[PATCH net] selftests/net: test network sysctl extremes

[Sahaj Chaudhari <sahaj123.sc@gmail.com>]

Probe accepted bounds for writable network sysctls and exercise
TCP and UDP loopback traffic at each bound. Test representative
per-network-namespace TCP/UDP settings by default, with options to
select from the set or scan all writable numeric network sysctls
for diagnostics.

Tested: Focused selftest build and CLI checks. QEMU on rebuilt Linux
7.3.0-rc7 passed default mode (4 sysctls/8 values, TCP 16/16, UDP
16/16), selected tcp_rmem mode (TCP and UDP 6/6), and --all mode
(497 sysctls/503 values, TCP 1005/1006, UDP 1006/1006). The exhaustive
run had one TCP EAGAIN at tcp_notsent_lowat[0]=0. On an AArch64 Linux
6.12.57 board, default mode (4 sysctls/8 values) met aggregate criteria
(TCP 15/16, UDP 16/16), with one TCP timeout at tcp_rmem[1]=1. No
kernel splats were found.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20261007054508.1059927-1-sahaj123.sc@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sahaj Chaudhari <sahaj123.sc@gmail.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/net/.gitignore        |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile          |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/net/sysctl_net_test.c | 947 ++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 949 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/net/sysctl_net_test.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/net/.gitignore
index dacd36ed8455..842cb359bbf6 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/.gitignore
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/.gitignore
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ so_incoming_cpu
 so_netns_cookie
 so_rcv_listener
 stress_reuseport_listen
+sysctl_net_test
 tap
 tcp_fastopen_backup_key
 tcp_inq
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
index 590b33e16d9f..8926fcfef6e9 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
@@ -196,6 +196,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS := \
 	sk_connect_zero_addr \
 	sk_so_peek_off \
 	so_incoming_cpu \
+	sysctl_net_test \
 	tap \
 	tcp_port_share \
 	tls \
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/sysctl_net_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/net/sysctl_net_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb2f0570d337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/sysctl_net_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,947 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <ftw.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "kselftest.h"
+
+#define SYSCTL_ROOT		"/proc/sys/net"
+#define SYSCTL_TEXT_SIZE	4096
+#define SYSCTL_MAX_VALUES	256
+#define KMSG_TEXT_SIZE		4096
+#define FIRST_TEST_PORT		20000
+#define LAST_TEST_PORT		59998
+
+struct sysctl_number {
+	uint64_t magnitude;
+	bool negative;
+};
+
+struct sysctl_values {
+	struct sysctl_number value[SYSCTL_MAX_VALUES];
+	size_t count;
+};
+
+static int kmsg_fd = -1;
+static unsigned int next_tcp_port = FIRST_TEST_PORT;
+static unsigned int next_udp_port = FIRST_TEST_PORT;
+static size_t tested_files;
+static size_t skipped_files;
+static size_t tested_values;
+static size_t tcp_attempts;
+static size_t tcp_successes;
+static size_t udp_attempts;
+static size_t udp_successes;
+static char failure[256];
+static char tcp_delivery_failure[256];
+static char udp_delivery_failure[256];
+
+static const char * const representative_sysctls[] = {
+	"ipv4/tcp_rmem",
+	"ipv4/tcp_wmem",
+	"ipv4/udp_rmem_min",
+	"ipv4/udp_wmem_min",
+};
+
+static bool selected_sysctls[ARRAY_SIZE(representative_sysctls)];
+
+static void set_failure(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+
+	if (failure[0])
+		return;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	vsnprintf(failure, sizeof(failure), fmt, args);
+	va_end(args);
+}
+
+static struct sysctl_number number_from_signed(int64_t value)
+{
