Autotuning and send buffer size

Autotuning and send buffer size

[Jim Rees]

Bill Fink and others have mentioned that tcp buffer size autotuning can
cause a 5% or so performance penalty.  I looked into this a bit, and it
appears that if you set the sender's socket buffer too big, performance
suffers.

Consider this, on a 1Gbps link with ~.1msec delay (12KB bdp):

Fixed 128KB sender socket buffer:
nuttcp -i1 -w128k pdsi5
 1115.4375 MB /  10.00 sec =  935.2707 Mbps 4 %TX 11 %RX

Fixed 8MB sender socket buffer:
nuttcp -i1 -w8m pdsi5
 1063.0625 MB /  10.10 sec =  882.7833 Mbps 4 %TX 15 %RX

Autotuned sender socket buffer:
nuttcp -i1 pdsi5
 1056.9375 MB /  10.04 sec =  883.1083 Mbps 4 %TX 15 %RX

I don't undestand how a "too big" sender buffer can hurt performance.  I
have not measured what size the sender's buffer is in the autotuning case.

Yes, I know "nuttcp -w" also sets the receiver's socket buffer size.  I
tried various upper limits on the receiver's buffer size via
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem but that doesn't seem to matter as long as it's big
enough:

nuttcp -i1 pdsi5
sender wmem_max=131071, receiver rmem_max=15728640
 1116.9375 MB /  10.01 sec =  936.4816 Mbps 3 %TX 16 %RX
sender wmem_max=15728640, receiver rmem_max=15728640
 1062.8750 MB /  10.10 sec =  882.6013 Mbps 4 %TX 15 %RX
sender wmem_max=15728640, receiver rmem_max=131071
 1060.2500 MB /  10.07 sec =  883.2847 Mbps 4 %TX 15 %RX

Re: Autotuning and send buffer size

[Rick Jones]

> I don't undestand how a "too big" sender buffer can hurt performance.  I
> have not measured what size the sender's buffer is in the autotuning case.

In broad handwaving terms, TCP will have no more data outstanding at one 
time than the lesser of:

*) what the application has sent
*) the current value of the computed congestion window
*) the receiver's advertised window
*) the quantity of data TCP can hold in its retransmission queue

That last one is, IIRC directly related to "SO_SNDBUF"

That leads to an hypothesis of all of those being/growing large enough 
to overflow a queue somewhere - for example an interface's transmit 
queue and causing retransmissions.  Ostensibly, one could check that in 
ifconfig and/or netstat statistics.

rick jones

Re: Autotuning and send buffer size

[Bill Fink]

On Fri, 11 Jul 2008, Jim Rees wrote:

> Bill Fink and others have mentioned that tcp buffer size autotuning can
> cause a 5% or so performance penalty.  I looked into this a bit, and it
> appears that if you set the sender's socket buffer too big, performance
> suffers.
> 
> Consider this, on a 1Gbps link with ~.1msec delay (12KB bdp):
> 
> Fixed 128KB sender socket buffer:
> nuttcp -i1 -w128k pdsi5
>  1115.4375 MB /  10.00 sec =  935.2707 Mbps 4 %TX 11 %RX
> 
> Fixed 8MB sender socket buffer:
> nuttcp -i1 -w8m pdsi5
>  1063.0625 MB /  10.10 sec =  882.7833 Mbps 4 %TX 15 %RX
> 
> Autotuned sender socket buffer:
> nuttcp -i1 pdsi5
>  1056.9375 MB /  10.04 sec =  883.1083 Mbps 4 %TX 15 %RX
> 
> I don't undestand how a "too big" sender buffer can hurt performance.  I
> have not measured what size the sender's buffer is in the autotuning case.
> 
> Yes, I know "nuttcp -w" also sets the receiver's socket buffer size.  I
> tried various upper limits on the receiver's buffer size via
> net.ipv4.tcp_rmem but that doesn't seem to matter as long as it's big
> enough:
> 
> nuttcp -i1 pdsi5
> sender wmem_max=131071, receiver rmem_max=15728640
>  1116.9375 MB /  10.01 sec =  936.4816 Mbps 3 %TX 16 %RX
> sender wmem_max=15728640, receiver rmem_max=15728640
>  1062.8750 MB /  10.10 sec =  882.6013 Mbps 4 %TX 15 %RX
> sender wmem_max=15728640, receiver rmem_max=131071
>  1060.2500 MB /  10.07 sec =  883.2847 Mbps 4 %TX 15 %RX

FYI you can use the nuttcp "-ws" parameter in addition to the "-w"
parameter to independently set the server's socket buffer size to
be different than the client's socket buffer size.  And you can also
specify "-ws0" if you wanted the server (which is the receiver for
the client transmitter case) to autotune while still being able to
explicitly specify the client's socket buffer size with the "-w"
setting.

