[PATCH] bpf: prevent memory disambiguation attack

[PATCH] bpf: prevent memory disambiguation attack

[Alexei Starovoitov]

Detect code patterns where malicious 'speculative store bypass' can be used
and sanitize such patterns.

 39: (bf) r3 = r10
 40: (07) r3 += -216
 41: (79) r8 = *(u64 *)(r7 +0)   // slow read
 42: (7a) *(u64 *)(r10 -72) = 0  // verifier inserts this instruction
 43: (7b) *(u64 *)(r8 +0) = r3   // this store becomes slow due to r8
 44: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r6 +0)   // cpu speculatively executes this load
 45: (71) r2 = *(u8 *)(r1 +0)    // speculatively arbitrary 'load byte'
                                 // is now sanitized

Above code after x86 JIT becomes:
 e5: mov    %rbp,%rdx
 e8: add    $0xffffffffffffff28,%rdx
 ef: mov    0x0(%r13),%r14
 f3: movq   $0x0,-0x48(%rbp)
 fb: mov    %rdx,0x0(%r14)
 ff: mov    0x0(%rbx),%rdi
103: movzbq 0x0(%rdi),%rsi

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
---
 include/linux/bpf_verifier.h |  1 +
 kernel/bpf/verifier.c        | 59 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
index 7e61c395fddf..65cfc2f59db9 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf_verifier.h
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ struct bpf_insn_aux_data {
 		s32 call_imm;			/* saved imm field of call insn */
 	};
 	int ctx_field_size; /* the ctx field size for load insn, maybe 0 */
+	int sanitize_stack_off; /* stack slot to be cleared */
 	bool seen; /* this insn was processed by the verifier */
 };
 
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index 5dd1dcb902bf..2ce967a63ede 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -978,7 +978,7 @@ static bool register_is_null(struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
  */
 static int check_stack_write(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 			     struct bpf_func_state *state, /* func where register points to */
-			     int off, int size, int value_regno)
+			     int off, int size, int value_regno, int insn_idx)
 {
 	struct bpf_func_state *cur; /* state of the current function */
 	int i, slot = -off - 1, spi = slot / BPF_REG_SIZE, err;
@@ -1017,8 +1017,33 @@ static int check_stack_write(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 		state->stack[spi].spilled_ptr = cur->regs[value_regno];
 		state->stack[spi].spilled_ptr.live |= REG_LIVE_WRITTEN;
 
-		for (i = 0; i < BPF_REG_SIZE; i++)
+		for (i = 0; i < BPF_REG_SIZE; i++) {
+			if (state->stack[spi].slot_type[i] == STACK_MISC &&
+			    !env->allow_ptr_leaks) {
+				int *poff = &env->insn_aux_data[insn_idx].sanitize_stack_off;
+				int soff = (-spi - 1) * BPF_REG_SIZE;
+
+				/* detected reuse of integer stack slot with a pointer
+				 * which means either llvm is reusing stack slot or
+				 * an attacker is trying to exploit CVE-2018-3639
+				 * (speculative store bypass)
+				 * Have to sanitize that slot with preemptive
+				 * store of zero.
+				 */
+				if (*poff && *poff != soff) {
+					/* disallow programs where single insn stores
+					 * into two different stack slots, since verifier
+					 * cannot sanitize them
+					 */
+					verbose(env,
+						"insn %d cannot access two stack slots fp%d and fp%d",
+						insn_idx, *poff, soff);
+					return -EINVAL;
+				}
+				*poff = soff;
+			}
 			state->stack[spi].slot_type[i] = STACK_SPILL;
+		}
 	} else {
 		u8 type = STACK_MISC;
 
@@ -1694,7 +1719,7 @@ static int check_mem_access(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int insn_idx, u32 regn
 
 		if (t == BPF_WRITE)
 			err = check_stack_write(env, state, off, size,
-						value_regno);
+						value_regno, insn_idx);
 		else
 			err = check_stack_read(env, state, off, size,
 					       value_regno);
@@ -5169,6 +5194,34 @@ static int convert_ctx_accesses(struct bpf_verifier_env *env)
 		else
 			continue;
 
+		if (type == BPF_WRITE &&
+		    env->insn_aux_data[i + delta].sanitize_stack_off) {
+			struct bpf_insn patch[] = {
+				/* Sanitize suspicious stack slot with zero.
+				 * There are no memory dependencies for this store,
+				 * since it's only using frame pointer and immediate
+				 * constant of zero
+				 */
+				BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_FP,
+					   env->insn_aux_data[i + delta].sanitize_stack_off,
+					   0),
+				/* the original STX instruction will immediately
+				 * overwrite the same stack slot with appropriate value
+				 */
+				*insn,
+			};
+
+			cnt = ARRAY_SIZE(patch);
+			new_prog = bpf_patch_insn_data(env, i + delta, patch, cnt);
+			if (!new_prog)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+
+			delta    += cnt - 1;
+			env->prog = new_prog;
+			insn      = new_prog->insnsi + i + delta;
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		if (env->insn_aux_data[i + delta].ptr_type != PTR_TO_CTX)
 			continue;
 
-- 
2.9.5

Re: [PATCH] bpf: prevent memory disambiguation attack

[Daniel Borkmann]

On 05/21/2018 11:17 PM, Alexei Starovoitov wrote:
> Detect code patterns where malicious 'speculative store bypass' can be used
> and sanitize such patterns.
> 
>  39: (bf) r3 = r10
>  40: (07) r3 += -216
>  41: (79) r8 = *(u64 *)(r7 +0)   // slow read
>  42: (7a) *(u64 *)(r10 -72) = 0  // verifier inserts this instruction
>  43: (7b) *(u64 *)(r8 +0) = r3   // this store becomes slow due to r8
>  44: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r6 +0)   // cpu speculatively executes this load
>  45: (71) r2 = *(u8 *)(r1 +0)    // speculatively arbitrary 'load byte'
>                                  // is now sanitized
> 
> Above code after x86 JIT becomes:
>  e5: mov    %rbp,%rdx
>  e8: add    $0xffffffffffffff28,%rdx
>  ef: mov    0x0(%r13),%r14
>  f3: movq   $0x0,-0x48(%rbp)
>  fb: mov    %rdx,0x0(%r14)
>  ff: mov    0x0(%rbx),%rdi
> 103: movzbq 0x0(%rdi),%rsi
> 
> Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

(No further action needed since already in Linus tree [1]. This went via the
 batch of x86 fixes on the speculative store buffer bypass from today [2].)

[1] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=af86ca4e3088fe5eacf2f7e58c01fa68ca067672
[2] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=3b78ce4a34b761c7fe13520de822984019ff1a8f