[PATCH net v3 0/2] net: Fix inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff for IPv6

[PATCH net v3 0/2] net: Fix inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff for IPv6

[Paul Chaignon]

This patchset fixes a bug that causes skb->csum to hold an incorrect
value when calling inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff for an IPv6 packet
in CHECKSUM_COMPLETE state. This bug affects BPF helper
bpf_l4_csum_replace and IPv6 ILA in adj-transport mode.

In those cases, inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff updates the L4 checksum
field after an IPv6 address change. These two changes cancel each other
in terms of checksum, so skb->csum shouldn't be updated.

Changes in v3:
  - Rebase.
  - Use proper tag for reference, per Paolo's suggestion.
Changes in v2:
  - For BPF, pass the new flag is_ipv6 to
    inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff directly instead of calling
    inet_proto_csum_replace16.
  - Document the new BPF helper flag.
  - Fix the usage of inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff in ILA in a
    separate patch.
  - Rebase on net tree.
  - Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/aCz84JU60wd8etiT@mail.gmail.com/

Paul Chaignon (2):
  net: Fix checksum update for ILA adj-transport
  bpf: Fix L4 csum update on IPv6 in CHECKSUM_COMPLETE

 include/net/checksum.h         | 2 +-
 include/uapi/linux/bpf.h       | 2 ++
 net/core/filter.c              | 5 +++--
 net/core/utils.c               | 4 ++--
 net/ipv6/ila/ila_common.c      | 6 +++---
 tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h | 2 ++
 6 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v3 1/2] net: Fix checksum update for ILA adj-transport

[Paul Chaignon]

During ILA address translations, the L4 checksums can be handled in
different ways. One of them, adj-transport, consist in parsing the
transport layer and updating any found checksum. This logic relies on
inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff and produces an incorrect skb->csum when
in state CHECKSUM_COMPLETE.

This bug can be reproduced with a simple ILA to SIR mapping, assuming
packets are received with CHECKSUM_COMPLETE:

  $ ip a show dev eth0
  14: eth0@if15: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
      link/ether 62:ae:35:9e:0f:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
      inet6 3333:0:0:1::c078/64 scope global
         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
      inet6 fd00:10:244:1::c078/128 scope global nodad
         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
      inet6 fe80::60ae:35ff:fe9e:f8d/64 scope link proto kernel_ll
         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  $ ip ila add loc_match fd00:10:244:1 loc 3333:0:0:1 \
      csum-mode adj-transport ident-type luid dev eth0

Then I hit [fd00:10:244:1::c078]:8000 with a server listening only on
[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000. With the bug, the SYN packet is dropped with
SKB_DROP_REASON_TCP_CSUM after inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff changed
skb->csum. The translation and drop are visible on pwru [1] traces:

  IFACE   TUPLE                                                        FUNC
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[fd00:10:244:1::c078]:8000(tcp)  ipv6_rcv
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[fd00:10:244:1::c078]:8000(tcp)  ip6_rcv_core
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[fd00:10:244:1::c078]:8000(tcp)  nf_hook_slow
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[fd00:10:244:1::c078]:8000(tcp)  inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     tcp_v6_early_demux
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     ip6_route_input
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     ip6_input
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     ip6_input_finish
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     ip6_protocol_deliver_rcu
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     raw6_local_deliver
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     ipv6_raw_deliver
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     tcp_v6_rcv
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     __skb_checksum_complete
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     kfree_skb_reason(SKB_DROP_REASON_TCP_CSUM)
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     skb_release_head_state
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     skb_release_data
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     skb_free_head
  eth0:9  [fd00:10:244:3::3d8]:51420->[3333:0:0:1::c078]:8000(tcp)     kfree_skbmem

This is happening because inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff is updating
skb->csum when it shouldn't. The L4 checksum is updated such that it
"cancels" the IPv6 address change in terms of checksum computation, so
the impact on skb->csum is null.

