Re: [PATCH v7 6/7] rust: Introduce iosys_map bindings

Deborah Brouwer
2026-03-06T20:59:43Z

On Wed, Mar 04, 2026 at 05:59:18PM -0500, lyude@redhat.com wrote:
> Hey! Sorry for the long delay in response
>
> Would you mind sending me the size/offset numbers you used here? My
> unit tests should have caught issues like this, so if they're happening
> I definitely should add it to the testcases I've got to make sure
> there's no problems

Sure, here's some more details of the firmware sections I am loading:

user@trixie:~$ dmesg | grep -i tyr
[ 34.380056] tyr fb000000.gpu: supply sram not found, using dummy regulator
[ 34.392969] tyr fb000000.gpu: mali-g610 id 0xa867 major 0x0 minor 0x0 status 0x5
[ 34.393625] tyr fb000000.gpu: Features: L2:0x7120306 Tiler:0x809 Mem:0x301 MMU:0x2830 AS:0xff
[ 34.394408] tyr fb000000.gpu: shader_present=0x0000000000050005 l2_present=0x0000000000000001 tiler_present=0x0000000000000001
[ 34.400801] tyr: Firmware protected mode entry not supported, ignoring
[ 34.401265] tyr: fw: Section 0
[ 34.403324] tyr: fw: init_section_mem()
[ 34.403331] tyr: Base address of vmap: 0xffff800081c7f000
[ 34.403936] tyr: Size of allocated GEM buffer object (mem.bo.size()): 0x1000
[ 34.405314] tyr: Firmware data length: 0x7c
[ 34.406627] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x0, byte: 0x0
[ 34.407262] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x1, byte: 0x0
[ 34.407901] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x2, byte: 0x3
[ 34.408996] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x3, byte: 0x2
[ 34.410050] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x4, byte: 0x8d
[ 34.410858] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x5, byte: 0x1f
[ 34.411940] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x6, byte: 0x80
[ 34.412857] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x7, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413747] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x8, byte: 0x51
[ 34.413752] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x9, byte: 0x20
[ 34.413924] tyr: fw: Section 1
[ 34.413940] tyr: fw: init_section_mem()
[ 34.413943] tyr: Base address of vmap: 0xffff800081d1f000
[ 34.413947] tyr: Size of allocated GEM buffer object (mem.bo.size()): 0x2000
[ 34.413950] tyr: Firmware data length: 0x12dc
[ 34.413952] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x0, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413955] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x1, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413958] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x2, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413961] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x3, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413964] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x4, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413967] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x5, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413969] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x6, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413972] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x7, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413975] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x8, byte: 0x0
[ 34.413977] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x9, byte: 0x0
[ 34.414043] tyr: fw: Section 2
[ 34.414050] tyr: fw: init_section_mem()
[ 34.414052] tyr: Base address of vmap: 0xffff800081d13000
[ 34.414055] tyr: Size of allocated GEM buffer object (mem.bo.size()): 0x1000
[ 34.414058] tyr: Firmware data length: 0x7c
[ 34.414061] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x0, byte: 0x0
[ 34.414064] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x1, byte: 0x0
[ 34.414066] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x2, byte: 0x3
[ 34.414069] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x3, byte: 0x2
[ 34.414072] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x4, byte: 0x8d
[ 34.414074] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x5, byte: 0x1f
[ 34.414077] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x6, byte: 0x80
[ 34.414080] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x7, byte: 0x0
[ 34.414082] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x8, byte: 0x51
[ 34.414085] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x9, byte: 0x20
[ 34.414346] tyr: fw: Section 3
[ 34.414358] tyr: fw: init_section_mem()
[ 34.414361] tyr: Base address of vmap: 0xffff800083330000