						-Bill

Re: Autotuning and send buffer size

[Bill Fink]

On Fri, 11 Jul 2008, Rick Jones wrote:

> > I don't undestand how a "too big" sender buffer can hurt performance.  I
> > have not measured what size the sender's buffer is in the autotuning case.
> 
> In broad handwaving terms, TCP will have no more data outstanding at one 
> time than the lesser of:
> 
> *) what the application has sent
> *) the current value of the computed congestion window
> *) the receiver's advertised window
> *) the quantity of data TCP can hold in its retransmission queue
> 
> That last one is, IIRC directly related to "SO_SNDBUF"
> 
> That leads to an hypothesis of all of those being/growing large enough 
> to overflow a queue somewhere - for example an interface's transmit 
> queue and causing retransmissions.  Ostensibly, one could check that in 
> ifconfig and/or netstat statistics.

The latest 6.0.1-beta version of nuttcp, available at:

	http://lcp.nrl.navy.mil/nuttcp/beta/nuttcp-6.0.1.c

will report TCP retransmission info.

I did some tests on 10-GigE and TCP retransmissions weren't an issue,
but specifying too large a socket buffer size did have a performance
penalty (tests run on 2.6.20.7 kernel).

First, using a 512 KB socket buffer:

[root@chance8 ~]# repeat 10 taskset 1 nuttcp -f-beta -M1460 -w512k 192.168.88.13 | ./mam 7
 5620.7500 MB /  10.01 sec = 4709.4941 Mbps 99 %TX 66 %RX 0 retrans
 5465.5000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4579.4129 Mbps 100 %TX 63 %RX 0 retrans
 5704.0625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4781.2377 Mbps 100 %TX 71 %RX 0 retrans
 5398.5000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4525.1052 Mbps 99 %TX 62 %RX 0 retrans
 5691.6250 MB /  10.01 sec = 4770.8076 Mbps 99 %TX 71 %RX 0 retrans
 5404.1875 MB /  10.01 sec = 4529.8749 Mbps 99 %TX 64 %RX 0 retrans
 5698.3125 MB /  10.01 sec = 4776.3878 Mbps 100 %TX 70 %RX 0 retrans
 5400.6250 MB /  10.01 sec = 4526.8575 Mbps 100 %TX 65 %RX 0 retrans
 5694.7500 MB /  10.01 sec = 4773.3970 Mbps 100 %TX 71 %RX 0 retrans
 5440.9375 MB /  10.01 sec = 4558.8289 Mbps 100 %TX 64 %RX 0 retrans

min/avg/max = 4525.1052/4653.1404/4781.2377

I specified a TCP MSS of 1460 to force use of standard 1500-byte
Ethernet IP MTU since my default mode is to use 9000-byte jumbo
frames (I also have TSO disabled).

Then, using a 10 MB socket buffer:

[root@chance8 ~]# repeat 10 taskset 1 nuttcp -f-beta -M1460 -w10m 192.168.88.13 | ./mam 7
 5675.8750 MB /  10.01 sec = 4757.6071 Mbps 100 %TX 66 %RX 0 retrans
 5717.6250 MB /  10.01 sec = 4792.6069 Mbps 100 %TX 72 %RX 0 retrans
 5679.0000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4760.2204 Mbps 100 %TX 70 %RX 0 retrans
 5444.3125 MB /  10.01 sec = 4563.4777 Mbps 99 %TX 63 %RX 0 retrans
 5689.0625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4768.6363 Mbps 100 %TX 72 %RX 0 retrans
 5583.1875 MB /  10.01 sec = 4679.8851 Mbps 100 %TX 67 %RX 0 retrans
 5647.1250 MB /  10.01 sec = 4731.5889 Mbps 100 %TX 68 %RX 0 retrans
 5605.2500 MB /  10.01 sec = 4696.5324 Mbps 100 %TX 68 %RX 0 retrans
 5609.2500 MB /  10.01 sec = 4701.7601 Mbps 100 %TX 66 %RX 0 retrans
 5633.0000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4721.6696 Mbps 100 %TX 65 %RX 0 retrans

min/avg/max = 4563.4777/4717.3984/4792.6069

Not much difference (about a 1.38 % increase).

