[PATCH 2/4] arch: Add lightweight memory barriers fast_rmb() and fast_wmb()

Alexander Duyck
2014-11-17T17:18:13Z

There are a number of situations where the mandatory barriers rmb() and
wmb() are used to order memory/memory operations in the device drivers
and those barriers are much heavier than they actually need to be. For
example in the case of PowerPC wmb() calls the heavy-weight sync
instruction when for memory/memory operations all that is really needed is
an lsync or eieio instruction.

This commit adds a fast (and loose) version of the mandatory memory
barriers rmb() and wmb(). The prefix to the name is actually based on the
version of the functions that already exist in the mips and tile trees.
However I thought it applicable since it gets at what we are trying to
accomplish with these barriers and somethat implies their risky nature.

These new barriers are not as safe as the standard rmb() and wmb().
Specifically they do not guarantee ordering between cache-enabled and
cache-inhibited memories. The primary use case for these would be to
enforce ordering of memory reads/writes when accessing cache-enabled memory
that is shared between the CPU and a device.

It may also be noted that there is no fast_mb(). This is due to the fact
that most architectures didn't seem to have a good way to do a full memory
barrier quickly and so they usually resorted to an mb() for their smp_mb
call. As such there no point in adding a fast_mb() function if it is going
to map to mb() for all architectures anyway.

Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au>
Cc: Michael Neuling <mikey@neuling.org>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@redhat.com>
---
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h | 4 +++
arch/arm64/include/asm/barrier.h | 3 +++
arch/ia64/include/asm/barrier.h | 3 +++
arch/metag/include/asm/barrier.h | 14 ++++++------
arch/powerpc/include/asm/barrier.h | 22 +++++++++++--------
arch/s390/include/asm/barrier.h | 2 ++
arch/sparc/include/asm/barrier_64.h | 3 +++
arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h | 11 ++++++---
arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h | 13 ++++++-----
include/asm-generic/barrier.h | 8 +++++++
11 files changed, 98 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
index 22a969c..fe55dea 100644
--- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
@@ -1615,6 +1615,47 @@ There are some more advanced barrier functions:
operations" subsection for information on where to use these.

+ (*) fast_wmb();
+ (*) fast_rmb();
+
+ These are for use with memory based device I/O to guarantee the ordering
+ of cache-enabled writes or reads with respect to other writes or reads
+ to cache-enabled memory.
+
+ For example, consider a device driver that shares memory with a device
+ and uses a descriptor status value to indicate if the descriptor belongs
+ to the device or the CPU, and a doorbell to notify it when new
+ descriptors are available:
+
+ if (desc->status != DEVICE_OWN) {
+ /* do not read data until we own descriptor */
+ fast_rmb();
+
+ /* read/modify data */
+ read_data = desc->data;
+ desc->data = write_data;
+
+ /* flush modifications before status update */
+ fast_wmb();
+
+ /* assign ownership */
+ desc->status = DEVICE_OWN;
+
+ /* force memory to sync before notifying device via MMIO */
+ wmb();
+
+ /* notify device of new descriptors */
+ writel(DESC_NOTIFY, doorbell);
+ }
+
+ The fast_rmb() allows us guarantee the device has released ownership
+ before we read the data from the descriptor, and he fast_wmb() allows
+ us to guarantee the data is written to the descriptor before the device
+ can see it now has ownership. The wmb() is needed to guarantee that the
+ cache-enabled memory writes have completed before attempting a write to
+ the cache-inhibited MMIO region.
+
+
MMIO WRITE BARRIER
------------------

diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h
index c6a3e73..c57903c 100644
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/barrier.h
@@ -43,10 +43,14 @@
#define mb() do { dsb(); outer_sync(); } while (0)
#define rmb() dsb()
#define wmb() do { dsb(st); outer_sync(); } while (0)
+#define fast_rmb() dmb()
+#define fast_wmb() dmb(st)
#else
#define mb() barrier()
#define rmb() barrier()
#define wmb() barrier()
+#define fast_rmb() barrier()
+#define fast_wmb() barrier()
#endif

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
diff --git a/arch/arm64/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/arm64/include/asm/barrier.h
index 6389d60..3ca1a15 100644
--- a/arch/arm64/include/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/arm64/include/asm/barrier.h
@@ -32,6 +32,9 @@
#define rmb() dsb(ld)
#define wmb() dsb(st)

+#define fast_rmb() dmb(ld)
+#define fast_wmb() dmb(st)
+
#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
#define smp_mb() barrier()
#define smp_rmb() barrier()
diff --git a/arch/ia64/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/ia64/include/asm/barrier.h
index e8fffb0..997f5b0 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/include/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/include/asm/barrier.h
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
#define rmb() mb()
#define wmb() mb()

+#define fast_rmb() mb()
+#define fast_wmb() mb()
+
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
# define smp_mb() mb()
#else
diff --git a/arch/metag/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/metag/include/asm/barrier.h
index 6d8b8c9..edddb6d 100644
--- a/arch/metag/include/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/metag/include/asm/barrier.h
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
#include <asm/metag_mem.h>

#define nop() asm volatile ("NOP")
-#define mb() wmb()
-#define rmb() barrier()

#ifdef CONFIG_METAG_META21

@@ -41,11 +39,13 @@ static inline void wr_fence(void)

