[PATCH net] net: rtnetlink: zero ifla_vf_broadcast to avoid stack infoleak in rtnl_fill_vfinfo

[PATCH net] net: rtnetlink: zero ifla_vf_broadcast to avoid stack infoleak in rtnl_fill_vfinfo

[Kai Zen]

rtnl_fill_vfinfo() declares struct ifla_vf_broadcast on the stack
without initialisation:

    struct ifla_vf_broadcast vf_broadcast;

The struct contains a single fixed 32-byte field:

    /* include/uapi/linux/if_link.h */
    struct ifla_vf_broadcast {
            __u8 broadcast[32];
    };

The function then copies dev->broadcast into it using dev->addr_len
as the length:

    memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);

On Ethernet devices (the overwhelming majority of SR-IOV NICs)
dev->addr_len is 6, so only the first 6 bytes of broadcast[] are
written. The remaining 26 bytes retain whatever was previously on
the kernel stack. The full struct is then handed to userspace via:

    nla_put(skb, IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
            sizeof(vf_broadcast), &vf_broadcast)

leaking up to 26 bytes of uninitialised kernel stack per VF per
RTM_GETLINK request, repeatable.

The other vf_* structs in the same function are explicitly zeroed
for exactly this reason - see the memset() calls for ivi,
vf_vlan_info, node_guid and port_guid a few lines above.
vf_broadcast was simply missed when it was added.

The pattern used elsewhere in this file for the regular IFLA_BROADCAST
attribute also avoids the issue by sending only dev->addr_len bytes
rather than a fixed-size struct, but for IFLA_VF_BROADCAST the wire
format is the fixed 32-byte struct, so the right fix is to zero the
struct before the partial memcpy.

Reachability and impact
-----------------------

The leak is reachable by any unprivileged local process. AF_NETLINK
with NETLINK_ROUTE requires no capabilities. The only environmental
requirement is that the host has at least one SR-IOV-capable
interface present (a parent device with VFs), which is the common
case for cloud, datacenter and HPC hosts.

Trigger: send RTM_GETLINK with an IFLA_EXT_MASK attribute whose
value has the RTEXT_FILTER_VF bit set. The kernel will then walk
each VF and emit IFLA_VFINFO_LIST, including IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
which carries the 26 bytes of uninitialised stack per VF.

Stack residue at this call site can include return addresses
(useful as a KASLR / function-pointer disclosure primitive) and
transient sensitive data left over by whatever ran on the same
kernel stack just prior. KASAN with stack instrumentation, or
KMSAN, will flag the nla_put() when reproduced.

Reproducer (unprivileged):

    import socket, struct
    IFLA_EXT_MASK   = 29
    RTEXT_FILTER_VF = 1
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_NETLINK, socket.SOCK_RAW,
                      socket.NETLINK_ROUTE)
    s.bind((0, 0))
    hdr  = struct.pack('=IHHII', 0, 18, 0x301, 0, 0)
    ifi  = struct.pack('=BxHiII', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
    attr = (struct.pack('=HH', 8, IFLA_EXT_MASK) +
            struct.pack('=I', RTEXT_FILTER_VF))
    msg  = hdr + ifi + attr
    msg  = struct.pack('=I', len(msg)) + msg[4:]
    s.send(msg)
    data = s.recv(65536)
    # Parse IFLA_VF_BROADCAST from the response. Bytes 7..32 of the
    # broadcast[] field are uninitialised kernel stack on Ethernet.

Fix
---

Zero the on-stack struct before the partial memcpy, matching the
existing pattern used for the other vf_* structs in the same
function.

Reported-by: Kai Aizen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Kai Aizen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com>
---

Note for reviewers: this is v1. I have not yet identified the
exact introducing commit for the Fixes: tag and would appreciate
a pointer, or I will resend as v2 once I have run git blame on a
local checkout. The bug is present at least as far back as the
introduction of struct ifla_vf_broadcast in net-next.

