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Thu, 05 Feb 2026 14:29:29 -0800 (PST) Received: from localhost ([2a03:2880:ff:59::]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d9443c01a7336-2a951a638e3sm4051005ad.1.2026.02.05.14.29.28 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 bits=256/256); Thu, 05 Feb 2026 14:29:28 -0800 (PST) From: Amery Hung To: bpf@vger.kernel.org Cc: netdev@vger.kernel.org, alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com, andrii@kernel.org, daniel@iogearbox.net, memxor@gmail.com, martin.lau@kernel.org, kpsingh@kernel.org, yonghong.song@linux.dev, song@kernel.org, haoluo@google.com, ameryhung@gmail.com, kernel-team@meta.com Subject: [PATCH bpf-next v7 10/17] bpf: Support lockless unlink when freeing map or local storage Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2026 14:29:08 -0800 Message-ID: <20260205222916.1788211-11-ameryhung@gmail.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.47.3 In-Reply-To: <20260205222916.1788211-1-ameryhung@gmail.com> References: <20260205222916.1788211-1-ameryhung@gmail.com> Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: netdev@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Introduce bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() to properly handle errors returned from rqspinlock in bpf_local_storage_map_free() and bpf_local_storage_destroy() where the operation must succeeds. The idea of bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() is to allow an selem to be partially linked and use atomic operation on a bit field, selem->state, to determine when and who can free the selem if any unlink under lock fails. An selem initially is fully linked to a map and a local storage. Under normal circumstances, bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() will be able to grab locks and unlink a selem from map and local storage in sequeunce, just like bpf_selem_unlink(), and then free it after an RCU grace period. However, if any of the lock attempts fails, it will only clear SDATA(selem)->smap or selem->local_storage depending on the caller and set SELEM_MAP_UNLINKED or SELEM_STORAGE_UNLINKED according to the caller. Then, after both map_free() and destroy() see the selem and the state becomes SELEM_UNLINKED, one of two racing caller can succeed in cmpxchg the state from SELEM_UNLINKED to SELEM_TOFREE, ensuring no double free or memory leak. To make sure bpf_obj_free_fields() is done only once and when map is still present, it is called when unlinking an selem from b->list under b->lock. To make sure uncharging memory is done only when the owner is still present in map_free(), block destroy() from returning until there is no pending map_free(). Since smap may not be valid in destroy(), bpf_selem_unlink_nofail() skips bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock_misc() when called from destroy(). This is okay as bpf_local_storage_destroy() will return the remaining amount of memory charge tracked by mem_charge to the owner to uncharge. It is also safe to skip clearing local_storage->owner and owner_storage as the owner is being freed and no users or bpf programs should be able to reference the owner and using local_storage. Finally, access of selem, SDATA(selem)->smap and selem->local_storage are racy. Callers will protect these fields with RCU. Co-developed-by: Martin KaFai Lau Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau Signed-off-by: Amery Hung --- include/linux/bpf_local_storage.h | 9 ++- kernel/bpf/bpf_local_storage.c | 116 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 2 files changed, 118 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/linux/bpf_local_storage.h b/include/linux/bpf_local_storage.h index a34ed7fa81d8..69a5d8aa765d 100644 --- a/include/linux/bpf_local_storage.h +++ b/include/linux/bpf_local_storage.h @@ -68,6 +68,11 @@ struct bpf_local_storage_data { u8 data[] __aligned(8); }; +#define SELEM_MAP_UNLINKED (1 << 0) +#define SELEM_STORAGE_UNLINKED (1 << 1) +#define SELEM_UNLINKED (SELEM_MAP_UNLINKED | SELEM_STORAGE_UNLINKED) +#define SELEM_TOFREE (1 << 2) + /* Linked to bpf_local_storage and bpf_local_storage_map */ struct bpf_local_storage_elem { struct hlist_node map_node; /* Linked to bpf_local_storage_map */ @@ -80,8 +85,9 @@ struct bpf_local_storage_elem { * after raw_spin_unlock */ }; + atomic_t state; bool use_kmalloc_nolock; - /* 7 bytes hole */ + /* 3 bytes hole */ /* The data is stored in another cacheline to minimize * the number of cachelines access during a cache hit. */ @@ -97,6 +103,7 @@ struct bpf_local_storage { struct rcu_head rcu; rqspinlock_t lock; /* Protect adding/removing from the "list" */ u64 mem_charge; /* Copy of mem charged to owner. Protected by "lock" */ + refcount_t owner_refcnt;/* Used to pin owner when map_free is uncharging */ bool use_kmalloc_nolock; }; diff --git a/kernel/bpf/bpf_local_storage.c b/kernel/bpf/bpf_local_storage.c index 0e9ae41a9759..294605c78271 100644 --- a/kernel/bpf/bpf_local_storage.c +++ b/kernel/bpf/bpf_local_storage.c @@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ bpf_selem_alloc(struct bpf_local_storage_map *smap, void *owner, if (selem) { RCU_INIT_POINTER(SDATA(selem)->smap, smap); + atomic_set(&selem->state, 0); selem->use_kmalloc_nolock = smap->use_kmalloc_nolock; if (value) { @@ -194,9 +195,11 @@ static void bpf_selem_free_rcu(struct rcu_head *rcu) /* The bpf_local_storage_map_free will wait for rcu_barrier */ smap = rcu_dereference_check(SDATA(selem)->smap, 1); - migrate_disable(); - bpf_obj_free_fields(smap->map.record, SDATA(selem)->data); - migrate_enable(); + if (smap) { + migrate_disable(); + bpf_obj_free_fields(smap->map.record, SDATA(selem)->data); + migrate_enable(); + } kfree_nolock(selem); } @@ -221,7 +224,8 @@ void bpf_selem_free(struct bpf_local_storage_elem *selem, * is only supported in task local storage, where * smap->use_kmalloc_nolock == true. */ - bpf_obj_free_fields(smap->map.record, SDATA(selem)->data); + if (smap) + bpf_obj_free_fields(smap->map.record, SDATA(selem)->data); __bpf_selem_free(selem, reuse_now); return; } @@ -255,7 +259,7 @@ static void bpf_selem_free_list(struct hlist_head *list, bool reuse_now) static void bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock_misc(struct bpf_local_storage_elem *selem, struct bpf_local_storage_map *smap, struct bpf_local_storage *local_storage, - bool free_local_storage) + bool free_local_storage, bool pin_owner) { void *owner = local_storage->owner; u32 uncharge = smap->elem_size; @@ -264,6 +268,9 @@ static void bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock_misc(struct bpf_local_storage_elem * SDATA(selem)) RCU_INIT_POINTER(local_storage->cache[smap->cache_idx], NULL); + if (pin_owner && !refcount_inc_not_zero(&local_storage->owner_refcnt)) + return; + uncharge += free_local_storage ? sizeof(*local_storage) : 0; mem_uncharge(smap, local_storage->owner, uncharge); local_storage->mem_charge -= uncharge; @@ -274,6 +281,9 @@ static void bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock_misc(struct bpf_local_storage_elem * /* After this RCU_INIT, owner may be freed and cannot be used */ RCU_INIT_POINTER(*owner_storage(smap, owner), NULL); } + + if (pin_owner) + refcount_dec(&local_storage->owner_refcnt); } /* local_storage->lock must be held and selem->local_storage == local_storage. @@ -293,7 +303,7 @@ static bool bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock(struct bpf_local_storage *local_stor &local_storage->list); bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock_misc(selem, smap, local_storage, - free_local_storage); + free_local_storage, false); hlist_del_init_rcu(&selem->snode); @@ -409,6 +419,94 @@ int bpf_selem_unlink(struct bpf_local_storage_elem *selem, bool reuse_now) return err; } +/* + * Unlink an selem from map and local storage with lockless fallback if callers + * are racing or rqspinlock