qemu-devel.nongnu.org archive mirror
 help / color / mirror / Atom feed
* [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
@ 2005-12-31 20:20 Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-03 21:49 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-07 13:34 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2005-12-31 20:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

Hi.

The options of qemu are so many, that would be the case to use configuration 
file.  

You are interested to this? 
If the answer is, I could also think to insert in qemu the code of management 
of the configuration file of my program gesconf  
( http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/gesconf ). 

Regards.
        Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2005-12-31 20:20 [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file? Giuseppe Della Bianca
@ 2006-01-03 21:49 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-03 22:02   ` Paul Brook
                     ` (2 more replies)
  2006-01-07 13:34 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  1 sibling, 3 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-03 21:49 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

Hi.

My idea is this:  
- qemu start 
- set up of the hardcode parameters 
- reading of the configuration file and set up of the parameters 
- set up of the parameters of command line 

Example of configuration file:
[general]
  ....
  [vlan0]
    ip= x.y.x.w
    mac= l:m:n:o
    ....
  [/vlan0]
[/general]

[suse.img]
  ....
  [vlan3]
    mac= h:j:k:l
    ....
  [/vlan3]
[/suse.img]

[win.img]
  ....
  [vlan2]
    mac= z:x:c:v
    ....
  [/vlan2]
[/win.img]

Result: 
- full compatibility with every version of qemu 
- more flexibility 
- possibility to set up the hardcode parameters 
- possibility of parameters personalized for every image 

One similar thing, with smaller flexibility, is possible 
 without modify qemu and using one series of bash script.

Comments are welcomes (at least one "it does not interest to us"). 

Regards.
	Gdb 

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-03 21:49 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
@ 2006-01-03 22:02   ` Paul Brook
  2006-01-03 22:27     ` Flavio Visentin
  2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04  5:50   ` martin
       [not found]   ` <1136325437.27117.3.camel@fred.ofc.soliddesign.net>
  2 siblings, 2 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Paul Brook @ 2006-01-03 22:02 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

> Result:
> - full compatibility with every version of qemu
> - more flexibility
> - possibility to set up the hardcode parameters
> - possibility of parameters personalized for every image
>
> One similar thing, with smaller flexibility, is possible
>  without modify qemu and using one series of bash script.
>
> Comments are welcomes (at least one "it does not interest to us").

I'd go for the shell script. If enough people like it I'm sure it could be 
included with qemu.
Config file support without a decent GUI seem rather pointless.
The big advantage of doing it as a shell script is it's dead easy to hack to 
include whatever custom magical features people want.

Paul

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-03 22:02   ` Paul Brook
@ 2006-01-03 22:27     ` Flavio Visentin
  2006-01-03 23:31       ` Johannes Schindelin
  2006-01-04 21:48       ` Jim C. Brown
  2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  1 sibling, 2 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Flavio Visentin @ 2006-01-03 22:27 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

Paul Brook wrote:
> Config file support without a decent GUI seem rather pointless.
> The big advantage of doing it as a shell script is it's dead easy to hack to 
> include whatever custom magical features people want.

It would be useful for automatic startup of the VMs by init scripts.
OTOH it's very simple to create a config file parser with
perl/python/bash who can wrap around qemu options.

If I find 1 free hour tomorrow I'll post a POC.

- --
Flavio Visentin

|                     \|||/
|                    @/0.0\@
|                     \ - /
+------------------oOOo---oOOo------------------

There are only 10 types of people in this world:
those who understand binary, and those who don't.

GPG Key: http://www.zipman.it/gpgkey.asc
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.2 (GNU/Linux)

iD8DBQFDuvpousUmHkh1cnoRAgvHAJ0eHmaCxf0q1od+El+v/goRS9XsbwCfYdVm
8M59yryja9pnmrNJff1etLI=
=wcb1
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-03 22:27     ` Flavio Visentin
@ 2006-01-03 23:31       ` Johannes Schindelin
  2006-01-04  2:34         ` André Braga
  2006-01-04 21:48       ` Jim C. Brown
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Schindelin @ 2006-01-03 23:31 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

Hi,

On Tue, 3 Jan 2006, Flavio Visentin wrote:

> It would be useful for automatic startup of the VMs by init scripts.
> OTOH it's very simple to create a config file parser with
> perl/python/bash who can wrap around qemu options.

It is simpler to write the bash script right away, especially if you know 
init scripts.

> If I find 1 free hour tomorrow I'll post a POC.