 net/core/rtnetlink.c | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/net/core/rtnetlink.c b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
--- a/net/core/rtnetlink.c
+++ b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
@@ -1572,6 +1572,7 @@ static noinline_for_stack int
rtnl_fill_vfinfo(struct sk_buff *skb,
                port_guid.vf = ivi.vf;

        memcpy(vf_mac.mac, ivi.mac, sizeof(ivi.mac));
+       memset(&vf_broadcast, 0, sizeof(vf_broadcast));
        memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);
        vf_vlan.vlan = ivi.vlan;
        vf_vlan.qos = ivi.qos;
--
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net] net: rtnetlink: zero ifla_vf_broadcast to avoid stack infoleak in rtnl_fill_vfinfo

[Eric Dumazet]

On Tue, Apr 7, 2026 at 3:22 AM Kai Zen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> rtnl_fill_vfinfo() declares struct ifla_vf_broadcast on the stack
> without initialisation:
>
>     struct ifla_vf_broadcast vf_broadcast;
>
> The struct contains a single fixed 32-byte field:
>
>     /* include/uapi/linux/if_link.h */
>     struct ifla_vf_broadcast {
>             __u8 broadcast[32];
>     };
>
> The function then copies dev->broadcast into it using dev->addr_len
> as the length:
>
>     memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);
>
> On Ethernet devices (the overwhelming majority of SR-IOV NICs)
> dev->addr_len is 6, so only the first 6 bytes of broadcast[] are
> written. The remaining 26 bytes retain whatever was previously on
> the kernel stack. The full struct is then handed to userspace via:
>
>     nla_put(skb, IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
>             sizeof(vf_broadcast), &vf_broadcast)
>
> leaking up to 26 bytes of uninitialised kernel stack per VF per
> RTM_GETLINK request, repeatable.
>
> The other vf_* structs in the same function are explicitly zeroed
> for exactly this reason - see the memset() calls for ivi,
> vf_vlan_info, node_guid and port_guid a few lines above.
> vf_broadcast was simply missed when it was added.
>
> The pattern used elsewhere in this file for the regular IFLA_BROADCAST
> attribute also avoids the issue by sending only dev->addr_len bytes
> rather than a fixed-size struct, but for IFLA_VF_BROADCAST the wire
> format is the fixed 32-byte struct, so the right fix is to zero the
> struct before the partial memcpy.
>
> Reachability and impact
> -----------------------
>
> The leak is reachable by any unprivileged local process. AF_NETLINK
> with NETLINK_ROUTE requires no capabilities. The only environmental
> requirement is that the host has at least one SR-IOV-capable
> interface present (a parent device with VFs), which is the common
> case for cloud, datacenter and HPC hosts.
>
> Trigger: send RTM_GETLINK with an IFLA_EXT_MASK attribute whose
> value has the RTEXT_FILTER_VF bit set. The kernel will then walk
> each VF and emit IFLA_VFINFO_LIST, including IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
> which carries the 26 bytes of uninitialised stack per VF.
>
> Stack residue at this call site can include return addresses
> (useful as a KASLR / function-pointer disclosure primitive) and
> transient sensitive data left over by whatever ran on the same
> kernel stack just prior. KASAN with stack instrumentation, or
> KMSAN, will flag the nla_put() when reproduced.
>
> Reproducer (unprivileged):
>
>     import socket, struct
>     IFLA_EXT_MASK   = 29
>     RTEXT_FILTER_VF = 1
>     s = socket.socket(socket.AF_NETLINK, socket.SOCK_RAW,
>                       socket.NETLINK_ROUTE)
>     s.bind((0, 0))
>     hdr  = struct.pack('=IHHII', 0, 18, 0x301, 0, 0)
>     ifi  = struct.pack('=BxHiII', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
>     attr = (struct.pack('=HH', 8, IFLA_EXT_MASK) +
>             struct.pack('=I', RTEXT_FILTER_VF))
>     msg  = hdr + ifi + attr
>     msg  = struct.pack('=I', len(msg)) + msg[4:]
>     s.send(msg)
>     data = s.recv(65536)
>     # Parse IFLA_VF_BROADCAST from the response. Bytes 7..32 of the
>     # broadcast[] field are uninitialised kernel stack on Ethernet.
>
> Fix
> ---
>
> Zero the on-stack struct before the partial memcpy, matching the
> existing pattern used for the other vf_* structs in the same
> function.
>
> Reported-by: Kai Aizen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com>
> Signed-off-by: Kai Aizen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com>
> ---
>
> Note for reviewers: this is v1. I have not yet identified the
> exact introducing commit for the Fixes: tag and would appreciate
> a pointer, or I will resend as v2 once I have run git blame on a
> local checkout. The bug is present at least as far back as the
> introduction of struct ifla_vf_broadcast in net-next.