Note this would be different for an IPv4 packet since three fields
would be updated: the IPv4 address, the IP checksum, and the L4
checksum. Two would cancel each other and skb->csum would still need
to be updated to take the L4 checksum change into account.

This patch fixes it by passing an ipv6 flag to
inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff, to skip the skb->csum update if we're
in the IPv6 case. Note the behavior of the only other user of
inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff, the BPF subsystem, is left as is in
this patch and fixed in the subsequent patch.

With the fix, using the reproduction from above, I can confirm
skb->csum is not touched by inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff and the TCP
SYN proceeds to the application after the ILA translation.

Link: https://github.com/cilium/pwru [1]
Fixes: 65d7ab8de582 ("net: Identifier Locator Addressing module")
Signed-off-by: Paul Chaignon <paul.chaignon@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
---
 include/net/checksum.h    | 2 +-
 net/core/filter.c         | 2 +-
 net/core/utils.c          | 4 ++--
 net/ipv6/ila/ila_common.c | 6 +++---
 4 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/net/checksum.h b/include/net/checksum.h
index e57986b173f8..3cbab35de5ab 100644
--- a/include/net/checksum.h
+++ b/include/net/checksum.h
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ void inet_proto_csum_replace16(__sum16 *sum, struct sk_buff *skb,
 			       const __be32 *from, const __be32 *to,
 			       bool pseudohdr);
 void inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(__sum16 *sum, struct sk_buff *skb,
-				     __wsum diff, bool pseudohdr);
+				     __wsum diff, bool pseudohdr, bool ipv6);
 
 static __always_inline
 void inet_proto_csum_replace2(__sum16 *sum, struct sk_buff *skb,
diff --git a/net/core/filter.c b/net/core/filter.c
index ab456bf1056e..f1de7bd8b547 100644
--- a/net/core/filter.c
+++ b/net/core/filter.c
@@ -1987,7 +1987,7 @@ BPF_CALL_5(bpf_l4_csum_replace, struct sk_buff *, skb, u32, offset,
 		if (unlikely(from != 0))
 			return -EINVAL;
 
-		inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(ptr, skb, to, is_pseudo);
+		inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(ptr, skb, to, is_pseudo, false);
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		inet_proto_csum_replace2(ptr, skb, from, to, is_pseudo);
diff --git a/net/core/utils.c b/net/core/utils.c
index e47feeaa5a49..5e63b0ea21f3 100644
--- a/net/core/utils.c
+++ b/net/core/utils.c
@@ -473,11 +473,11 @@ void inet_proto_csum_replace16(__sum16 *sum, struct sk_buff *skb,
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(inet_proto_csum_replace16);
 
 void inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(__sum16 *sum, struct sk_buff *skb,
-				     __wsum diff, bool pseudohdr)
+				     __wsum diff, bool pseudohdr, bool ipv6)
 {
 	if (skb->ip_summed != CHECKSUM_PARTIAL) {
 		csum_replace_by_diff(sum, diff);
-		if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_COMPLETE && pseudohdr)
+		if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_COMPLETE && pseudohdr && !ipv6)
 			skb->csum = ~csum_sub(diff, skb->csum);
 	} else if (pseudohdr) {
 		*sum = ~csum_fold(csum_add(diff, csum_unfold(*sum)));
diff --git a/net/ipv6/ila/ila_common.c b/net/ipv6/ila/ila_common.c
index 95e9146918cc..b8d43ed4689d 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/ila/ila_common.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/ila/ila_common.c
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ static void ila_csum_adjust_transport(struct sk_buff *skb,
 
 			diff = get_csum_diff(ip6h, p);
 			inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(&th->check, skb,
-							diff, true);
+							diff, true, true);
 		}
 		break;
 	case NEXTHDR_UDP:
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ static void ila_csum_adjust_transport(struct sk_buff *skb,
 			if (uh->check || skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_PARTIAL) {
 				diff = get_csum_diff(ip6h, p);
 				inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(&uh->check, skb,
-								diff, true);
+								diff, true, true);
 				if (!uh->check)
 					uh->check = CSUM_MANGLED_0;
 			}
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ static void ila_csum_adjust_transport(struct sk_buff *skb,
 
 			diff = get_csum_diff(ip6h, p);
 			inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(&ih->icmp6_cksum, skb,
-							diff, true);
+							diff, true, true);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH net v3 2/2] bpf: Fix L4 csum update on IPv6 in CHECKSUM_COMPLETE