POC=Piece Of Crap??? ;-)

Ciao,
Dscho

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-03 23:31       ` Johannes Schindelin
@ 2006-01-04  2:34         ` André Braga
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: André Braga @ 2006-01-04  2:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

On 1/3/06, Johannes Schindelin <Johannes.Schindelin@gmx.de> wrote:
> > If I find 1 free hour tomorrow I'll post a POC.
>
> POC=Piece Of Crap??? ;-)

I can only hope he meant Proof Of Concept :)


--
"I decry the current tendency to seek patents on algorithms. There are
better ways to earn a living than to prevent other people from making
use of one's contributions to computer science."
Donald Knuth

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-03 21:49 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-03 22:02   ` Paul Brook
@ 2006-01-04  5:50   ` martin
  2006-01-04  6:44     ` martin
                       ` (4 more replies)
       [not found]   ` <1136325437.27117.3.camel@fred.ofc.soliddesign.net>
  2 siblings, 5 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: martin @ 2006-01-04  5:50 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

  If we'd go for a config file at all with such a complicated structure, i see no reasons why to 
choose anything else than xml for it. We have tons of xml libs that can be used for gui's (think 
perl, tk, python etc...). Certainly better every dude writing it's own XuPeRpArSeR that will be 
broken and compatible after a major change in qemu ...
  Another choice would be the pure rc (just 'item = value' lines) without any supersmart blocks.

xml style or rc style, please no hack in betweeen :)

martin


Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
> Hi.
> 
> My idea is this:  
> - qemu start 
> - set up of the hardcode parameters 
> - reading of the configuration file and set up of the parameters 
> - set up of the parameters of command line 
> 
> Example of configuration file:
> [general]
>   ....
>   [vlan0]
>     ip= x.y.x.w
>     mac= l:m:n:o
>     ....
>   [/vlan0]
> [/general]
> 
> [suse.img]
>   ....
>   [vlan3]
>     mac= h:j:k:l
>     ....
>   [/vlan3]
> [/suse.img]
> 
> [win.img]
>   ....
>   [vlan2]
>     mac= z:x:c:v
>     ....
>   [/vlan2]
> [/win.img]
> 
> Result: 
> - full compatibility with every version of qemu 
> - more flexibility 
> - possibility to set up the hardcode parameters 
> - possibility of parameters personalized for every image 
> 
> One similar thing, with smaller flexibility, is possible 
>  without modify qemu and using one series of bash script.
> 
> Comments are welcomes (at least one "it does not interest to us"). 
> 
> Regards.
> 	Gdb 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Qemu-devel mailing list
> Qemu-devel@nongnu.org
> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/qemu-devel

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04  5:50   ` martin
@ 2006-01-04  6:44     ` martin
  2006-01-04 21:20       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04  8:52     ` Flavio Visentin
                       ` (3 subsequent siblings)
  4 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: martin @ 2006-01-04  6:44 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

I shouldn't write posts at 7-8am

should be

s/Certainly better every/Certainly better than every/

s/broken and compatible/broken and incompatible/

sry :) , you probably understood anyway what i meant ...

martin


martin wrote:
>  If we'd go for a config file at all with such a complicated structure, 
> i see no reasons why to choose anything else than xml for it. We have 
> tons of xml libs that can be used for gui's (think perl, tk, python 
> etc...). Certainly better every dude writing it's own XuPeRpArSeR that 
> will be broken and compatible after a major change in qemu ...
>  Another choice would be the pure rc (just 'item = value' lines) without 
> any supersmart blocks.
> 
> xml style or rc style, please no hack in betweeen :)
> 
> martin

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04  5:50   ` martin
  2006-01-04  6:44     ` martin
@ 2006-01-04  8:52     ` Flavio Visentin
  2006-01-04 21:22       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04  9:40     ` Jernej Simončič
                       ` (2 subsequent siblings)
  4 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Flavio Visentin @ 2006-01-04  8:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

martin wrote:
> xml style or rc style, please no hack in betweeen :)

I like VMWare style. Maybe it should be possible to share the same
config file between qemu and VMWare, also to favour user migration.

- --
Flavio Visentin

|                     \|||/
|                    @/0.0\@
|                     \ - /
+------------------oOOo---oOOo------------------

There are only 10 types of people in this world:
those who understand binary, and those who don't.

