[PATCH net 0/3] vxlan: Fix NPDs when using nexthop objects

[PATCH net 0/3] vxlan: Fix NPDs when using nexthop objects

[Ido Schimmel]

With FDB nexthop groups, VXLAN FDB entries do not necessarily point to a
remote destination but rather to an FDB nexthop group. This means that
first_remote_{rcu,rtnl}() can return NULL and a few places in the driver
were not ready for that, resulting in NULL pointer dereferences.
Patches #1-#2 fix these NPDs.

Note that vxlan_fdb_find_uc() still dereferences the remote returned by
first_remote_rcu() without checking that it is not NULL, but this
function is only invoked by a single driver which vetoes the creation of
FDB nexthop groups. I will patch this in net-next to make the code less
fragile.

Patch #3 adds a selftests which exercises these code paths and tests
basic Tx functionality with FDB nexthop groups. I verified that the test
crashes the kernel without the first two patches.

Ido Schimmel (3):
  vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object
  vxlan: Fix NPD in {arp,neigh}_reduce() when using nexthop objects
  selftests: net: Add a selftest for VXLAN with FDB nexthop groups

 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c               |  18 +-
 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h            |   4 +-
 tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile         |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh | 223 +++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 237 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
 create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh

-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH net 1/3] vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object

[Ido Schimmel]

VXLAN FDB entries can point to either a remote destination or an FDB
nexthop group. The latter is usually used in EVPN deployments where
learning is disabled.

However, when learning is enabled, an incoming packet might try to
refresh an FDB entry that points to an FDB nexthop group and therefore
does not have a remote. Such packets should be dropped, but they are
only dropped after dereferencing the non-existent remote, resulting in a
NPD [1] which can be reproduced using [2].

Fix by dropping such packets earlier. Remove the misleading comment from
first_remote_rcu().

[1]
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
[...]
CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 361 Comm: mausezahn Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1-virtme-g9f6b606b6b37 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:vxlan_snoop+0x98/0x1e0
[...]
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 vxlan_encap_bypass+0x209/0x240
 encap_bypass_if_local+0xb1/0x100
 vxlan_xmit_one+0x1375/0x17e0
 vxlan_xmit+0x6b4/0x15f0
 dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0
 __dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0
 packet_sendmsg+0x113a/0x1850
 __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70
 __sys_sendto+0x126/0x180
 __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30
 do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53

[2]
 #!/bin/bash

 ip address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo
 ip address add 192.0.2.2/32 dev lo

 ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.3 fdb
 ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb

 ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 12345 localbypass
 ip link add name vx1 up type vxlan id 10020 local 192.0.2.2 dstport 54321 learning

 bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static dst 192.0.2.2 port 54321 vni 10020
 bridge fdb add 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee dev vx1 self static nhid 10

 mausezahn vx0 -a 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c 1 -q

Fixes: 1274e1cc4226 ("vxlan: ecmp support for mac fdb entries")
Reported-by: Marlin Cremers <mcremers@cloudbear.nl>
Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
---
 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c    | 8 ++++----
 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h | 4 +---
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
index f32be2e301f2..0f6a7c89a669 100644
--- a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
+++ b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
@@ -1445,6 +1445,10 @@ static enum skb_drop_reason vxlan_snoop(struct net_device *dev,
 		if (READ_ONCE(f->updated) != now)
 			WRITE_ONCE(f->updated, now);
 
+		/* Don't override an fdb with nexthop with a learnt entry */
+		if (rcu_access_pointer(f->nh))
+			return SKB_DROP_REASON_VXLAN_ENTRY_EXISTS;
+
 		if (likely(vxlan_addr_equal(&rdst->remote_ip, src_ip) &&
 			   rdst->remote_ifindex == ifindex))
 			return SKB_NOT_DROPPED_YET;
@@ -1453,10 +1457,6 @@ static enum skb_drop_reason vxlan_snoop(struct net_device *dev,
 		if (f->state & (NUD_PERMANENT | NUD_NOARP))
 			return SKB_DROP_REASON_VXLAN_ENTRY_EXISTS;
 
