>  RBP: ffffd0a180d77690 R08: ffff8d3d482ca2d8 R09: 00000000fffffffe
>  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 00000000fffffffe
>  R13: ffff8d3d472f2000 R14: 0000000000000003 R15: 0000000000000000
>  FS:  00007f440b6c2740(0000) GS:ffff8d3dc9803000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
>  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
>  CR2: 000000003cdd2000 CR3: 0000000007b58002 CR4: 0000000000172ef0
>  Call Trace:
>   <TASK>
>   ets_qdisc_change+0x870/0xf40 [sch_ets]
>   qdisc_create+0x12b/0x540
>   tc_modify_qdisc+0x6d7/0xbd0
>   rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x168/0x6b0
>   netlink_rcv_skb+0x5c/0x110
>   netlink_unicast+0x1d6/0x2b0
>   netlink_sendmsg+0x22e/0x470
>   ____sys_sendmsg+0x38a/0x3c0
>   ___sys_sendmsg+0x99/0xe0
>   __sys_sendmsg+0x8a/0xf0
>   do_syscall_64+0x111/0xf80
>   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
>  RIP: 0033:0x7f440b81c77e
>  Code: 4d 89 d8 e8 d4 bc 00 00 4c 8b 5d f8 41 8b 93 08 03 00 00 59 5e 48 83 f8 fc 74 11 c9 c3 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 48 8b 45 10 0f 05 <c9> c3 83 e2 39 83 fa 08 75 e7 e8 13 ff ff ff 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa
>  RSP: 002b:00007fff951e4c10 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e
>  RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000481820 RCX: 00007f440b81c77e
>  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007fff951e4cd0 RDI: 0000000000000003
>  RBP: 00007fff951e4c20 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
>  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007fff951f4fa8
>  R13: 00000000699ddede R14: 00007f440bb01000 R15: 0000000000486980
>   </TASK>
>  Modules linked in: sch_ets(E) netdevsim(E)
>  ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
>  RIP: 0010:ets_offload_change+0x11f/0x290 [sch_ets]
>  Code: e4 45 31 ff eb 03 41 89 c7 41 89 cb 89 ce 83 f9 0f 0f 87 b7 00 00 00 45 8b 08 31 c0 45 01 cc 45 85 c9 74 09 41 6b c4 64 31 d2 <41> f7 f2 89 c2 44 29 fa 45 89 df 41 83 fb 0f 0f 87 c7 00 00 00 44
>  RSP: 0018:ffffd0a180d77588 EFLAGS: 00010246
>  RAX: 00000000ffffff38 RBX: ffff8d3d482ca000 RCX: 0000000000000000
>  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffd0a180d77660
>  RBP: ffffd0a180d77690 R08: ffff8d3d482ca2d8 R09: 00000000fffffffe
>  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 00000000fffffffe
>  R13: ffff8d3d472f2000 R14: 0000000000000003 R15: 0000000000000000
>  FS:  00007f440b6c2740(0000) GS:ffff8d3dc9803000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
>  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
>  CR2: 000000003cdd2000 CR3: 0000000007b58002 CR4: 0000000000172ef0
>  Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception
>  Kernel Offset: 0x30000000 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation range: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbfffffff)
>  ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception ]---
>
> Fix this using 64-bit integers for 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'.
>
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Fixes: d35eb52bd2ac ("net: sch_ets: Make the ETS qdisc offloadable")
> Signed-off-by: Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com>
> ---
>  net/sched/sch_ets.c | 12 ++++++++----
>  1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/net/sched/sch_ets.c b/net/sched/sch_ets.c
> index 306e046276d4..a4b07b661b77 100644
> --- a/net/sched/sch_ets.c
> +++ b/net/sched/sch_ets.c
> @@ -115,12 +115,12 @@ static void ets_offload_change(struct Qdisc *sch)
>         struct ets_sched *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
>         struct tc_ets_qopt_offload qopt;
>         unsigned int w_psum_prev = 0;
> -       unsigned int q_psum = 0;
> -       unsigned int q_sum = 0;
>         unsigned int quantum;
>         unsigned int w_psum;
>         unsigned int weight;
>         unsigned int i;
> +       u64 q_psum = 0;
> +       u64 q_sum = 0;
>
>         if (!tc_can_offload(dev) || !dev->netdev_ops->ndo_setup_tc)
>                 return;
> @@ -138,8 +138,12 @@ static void ets_offload_change(struct Qdisc *sch)
>
>         for (i = 0; i < q->nbands; i++) {
>                 quantum = q->classes[i].quantum;
> -               q_psum += quantum;
> -               w_psum = quantum ? q_psum * 100 / q_sum : 0;
> +               if (quantum) {
> +                       q_psum += quantum;
> +                       w_psum = div64_u64(q_psum * 100, q_sum);
> +               } else {
> +                       w_psum = 0;
> +               }
>                 weight = w_psum - w_psum_prev;
>                 w_psum_prev = w_psum;
>
> --
> 2.52.0
>