GPG Key: http://www.zipman.it/gpgkey.asc
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.2 (GNU/Linux)

iD8DBQFDu4yzusUmHkh1cnoRAoCzAJ4nVTWaXmB10yxdqwe2545RTiBaKACfQRZd
O+nMWD5WjH5K5V+xNvbk+Vc=
=3hha
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04  5:50   ` martin
  2006-01-04  6:44     ` martin
  2006-01-04  8:52     ` Flavio Visentin
@ 2006-01-04  9:40     ` Jernej Simončič
  2006-01-04 21:21       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 18:44     ` Mike Kronenberg
  2006-01-04 21:22     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  4 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Jernej Simončič @ 2006-01-04  9:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: martin on [qemu-devel]

On Wednesday, January 4, 2006, 6:50:28, martin wrote:

> xml style or rc style, please no hack in betweeen :)

INI? *SCNR* :)

-- 
< Jernej Simončič ><><><><>< http://deepthought.ena.si/ >

The deficiency will never show itself during the dry runs.
       -- Boyle's Third Law

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04  5:50   ` martin
                       ` (2 preceding siblings ...)
  2006-01-04  9:40     ` Jernej Simončič
@ 2006-01-04 18:44     ` Mike Kronenberg
  2006-01-04 21:22     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  4 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Mike Kronenberg @ 2006-01-04 18:44 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

I made a proposal some month ago based on xml:
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2005-08/msg00034.html

I use this style of xml property lists for the configuration of the  
vm of Q (slightly alter by now).
Q is a OS X port of QEMU http://www.kberg.ch/q

I ran recently into some troubles with arguments that can appear  
multiple times, like -net and -redir.
I'm now about to changes my configuration files. Having a well  
defined style of configuration files would help making simple guest  
packages, that could be used on multiple systems...

Mike

On 04.01.2006, at 06:50, martin wrote:

>  If we'd go for a config file at all with such a complicated  
> structure, i see no reasons why to choose anything else than xml  
> for it. We have tons of xml libs that can be used for gui's (think  
> perl, tk, python etc...). Certainly better every dude writing it's  
> own XuPeRpArSeR that will be broken and compatible after a major  
> change in qemu ...
>  Another choice would be the pure rc (just 'item = value' lines)  
> without any supersmart blocks.
>
> xml style or rc style, please no hack in betweeen :)
>
> martin
>

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04  6:44     ` martin
@ 2006-01-04 21:20       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-04 21:20 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> sry :) , you probably understood anyway what i meant ...
]zac[

Yes, :) .

Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04  9:40     ` Jernej Simončič
@ 2006-01-04 21:21       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-04 21:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> > xml style or rc style, please no hack in betweeen :)
>
> INI? *SCNR* :)

and kde, samba and other?

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04  5:50   ` martin
                       ` (3 preceding siblings ...)
  2006-01-04 18:44     ` Mike Kronenberg
@ 2006-01-04 21:22     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 23:41       ` Jernej Simončič
  4 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-04 21:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> see no reasons why to choose anything else than xml for it. We have tons of
> xml libs that can be used for gui's (think perl, tk, python etc...).
]zac[

The xml configuration file are too much hard to consult and to modify 
directly from a human. 
The idea to use additional library and therefore to add obligatory 
prerequirement to qemu, is not an idea that have appeals for me. 

> Certainly better every dude writing it's own XuPeRpArSeR that will be
> broken and compatible after a major change in qemu ...
>   Another choice would be the pure rc (just 'item = value' lines) without
> any supersmart blocks.

My program and library can manage from the basic ' key value' 
to the configuration file of xfree/xorg (and multiple keys, groups with name 
in one key) without particular problems.

As an example: 
Qemu set up a function of callback, calls one function of my library for 
 demands one group (or some groups) and one key (or some keys), my library, 
using the callback function it gives back the value (or some values). 
Then qemu it will make what he must make, and I do not see particular problems 
of incompatible with a major change in qemu.

> xml style or rc style, please no hack in betweeen :)

All depends from functions that are wanted to be added at qemu, without the 
group not it goes beyond simpler configurations. 

Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04  8:52     ` Flavio Visentin
@ 2006-01-04 21:22       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 21:50         ` Johannes Schindelin
  2006-01-04 22:54         ` Flavio Visentin
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-04 21:22 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> I like VMWare style. Maybe it should be possible to share the same
> config file between qemu and VMWare, also to favour user migration.

Please, you can make an detailed example? 

Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
       [not found]   ` <1136325437.27117.3.camel@fred.ofc.soliddesign.net>
@ 2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 21:50       ` Jim C. Brown
                         ` (2 more replies)
  0 siblings, 3 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-04 21:39 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

> Yah.  I like this the best.  It is the most flexible.  It even allows
> you to put logic into your qemu startup.
]zac[

The script not are the solution that I would want.  

To make a good job with the script is much laborious, and demands to use one 
collection of additional programs (that I think is one bad solution).  

Also modifying qemu, the command line of qemu allow to use the logic 
that everyone prefers. 

Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-03 22:02   ` Paul Brook
  2006-01-03 22:27     ` Flavio Visentin
@ 2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-04 21:39 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> I'd go for the shell script. If enough people like it I'm sure it could be
> included with qemu.

Ok.