But then switching to a 100 MB socket buffer:

[root@chance8 ~]# repeat 10 taskset 1 nuttcp -f-beta -M1460 -w100m 192.168.88.13 | ./mam 7
 4887.6250 MB /  10.01 sec = 4095.2239 Mbps 99 %TX 68 %RX 0 retrans
 4956.0625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4152.5652 Mbps 100 %TX 68 %RX 0 retrans
 4935.3750 MB /  10.01 sec = 4136.9084 Mbps 99 %TX 69 %RX 0 retrans
 4962.5000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4159.6409 Mbps 100 %TX 69 %RX 0 retrans
 4919.9375 MB /  10.01 sec = 4123.9685 Mbps 100 %TX 68 %RX 0 retrans
 4947.0625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4146.7009 Mbps 100 %TX 69 %RX 0 retrans
 5071.0625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4250.6175 Mbps 100 %TX 75 %RX 0 retrans
 4958.3125 MB /  10.01 sec = 4156.1080 Mbps 100 %TX 71 %RX 0 retrans
 5078.3750 MB /  10.01 sec = 4256.7461 Mbps 100 %TX 74 %RX 0 retrans
 4955.1875 MB /  10.01 sec = 4151.8279 Mbps 100 %TX 67 %RX 0 retrans

min/avg/max = 4095.2239/4163.0307/4256.7461

This did take about a 8.95 % performance hit.

And using TCP autotuning:

[root@chance8 ~]# repeat 10 taskset 1 nuttcp -f-beta -M1460 192.168.88.13 | ./mam 7
 5673.6875 MB /  10.01 sec = 4755.7692 Mbps 100 %TX 66 %RX 0 retrans
 5659.3125 MB /  10.01 sec = 4743.6986 Mbps 99 %TX 67 %RX 0 retrans
 5835.5000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4891.3760 Mbps 99 %TX 70 %RX 0 retrans
 4985.5625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4177.2838 Mbps 99 %TX 68 %RX 0 retrans
 5753.0000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4820.2951 Mbps 100 %TX 67 %RX 0 retrans
 5536.8750 MB /  10.01 sec = 4641.0910 Mbps 100 %TX 63 %RX 0 retrans
 5610.5625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4702.8626 Mbps 100 %TX 62 %RX 0 retrans
 5576.5625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4674.3628 Mbps 100 %TX 66 %RX 0 retrans
 5573.5625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4671.8411 Mbps 100 %TX 64 %RX 0 retrans
 5550.0000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4652.0684 Mbps 100 %TX 65 %RX 0 retrans

min/avg/max = 4177.2838/4673.0649/4891.3760

For the 10-GigE testing there was no performance penalty using the
TCP autotuning, getting basically the same performance as the "-w512k"
test case.  Perhaps this is because the send socket buffer size never
gets up to the 100 MB levels for 10-GigE where it would be an issue
(GigE may have lower thresholds for encountering the issue).

While I was it, I decided to also check the CPU affinity issue,
since these tests are CPU limited, and re-ran the "-w512k" test
case on CPU 1 (using "taskset 2"):

[root@chance8 ~]# repeat 10 taskset 2 nuttcp -f-beta -M1460 -w512k 192.168.88.13 | ./mam 7
 4942.0625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4142.5086 Mbps 100 %TX 56 %RX 0 retrans
 4833.4375 MB /  10.01 sec = 4051.4628 Mbps 100 %TX 52 %RX 0 retrans
 5291.0000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4434.9701 Mbps 99 %TX 63 %RX 0 retrans
 5287.7500 MB /  10.01 sec = 4432.2468 Mbps 100 %TX 62 %RX 0 retrans
 5011.7500 MB /  10.01 sec = 4200.9007 Mbps 99 %TX 56 %RX 0 retrans
 5198.5625 MB /  10.01 sec = 4355.7784 Mbps 100 %TX 62 %RX 0 retrans
 4981.0000 MB /  10.01 sec = 4173.4818 Mbps 100 %TX 54 %RX 0 retrans
 4991.1250 MB /  10.01 sec = 4183.6394 Mbps 100 %TX 55 %RX 0 retrans
 5234.7500 MB /  10.01 sec = 4387.8510 Mbps 99 %TX 60 %RX 0 retrans
 4994.3125 MB /  10.01 sec = 4186.3108 Mbps 100 %TX 57 %RX 0 retrans

min/avg/max = 4051.4628/4254.9150/4434.9701

This took about a 8.56 % performance hit relative to running the
same test on CPU 0, which is also the CPU that handles the 10-GigE
NIC interrupts.  Note the test systems are dual-CPU but single-core
(dual 2.8 GHz AMD Opterons).

						-Bill