Re: [PATCH net] net/sched: ets: fix divide by zero in the offload path

[Davide Caratti]

On Wed, Feb 25, 2026 at 08:45:10AM -0500, Jamal Hadi Salim wrote:
> Hi Davide,
> 
> On Tue, Feb 24, 2026 at 3:30 PM Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com> wrote:
> >
> > Offloading ETS requires computing each class' WRR weight: this is done by
> > averaging over the sums of quanta as 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'. Using unsigned
> > int, the same integer size as the individual DRR quanta, can overflow and
> > even cause division by zero, like it happened in the following splat:
> >
> 
> Was there a setup/test that resulted in the splat? It would be nice if
> you could document it.
> The fix looks good, so:
> 
> Reviewed-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>

hi Jamal, thanks for reviewing!

the test is a single line :

# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root ets bands 3 quanta 4294967294 1 1

but to see p_sum = 0 as divisor, eth0 must support offload for TC_SETUP_QDISC_ETS.
I see that netdevsim only supports TAPRIO offload, and I plan to follow-up on
net-next adding support for ETS offload on netdevsim (maybe also other qdiscs
deserve this, just to let syzkaller explore some  "new" areas).

This way, I can write a TDC test-case similar to those we have for taprio
or cake-mq. 

-- 
davide

Re: [PATCH net] net/sched: ets: fix divide by zero in the offload path

[Petr Machata]

Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com> writes:

> Offloading ETS requires computing each class' WRR weight: this is done by
> averaging over the sums of quanta as 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'. Using unsigned
> int, the same integer size as the individual DRR quanta, can overflow and
> even cause division by zero, like it happened in the following splat:

...

> Fix this using 64-bit integers for 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'.
>
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Fixes: d35eb52bd2ac ("net: sch_ets: Make the ETS qdisc offloadable")
> Signed-off-by: Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com>

Thanks for the fix!

Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com>

Re: [PATCH net] net/sched: ets: fix divide by zero in the offload path

[Jamal Hadi Salim]

On Wed, Feb 25, 2026 at 9:04 AM Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Feb 25, 2026 at 08:45:10AM -0500, Jamal Hadi Salim wrote:
> > Hi Davide,
> >
> > On Tue, Feb 24, 2026 at 3:30 PM Davide Caratti <dcaratti@redhat.com> wrote:
> > >
> > > Offloading ETS requires computing each class' WRR weight: this is done by
> > > averaging over the sums of quanta as 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'. Using unsigned
> > > int, the same integer size as the individual DRR quanta, can overflow and
> > > even cause division by zero, like it happened in the following splat:
> > >
> >
> > Was there a setup/test that resulted in the splat? It would be nice if
> > you could document it.
> > The fix looks good, so:
> >
> > Reviewed-by: Jamal Hadi Salim <jhs@mojatatu.com>
>
> hi Jamal, thanks for reviewing!
>
> the test is a single line :
>
> # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root ets bands 3 quanta 4294967294 1 1
>