returns error. It should only be called by + * bpf_local_storage_destroy() or bpf_local_storage_map_free(). + */ +static void bpf_selem_unlink_nofail(struct bpf_local_storage_elem *selem, + struct bpf_local_storage_map_bucket *b) +{ + bool in_map_free = !!b, free_storage = false; + struct bpf_local_storage *local_storage; + struct bpf_local_storage_map *smap; + unsigned long flags; + int err, unlink = 0; + + local_storage = rcu_dereference_check(selem->local_storage, bpf_rcu_lock_held()); + smap = rcu_dereference_check(SDATA(selem)->smap, bpf_rcu_lock_held()); + + if (smap) { + b = b ? : select_bucket(smap, local_storage); + err = raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave(&b->lock, flags); + if (!err) { + /* + * Call bpf_obj_free_fields() under b->lock to make sure it is done + * exactly once for an selem. Safe to free special fields immediately + * as no BPF program should be referencing the selem. + */ + if (likely(selem_linked_to_map(selem))) { + hlist_del_init_rcu(&selem->map_node); + bpf_obj_free_fields(smap->map.record, SDATA(selem)->data); + unlink++; + } + raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&b->lock, flags); + } + /* + * Highly unlikely scenario: resource leak + * + * When map_free(selem1), destroy(selem1) and destroy(selem2) are racing + * and both selem belong to the same bucket, if destroy(selem2) acquired + * b->lock and block for too long, neither map_free(selem1) and + * destroy(selem1) will be able to free the special field associated + * with selem1 as raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave() returns -ETIMEDOUT. + */ + WARN_ON_ONCE(err && in_map_free); + if (!err || in_map_free) + RCU_INIT_POINTER(SDATA(selem)->smap, NULL); + } + + if (local_storage) { + err = raw_res_spin_lock_irqsave(&local_storage->lock, flags); + if (!err) { + if (likely(selem_linked_to_storage(selem))) { + free_storage = hlist_is_singular_node(&selem->snode, + &local_storage->list); + /* + * Okay to skip clearing owner_storage and storage->owner in + * destroy() since the owner is going away. No user or bpf + * programs should be able to reference it. + */ + if (smap && in_map_free) + bpf_selem_unlink_storage_nolock_misc( + selem, smap, local_storage, + free_storage, true); + hlist_del_init_rcu(&selem->snode); + unlink++; + } + raw_res_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&local_storage->lock, flags); + } + if (!err || !in_map_free) + RCU_INIT_POINTER(selem->local_storage, NULL); + } + + if (unlink != 2) + atomic_or(in_map_free ? SELEM_MAP_UNLINKED : SELEM_STORAGE_UNLINKED, &selem->state); + + /* + * Normally, an selem can be unlinked under local_storage->lock and b->lock, and + * then freed after an RCU grace period. However, if destroy() and map_free() are + * racing or rqspinlock returns errors in unlikely situations (unlink != 2), free + * the selem only after both map_free() and destroy() see the selem. + */ + if (unlink == 2 || + atomic_cmpxchg(&selem->state, SELEM_UNLINKED, SELEM_TOFREE) == SELEM_UNLINKED) + bpf_selem_free(selem, true); + + if (free_storage) + bpf_local_storage_free(local_storage, true); +} + void __bpf_local_storage_insert_cache(struct bpf_local_storage *local_storage, struct bpf_local_storage_map *smap, struct bpf_local_storage_elem *selem) @@ -475,6 +573,7 @@ int bpf_local_storage_alloc(void *owner, storage->owner = owner; storage->mem_charge = sizeof(*storage); storage->use_kmalloc_nolock = smap->use_kmalloc_nolock; + refcount_set(&storage->owner_refcnt, 1); bpf_selem_link_storage_nolock(storage, first_selem); @@ -743,6 +842,11 @@ void bpf_local_storage_destroy(struct bpf_local_storage *local_storage) if (free_storage) bpf_local_storage_free(local_storage, true); + + if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&local_storage->owner_refcnt)) { + while (refcount_read(&local_storage->owner_refcnt)) + cpu_relax(); + } } u64 bpf_local_storage_map_mem_usage(const struct bpf_map *map) -- 2.47.3