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[204.195.96.226]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id ffacd0b85a97d-435b1f73855sm16343214f8f.29.2026.01.24.12.01.10 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Sat, 24 Jan 2026 12:01:11 -0800 (PST) From: Stephen Hemminger To: netdev@vger.kernel.org Cc: Stephen Hemminger Subject: [PATCH iproute2-next] ss: fix grammar, articles, and phrasing in man page Date: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 12:00:41 -0800 Message-ID: <20260124200107.222116-1-stephen@networkplumber.org> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.51.0 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: netdev@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit This patch addresses grammatical errors, awkward phrasing, missing articles, and singular/plural agreement issues throughout the ss man page documentation. Main corrections: Grammar and agreement (10 instances): - Fix singular/plural: "connection" -> "connections" - Fix "five kind" -> "five kinds" - Fix "packet" -> "packets" (7 instances throughout memory descriptions) - Fix "the retransmission occurred" -> "retransmissions have occurred" - Fix "process using socket" -> "processes using sockets" - Fix "thread using socket" -> "threads using sockets" - Fix "socket option" -> "socket options" Article corrections: - Fix "an uuid" -> "a uuid" (use "a" before consonant sounds) - Fix "construct arbitrary set" -> "construct an arbitrary set" - Fix "these information" -> "this information" (uncountable noun) - Add "instead of human-readable values" (complete phrase) Awkward phrasing (4 instances): - Fix "how long time the timer will expire" -> "how long until the timer will expire" - Fix "how long time since" -> "how long it has been since" (3 instances for lastsnd, lastrcv, lastack) Additional grammar fixes: - Add relative pronoun: "memory can be allocated" -> "memory that can be allocated" (2 instances) - Fix conditional: "If need memory" -> "If memory is needed" - Fix gerund: "before allocate" -> "before allocating" - Fix sentence fragment: "Following normal arithmetic rules." -> "following normal arithmetic rules" - Add missing period to back_log description Formatting: - Remove duplicate .TP markup between --tipc and --vsock options No functional changes. All technical content remains accurate. Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger --- man/man8/ss.8 | 49 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------------- 1 file changed, 24 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) diff --git a/man/man8/ss.8 b/man/man8/ss.8 index e23af826..70e0a566 100644 --- a/man/man8/ss.8 +++ b/man/man8/ss.8 @@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ It can display more TCP and state information than other tools. .SH OPTIONS When no option is used ss displays a list of open non-listening -sockets (e.g. TCP/UNIX/UDP) that have established connection. +sockets (e.g. TCP/UNIX/UDP) that have established connections. .TP .B \-h, \-\-help Show summary of options. @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Suppress sending and receiving queue columns. Print each socket's data on a single line. .TP .B \-n, \-\-numeric -Do not try to resolve service names. Show exact bandwidth values, instead of human-readable. +Do not try to resolve service names. Show exact bandwidth values, instead of human-readable values. .TP .B \-r, \-\-resolve Try to resolve numeric address/ports. @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ timer:(,,) .P .TP .B -the name of the timer, there are five kind of timer names: +the name of the timer, there are five kinds of timer names: .RS .P .B on @@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ timer and tail loss probe timer .RE .TP .B -how long time the timer will expire +how long until the timer will expire .P .TP .B -how many times the retransmission occurred +how many times retransmissions have occurred .RE .TP .B \-e, \-\-extended @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ the socket's inode number in VFS .P .TP .B -an uuid of the socket +a uuid of the socket .RE .TP .B \-m, \-\-memory @@ -118,41 +118,41 @@ bl,d) .P .TP .B -the memory allocated for receiving packet +the memory allocated for receiving packets .P .TP .B -the total memory can be allocated for receiving packet +the total memory that can be allocated for receiving packets .P .TP .B -the memory used for sending packet (which has been sent to layer 3) +the memory used for sending packets (which has been sent to layer 3) .P .TP .B -the total memory can be allocated for sending packet +the total memory that can be allocated for sending packets .P .TP .B the memory allocated by the socket as cache, but not used for -receiving/sending packet yet. If need memory to send/receive packet, -the memory in this cache will be used before allocate additional +receiving/sending packets yet. If memory is needed to send/receive packets, +the memory in this cache will be used before allocating additional memory. .P .TP .B -The memory allocated for sending packet (which has not been sent to layer 3) +The memory allocated for sending packets (which has not been sent to layer 3) .P .TP .B -The memory used for storing socket option, e.g., the key for TCP MD5 signature +The memory used for storing socket options, e.g., the key for TCP MD5 signature .P .TP .B The memory used for the sk backlog queue. On a process context, if the -process is receiving packet, and a new packet is received, it will be +process is receiving packets, and a new packet is received, it will be put into the sk backlog queue, so it can be received by the process -immediately +immediately. .P .TP .B @@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ the number of packets dropped before they are de-multiplexed into the socket .RE .TP .B \-p, \-\-processes -Show process using socket. +Show processes using sockets. .TP .B \-T, \-\-threads -Show thread using socket. Implies +Show threads using sockets. Implies .BR \-p . .TP .B \-i, \-\-info @@ -255,15 +255,15 @@ egress bps .P .TP .B lastsnd: -how long time since the last packet sent, the unit is millisecond +how long it has been since the last packet sent, the unit is millisecond .P .TP .B lastrcv: -how long time since the last packet received, the unit is millisecond +how long it has been since the last packet received, the unit is millisecond .P .TP .B lastack: -how long time since the last ack received, the unit is millisecond +how long it has been since the last ack received, the unit is millisecond .P .TP .B pacing_rate bps/bps @@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ and is therefore a useful reference. Switch to the specified network namespace name. .TP .B \-b, \-\-bpf -Show socket classic BPF filters (only administrators are allowed to get these +Show socket classic BPF filters (only administrators are allowed to get this information). .TP .B \-4, \-\-ipv4 @@ -392,7 +392,6 @@ Display SCTP sockets. .B \-\-tipc Display tipc sockets (alias for -f tipc). .TP -.TP .B \-\-vsock Display vsock sockets (alias for -f vsock). .TP @@ -438,7 +437,7 @@ Please take a look at the official documentation for details regarding filters. .SH STATE-FILTER .B STATE-FILTER -allows one to construct arbitrary set of states to match. Its syntax is +allows one to construct an arbitrary set of states to match. Its syntax is sequence of keywords state and exclude followed by identifier of state. .TP @@ -496,7 +495,7 @@ Test if the destination or source matches HOST. See HOST SYNTAX for details. .TP .B {dport|sport} [OP] [FAMILY:]:PORT Compare the destination or source port to PORT. OP can be any of "<", "<=", "=", "!=", -">=" and ">". Following normal arithmetic rules. FAMILY and PORT are as described in +">=" and ">", following normal arithmetic rules. FAMILY and PORT are as described in HOST SYNTAX below. .TP .B dev [=|!=] DEVICE -- 2.51.0