+	struct sysctl_number number = {};
+
+	if (value < 0) {
+		number.negative = true;
+		number.magnitude = (uint64_t)(-(value + 1)) + 1;
+	} else {
+		number.magnitude = value;
+	}
+	return number;
+}
+
+static struct sysctl_number number_from_unsigned(uint64_t value)
+{
+	struct sysctl_number number = {
+		.magnitude = value,
+	};
+
+	return number;
+}
+
+static int64_t number_to_signed(struct sysctl_number number)
+{
+	if (!number.negative)
+		return (int64_t)number.magnitude;
+	if (number.magnitude == (UINT64_C(1) << 63))
+		return INT64_MIN;
+	return -(int64_t)number.magnitude;
+}
+
+static bool numbers_equal(struct sysctl_number a, struct sysctl_number b)
+{
+	return a.magnitude == b.magnitude &&
+	       (a.magnitude == 0 || a.negative == b.negative);
+}
+
+static bool format_number(struct sysctl_number number, char *text,
+			  size_t text_size)
+{
+	int n = snprintf(text, text_size, number.negative ? "-%llu" : "%llu",
+			 (unsigned long long)number.magnitude);
+
+	return n >= 0 && (size_t)n < text_size;
+}
+
+static bool parse_values(char *text, struct sysctl_values *values)
+{
+	char *pos = text;
+
+	values->count = 0;
+	while (*pos) {
+		char *end;
+		struct sysctl_number value;
+
+		while (isspace((unsigned char)*pos))
+			pos++;
+		if (!*pos)
+			break;
+		if (values->count == SYSCTL_MAX_VALUES)
+			return false;
+
+		errno = 0;
+		if (*pos == '-') {
+			long long signed_value = strtoll(pos, &end, 10);
+
+			if (end == pos || errno == ERANGE)
+				return false;
+			value = number_from_signed(signed_value);
+		} else {
+			unsigned long long unsigned_value = strtoull(pos, &end, 10);
+
+			if (end == pos || errno == ERANGE)
+				return false;
+			value = number_from_unsigned(unsigned_value);
+		}
+		if (*end && !isspace((unsigned char)*end))
+			return false;
+
+		values->value[values->count++] = value;
+		pos = end;
+	}
+
+	return values->count > 0;
+}
+
+static bool read_values(const char *path, struct sysctl_values *values)
+{
+	char text[SYSCTL_TEXT_SIZE];
+	size_t len = 0;
+	int fd;
+	bool ok = false;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	while (len < sizeof(text) - 1) {
+		ssize_t n = read(fd, text + len, sizeof(text) - 1 - len);
+
+		if (n < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+			continue;
+		if (n < 0)
+			goto out;
+		if (!n)
+			break;
+		len += n;
+	}
+	if (len == sizeof(text) - 1)
+		goto out;
+
+	text[len] = '\0';
+	ok = parse_values(text, values);
+out:
+	close(fd);
+	return ok;
+}
+
+static bool values_equal(const struct sysctl_values *a,
+			 const struct sysctl_values *b)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	if (a->count != b->count)
+		return false;
+	for (i = 0; i < a->count; i++) {
+		if (!numbers_equal(a->value[i], b->value[i]))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+static bool format_values(const struct sysctl_values *values, char *text,
+			  size_t text_size)
+{
+	size_t i, len = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < values->count; i++) {
+		char number[32];
+		int n;
+
+		if (!format_number(values->value[i], number, sizeof(number)))
+			return false;
+		n = snprintf(text + len, text_size - len, "%s%c", number,
+			     i + 1 == values->count ? '\n' : ' ');
+		if (n < 0 || (size_t)n >= text_size - len)
+			return false;
+		len += n;
+	}
+	return len > 0;
+}
+
+static bool write_values(const char *path,
+			 const struct sysctl_values *values)
+{
+	char text[SYSCTL_TEXT_SIZE];
+	size_t len;
+	ssize_t n;
+	int fd;
+	bool ok;
+
+	if (!format_values(values, text, sizeof(text)))
+		return false;
+	len = strlen(text);
+
+	fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return false;
+	do {
+		n = write(fd, text, len);
+	} while (n < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+	ok = n == (ssize_t)len;
+	if (close(fd) < 0)
+		ok = false;
+	return ok;
+}
+
+static bool restore_values(const char *path,
+			   const struct sysctl_values *original)
+{