[ 34.414364] tyr: Size of allocated GEM buffer object (mem.bo.size()): 0x20000
[ 34.414367] tyr: Firmware data length: 0x12ff0
[ 34.414370] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x0, byte: 0xdf
[ 34.414372] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x1, byte: 0xf8
[ 34.414375] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x2, byte: 0xc
[ 34.414378] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x3, byte: 0xd0
[ 34.414381] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x4, byte: 0x2
[ 34.414384] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x5, byte: 0xf0
[ 34.414386] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x6, byte: 0x82
[ 34.414389] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x7, byte: 0xfb
[ 34.414392] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x8, byte: 0x0
[ 34.414395] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x9, byte: 0x48
[ 34.415676] tyr: fw: Section 4
[ 34.446336] tyr: fw: init_section_mem()
[ 34.446345] tyr: Base address of vmap: 0xffff8000833a0000
[ 34.447001] tyr: Size of allocated GEM buffer object (mem.bo.size()): 0x40000
[ 34.447907] tyr: Firmware data length: 0x2b118
[ 34.449505] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x0, byte: 0x0
[ 34.450342] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x1, byte: 0x0
[ 34.451308] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x2, byte: 0x0
[ 34.452244] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x3, byte: 0x0
[ 34.453177] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x4, byte: 0x0
[ 34.454122] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x5, byte: 0x30
[ 34.455382] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x6, byte: 0x0
[ 34.457468] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x7, byte: 0x4
[ 34.458417] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x8, byte: 0x0
[ 34.459111] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x9, byte: 0x70
[ 34.461295] tyr: fw: Section 5
[ 34.462043] tyr: fw: init_section_mem()
[ 34.462046] tyr: Base address of vmap: 0xffff8000833e1000
[ 34.462873] tyr: Size of allocated GEM buffer object (mem.bo.size()): 0x40000
[ 34.463793] tyr: Firmware data length: 0x2b118
[ 34.465285] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x0, byte: 0x0
[ 34.466230] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x1, byte: 0x0
[ 34.467201] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x2, byte: 0x0
[ 34.468119] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x3, byte: 0x0
[ 34.469064] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x4, byte: 0x0
[ 34.470006] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x5, byte: 0x30
[ 34.471145] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x6, byte: 0x0
[ 34.471901] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x7, byte: 0x4
[ 34.472846] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x8, byte: 0x0
[ 34.473597] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x9, byte: 0x70
[ 34.475292] tyr: fw: Section 6
[ 34.475752] tyr: fw: init_section_mem()
[ 34.475756] tyr: Base address of vmap: 0xffff800083422000
[ 34.476570] tyr: Size of allocated GEM buffer object (mem.bo.size()): 0xc000
[ 34.477042] tyr: Firmware data length: 0x2000
[ 34.478676] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x0, byte: 0x0
[ 34.479459] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x1, byte: 0x0
[ 34.479462] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x2, byte: 0x0
[ 34.479465] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x3, byte: 0x0
[ 34.479468] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x4, byte: 0x0
[ 34.479471] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x5, byte: 0x0
[ 34.482247] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x6, byte: 0x0
[ 34.482820] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x7, byte: 0x0
[ 34.483289] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x8, byte: 0x0
[ 34.483291] tyr: fw: try_write8 - offset: 0x9, byte: 0x20
[ 34.507842] tyr fb000000.gpu: Tyr initialized correctly.

Here's a link to the commit where I added these print statements
if you would like to see more context:
https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/dbrouwer/linux/-/commit/2232b848a9ceef681382159c9b1471e6df0c00d6

Let me know if I can help more or test anything.

Thanks,
Deborah

>
> On Thu, 2026-02-12 at 17:59 -0800, Deborah Brouwer wrote:
> > Hi Lyude,
> >
> > On Fri, Feb 06, 2026 at 05:34:30PM -0500, Lyude Paul wrote:
> > > This introduces a set of bindings for working with iosys_map in
> > > rust code
> > > using the new Io traits.