-		/* Don't override an fdb with nexthop with a learnt entry */
-		if (rcu_access_pointer(f->nh))
-			return SKB_DROP_REASON_VXLAN_ENTRY_EXISTS;
-
 		if (net_ratelimit())
 			netdev_info(dev,
 				    "%pM migrated from %pIS to %pIS\n",
diff --git a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h
index 6c625fb29c6c..99fe772ad679 100644
--- a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h
+++ b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h
@@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ static inline struct hlist_head *vs_head(struct net *net, __be16 port)
 	return &vn->sock_list[hash_32(ntohs(port), PORT_HASH_BITS)];
 }
 
-/* First remote destination for a forwarding entry.
- * Guaranteed to be non-NULL because remotes are never deleted.
- */
+/* First remote destination for a forwarding entry. */
 static inline struct vxlan_rdst *first_remote_rcu(struct vxlan_fdb *fdb)
 {
 	if (rcu_access_pointer(fdb->nh))
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH net 1/3] vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object

[Nikolay Aleksandrov]

On 9/1/25 09:50, Ido Schimmel wrote:
> VXLAN FDB entries can point to either a remote destination or an FDB
> nexthop group. The latter is usually used in EVPN deployments where
> learning is disabled.
> 
> However, when learning is enabled, an incoming packet might try to
> refresh an FDB entry that points to an FDB nexthop group and therefore
> does not have a remote. Such packets should be dropped, but they are
> only dropped after dereferencing the non-existent remote, resulting in a
> NPD [1] which can be reproduced using [2].
> 
> Fix by dropping such packets earlier. Remove the misleading comment from
> first_remote_rcu().
> 
> [1]
> BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
> [...]
> CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 361 Comm: mausezahn Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1-virtme-g9f6b606b6b37 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary)
> Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014
> RIP: 0010:vxlan_snoop+0x98/0x1e0
> [...]
> Call Trace:
>   <TASK>
>   vxlan_encap_bypass+0x209/0x240
>   encap_bypass_if_local+0xb1/0x100
>   vxlan_xmit_one+0x1375/0x17e0
>   vxlan_xmit+0x6b4/0x15f0
>   dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0
>   __dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0
>   packet_sendmsg+0x113a/0x1850
>   __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70
>   __sys_sendto+0x126/0x180
>   __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30
>   do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260
>   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
> 
> [2]
>   #!/bin/bash
> 
>   ip address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo
>   ip address add 192.0.2.2/32 dev lo
> 
>   ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.3 fdb
>   ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb
> 
>   ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 12345 localbypass
>   ip link add name vx1 up type vxlan id 10020 local 192.0.2.2 dstport 54321 learning
> 
>   bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static dst 192.0.2.2 port 54321 vni 10020
>   bridge fdb add 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee dev vx1 self static nhid 10
> 
>   mausezahn vx0 -a 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c 1 -q
> 
> Fixes: 1274e1cc4226 ("vxlan: ecmp support for mac fdb entries")
> Reported-by: Marlin Cremers <mcremers@cloudbear.nl>
> Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com>
> Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
> ---
>   drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c    | 8 ++++----
>   drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h | 4 +---
>   2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
> index f32be2e301f2..0f6a7c89a669 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
> @@ -1445,6 +1445,10 @@ static enum skb_drop_reason vxlan_snoop(struct net_device *dev,
>   		if (READ_ONCE(f->updated) != now)
>   			WRITE_ONCE(f->updated, now);
>   
> +		/* Don't override an fdb with nexthop with a learnt entry */
> +		if (rcu_access_pointer(f->nh))
> +			return SKB_DROP_REASON_VXLAN_ENTRY_EXISTS;
> +
>   		if (likely(vxlan_addr_equal(&rdst->remote_ip, src_ip) &&
>   			   rdst->remote_ifindex == ifindex))
>   			return SKB_NOT_DROPPED_YET;
> @@ -1453,10 +1457,6 @@ static enum skb_drop_reason vxlan_snoop(struct net_device *dev,
>   		if (f->state & (NUD_PERMANENT | NUD_NOARP))
>   			return SKB_DROP_REASON_VXLAN_ENTRY_EXISTS;
>   
> -		/* Don't override an fdb with nexthop with a learnt entry */
> -		if (rcu_access_pointer(f->nh))
> -			return SKB_DROP_REASON_VXLAN_ENTRY_EXISTS;
> -
>   		if (net_ratelimit())
>   			netdev_info(dev,
>   				    "%pM migrated from %pIS to %pIS\n",
> diff --git a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h
> index 6c625fb29c6c..99fe772ad679 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h
> +++ b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_private.h
> @@ -61,9 +61,7 @@ static inline struct hlist_head *vs_head(struct net *net, __be16 port)
>   	return &vn->sock_list[hash_32(ntohs(port), PORT_HASH_BITS)];
>   }
>   
> -/* First remote destination for a forwarding entry.
> - * Guaranteed to be non-NULL because remotes are never deleted.
> - */
> +/* First remote destination for a forwarding entry. */
>   static inline struct vxlan_rdst *first_remote_rcu(struct vxlan_fdb *fdb)
>   {
>   	if (rcu_access_pointer(fdb->nh))