+	struct sysctl_values current;
+
+	if (read_values(path, &current) && values_equal(original, &current))
+		return true;
+	return write_values(path, original) &&
+	       read_values(path, &current) &&
+	       values_equal(original, &current);
+}
+
+static bool check_kernel_log(void)
+{
+	static const char * const splats[] = {
+		"WARNING:",
+		"BUG:",
+		"Oops:",
+		"divide error",
+		"general protection fault",
+		"invalid opcode",
+		"kernel BUG at",
+		"Kernel panic",
+		"KASAN:",
+		"UBSAN:",
+		"soft lockup",
+		"hard LOCKUP",
+		"blocked for more than",
+		"possible circular locking dependency",
+	};
+	char record[KMSG_TEXT_SIZE + 1];
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t n = read(kmsg_fd, record, sizeof(record) - 1);
+		char *message;
+		size_t i;
+
+		if (n < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+			continue;
+		if (n < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK))
+			return true;
+		if (n < 0) {
+			set_failure("cannot read /dev/kmsg: %s", strerror(errno));
+			return false;
+		}
+		if (!n)
+			return true;
+
+		record[n] = '\0';
+		message = strchr(record, ';');
+		message = message ? message + 1 : record;
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(splats); i++) {
+			if (!strstr(message, splats[i]))
+				continue;
+			set_failure("kernel splat detected: %.180s", message);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static uint64_t ordered_value(int64_t value)
+{
+	/* Map signed integers to unsigned keys in numeric order. */
+	return (uint64_t)value ^ (UINT64_C(1) << 63);
+}
+
+static int64_t unordered_value(uint64_t key)
+{
+	uint64_t raw = key ^ (UINT64_C(1) << 63);
+
+	if (raw <= INT64_MAX)
+		return (int64_t)raw;
+	return -1 - (int64_t)(UINT64_MAX - raw);
+}
+
+static int probe_value(const char *path, const struct sysctl_values *original,
+		       size_t index, struct sysctl_number candidate,
+		       bool *accepted)
+{
+	struct sysctl_values expected = *original;
+	struct sysctl_values current;
+	char text[32];
+
+	expected.value[index] = candidate;
+	*accepted = false;
+
+	if (write_values(path, &expected) &&
+	    read_values(path, &current) &&
+	    values_equal(&expected, &current))
+		*accepted = true;
+
+	if (!restore_values(path, original)) {
+		format_number(candidate, text, sizeof(text));
+		set_failure("failed to restore %s after probing %s", path, text);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!check_kernel_log())
+		return -1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static uint64_t next_step(uint64_t step)
+{
+	if (step > UINT64_MAX / 2)
+		return UINT64_MAX;
+	return step * 2;
+}
+
+static int find_bound(const char *path,
+		      const struct sysctl_values *original, size_t index,
+		      bool lower, bool unsigned_domain,
+		      struct sysctl_number *bound)
+{
+	struct sysctl_number start = original->value[index];
+	uint64_t valid = unsigned_domain ? start.magnitude :
+			 ordered_value(number_to_signed(start));
+	uint64_t step = 1;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		uint64_t candidate, invalid;
+		bool accepted;
+
+		if (lower) {
+			if (!valid)
+				break;
+			candidate = valid > step ? valid - step : 0;
+		} else {
+			if (valid == UINT64_MAX)
+				break;
+			candidate = UINT64_MAX - valid < step ?
+				    UINT64_MAX : valid + step;
+		}
+		if (candidate == valid)
+			break;
+
+		if (probe_value(path, original, index,
+				unsigned_domain ? number_from_unsigned(candidate) :
+				number_from_signed(unordered_value(candidate)),
+				&accepted))
+			return -1;
+		if (accepted) {
+			valid = candidate;
+			step = next_step(step);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		invalid = candidate;
+		while (lower ? valid - invalid > 1 : invalid - valid > 1) {
+			uint64_t middle = lower ?
+					  invalid + (valid - invalid) / 2 :
+					  valid + (invalid - valid) / 2;
+
+			if (probe_value(path, original, index,
+					unsigned_domain ?