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Lyude Paul <lyude@redhat.com>
> > >
> > > ---
> > > V5:
> > > - Fix incorrect field size being passed to iosys_map_memcpy_to()
> > > - Add an additional unit test, basic_macro(), which can
> > > successfully catch
> > >   the above issue so it doesn't happen again in the future.
> > > V6:
> > > - Drop as_slice/as_mut_slice (Alice Rhyl)
> > > V7:
> > > - Start using Alexandre Courbot's wonderful Io, IoCapable and
> > > IoKnownSize
> > >   traits instead of trying to roll our own IO accessors. This also
> > > changes
> > >   the following:
> > >   - We don't have a custom AsBytes/FromBytes type that we carry
> > > around any
> > >     longer with maps
> > >   - We now have optional compile-time size checking
> > >   - We don't need our own unit tests anymore
> > >   - RawIoSysMap can be used for unsafe IO operations, because why
> > > not.
> > >   - IoSysMapRef::new() can fail now since it needs to ensure SIZE
> > > is valid.
> > >   - We don't implement Deref<RawIoSysMap> for IoSysMapRef any
> > > longer. The
> > >     main reason for this is that we want to avoid users having to
> > > manually
> > >     specify if they want the RawIoSysMap or IoSysMapRef variant
> > > functions
> > >     like io_read()/io_write().
> > >     This is fine IMHO, but to make sure things remain easy for APIs
> > > that
> > >     wrap around iosys map we make IoSysMapRef.raw_map pub(crate).
> > >
> > >  rust/helpers/helpers.c   |   1 +
> > >  rust/helpers/iosys_map.c |  34 +++++++
> > >  rust/kernel/iosys_map.rs | 211
> > > +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > >  rust/kernel/lib.rs       |   1 +
> > >  4 files changed, 247 insertions(+)
> > >  create mode 100644 rust/helpers/iosys_map.c
> > >  create mode 100644 rust/kernel/iosys_map.rs
> > >
> > > diff --git a/rust/helpers/helpers.c b/rust/helpers/helpers.c
> > > index 1d3333cc0d2a8..bd8ad237aa02e 100644
> > > --- a/rust/helpers/helpers.c
> > > +++ b/rust/helpers/helpers.c
> > > @@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
> > >  #include "irq.c"
> > >  #include "fs.c"
> > >  #include "io.c"
> > > +#include "iosys_map.c"
> > >  #include "jump_label.c"
> > >  #include "kunit.c"
> > >  #include "maple_tree.c"
> > > diff --git a/rust/helpers/iosys_map.c b/rust/helpers/iosys_map.c
> > > new file mode 100644
> > > index 0000000000000..6861d4ec48a4b
> > > --- /dev/null
> > > +++ b/rust/helpers/iosys_map.c
> > > @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
> > > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > > +
> > > +#include <linux/iosys-map.h>
> > > +#include <linux/types.h>
> > > +
> > > +#define
> > > rust_iosys_map_rd(type__)
> > >              \
> > > + __rust_helper
> > > type__                                                            \
> > > + rust_helper_iosys_map_rd_ ## type__(const struct iosys_map
> > > *map, size_t offset) \
> > > + {
> > >                       \
> > > + return iosys_map_rd(map, offset,
> > > type__);                               \
> > > + }
> > > +#define
> > > rust_iosys_map_wr(type__)
> > >              \
> > > + __rust_helper
> > > void                                                              \
> > > + rust_helper_iosys_map_wr_ ## type__(const struct iosys_map
> > > *map, size_t offset, \
> > > +     type__
> > > value)                               \
> > > + {
> > >                       \
> > > + iosys_map_wr(map, offset, type__,
> > > value);                               \
> > > + }
> > > +
> > > +rust_iosys_map_rd(u8);
> > > +rust_iosys_map_rd(u16);
> > > +rust_iosys_map_rd(u32);
> > > +
> > > +rust_iosys_map_wr(u8);
> > > +rust_iosys_map_wr(u16);
> > > +rust_iosys_map_wr(u32);
> > > +
> > > +#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
> > > +rust_iosys_map_rd(u64);
> > > +rust_iosys_map_wr(u64);
> > > +#endif
> > > +
> > > +#undef rust_iosys_map_rd
> > > +#undef rust_iosys_map_wr
> > > diff --git a/rust/kernel/iosys_map.rs b/rust/kernel/iosys_map.rs
> > > new file mode 100644
> > > index 0000000000000..2070f0fb42cb8
> > > --- /dev/null
> > > +++ b/rust/kernel/iosys_map.rs
> > > @@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
> > > +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> > > +
> > > +//! IO-agnostic memory mapping interfaces.