Nice catch,
Reviewed-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov <razor@blackwall.org>

[PATCH net 2/3] vxlan: Fix NPD in {arp,neigh}_reduce() when using nexthop objects

[Ido Schimmel]

When the "proxy" option is enabled on a VXLAN device, the device will
suppress ARP requests and IPv6 Neighbor Solicitation messages if it is
able to reply on behalf of the remote host. That is, if a matching and
valid neighbor entry is configured on the VXLAN device whose MAC address
is not behind the "any" remote (0.0.0.0 / ::).

The code currently assumes that the FDB entry for the neighbor's MAC
address points to a valid remote destination, but this is incorrect if
the entry is associated with an FDB nexthop group. This can result in a
NPD [1][3] which can be reproduced using [2][4].

Fix by checking that the remote destination exists before dereferencing
it.

[1]
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
[...]
CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 365 Comm: arping Not tainted 6.17.0-rc2-virtme-g2a89cb21162c #2 PREEMPT(voluntary)
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:vxlan_xmit+0xb58/0x15f0
[...]
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0
 __dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0
 packet_sendmsg+0x113a/0x1850
 __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70
 __sys_sendto+0x126/0x180
 __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30
 do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53

[2]
 #!/bin/bash

 ip address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo

 ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.2 fdb
 ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb

 ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 4789 proxy

 ip neigh add 192.0.2.3 lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 nud perm dev vx0

 bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static nhid 10

 arping -b -c 1 -s 192.0.2.1 -I vx0 192.0.2.3

[3]
BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
[...]
CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 372 Comm: ndisc6 Not tainted 6.17.0-rc2-virtmne-g6ee90cb26014 #3 PREEMPT(voluntary)
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1v996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2x014
RIP: 0010:vxlan_xmit+0x803/0x1600
[...]
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0
 __dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0
 ip6_finish_output2+0x210/0x6c0
 ip6_finish_output+0x1af/0x2b0
 ip6_mr_output+0x92/0x3e0
 ip6_send_skb+0x30/0x90
 rawv6_sendmsg+0xe6e/0x12e0
 __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70
 __sys_sendto+0x126/0x180
 __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30
 do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
RIP: 0033:0x7f383422ec77

[4]
 #!/bin/bash

 ip address add 2001:db8:1::1/128 dev lo

 ip nexthop add id 1 via 2001:db8:1::1 fdb
 ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb

 ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 2001:db8:1::1 dstport 4789 proxy

 ip neigh add 2001:db8:1::3 lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 nud perm dev vx0

 bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static nhid 10

 ndisc6 -r 1 -s 2001:db8:1::1 -w 1 2001:db8:1::3 vx0

Fixes: 1274e1cc4226 ("vxlan: ecmp support for mac fdb entries")
Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
---
 drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c | 10 ++++++++--
 1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
index 0f6a7c89a669..dab864bc733c 100644
--- a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
+++ b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
@@ -1877,6 +1877,7 @@ static int arp_reduce(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 vni)
 	n = neigh_lookup(&arp_tbl, &tip, dev);
 
 	if (n) {
+		struct vxlan_rdst *rdst = NULL;
 		struct vxlan_fdb *f;
 		struct sk_buff	*reply;
 