Fixes: 75345f888f70 ("ipoib: show VF broadcast address")
>
>  net/core/rtnetlink.c | 1 +
>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
>
> diff --git a/net/core/rtnetlink.c b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
> --- a/net/core/rtnetlink.c
> +++ b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
> @@ -1572,6 +1572,7 @@ static noinline_for_stack int
> rtnl_fill_vfinfo(struct sk_buff *skb,
>                 port_guid.vf = ivi.vf;
>
>         memcpy(vf_mac.mac, ivi.mac, sizeof(ivi.mac));
> +       memset(&vf_broadcast, 0, sizeof(vf_broadcast));
>         memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);
>         vf_vlan.vlan = ivi.vlan;
>         vf_vlan.qos = ivi.qos;
> --
> 2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net] net: rtnetlink: zero ifla_vf_broadcast to avoid stack infoleak in rtnl_fill_vfinfo

[Greg KH]

On Tue, Apr 07, 2026 at 01:21:57PM +0300, Kai Zen wrote:
> rtnl_fill_vfinfo() declares struct ifla_vf_broadcast on the stack
> without initialisation:
> 
>     struct ifla_vf_broadcast vf_broadcast;
> 
> The struct contains a single fixed 32-byte field:
> 
>     /* include/uapi/linux/if_link.h */
>     struct ifla_vf_broadcast {
>             __u8 broadcast[32];
>     };
> 
> The function then copies dev->broadcast into it using dev->addr_len
> as the length:
> 
>     memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);
> 
> On Ethernet devices (the overwhelming majority of SR-IOV NICs)
> dev->addr_len is 6, so only the first 6 bytes of broadcast[] are
> written. The remaining 26 bytes retain whatever was previously on
> the kernel stack. The full struct is then handed to userspace via:
> 
>     nla_put(skb, IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
>             sizeof(vf_broadcast), &vf_broadcast)
> 
> leaking up to 26 bytes of uninitialised kernel stack per VF per
> RTM_GETLINK request, repeatable.
> 
> The other vf_* structs in the same function are explicitly zeroed
> for exactly this reason - see the memset() calls for ivi,
> vf_vlan_info, node_guid and port_guid a few lines above.
> vf_broadcast was simply missed when it was added.
> 
> The pattern used elsewhere in this file for the regular IFLA_BROADCAST
> attribute also avoids the issue by sending only dev->addr_len bytes
> rather than a fixed-size struct, but for IFLA_VF_BROADCAST the wire
> format is the fixed 32-byte struct, so the right fix is to zero the
> struct before the partial memcpy.
> 
> Reachability and impact
> -----------------------
> 
> The leak is reachable by any unprivileged local process. AF_NETLINK
> with NETLINK_ROUTE requires no capabilities. The only environmental
> requirement is that the host has at least one SR-IOV-capable
> interface present (a parent device with VFs), which is the common
> case for cloud, datacenter and HPC hosts.
> 
> Trigger: send RTM_GETLINK with an IFLA_EXT_MASK attribute whose
> value has the RTEXT_FILTER_VF bit set. The kernel will then walk
> each VF and emit IFLA_VFINFO_LIST, including IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
> which carries the 26 bytes of uninitialised stack per VF.
> 
> Stack residue at this call site can include return addresses
> (useful as a KASLR / function-pointer disclosure primitive) and
> transient sensitive data left over by whatever ran on the same
> kernel stack just prior. KASAN with stack instrumentation, or
> KMSAN, will flag the nla_put() when reproduced.
> 
> Reproducer (unprivileged):
> 
>     import socket, struct
>     IFLA_EXT_MASK   = 29
>     RTEXT_FILTER_VF = 1
>     s = socket.socket(socket.AF_NETLINK, socket.SOCK_RAW,
>                       socket.NETLINK_ROUTE)
>     s.bind((0, 0))
>     hdr  = struct.pack('=IHHII', 0, 18, 0x301, 0, 0)
>     ifi  = struct.pack('=BxHiII', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
>     attr = (struct.pack('=HH', 8, IFLA_EXT_MASK) +
>             struct.pack('=I', RTEXT_FILTER_VF))
>     msg  = hdr + ifi + attr
>     msg  = struct.pack('=I', len(msg)) + msg[4:]
>     s.send(msg)
>     data = s.recv(65536)
>     # Parse IFLA_VF_BROADCAST from the response. Bytes 7..32 of the
>     # broadcast[] field are uninitialised kernel stack on Ethernet.
> 
> Fix
> ---
> 
> Zero the on-stack struct before the partial memcpy, matching the
> existing pattern used for the other vf_* structs in the same
> function.
> 
> Reported-by: Kai Aizen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com>
> Signed-off-by: Kai Aizen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com>
> ---
> 
> Note for reviewers: this is v1. I have not yet identified the
> exact introducing commit for the Fixes: tag and would appreciate
> a pointer, or I will resend as v2 once I have run git blame on a
> local checkout. The bug is present at least as far back as the
> introduction of struct ifla_vf_broadcast in net-next.
> 
>  net/core/rtnetlink.c | 1 +
>  1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
> 
> diff --git a/net/core/rtnetlink.c b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
> --- a/net/core/rtnetlink.c
> +++ b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
> @@ -1572,6 +1572,7 @@ static noinline_for_stack int
> rtnl_fill_vfinfo(struct sk_buff *skb,
>                 port_guid.vf = ivi.vf;
> 
>         memcpy(vf_mac.mac, ivi.mac, sizeof(ivi.mac));
> +       memset(&vf_broadcast, 0, sizeof(vf_broadcast));
>         memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);
>         vf_vlan.vlan = ivi.vlan;
>         vf_vlan.qos = ivi.qos;