> > > +//!
> > > +//! This crate provides bindings for the `struct iosys_map` type,
> > > which provides a common interface
> > > +//! for memory mappings which can reside within coherent memory,
> > > or within IO memory.
> > > +//!
> > > +//! C header: [`include/linux/iosys-
> > > map.h`](srctree/include/linux/pci.h)
> > > +
> > > +use crate::{
> > > +    error::code::*,
> > > +    io::{
> > > +        Io,
> > > +        IoCapable,
> > > +        IoKnownSize, //
> > > +    },
> > > +    prelude::*, //
> > > +};
> > > +use bindings;
> > > +use core::marker::PhantomData;
> > > +
> > > +/// Raw unsized representation of a `struct iosys_map`.
> > > +///
> > > +/// This struct is a transparent wrapper around `struct
> > > iosys_map`. The C API does not provide the
> > > +/// size of the mapping by default, and thus this type also does
> > > not include the size of the
> > > +/// mapping. As such, it cannot be used for actually accessing the
> > > underlying data pointed to by the
> > > +/// mapping.
> > > +///
> > > +/// With the exception of kernel crates which may provide their
> > > own wrappers around `RawIoSysMap`,
> > > +/// users will typically not interact with this type directly.
> > > +#[repr(transparent)]
> > > +pub struct RawIoSysMap<const SIZE: usize =
> > > 0>(bindings::iosys_map);
> > > +
> > > +impl<const SIZE: usize> RawIoSysMap<SIZE> {
> > > +    /// Convert from a raw `bindings::iosys_map`.
> > > +    #[expect(unused)]
> > > +    #[inline]
> > > +    pub(crate) fn from_raw(val: bindings::iosys_map) -> Self {
> > > +        Self(val)
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    /// Returns whether the mapping is within IO memory space or
> > > not.
> > > +    #[inline]
> > > +    pub fn is_iomem(&self) -> bool {
> > > +        self.0.is_iomem
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    /// Convert from a `RawIoSysMap<SIZE>` to a raw
> > > `bindings::iosys_map` ref.
> > > +    #[expect(unused)]
> > > +    #[inline]
> > > +    pub(crate) fn as_raw(&self) -> &bindings::iosys_map {
> > > +        &self.0
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    /// Convert from a `RawIoSysMap<SIZE>` to a raw mutable
> > > `bindings::iosys_map` ref.
> > > +    #[allow(unused)]
> > > +    #[inline]
> > > +    pub(crate) fn as_raw_mut(&mut self) -> &mut
> > > bindings::iosys_map {
> > > +        &mut self.0
> > > +    }
> > > +
> > > +    /// Returns the address pointed to by this iosys map.
> > > +    ///
> > > +    /// Note that this address is not guaranteed to be valid, and
> > > may or may not reside in I/O
> > > +    /// memory.
> > > +    #[inline]
> > > +    pub fn addr(&self) -> usize {
> > > +        (if self.is_iomem() {
> > > +            // SAFETY: We confirmed above that this iosys map is
> > > contained within iomem, so it's
> > > +            // safe to read vaddr_iomem
> > > +            unsafe { self.0.__bindgen_anon_1.vaddr_iomem }
> > > +        } else {
> > > +            // SAFETY: We confirmed above that this iosys map is
> > > not contaned within iomem, so it's
> > > +            // safe to read vaddr.