@@ -1887,7 +1888,9 @@ static int arp_reduce(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 vni)
 
 		rcu_read_lock();
 		f = vxlan_find_mac_tx(vxlan, n->ha, vni);
-		if (f && vxlan_addr_any(&(first_remote_rcu(f)->remote_ip))) {
+		if (f)
+			rdst = first_remote_rcu(f);
+		if (rdst && vxlan_addr_any(&rdst->remote_ip)) {
 			/* bridge-local neighbor */
 			neigh_release(n);
 			rcu_read_unlock();
@@ -2044,6 +2047,7 @@ static int neigh_reduce(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 vni)
 	n = neigh_lookup(ipv6_stub->nd_tbl, &msg->target, dev);
 
 	if (n) {
+		struct vxlan_rdst *rdst = NULL;
 		struct vxlan_fdb *f;
 		struct sk_buff *reply;
 
@@ -2053,7 +2057,9 @@ static int neigh_reduce(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 vni)
 		}
 
 		f = vxlan_find_mac_tx(vxlan, n->ha, vni);
-		if (f && vxlan_addr_any(&(first_remote_rcu(f)->remote_ip))) {
+		if (f)
+			rdst = first_remote_rcu(f);
+		if (rdst && vxlan_addr_any(&rdst->remote_ip)) {
 			/* bridge-local neighbor */
 			neigh_release(n);
 			goto out;
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH net 2/3] vxlan: Fix NPD in {arp,neigh}_reduce() when using nexthop objects

[Nikolay Aleksandrov]

On 9/1/25 09:50, Ido Schimmel wrote:
> When the "proxy" option is enabled on a VXLAN device, the device will
> suppress ARP requests and IPv6 Neighbor Solicitation messages if it is
> able to reply on behalf of the remote host. That is, if a matching and
> valid neighbor entry is configured on the VXLAN device whose MAC address
> is not behind the "any" remote (0.0.0.0 / ::).
> 
> The code currently assumes that the FDB entry for the neighbor's MAC
> address points to a valid remote destination, but this is incorrect if
> the entry is associated with an FDB nexthop group. This can result in a
> NPD [1][3] which can be reproduced using [2][4].
> 
> Fix by checking that the remote destination exists before dereferencing
> it.
> 
> [1]
> BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
> [...]
> CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 365 Comm: arping Not tainted 6.17.0-rc2-virtme-g2a89cb21162c #2 PREEMPT(voluntary)
> Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014
> RIP: 0010:vxlan_xmit+0xb58/0x15f0
> [...]
> Call Trace:
>   <TASK>
>   dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0
>   __dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0
>   packet_sendmsg+0x113a/0x1850
>   __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70
>   __sys_sendto+0x126/0x180
>   __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30
>   do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260
>   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
> 
> [2]
>   #!/bin/bash
> 
>   ip address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo
> 
>   ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.2 fdb
>   ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb
> 
>   ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 4789 proxy
> 
>   ip neigh add 192.0.2.3 lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 nud perm dev vx0
> 
>   bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static nhid 10
> 
>   arping -b -c 1 -s 192.0.2.1 -I vx0 192.0.2.3
> 
> [3]
> BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000
> [...]
> CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 372 Comm: ndisc6 Not tainted 6.17.0-rc2-virtmne-g6ee90cb26014 #3 PREEMPT(voluntary)
> Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1v996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2x014
> RIP: 0010:vxlan_xmit+0x803/0x1600
> [...]
> Call Trace:
>   <TASK>
>   dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0
>   __dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0
>   ip6_finish_output2+0x210/0x6c0
>   ip6_finish_output+0x1af/0x2b0
>   ip6_mr_output+0x92/0x3e0
>   ip6_send_skb+0x30/0x90
>   rawv6_sendmsg+0xe6e/0x12e0
>   __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70
>   __sys_sendto+0x126/0x180
>   __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30
>   do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260
>   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
> RIP: 0033:0x7f383422ec77
> 
> [4]
>   #!/bin/bash
> 
>   ip address add 2001:db8:1::1/128 dev lo
> 
>   ip nexthop add id 1 via 2001:db8:1::1 fdb
>   ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb
> 
>   ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 2001:db8:1::1 dstport 4789 proxy
> 
>   ip neigh add 2001:db8:1::3 lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 nud perm dev vx0
> 
>   bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static nhid 10
> 
>   ndisc6 -r 1 -s 2001:db8:1::1 -w 1 2001:db8:1::3 vx0
> 
> Fixes: 1274e1cc4226 ("vxlan: ecmp support for mac fdb entries")
> Reviewed-by: Petr Machata <petrm@nvidia.com>
> Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
> ---
>   drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c | 10 ++++++++--
>   1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
> index 0f6a7c89a669..dab864bc733c 100644
> --- a/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
> +++ b/drivers/net/vxlan/vxlan_core.c
> @@ -1877,6 +1877,7 @@ static int arp_reduce(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 vni)
>   	n = neigh_lookup(&arp_tbl, &tip, dev);
>   
>   	if (n) {
> +		struct vxlan_rdst *rdst = NULL;
>   		struct vxlan_fdb *f;
>   		struct sk_buff	*reply;
>   
> @@ -1887,7 +1888,9 @@ static int arp_reduce(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 vni)
>   
>   		rcu_read_lock();
>   		f = vxlan_find_mac_tx(vxlan, n->ha, vni);
> -		if (f && vxlan_addr_any(&(first_remote_rcu(f)->remote_ip))) {
> +		if (f)
> +			rdst = first_remote_rcu(f);
> +		if (rdst && vxlan_addr_any(&rdst->remote_ip)) {
>   			/* bridge-local neighbor */
>   			neigh_release(n);
>   			rcu_read_unlock();
> @@ -2044,6 +2047,7 @@ static int neigh_reduce(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 vni)
>   	n = neigh_lookup(ipv6_stub->nd_tbl, &msg->target, dev);
>   
>   	if (n) {
> +		struct vxlan_rdst *rdst = NULL;
>   		struct vxlan_fdb *f;
>   		struct sk_buff *reply;
>   
> @@ -2053,7 +2057,9 @@ static int neigh_reduce(struct net_device *dev, struct sk_buff *skb, __be32 vni)
>   		}
>   
>   		f = vxlan_find_mac_tx(vxlan, n->ha, vni);
> -		if (f && vxlan_addr_any(&(first_remote_rcu(f)->remote_ip))) {
> +		if (f)
> +			rdst = first_remote_rcu(f);
> +		if (rdst && vxlan_addr_any(&rdst->remote_ip)) {
>   			/* bridge-local neighbor */
>   			neigh_release(n);
>   			goto out;