Nice catch, but your patch is corrupted and can't be applied as the tabs
were converted to spaces and the commit is line-wrapped :(

With that fixed, feel free to resubmit and add:

Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

thanks,

greg k-h

[PATCH net] net: rtnetlink: zero ifla_vf_broadcast to avoid stack infoleak in rtnl_fill_vfinfo

[Kai Zen]

rtnl_fill_vfinfo() declares struct ifla_vf_broadcast on the stack
without initialisation:

    struct ifla_vf_broadcast vf_broadcast;

The struct contains a single fixed 32-byte field:

    /* include/uapi/linux/if_link.h */
    struct ifla_vf_broadcast {
            __u8 broadcast[32];
    };

The function then copies dev->broadcast into it using dev->addr_len
as the length:

    memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);

On Ethernet devices (the overwhelming majority of SR-IOV NICs)
dev->addr_len is 6, so only the first 6 bytes of broadcast[] are
written. The remaining 26 bytes retain whatever was previously on
the kernel stack. The full struct is then handed to userspace via:

    nla_put(skb, IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
            sizeof(vf_broadcast), &vf_broadcast)

leaking up to 26 bytes of uninitialised kernel stack per VF per
RTM_GETLINK request, repeatable.

The other vf_* structs in the same function are explicitly zeroed
for exactly this reason - see the memset() calls for ivi,
vf_vlan_info, node_guid and port_guid a few lines above.
vf_broadcast was simply missed when it was added.

Reachability and impact
-----------------------

The leak is reachable by any unprivileged local process. AF_NETLINK
with NETLINK_ROUTE requires no capabilities. The only environmental
requirement is that the host has at least one SR-IOV-capable
interface present, which is the common case for cloud, datacenter
and HPC hosts.

Trigger: send RTM_GETLINK with an IFLA_EXT_MASK attribute whose
value has the RTEXT_FILTER_VF bit set. The kernel will then walk
each VF and emit IFLA_VFINFO_LIST, including IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
which carries the 26 bytes of uninitialised stack per VF.

Stack residue at this call site can include return addresses
(useful as a KASLR / function-pointer disclosure primitive) and
transient sensitive data left over by whatever ran on the same
kernel stack just prior. KASAN with stack instrumentation, or
KMSAN, will flag the nla_put() when reproduced.