+					number_from_unsigned(middle) :
+					number_from_signed(unordered_value(middle)),
+					&accepted))
+				return -1;
+			if (accepted)
+				valid = middle;
+			else
+				invalid = middle;
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	*bound = unsigned_domain ? number_from_unsigned(valid) :
+		 number_from_signed(unordered_value(valid));
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_lower_bound(const char *path,
+			    const struct sysctl_values *original,
+			    size_t index, struct sysctl_number *bound)
+{
+	struct sysctl_number start = original->value[index];
+	bool unsigned_domain = !start.negative && start.magnitude > INT64_MAX;
+
+	return find_bound(path, original, index, true, unsigned_domain, bound);
+}
+
+static int find_upper_bound(const char *path,
+			    const struct sysctl_values *original,
+			    size_t index, struct sysctl_number *bound)
+{
+	bool unsigned_domain = !original->value[index].negative;
+
+	return find_bound(path, original, index, false, unsigned_domain, bound);
+}
+
+static int get_port_pair(bool tcp, uint16_t *server, uint16_t *client)
+{
+	unsigned int *next = tcp ? &next_tcp_port : &next_udp_port;
+
+	if (*next > LAST_TEST_PORT) {
+		errno = EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	*server = *next;
+	*client = *next + 1;
+	*next += 2;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int bind_loopback(int fd, uint16_t port)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_in addr = {
+		.sin_family = AF_INET,
+		.sin_port = htons(port),
+		.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK),
+	};
+
+	return bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+}
+
+static int wait_readable(int fd)
+{
+	struct pollfd pfd = {
+		.fd = fd,
+		.events = POLLIN,
+	};
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = poll(&pfd, 1, 1000);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (!ret) {
+		errno = ETIMEDOUT;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!(pfd.revents & POLLIN)) {
+		errno = EIO;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int tcp_loopback(void)
+{
+	struct timeval timeout = { .tv_sec = 1 };
+	uint16_t server_port, client_port;
+	char data[64] = { 1 };
+	char received[sizeof(data)];
+	int listener = -1, client = -1, server = -1;
+	int ret = -1;
+	ssize_t n;
+
+	if (get_port_pair(true, &server_port, &client_port))
+		return -1;
+	listener = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+	client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+	if (listener < 0 || client < 0 ||
+	    setsockopt(client, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, &timeout,
+		       sizeof(timeout)) ||
+	    bind_loopback(listener, server_port) ||
+	    listen(listener, 1) || bind_loopback(client, client_port))
+		goto out;
+
+	{
+		struct sockaddr_in addr = {
+			.sin_family = AF_INET,
+			.sin_port = htons(server_port),
+			.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK),
+		};
+
+		if (connect(client, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)))
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (wait_readable(listener))
+		goto out;
+	server = accept4(listener, NULL, NULL, SOCK_CLOEXEC);
+	if (server < 0)
+		goto out;
+	n = send(client, data, sizeof(data), MSG_NOSIGNAL);
+	if (n <= 0) {
+		if (!n)
+			errno = EPIPE;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (wait_readable(server))
+		goto out;
+
+	n = recv(server, received, sizeof(received), 0);
+	if (n <= 0) {
+		if (!n)
+			errno = ECONNRESET;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	if (server >= 0)
+		close(server);
+	if (client >= 0)
+		close(client);
+	if (listener >= 0)
+		close(listener);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int udp_loopback(void)
+{
+	uint16_t server_port, client_port;
+	struct sockaddr_in addr = {
+		.sin_family = AF_INET,
+		.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_LOOPBACK),
+	};
+	char data = 1, received;
+	int server = -1, client = -1;
+	int ret = -1;
+	ssize_t n;
+
+	if (get_port_pair(false, &server_port, &client_port))
+		return -1;
+	server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+	client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+	if (server < 0 || client < 0 || bind_loopback(server, server_port) ||
+	    bind_loopback(client, client_port))
+		goto out;
+
+	addr.sin_port = htons(server_port);
+	n = sendto(client, &data, sizeof(data), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr,
+		   sizeof(addr));
+	if (n != sizeof(data)) {
+		if (n >= 0)
+			errno = EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (wait_readable(server))
+		goto out;
+
+	n = recv(server, &received, sizeof(received), 0);
+	if (n != sizeof(received)) {
+		if (n >= 0)
+			errno = EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	ret = 0;
+out:
+	if (client >= 0)
+		close(client);
+	if (server >= 0)