Reviewed-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov <razor@blackwall.org>

[PATCH net 3/3] selftests: net: Add a selftest for VXLAN with FDB nexthop groups

[Ido Schimmel]

Add test cases for VXLAN with FDB nexthop groups, testing both IPv4 and
IPv6. Test basic Tx functionality as well as some corner cases.

Example output:

 # ./test_vxlan_nh.sh
 TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: IPv4 basic Tx                              [ OK ]
 TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: IPv6 basic Tx                              [ OK ]
 TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: learning                                   [ OK ]
 TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: IPv4 proxy                                 [ OK ]
 TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: IPv6 proxy                                 [ OK ]

Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile         |   1 +
 tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh | 223 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 224 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
index b31a71f2b372..c7e03e1d6f63 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS += bind_wildcard
 TEST_GEN_PROGS += bind_timewait
 TEST_PROGS += test_vxlan_mdb.sh
 TEST_PROGS += test_bridge_neigh_suppress.sh
+TEST_PROGS += test_vxlan_nh.sh
 TEST_PROGS += test_vxlan_nolocalbypass.sh
 TEST_PROGS += test_bridge_backup_port.sh
 TEST_PROGS += test_neigh.sh
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000000..20f3369f776b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+source lib.sh
+TESTS="
+	basic_tx_ipv4
+	basic_tx_ipv6
+	learning
+	proxy_ipv4
+	proxy_ipv6
+"
+VERBOSE=0
+
+################################################################################
+# Utilities
+
+run_cmd()
+{
+	local cmd="$1"
+	local out
+	local stderr="2>/dev/null"
+
+	if [ "$VERBOSE" = "1" ]; then
+		echo "COMMAND: $cmd"
+		stderr=
+	fi
+
+	out=$(eval "$cmd" "$stderr")
+	rc=$?
+	if [ "$VERBOSE" -eq 1 ] && [ -n "$out" ]; then
+		echo "    $out"
+	fi
+
+	return $rc
+}
+
+################################################################################
+# Cleanup
+
+exit_cleanup_all()
+{
+	cleanup_all_ns
+	exit "${EXIT_STATUS}"
+}
+
+################################################################################
+# Tests
+
+nh_stats_get()
+{
+	ip -n "$ns1" -s -j nexthop show id 10 | jq ".[][\"group_stats\"][][\"packets\"]"
+}
+
+tc_stats_get()
+{
+	tc_rule_handle_stats_get "dev dummy1 egress" 101 ".packets" "-n $ns1"
+}
+
+basic_tx_common()
+{
+	local af_str=$1; shift
+	local proto=$1; shift
+	local local_addr=$1; shift
+	local plen=$1; shift
+	local remote_addr=$1; shift
+
+	RET=0
+
+	# Test basic Tx functionality. Check that stats are incremented on
+	# both the FDB nexthop group and the egress device.
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 link add name dummy1 up type dummy"
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 route add $remote_addr/$plen dev dummy1"
+	run_cmd "tc -n $ns1 qdisc add dev dummy1 clsact"
+	run_cmd "tc -n $ns1 filter add dev dummy1 egress proto $proto pref 1 handle 101 flower ip_proto udp dst_ip $remote_addr dst_port 4789 action pass"
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 address add $local_addr/$plen dev lo"
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 nexthop add id 1 via $remote_addr fdb"
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb"
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local $local_addr dstport 4789"
+	run_cmd "bridge -n $ns1 fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static nhid 10"
+
+	run_cmd "ip netns exec $ns1 mausezahn vx0 -a own -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c 1 -q"
+
+	busywait "$BUSYWAIT_TIMEOUT" until_counter_is "== 1" nh_stats_get > /dev/null
+	check_err $? "FDB nexthop group stats did not increase"
+
+	busywait "$BUSYWAIT_TIMEOUT" until_counter_is "== 1" tc_stats_get > /dev/null
+	check_err $? "tc filter stats did not increase"
+