> > > +            unsafe { self.0.__bindgen_anon_1.vaddr }
> > > +        }) as usize
> > > +    }
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +// SAFETY: As we make no guarantees about the validity of the
> > > mapping, there's no issue with sending
> > > +// this type between threads.
> > > +unsafe impl<const SIZE: usize> Send for RawIoSysMap<SIZE> {}
> > > +
> > > +impl<const SIZE: usize> Clone for RawIoSysMap<SIZE> {
> > > +    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
> > > +        Self(self.0)
> > > +    }
> > > +}
> > > +
> > > +macro_rules! impl_raw_iosys_map_io_capable {
> > > +    ($ty:ty, $read_fn:ident, $write_fn:ident) => {
> > > +        impl<const SIZE: usize> IoCapable<$ty> for
> > > RawIoSysMap<SIZE> {
> > > +            #[inline(always)]
> > > +            unsafe fn io_read(&self, address: usize) -> $ty {
> > > +                // SAFETY: By the trait invariant `address` is a
> > > valid address for iosys map
> > > +                // operations.
> > > +                unsafe { bindings::$read_fn(&self.0, address) }
> > > +            }
> > > +
> > > +            #[inline(always)]
> > > +            unsafe fn io_write(&self, value: $ty, address: usize)
> > > {
> > > +                // SAFETY: By the trait invariant `address` is a
> > > valid address for iosys map
> > > +                // operations.
> > > +                unsafe { bindings::$write_fn(&self.0, address,
> > > value) };
> > > +            }
> > > +        }
> > > +    };
> > > +}
> > > +
> >
> > I think there might be a mismatch between the absolute address being
> > passed to these read and write functions and the bindings helpers
> > that expect an offset argument.
> >
> > This crashed Tyr when I tried to write the firmware in u8 chunks at
> > incremental offsets. But if i just calculated the offset and passed
> > that
> > instead of the absolute address, this worked fine:
> >
> >   let offset = address - self.addr();
> >   unsafe { bindings::$write_fn(&self.0, offset, value) };
> >
> > Here's some of the call trace:
> >
> > [   31.553727] tyr fb000000.gpu: supply sram not found, using dummy
> > regulator
> > [   31.555096] tyr fb000000.gpu: mali-unknown id 0xa867 major 0x67
> > minor 0x0 status 0x5
> > [   31.555778] tyr fb000000.gpu: Features: L2:0x7120306 Tiler:0x809
> > Mem:0x301 MMU:0x2830 AS:0xff
> > [   31.556521] tyr fb000000.gpu: shader_present=0x0000000000050005
> > l2_present=0x0000000000000001 tiler_present=0x0000000000000001
> > [   31.557868] stackdepot: allocating hash table of 524288 entries
> > via kvcalloc
> > [  OK  ] Started systemd-tmpfiles-clean.tim…y Cleanup of Temporary
> > Directories.
> > [   31.562424] stackdepot: allocating space for 8192 stack pools via
> > kvcalloc
> > [  OK  ] Reached target timers.target - Timer Units.
> > [   31.563676] tyr: Firmware protected mode entry not supported,
> > ignoring
> > [   31.571391] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual
> > address 0000000000800069
> > [   31.572762] Mem abort info:
> > [   31.573027]   ESR = 0x0000000096000021
> > [   31.573402]   EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
> > [   31.573878]   SET = 0, FnV = 0
> > [   31.574157]   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
> > [   31.574442]   FSC = 0x21: alignment fault
> > [  OK  ] Listening on dbus.socket - D-Bus System Message Bus Socket.