+		close(server);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void run_loopback_traffic(const char *path, size_t index,
+				 const char *value)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	tcp_attempts++;
+	if (!tcp_loopback()) {
+		tcp_successes++;
+	} else {
+		err = errno;
+		if (!tcp_delivery_failure[0])
+			snprintf(tcp_delivery_failure,
+				 sizeof(tcp_delivery_failure),
+				 "%s[%zu]=%s: %s", path, index, value,
+				 strerror(err));
+	}
+
+	udp_attempts++;
+	if (!udp_loopback()) {
+		udp_successes++;
+	} else {
+		err = errno;
+		if (!udp_delivery_failure[0])
+			snprintf(udp_delivery_failure,
+				 sizeof(udp_delivery_failure),
+				 "%s[%zu]=%s: %s", path, index, value,
+				 strerror(err));
+	}
+}
+
+static int exercise_value(const char *path,
+			  const struct sysctl_values *original,
+			  size_t index, struct sysctl_number value)
+{
+	struct sysctl_values expected = *original;
+	char text[32];
+	bool restore = !numbers_equal(value, original->value[index]);
+	bool applied = false;
+
+	if (!format_number(value, text, sizeof(text))) {
+		set_failure("cannot format boundary for %s", path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (restore) {
+		struct sysctl_values current;
+
+		expected.value[index] = value;
+		applied = write_values(path, &expected) &&
+			  read_values(path, &current) &&
+			  values_equal(&expected, &current);
+		if (!applied) {
+			if (!restore_values(path, original)) {
+				set_failure("failed to restore %s after setting %s",
+					    path, text);
+				return -1;
+			}
+			set_failure("%s no longer accepts boundary %s", path, text);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	check_kernel_log();
+	if (!failure[0])
+		run_loopback_traffic(path, index, text);
+
+	if (restore && !restore_values(path, original)) {
+		format_number(value, text, sizeof(text));
+		set_failure("failed to restore %s after traffic at %s", path,
+			    text);
+	}
+	check_kernel_log();
+	return failure[0] ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static bool prepare_sysctl(const char *path,
+			   const struct sysctl_values *original)
+{
+	struct sysctl_values current;
+	bool writable;
+
+	writable = write_values(path, original) &&
+		   read_values(path, &current) &&
+		   values_equal(original, &current);
+	if (!writable && !restore_values(path, original)) {
+		set_failure("failed to restore %s after initial write", path);
+		return false;
+	}
+	if (!check_kernel_log())
+		return false;
+	return writable;
+}
+
+static int test_sysctl(const char *path, const struct sysctl_values *original)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	if (!prepare_sysctl(path, original)) {
+		if (!failure[0]) {
+			skipped_files++;
+			printf("# SKIP %s: sysctl is not writable\n", path);
+		}
+		return failure[0] ? -1 : 0;
+	}
+
+	tested_files++;
+	for (i = 0; i < original->count; i++) {
+		struct sysctl_number lower, upper;
+
+		if (find_lower_bound(path, original, i, &lower) ||
+		    find_upper_bound(path, original, i, &upper))
+			return -1;
+		if (exercise_value(path, original, i, lower) ||
+		    (!numbers_equal(upper, lower) &&
+		     exercise_value(path, original, i, upper)))
+			return -1;
+		tested_values++;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int scan_sysctl(const char *path, const struct stat *statbuf,
+		       int type, struct FTW *ftwbuf)
+{
+	struct sysctl_values values;
+
+	(void)statbuf;
+	(void)ftwbuf;
+	if (type != FTW_F || access(path, W_OK))
+		return 0;
+	if (!read_values(path, &values))
+		return 0;
+	return test_sysctl(path, &values) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static void print_usage(FILE *stream, const char *program)
+{
+	size_t i;
+
+	fprintf(stream, "Usage: %s [-a | -s SYSCTL ...]\n", program);
+	fprintf(stream, "  -s, --sysctl SYSCTL  Test a representative sysctl (repeatable)\n");
+	fprintf(stream, "  -a, --all            Test all writable numeric sysctls under %s\n",
+		SYSCTL_ROOT);
+	fprintf(stream, "  -h, --help           Show this help\n");
+	fprintf(stream, "Default sysctls:\n");
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(representative_sysctls); i++)
+		fprintf(stream, "  %s\n", representative_sysctls[i]);
+}
+
+static int parse_options(int argc, char **argv, bool *all_sysctls)
+{
+	static const struct option options[] = {
+		{ "all", no_argument, NULL, 'a' },
+		{ "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
+		{ "sysctl", required_argument, NULL, 's' },
+		{}
+	};
+	bool selection_given = false;
+	int option;
+
+	while ((option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ahs:", options, NULL)) != -1) {
+		switch (option) {
+		case 'a':
+			if (selection_given)
+				goto invalid_options;
+			selection_given = true;
+			*all_sysctls = true;
+			break;
+		case 's': {
+			size_t i;
+
+			if (*all_sysctls)
+				goto invalid_options;
+			selection_given = true;
+			for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(representative_sysctls); i++) {