#endif /* !CONFIG_METAG_META21 */

-static inline void wmb(void)
-{
- /* flush writes through the write combiner */
- wr_fence();
-}
+/* flush writes through the write combiner */
+#define mb() wr_fence()
+#define rmb() barrier()
+#define wmb() mb()
+
+#define fast_rmb() rmb()
+#define fast_wmb() wmb()

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
#define fence() do { } while (0)
diff --git a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/barrier.h
index cb6d66c..f480097 100644
--- a/arch/powerpc/include/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/powerpc/include/asm/barrier.h
@@ -36,22 +36,20 @@

#define set_mb(var, value) do { var = value; mb(); } while (0)

-#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-
#ifdef __SUBARCH_HAS_LWSYNC
# define SMPWMB LWSYNC
#else
# define SMPWMB eieio
#endif

-#define __lwsync() __asm__ __volatile__ (stringify_in_c(LWSYNC) : : :"memory")
+#define fast_rmb() __asm__ __volatile__ (stringify_in_c(LWSYNC) : : :"memory")
+#define fast_wmb() __asm__ __volatile__ (stringify_in_c(SMPWMB) : : :"memory")

+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
#define smp_mb() mb()
-#define smp_rmb() __lwsync()
-#define smp_wmb() __asm__ __volatile__ (stringify_in_c(SMPWMB) : : :"memory")
+#define smp_rmb() fast_rmb()
+#define smp_wmb() fast_wmb()
#else
-#define __lwsync() barrier()
-
#define smp_mb() barrier()
#define smp_rmb() barrier()
#define smp_wmb() barrier()
@@ -69,10 +67,16 @@
#define data_barrier(x) \
asm volatile("twi 0,%0,0; isync" : : "r" (x) : "memory");

+/*
+ * The use of smp_rmb() in these functions are actually meant to map from
+ * smp_rmb()->fast_rmb()->LWSYNC. This way if smp is disabled then
+ * smp_rmb()->barrier(), or if the platform doesn't support lwsync it will
+ * map to the more heavy-weight sync.
+ */
#define smp_store_release(p, v) \
do { \
compiletime_assert_atomic_type(*p); \
- __lwsync(); \
+ smp_rmb(); \
ACCESS_ONCE(*p) = (v); \
} while (0)

@@ -80,7 +84,7 @@ do { \
({ \
typeof(*p) ___p1 = ACCESS_ONCE(*p); \
compiletime_assert_atomic_type(*p); \
- __lwsync(); \
+ smp_rmb(); \
___p1; \
})

diff --git a/arch/s390/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/s390/include/asm/barrier.h
index 33d191d..9a31301 100644
--- a/arch/s390/include/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/s390/include/asm/barrier.h
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@

#define rmb() mb()
#define wmb() mb()
+#define fast_rmb() rmb()
+#define fast_wmb() wmb()
#define smp_mb() mb()
#define smp_rmb() rmb()
#define smp_wmb() wmb()
diff --git a/arch/sparc/include/asm/barrier_64.h b/arch/sparc/include/asm/barrier_64.h
index 6c974c0..eac2777 100644
--- a/arch/sparc/include/asm/barrier_64.h
+++ b/arch/sparc/include/asm/barrier_64.h
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ do { __asm__ __volatile__("ba,pt %%xcc, 1f\n\t" \
#define rmb() __asm__ __volatile__("":::"memory")
#define wmb() __asm__ __volatile__("":::"memory")

+#define fast_rmb() rmb()
+#define fast_wmb() wmb()
+
#define set_mb(__var, __value) \
do { __var = __value; membar_safe("#StoreLoad"); } while(0)

diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
index 5238000..cf440e7 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h
@@ -24,13 +24,16 @@
#define wmb() asm volatile("sfence" ::: "memory")
#endif

-#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-#define smp_mb() mb()
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE
-# define smp_rmb() rmb()
+#define fast_rmb() rmb()
#else
-# define smp_rmb() barrier()
+#define fast_rmb() barrier()
#endif
+#define fast_wmb() barrier()
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+#define smp_mb() mb()
+#define smp_rmb() fast_rmb()
#define smp_wmb() barrier()
#define set_mb(var, value) do { (void)xchg(&var, value); } while (0)
#else /* !SMP */
diff --git a/arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h b/arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h
index d6511d9..2c0405d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h
+++ b/arch/x86/um/asm/barrier.h
@@ -29,17 +29,18 @@

#endif /* CONFIG_X86_32 */

-#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
-
-#define smp_mb() mb()
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE
-#define smp_rmb() rmb()
+#define fast_rmb() rmb()
#else /* CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE */
-#define smp_rmb() barrier()
+#define fast_rmb() barrier()
#endif /* CONFIG_X86_PPRO_FENCE */
+#define fast_wmb() barrier()

-#define smp_wmb() barrier()
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

+#define smp_mb() mb()
+#define smp_rmb() fast_rmb()
+#define smp_wmb() fast_wmb()
#define set_mb(var, value) do { (void)xchg(&var, value); } while (0)

#else /* CONFIG_SMP */
diff --git a/include/asm-generic/barrier.h b/include/asm-generic/barrier.h
index 1402fa8..c1d60b9 100644
--- a/include/asm-generic/barrier.h
+++ b/include/asm-generic/barrier.h
@@ -42,6 +42,14 @@
#define wmb() mb()
#endif

+#ifndef fast_rmb
+#define fast_rmb() rmb()
+#endif
+
+#ifndef fast_wmb
+#define fast_wmb() wmb()
+#endif
+
#ifndef read_barrier_depends
#define read_barrier_depends() do { } while (0)
#endif