+	log_test "VXLAN FDB nexthop: $af_str basic Tx"
+}
+
+basic_tx_ipv4()
+{
+	basic_tx_common "IPv4" ipv4 192.0.2.1 32 192.0.2.2
+}
+
+basic_tx_ipv6()
+{
+	basic_tx_common "IPv6" ipv6 2001:db8:1::1 128 2001:db8:1::2
+}
+
+learning()
+{
+	RET=0
+
+	# When learning is enabled on the VXLAN device, an incoming packet
+	# might try to refresh an FDB entry that points to an FDB nexthop group
+	# instead of an ordinary remote destination. Check that the kernel does
+	# not crash in this situation.
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo"
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 address add 192.0.2.2/32 dev lo"
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.3 fdb"
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb"
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 12345 localbypass"
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 link add name vx1 up type vxlan id 10020 local 192.0.2.2 dstport 54321 learning"
+
+	run_cmd "bridge -n $ns1 fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static dst 192.0.2.2 port 54321 vni 10020"
+	run_cmd "bridge -n $ns1 fdb add 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee dev vx1 self static nhid 10"
+
+	run_cmd "ip netns exec $ns1 mausezahn vx0 -a 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c 1 -q"
+
+	log_test "VXLAN FDB nexthop: learning"
+}
+
+proxy_common()
+{
+	local af_str=$1; shift
+	local local_addr=$1; shift
+	local plen=$1; shift
+	local remote_addr=$1; shift
+	local neigh_addr=$1; shift
+	local ping_cmd=$1; shift
+
+	RET=0
+
+	# When the "proxy" option is enabled on the VXLAN device, the device
+	# will suppress ARP requests and IPv6 Neighbor Solicitation messages if
+	# it is able to reply on behalf of the remote host. That is, if a
+	# matching and valid neighbor entry is configured on the VXLAN device
+	# whose MAC address is not behind the "any" remote (0.0.0.0 / ::). The
+	# FDB entry for the neighbor's MAC address might point to an FDB
+	# nexthop group instead of an ordinary remote destination. Check that
+	# the kernel does not crash in this situation.
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 address add $local_addr/$plen dev lo"
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 nexthop add id 1 via $remote_addr fdb"
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb"
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local $local_addr dstport 4789 proxy"
+
+	run_cmd "ip -n $ns1 neigh add $neigh_addr lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 nud perm dev vx0"
+
+	run_cmd "bridge -n $ns1 fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static nhid 10"
+
+	run_cmd "ip netns exec $ns1 $ping_cmd"
+
+	log_test "VXLAN FDB nexthop: $af_str proxy"
+}
+
+proxy_ipv4()
+{
+	proxy_common "IPv4" 192.0.2.1 32 192.0.2.2 192.0.2.3 \
+		"arping -b -c 1 -s 192.0.2.1 -I vx0 192.0.2.3"
+}
+
+proxy_ipv6()
+{
+	proxy_common "IPv6" 2001:db8:1::1 128 2001:db8:1::2 2001:db8:1::3 \
+		"ndisc6 -r 1 -s 2001:db8:1::1 -w 1 2001:db8:1::3 vx0"
+}
+
+################################################################################
+# Usage
+
+usage()
+{
+	cat <<EOF
+usage: ${0##*/} OPTS
+
+        -t <test>   Test(s) to run (default: all)
+                    (options: $TESTS)
+        -p          Pause on fail
+        -v          Verbose mode (show commands and output)
+EOF
+}
+
+################################################################################
+# Main
+
+while getopts ":t:pvh" opt; do
+	case $opt in
+		t) TESTS=$OPTARG;;
+		p) PAUSE_ON_FAIL=yes;;
+		v) VERBOSE=$((VERBOSE + 1));;
+		h) usage; exit 0;;
+		*) usage; exit 1;;
+	esac
+done
+
+require_command mausezahn
+require_command arping
+require_command ndisc6
+require_command jq
+
+if ! ip nexthop help 2>&1 | grep -q "stats"; then
+	echo "SKIP: iproute2 ip too old, missing nexthop stats support"
+	exit "$ksft_skip"
+fi
+
+trap exit_cleanup_all EXIT
+
+for t in $TESTS
+do
+	setup_ns ns1; $t; cleanup_all_ns;
+done
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH net 3/3] selftests: net: Add a selftest for VXLAN with FDB nexthop groups