Reproducer (unprivileged):

    import socket, struct
    IFLA_EXT_MASK   = 29
    RTEXT_FILTER_VF = 1
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_NETLINK, socket.SOCK_RAW,
                      socket.NETLINK_ROUTE)
    s.bind((0, 0))
    hdr  = struct.pack('=IHHII', 0, 18, 0x301, 0, 0)
    ifi  = struct.pack('=BxHiII', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
    attr = (struct.pack('=HH', 8, IFLA_EXT_MASK) +
            struct.pack('=I', RTEXT_FILTER_VF))
    msg  = hdr + ifi + attr
    msg  = struct.pack('=I', len(msg)) + msg[4:]
    s.send(msg)
    data = s.recv(65536)
    # Parse IFLA_VF_BROADCAST from the response. Bytes 7..32 of the
    # broadcast[] field are uninitialised kernel stack on Ethernet.

Fix
---

Zero the on-stack struct before the partial memcpy, matching the
existing pattern used for the other vf_* structs in the same
function.

Signed-off-by: Kai Aizen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com>
---
 net/core/rtnetlink.c | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/net/core/rtnetlink.c b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
--- a/net/core/rtnetlink.c
+++ b/net/core/rtnetlink.c
@@ -1572,6 +1572,7 @@ static noinline_for_stack int
rtnl_fill_vfinfo(struct sk_buff *skb,
                port_guid.vf = ivi.vf;

        memcpy(vf_mac.mac, ivi.mac, sizeof(ivi.mac));
+       memset(&vf_broadcast, 0, sizeof(vf_broadcast));
        memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);
        vf_vlan.vlan = ivi.vlan;
        vf_vlan.qos = ivi.qos;
--
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net] net: rtnetlink: zero ifla_vf_broadcast to avoid stack infoleak in rtnl_fill_vfinfo

[Eric Dumazet]

On Tue, Apr 7, 2026 at 4:32 AM Kai Zen <kai.aizen.dev@gmail.com> wrote:
>
> rtnl_fill_vfinfo() declares struct ifla_vf_broadcast on the stack
> without initialisation:
>
>     struct ifla_vf_broadcast vf_broadcast;
>
> The struct contains a single fixed 32-byte field:
>
>     /* include/uapi/linux/if_link.h */
>     struct ifla_vf_broadcast {
>             __u8 broadcast[32];
>     };
>
> The function then copies dev->broadcast into it using dev->addr_len
> as the length:
>
>     memcpy(vf_broadcast.broadcast, dev->broadcast, dev->addr_len);
>
> On Ethernet devices (the overwhelming majority of SR-IOV NICs)
> dev->addr_len is 6, so only the first 6 bytes of broadcast[] are
> written. The remaining 26 bytes retain whatever was previously on
> the kernel stack. The full struct is then handed to userspace via:
>
>     nla_put(skb, IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
>             sizeof(vf_broadcast), &vf_broadcast)
>
> leaking up to 26 bytes of uninitialised kernel stack per VF per
> RTM_GETLINK request, repeatable.
>
> The other vf_* structs in the same function are explicitly zeroed
> for exactly this reason - see the memset() calls for ivi,
> vf_vlan_info, node_guid and port_guid a few lines above.
> vf_broadcast was simply missed when it was added.
>
> Reachability and impact
> -----------------------
>
> The leak is reachable by any unprivileged local process. AF_NETLINK
> with NETLINK_ROUTE requires no capabilities. The only environmental
> requirement is that the host has at least one SR-IOV-capable
> interface present, which is the common case for cloud, datacenter
> and HPC hosts.
>
> Trigger: send RTM_GETLINK with an IFLA_EXT_MASK attribute whose
> value has the RTEXT_FILTER_VF bit set. The kernel will then walk
> each VF and emit IFLA_VFINFO_LIST, including IFLA_VF_BROADCAST,
> which carries the 26 bytes of uninitialised stack per VF.
>
> Stack residue at this call site can include return addresses
> (useful as a KASLR / function-pointer disclosure primitive) and
> transient sensitive data left over by whatever ran on the same
> kernel stack just prior. KASAN with stack instrumentation, or
> KMSAN, will flag the nla_put() when reproduced.

Please note:

1) You forgot to add the Fixes: tag as mentioned earlier.

2) Your patch is mangled, tabulations have been replaced with spaces.

Documentation/process/applying-patches.rst

3) Please wait ~24 hours before sending a new version.
 Documentation/process/maintainer-netdev.rst

Thank you.