> > [   31.593348] Data abort info:
> > [   31.593628]   ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000021, ISS2 = 0x00000000
> > [   31.594117]   CM = 0, WnR = 0, TnD = 0, TagAccess = 0
> > [   31.594567]   GCS = 0, Overlay = 0, DirtyBit = 0, Xs = 0
> > [   31.595042] user pgtable: 4k pages, 48-bit VAs,
> > pgdp=0000000105e50000
> > [   31.595613] [0000000000800069] pgd=0000000000000000,
> > p4d=0000000000000000
> > [   31.596434] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000021 [#1]  SMP
> > [   31.596936] Modules linked in: snd tyr(+) soundcore sha256
> > cfg80211 rfkill pci_endpoint_test fuse dm_mod ipv6
> > [   31.597830] CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 241 Comm: (udev-worker) Not tainted
> > 6.19.0-rc5 #282 PREEMPT
> > [   31.598561] Hardware name: Radxa ROCK 5B (DT)
> > [   31.598944] pstate: 00400009 (nzcv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS
> > BTYPE=--)
> > [   31.599554] pc : __d_lookup_rcu+0xbc/0x168
> > [   31.599921] lr : __d_lookup_rcu+0x60/0x168
> > [   31.600283] sp : ffff800081ebba00
> > [   31.600574] x29: ffff800081ebba00 x28: 0000000000000049 x27:
> > ffff00010d07002b
> > [   31.601205] x26: 0000000000000081 x25: 000000000006915e x24:
> > ffff0002f6600000
> > [   31.601848] x23: ffff00010396a040 x22: ffff000102098460 x21:
> > 000000036915e207
> > [   31.601859] x20: ffff000101e10af8 x19: ffff800081ebbcac x18:
> > 2f64662f666c6573
> > [   31.601867] x17: ffffff00666c6573 x16: 00000000fffffffc x15:
> > 0000000000003431
> > [   31.601875] x14: 000000000000000f x13: 0080205100800107 x12:
> > 0000000000800069
> > [   31.601882] x11: ffffffffffffffff x10: 0000000000000018 x9 :
> > 0000000000000003
> > [   31.601890] x8 : 00000000008000a1 x7 : ffffb9d13df173c8 x6 :
> > 0000000000000000
> > [   31.601897] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000010 x3 :
> > ffffffffffff0a00
> > [   31.601905] x2 : ffff800081ebbcac x1 : ffffb9d1406be718 x0 :
> > 0000000000000001
> > [   31.601913] Call trace:
> > [   31.601915]  __d_lookup_rcu+0xbc/0x168 (P)
> > [   31.601922]  lookup_fast+0x98/0x174
> > [   31.601929]  link_path_walk+0x280/0x528
> > [   31.601935]  path_lookupat+0x60/0x1f0
> > [   31.601941]  do_o_path+0x34/0xb4
> > [   31.601947]  path_openat+0xccc/0xe34
> > [   31.601953]  do_filp_open+0xc0/0x170
> > [   31.601958]  do_sys_openat2+0x88/0x10c
> > [   31.601963]  __arm64_sys_openat+0x70/0x9c
> > [   31.601968]  invoke_syscall+0x40/0xcc
> > [   31.601974]  el0_svc_common+0x80/0xd8
> > [   31.601979]  do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28
> > [   31.601984]  el0_svc+0x54/0x1d4
> > [   31.601991]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0x12c
> > [   31.601997]  el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c
> > [   31.602005] Code: 14000003 f9400108 b4000428 d100e10c (88dffd8c)
> > [   31.602009] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
> > [  OK  ] Listening on sshd-unix-local.socke…temd-ssh-generator,
> > AF_UNIX Local).
> > [   31.620067] mc: Linux media interface: v0.10
> > [   31.623483] [drm] Initialized panthor 1.5.0 for fb000000.gpu on
> > minor 0
> > [   31.623765] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual
> > address 00802a4d0080284d
> > [   31.624285] tyr fb000000.gpu: Tyr initialized correctly.