[Paul Chaignon]

In Cilium, we use bpf_csum_diff + bpf_l4_csum_replace to, among other
things, update the L4 checksum after reverse SNATing IPv6 packets. That
use case is however not currently supported and leads to invalid
skb->csum values in some cases. This patch adds support for IPv6 address
changes in bpf_l4_csum_update via a new flag.

When calling bpf_l4_csum_replace in Cilium, it ends up calling
inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff:

    1:  void inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(__sum16 *sum, struct sk_buff *skb,
    2:                                       __wsum diff, bool pseudohdr)
    3:  {
    4:      if (skb->ip_summed != CHECKSUM_PARTIAL) {
    5:          csum_replace_by_diff(sum, diff);
    6:          if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_COMPLETE && pseudohdr)
    7:              skb->csum = ~csum_sub(diff, skb->csum);
    8:      } else if (pseudohdr) {
    9:          *sum = ~csum_fold(csum_add(diff, csum_unfold(*sum)));
    10:     }
    11: }

The bug happens when we're in the CHECKSUM_COMPLETE state. We've just
updated one of the IPv6 addresses. The helper now updates the L4 header
checksum on line 5. Next, it updates skb->csum on line 7. It shouldn't.

For an IPv6 packet, the updates of the IPv6 address and of the L4
checksum will cancel each other. The checksums are set such that
computing a checksum over the packet including its checksum will result
in a sum of 0. So the same is true here when we update the L4 checksum
on line 5. We'll update it as to cancel the previous IPv6 address
update. Hence skb->csum should remain untouched in this case.

The same bug doesn't affect IPv4 packets because, in that case, three
fields are updated: the IPv4 address, the IP checksum, and the L4
checksum. The change to the IPv4 address and one of the checksums still
cancel each other in skb->csum, but we're left with one checksum update
and should therefore update skb->csum accordingly. That's exactly what
inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff does.

This special case for IPv6 L4 checksums is also described atop
inet_proto_csum_replace16, the function we should be using in this case.

This patch introduces a new bpf_l4_csum_replace flag, BPF_F_IPV6,
to indicate that we're updating the L4 checksum of an IPv6 packet. When
the flag is set, inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff will skip the
skb->csum update.

Fixes: 7d672345ed295 ("bpf: add generic bpf_csum_diff helper")
Signed-off-by: Paul Chaignon <paul.chaignon@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
---
 include/uapi/linux/bpf.h       | 2 ++
 net/core/filter.c              | 5 +++--
 tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h | 2 ++
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
index 85180e4aaa5a..0b4a2f124d11 100644
--- a/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
@@ -2056,6 +2056,7 @@ union bpf_attr {
  * 		for updates resulting in a null checksum the value is set to
  * 		**CSUM_MANGLED_0** instead. Flag **BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR** indicates
  * 		that the modified header field is part of the pseudo-header.
+ * 		Flag **BPF_F_IPV6** should be set for IPv6 packets.
  *
  * 		This helper works in combination with **bpf_csum_diff**\ (),
  * 		which does not update the checksum in-place, but offers more
@@ -6072,6 +6073,7 @@ enum {
 	BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR		= (1ULL << 4),
 	BPF_F_MARK_MANGLED_0		= (1ULL << 5),
 	BPF_F_MARK_ENFORCE		= (1ULL << 6),
+	BPF_F_IPV6			= (1ULL << 7),
 };
 