[Nikolay Aleksandrov]

On 9/1/25 09:50, Ido Schimmel wrote:
> Add test cases for VXLAN with FDB nexthop groups, testing both IPv4 and
> IPv6. Test basic Tx functionality as well as some corner cases.
> 
> Example output:
> 
>   # ./test_vxlan_nh.sh
>   TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: IPv4 basic Tx                              [ OK ]
>   TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: IPv6 basic Tx                              [ OK ]
>   TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: learning                                   [ OK ]
>   TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: IPv4 proxy                                 [ OK ]
>   TEST: VXLAN FDB nexthop: IPv6 proxy                                 [ OK ]
> 
> Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
> ---
>   tools/testing/selftests/net/Makefile         |   1 +
>   tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh | 223 +++++++++++++++++++
>   2 files changed, 224 insertions(+)
>   create mode 100755 tools/testing/selftests/net/test_vxlan_nh.sh
> 

Reviewed-by: Nikolay Aleksandrov <razor@blackwall.org>

Re: [PATCH net 0/3] vxlan: Fix NPDs when using nexthop objects

[patchwork-bot+netdevbpf]

Hello:

This series was applied to netdev/net.git (main)
by Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>:

On Mon, 1 Sep 2025 09:50:32 +0300 you wrote:
> With FDB nexthop groups, VXLAN FDB entries do not necessarily point to a
> remote destination but rather to an FDB nexthop group. This means that
> first_remote_{rcu,rtnl}() can return NULL and a few places in the driver
> were not ready for that, resulting in NULL pointer dereferences.
> Patches #1-#2 fix these NPDs.
> 
> Note that vxlan_fdb_find_uc() still dereferences the remote returned by
> first_remote_rcu() without checking that it is not NULL, but this
> function is only invoked by a single driver which vetoes the creation of
> FDB nexthop groups. I will patch this in net-next to make the code less
> fragile.
> 
> [...]

Here is the summary with links:
  - [net,1/3] vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object
    https://git.kernel.org/netdev/net/c/6ead38147ebb
  - [net,2/3] vxlan: Fix NPD in {arp,neigh}_reduce() when using nexthop objects
    https://git.kernel.org/netdev/net/c/1f5d2fd1ca04
  - [net,3/3] selftests: net: Add a selftest for VXLAN with FDB nexthop groups
    https://git.kernel.org/netdev/net/c/2c9fb925c2cc

You are awesome, thank you!
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