+				if (strcmp(optarg, representative_sysctls[i]))
+					continue;
+				selected_sysctls[i] = true;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (i == ARRAY_SIZE(representative_sysctls)) {
+				fprintf(stderr, "Unknown sysctl: %s\n", optarg);
+				goto invalid_options;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		case 'h':
+			print_usage(stdout, argv[0]);
+			return 1;
+		default:
+			goto invalid_options;
+		}
+	}
+	if (optind != argc)
+		goto invalid_options;
+
+	if (!selection_given) {
+		size_t i;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(representative_sysctls); i++)
+			selected_sysctls[i] = true;
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+invalid_options:
+	print_usage(stderr, argv[0]);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+static int test_selected_sysctl(const char *name)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct sysctl_values values;
+	int n;
+
+	n = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", SYSCTL_ROOT, name);
+	if (n < 0 || (size_t)n >= sizeof(path)) {
+		set_failure("sysctl path is too long: %s", name);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (access(path, F_OK)) {
+		if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR) {
+			skipped_files++;
+			printf("# SKIP %s: not available\n", name);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		set_failure("cannot inspect %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (access(path, R_OK)) {
+		int err = errno;
+
+		skipped_files++;
+		printf("# SKIP %s: not readable (%s)\n", name, strerror(err));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	if (!read_values(path, &values)) {
+		set_failure("%s is not a readable numeric sysctl", path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (access(path, W_OK)) {
+		int err = errno;
+
+		skipped_files++;
+		printf("# SKIP %s: not writable (%s)\n", name, strerror(err));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	printf("# Testing %s\n", name);
+	return test_sysctl(path, &values);
+}
+
+static int set_loopback_up(void)
+{
+	struct ifreq ifr = {};
+	int fd, ret = -1;
+
+	fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+	strncpy(ifr.ifr_name, "lo", IFNAMSIZ - 1);
+	if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr))
+		goto out;
+	ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
+	ret = ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr);
+out:
+	close(fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	bool all_sysctls = false;
+	int option_status, ret;
+	size_t i;
+
+	option_status = parse_options(argc, argv, &all_sysctls);
+	if (option_status > 0)
+		return KSFT_PASS;
+	if (option_status < 0)
+		return KSFT_FAIL;
+
+	ksft_print_header();
+	ksft_set_plan(1);
+
+	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNET))
+		ksft_exit_skip("cannot create network namespace: %s\n",
+			       strerror(errno));
+
+	kmsg_fd = open("/dev/kmsg", O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (kmsg_fd < 0)
+		ksft_exit_skip("cannot read /dev/kmsg: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+	if (lseek(kmsg_fd, 0, SEEK_END) < 0)
+		ksft_exit_skip("cannot seek /dev/kmsg: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+	if (set_loopback_up())
+		ksft_exit_skip("cannot bring loopback up: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+	if (!check_kernel_log())
+		goto fail;
+
+	if (all_sysctls) {
+		ret = nftw(SYSCTL_ROOT, scan_sysctl, 32, FTW_PHYS);
+		if (ret < 0 && !failure[0])
+			set_failure("cannot scan %s: %s", SYSCTL_ROOT,
+				    strerror(errno));
+	} else {
+		for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(representative_sysctls); i++) {
+			if (!selected_sysctls[i])
+				continue;
+			if (test_selected_sysctl(representative_sysctls[i]))
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!failure[0] && !tested_files)
+		ksft_exit_skip("no selected writable numeric network sysctls found\n");
+	if (!failure[0] && (!tcp_successes || !udp_successes))
+		set_failure("loopback delivery incomplete: TCP %zu/%zu, UDP %zu/%zu",
+			    tcp_successes, tcp_attempts,
+			    udp_successes, udp_attempts);
+	if (!failure[0] && !check_kernel_log())
+		goto fail;
+	if (tcp_delivery_failure[0])
+		printf("# first TCP delivery failure: %s\n",
+		       tcp_delivery_failure);
+	if (udp_delivery_failure[0])
+		printf("# first UDP delivery failure: %s\n",
+		       udp_delivery_failure);
+	if (failure[0])
+		goto fail;
+
+	printf("# tested %zu sysctls, %zu values; skipped %zu\n",
+	       tested_files, tested_values, skipped_files);
+	ksft_test_result_pass("TCP %zu/%zu, UDP %zu/%zu deliveries succeeded\n",
+			      tcp_successes, tcp_attempts,
+			      udp_successes, udp_attempts);
+	ksft_finished();
+	close(kmsg_fd);
+	return KSFT_PASS;
+
+fail:
+	ksft_test_result_fail("%s\n", failure);
+	ksft_finished();
+	close(kmsg_fd);
+	return KSFT_FAIL;
+}
-- 
2.43.0