[PATCH net v2] net: fix __this_cpu_add() in preemptible code in dev_xmit_recursion_inc/dec

Jiayuan Chen
2026-04-10T02:06:50Z

dev_xmit_recursion_{inc,dec}() use __this_cpu_{inc,dec}() which requires
the caller to be non-preemptible in order to avoid cpu migration. However,
some callers like SCTP's UDP encapsulation path invoke iptunnel_xmit()
from process context without disabling BH or preemption:

sctp_inet_connect -> __sctp_connect -> sctp_do_sm ->
sctp_outq_flush -> sctp_packet_transmit -> sctp_v4_xmit ->
udp_tunnel_xmit_skb -> iptunnel_xmit -> dev_xmit_recursion_inc

This triggers the following warning on PREEMPT(full) kernels:

BUG: using __this_cpu_add() in preemptible [00000000]
caller is dev_xmit_recursion_inc include/linux/netdevice.h:3595 [inline]
caller is iptunnel_xmit+0x1cd/0xb80 net/ipv4/ip_tunnel_core.c:72
Tainted: [L]=SOFTLOCKUP
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 lib/dump_stack.c:120
check_preemption_disabled+0xd8/0xe0 lib/smp_processor_id.c:47
dev_xmit_recursion_inc include/linux/netdevice.h:3595 [inline]
iptunnel_xmit+0x1cd/0xb80 net/ipv4/ip_tunnel_core.c:72
sctp_v4_xmit+0x75f/0x1060 net/sctp/protocol.c:1073
sctp_packet_transmit+0x22ec/0x3060 net/sctp/output.c:653
sctp_packet_singleton+0x19e/0x370 net/sctp/outqueue.c:783
sctp_outq_flush_ctrl net/sctp/outqueue.c:914 [inline]
sctp_outq_flush+0x315/0x3350 net/sctp/outqueue.c:1212
sctp_cmd_interpreter net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:1824 [inline]
sctp_side_effects net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:1204 [inline]
sctp_do_sm+0xce1/0x5be0 net/sctp/sm_sideeffect.c:1175
sctp_primitive_ASSOCIATE+0x9c/0xd0 net/sctp/primitive.c:73
__sctp_connect+0x9fc/0xc70 net/sctp/socket.c:1235
sctp_connect net/sctp/socket.c:4818 [inline]
sctp_inet_connect+0x15f/0x220 net/sctp/socket.c:4833
__sys_connect_file+0x141/0x1a0 net/socket.c:2089
__sys_connect+0x141/0x170 net/socket.c:2108
__do_sys_connect net/socket.c:2114 [inline]
__se_sys_connect net/socket.c:2111 [inline]
__x64_sys_connect+0x72/0xb0 net/socket.c:2111
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x106/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

All other callers of dev_xmit_recursion_{inc,dec}() are fine: those in
net/core/dev.c and net/core/filter.c run under local_bh_disable(), and
lwtunnel_input() asserts in_softirq() context. Currently only
iptunnel_xmit() and ip6tunnel_xmit() can be reached from process
context via the SCTP UDP encapsulation path.

Fix this by adding guard(migrate)() at the top of iptunnel_xmit() and
ip6tunnel_xmit() to ensure dev_recursion_level(), dev_xmit_recursion_inc()
and dev_xmit_recursion_dec() all run on the same CPU.

Fixes: 6f1a9140ecda ("net: add xmit recursion limit to tunnel xmit functions")
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
---
v1->v2: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/20260409035344.214279-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/
- Move guard(migrate)() to iptunnel_xmit()/ip6tunnel_xmit() instead
of dev_xmit_recursion_{inc,dec}(), so that dev_recursion_level() is
also covered under the same migration protection.
- Revert changes to include/linux/netdevice.h.
---
include/net/ip6_tunnel.h | 2 ++
net/ipv4/ip_tunnel_core.c | 2 ++
2 files changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/net/ip6_tunnel.h b/include/net/ip6_tunnel.h
index 359b595f1df9..3f877164233c 100644
--- a/include/net/ip6_tunnel.h
+++ b/include/net/ip6_tunnel.h
@@ -156,6 +156,8 @@ static inline void ip6tunnel_xmit(struct sock *sk, struct sk_buff *skb,
{
int pkt_len, err;

+ guard(migrate)();
+
if (unlikely(dev_recursion_level() > IP_TUNNEL_RECURSION_LIMIT)) {
if (dev) {
net_crit_ratelimited("Dead loop on virtual device %s, fix it urgently!\n",
diff --git a/net/ipv4/ip_tunnel_core.c b/net/ipv4/ip_tunnel_core.c
index 5683c328990f..808b8eaf7fad 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/ip_tunnel_core.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/ip_tunnel_core.c
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ void iptunnel_xmit(struct sock *sk, struct rtable *rt, struct sk_buff *skb,
struct iphdr *iph;
int err;

+ guard(migrate)();
+
if (unlikely(dev_recursion_level() > IP_TUNNEL_RECURSION_LIMIT)) {
if (dev) {
net_crit_ratelimited("Dead loop on virtual device %s, fix it urgently!\n",
--
2.43.0