 /* BPF_FUNC_skb_set_tunnel_key and BPF_FUNC_skb_get_tunnel_key flags. */
diff --git a/net/core/filter.c b/net/core/filter.c
index f1de7bd8b547..327ca73f9cd7 100644
--- a/net/core/filter.c
+++ b/net/core/filter.c
@@ -1968,10 +1968,11 @@ BPF_CALL_5(bpf_l4_csum_replace, struct sk_buff *, skb, u32, offset,
 	bool is_pseudo = flags & BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR;
 	bool is_mmzero = flags & BPF_F_MARK_MANGLED_0;
 	bool do_mforce = flags & BPF_F_MARK_ENFORCE;
+	bool is_ipv6   = flags & BPF_F_IPV6;
 	__sum16 *ptr;
 
 	if (unlikely(flags & ~(BPF_F_MARK_MANGLED_0 | BPF_F_MARK_ENFORCE |
-			       BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR | BPF_F_HDR_FIELD_MASK)))
+			       BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR | BPF_F_HDR_FIELD_MASK | BPF_F_IPV6)))
 		return -EINVAL;
 	if (unlikely(offset > 0xffff || offset & 1))
 		return -EFAULT;
@@ -1987,7 +1988,7 @@ BPF_CALL_5(bpf_l4_csum_replace, struct sk_buff *, skb, u32, offset,
 		if (unlikely(from != 0))
 			return -EINVAL;
 
-		inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(ptr, skb, to, is_pseudo, false);
+		inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff(ptr, skb, to, is_pseudo, is_ipv6);
 		break;
 	case 2:
 		inet_proto_csum_replace2(ptr, skb, from, to, is_pseudo);
diff --git a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
index 85180e4aaa5a..0b4a2f124d11 100644
--- a/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
@@ -2056,6 +2056,7 @@ union bpf_attr {
  * 		for updates resulting in a null checksum the value is set to
  * 		**CSUM_MANGLED_0** instead. Flag **BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR** indicates
  * 		that the modified header field is part of the pseudo-header.
+ * 		Flag **BPF_F_IPV6** should be set for IPv6 packets.
  *
  * 		This helper works in combination with **bpf_csum_diff**\ (),
  * 		which does not update the checksum in-place, but offers more
@@ -6072,6 +6073,7 @@ enum {
 	BPF_F_PSEUDO_HDR		= (1ULL << 4),
 	BPF_F_MARK_MANGLED_0		= (1ULL << 5),
 	BPF_F_MARK_ENFORCE		= (1ULL << 6),
+	BPF_F_IPV6			= (1ULL << 7),
 };
 
 /* BPF_FUNC_skb_set_tunnel_key and BPF_FUNC_skb_get_tunnel_key flags. */
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH net v3 0/2] net: Fix inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff for IPv6

[patchwork-bot+netdevbpf]

Hello:

This series was applied to netdev/net.git (main)
by Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>:

On Thu, 29 May 2025 12:27:40 +0200 you wrote:
> This patchset fixes a bug that causes skb->csum to hold an incorrect
> value when calling inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff for an IPv6 packet
> in CHECKSUM_COMPLETE state. This bug affects BPF helper
> bpf_l4_csum_replace and IPv6 ILA in adj-transport mode.
> 
> In those cases, inet_proto_csum_replace_by_diff updates the L4 checksum
> field after an IPv6 address change. These two changes cancel each other
> in terms of checksum, so skb->csum shouldn't be updated.
> 
> [...]

Here is the summary with links:
  - [net,v3,1/2] net: Fix checksum update for ILA adj-transport
    https://git.kernel.org/netdev/net/c/6043b794c766
  - [net,v3,2/2] bpf: Fix L4 csum update on IPv6 in CHECKSUM_COMPLETE
    https://git.kernel.org/netdev/net/c/ead7f9b8de65

You are awesome, thank you!
-- 
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