If you have to resend then add it to the commit - otherwise a tdc test
should cover it fine (when you get to the netdevsim change perhaps)

cheers,
jamal

> but to see p_sum = 0 as divisor, eth0 must support offload for TC_SETUP_QDISC_ETS.
> I see that netdevsim only supports TAPRIO offload, and I plan to follow-up on
> net-next adding support for ETS offload on netdevsim (maybe also other qdiscs
> deserve this, just to let syzkaller explore some  "new" areas).
>
> This way, I can write a TDC test-case similar to those we have for taprio
> or cake-mq.
>
> --
> davide
>

Re: [PATCH net] net/sched: ets: fix divide by zero in the offload path

[patchwork-bot+netdevbpf]

Hello:

This patch was applied to netdev/net.git (main)
by Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>:

On Tue, 24 Feb 2026 21:28:32 +0100 you wrote:
> Offloading ETS requires computing each class' WRR weight: this is done by
> averaging over the sums of quanta as 'q_sum' and 'q_psum'. Using unsigned
> int, the same integer size as the individual DRR quanta, can overflow and
> even cause division by zero, like it happened in the following splat:
> 
>  Oops: divide error: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
>  CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 487 Comm: tc Tainted: G            E       6.19.0-virtme #45 PREEMPT(full)
>  Tainted: [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE
>  Hardware name: Bochs Bochs, BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011
>  RIP: 0010:ets_offload_change+0x11f/0x290 [sch_ets]
>  Code: e4 45 31 ff eb 03 41 89 c7 41 89 cb 89 ce 83 f9 0f 0f 87 b7 00 00 00 45 8b 08 31 c0 45 01 cc 45 85 c9 74 09 41 6b c4 64 31 d2 <41> f7 f2 89 c2 44 29 fa 45 89 df 41 83 fb 0f 0f 87 c7 00 00 00 44
>  RSP: 0018:ffffd0a180d77588 EFLAGS: 00010246
>  RAX: 00000000ffffff38 RBX: ffff8d3d482ca000 RCX: 0000000000000000
>  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffffd0a180d77660
>  RBP: ffffd0a180d77690 R08: ffff8d3d482ca2d8 R09: 00000000fffffffe
>  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 00000000fffffffe
>  R13: ffff8d3d472f2000 R14: 0000000000000003 R15: 0000000000000000
>  FS:  00007f440b6c2740(0000) GS:ffff8d3dc9803000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
>  CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
>  CR2: 000000003cdd2000 CR3: 0000000007b58002 CR4: 0000000000172ef0
>  Call Trace:
>   <TASK>
>   ets_qdisc_change+0x870/0xf40 [sch_ets]
>   qdisc_create+0x12b/0x540
>   tc_modify_qdisc+0x6d7/0xbd0
>   rtnetlink_rcv_msg+0x168/0x6b0
>   netlink_rcv_skb+0x5c/0x110
>   netlink_unicast+0x1d6/0x2b0
>   netlink_sendmsg+0x22e/0x470
>   ____sys_sendmsg+0x38a/0x3c0
>   ___sys_sendmsg+0x99/0xe0
>   __sys_sendmsg+0x8a/0xf0
>   do_syscall_64+0x111/0xf80
>   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
>  RIP: 0033:0x7f440b81c77e
>  Code: 4d 89 d8 e8 d4 bc 00 00 4c 8b 5d f8 41 8b 93 08 03 00 00 59 5e 48 83 f8 fc 74 11 c9 c3 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 48 8b 45 10 0f 05 <c9> c3 83 e2 39 83 fa 08 75 e7 e8 13 ff ff ff 0f 1f 00 f3 0f 1e fa
>  RSP: 002b:00007fff951e4c10 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e
>  RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000481820 RCX: 00007f440b81c77e
>  RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007fff951e4cd0 RDI: 0000000000000003
>  RBP: 00007fff951e4c20 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
>  R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 00007fff951f4fa8
>  R13: 00000000699ddede R14: 00007f440bb01000 R15: 0000000000486980
>   </TASK>
>  Modules linked in: sch_ets(E) netdevsim(E)
> 
> [...]

Here is the summary with links:
  - [net] net/sched: ets: fix divide by zero in the offload path
    https://git.kernel.org/netdev/net/c/e35626f610f3

You are awesome, thank you!
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