> > [   31.624752] Mem abort info:
> > [   31.624754]   ESR = 0x0000000096000004
> > [   31.625847]   EC = 0x25: DABT (current EL), IL = 32 bits
> > [   31.626310]   SET = 0, FnV = 0
> > [   31.626578]   EA = 0, S1PTW = 0
> > [   31.626853]   FSC = 0x04: level 0 translation fault
> > [   31.627277] Data abort info:
> > [   31.627529]   ISV = 0, ISS = 0x00000004, ISS2 = 0x00000000
> > [   31.628006]   CM = 0, WnR = 0, TnD = 0, TagAccess = 0
> > [   31.628447]   GCS = 0, Overlay = 0, DirtyBit = 0, Xs = 0
> > [   31.628910] [00802a4d0080284d] address between user and kernel
> > address ranges
> > [   31.629535] Internal error: Oops: 0000000096000004 [#2]  SMP
> > [   31.630030] Modules linked in: mc drm_client_lib snd tyr soundcore
> > sha256 cfg80211 rfkill pci_endpoint_test fuse dm_mod ipv6
> > [   31.631017] CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 225 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted:
> > G      D             6.19.0-rc5 #282 PREEMPT
> > [   31.631877] Tainted: [D]=DIE
> > [   31.632129] Hardware name: Radxa ROCK 5B (DT)
> > [   31.632506] pstate: a0400009 (NzCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS
> > BTYPE=--)
> > [   31.633111] pc : ___d_drop+0xd8/0x144
> > [   31.633433] lr : d_invalidate+0x3c/0x110
> > [   31.633776] sp : ffff800081d3ba70
> > [   31.634064] x29: ffff800081d3ba90 x28: 0000000000000001 x27:
> > ffffb9d140bfa000
> > [   31.634685] x26: ffff0001039b5108 x25: ffff00010396a000 x24:
> > ffffb9d140166275
> > [   31.635305] x23: ffffb9d140bfa000 x22: ffffb9d140152f3a x21:
> > ffff000104076000
> > [   31.635925] x20: ffff00010e520098 x19: ffff00010396a000 x18:
> > 0000000000000000
> > [   31.636545] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: 0000000000000000 x15:
> > 0000000000000000
> > [   31.637165] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: ffff00010792b8f0 x12:
> > 000000000000017a
> > [   31.637785] x11: 00000000008000a1 x10: 00802a4d0080284d x9 :
> > ffff0002f6604010
> > [   31.638405] x8 : ffff000105bfcd40 x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 :
> > ffffb9d13e272c60
> > [   31.639026] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : 0000000000000001 x3 :
> > 0000000000000000
> > [   31.639646] x2 : 0000000000000000 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 :
> > ffff00010396a000
> > [   31.640266] Call trace:
> > [   31.640479]  ___d_drop+0xd8/0x144 (P)
> > [   31.640800]  d_invalidate+0x3c/0x110
> > [   31.641113]  proc_invalidate_siblings_dcache+0x244/0x2b8
> > [   31.641577]  proc_flush_pid+0x1c/0x28
> > [   31.641897]  release_task+0x560/0x668
> > [   31.642218]  wait_consider_task+0x5a0/0xb44
> > [   31.642582]  __do_wait+0x154/0x1f0
> > [   31.642879]  do_wait+0x84/0x16c
> > [   31.643154]  __arm64_sys_waitid+0xac/0x218
> > [   31.643512]  invoke_syscall+0x40/0xcc
> > [   31.643833]  el0_svc_common+0x80/0xd8
> > [   31.644152]  do_el0_svc+0x1c/0x28
> > [   31.644441]  el0_svc+0x54/0x1d4
> > [   31.644718]  el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0x12c
> > [   31.645090]  el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c
> > [   31.645412] Code: 5280002a f85f83a0 17fffff1 a944280b (f940014c)
> > [   31.645941] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
> >
> > thanks,
> > Deborah
>