> Config file support without a decent GUI seem rather pointless.
]zac[

I understand and I agree yours (and of the others that prefer the scripts) 
motivations.  

To modify qemu allows to make things that with script are impossible, and one 
 linear configuration file is the first step for having one graphical tools 
easy and friendly (I think as an example at kde, samba and others). 

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-03 22:27     ` Flavio Visentin
  2006-01-03 23:31       ` Johannes Schindelin
@ 2006-01-04 21:48       ` Jim C. Brown
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Jim C. Brown @ 2006-01-04 21:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Flavio Visentin; +Cc: qemu-devel

On Tue, Jan 03, 2006 at 11:27:52PM +0100, Flavio Visentin wrote:
> Paul Brook wrote:
> > Config file support without a decent GUI seem rather pointless.
> > The big advantage of doing it as a shell script is it's dead easy to hack to 
> > include whatever custom magical features people want.
> 
> It would be useful for automatic startup of the VMs by init scripts.
> OTOH it's very simple to create a config file parser with
> perl/python/bash who can wrap around qemu options.
> 
> If I find 1 free hour tomorrow I'll post a POC.
> 
> - --
> Flavio Visentin

I wrote one a long time ago called vqemu. It's a simple bash script that
gives support for a really primitive style of config file (basically a file
full of "qemu parameter"="on/off" or "parameter"="value". All I have to do is
type 'vqemu' in the right directory (or call 'vqemu -config file') and I get
a VM running with no troubles.

If people think this is a good idea I can easily update this to qemu 0.8.0's
options.

-- 
Infinite complexity begets infinite beauty.
Infinite precision begets infinite perfection.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 21:22       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
@ 2006-01-04 21:50         ` Johannes Schindelin
  2006-01-04 22:58           ` Mike Kronenberg
  2006-01-04 22:54         ` Flavio Visentin
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Schindelin @ 2006-01-04 21:50 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

Hi,

On Wed, 4 Jan 2006, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:

> ]zac[
> > I like VMWare style. Maybe it should be possible to share the same
> > config file between qemu and VMWare, also to favour user migration.
> 
> Please, you can make an detailed example? 

I can give you a perfectly simple example of a /bin/sh script ;-)

-- snip --
#!/bin/sh

qemu -m 512 -net none -usb -full-screen -serial stdio -parallel stdio \
	-monitor stdio "$@"
-- snap --

Ciao,
Dscho

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
@ 2006-01-04 21:50       ` Jim C. Brown
  2006-01-05 20:18         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 22:07       ` Johannes Schindelin
  2006-01-04 23:42       ` Jernej Simončič
  2 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Jim C. Brown @ 2006-01-04 21:50 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Giuseppe Della Bianca; +Cc: qemu-devel

On Wed, Jan 04, 2006 at 10:39:23PM +0100, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
> > Yah.  I like this the best.  It is the most flexible.  It even allows
> > you to put logic into your qemu startup.
> ]zac[
> 
> The script not are the solution that I would want.  
> 
> To make a good job with the script is much laborious, and demands to use one 
> collection of additional programs (that I think is one bad solution).  
> 

No it doesn't. All that is needed is the one script.

Unless you mean like a GUI config file editor? But that would likely be
a separate program anyways (and not a script).

> Also modifying qemu, the command line of qemu allow to use the logic 
> that everyone prefers. 

What do you mean by that?

> 
> Gdb
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Qemu-devel mailing list
> Qemu-devel@nongnu.org
> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/qemu-devel
> 

-- 
Infinite complexity begets infinite beauty.
Infinite precision begets infinite perfection.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 21:50       ` Jim C. Brown
@ 2006-01-04 22:07       ` Johannes Schindelin
  2006-01-05 20:23         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 23:42       ` Jernej Simončič
  2 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Schindelin @ 2006-01-04 22:07 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

Hi,

On Wed, 4 Jan 2006, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:

> > Yah.  I like this the best.  It is the most flexible.  It even allows
> > you to put logic into your qemu startup.
> ]zac[
> 
> The script not are the solution that I would want.  

What do you want (specifically)?

> To make a good job with the script is much laborious, and demands to use 
> one collection of additional programs (that I think is one bad 
> solution).

Huh? I do not need any additional program.

> Also modifying qemu, the command line of qemu allow to use the logic 
> that everyone prefers.

I, for one, prefer shell scripts. Config files have no notion of loops, 
conditionals or variables. Shell scripts do. As in the first flame war 
about config files, I fail to see the necessity of config files, let alone 
XML config files.

Ciao,
Dscho

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 21:22       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 21:50         ` Johannes Schindelin
@ 2006-01-04 22:54         ` Flavio Visentin
  2006-01-05 20:24           ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Flavio Visentin @ 2006-01-04 22:54 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1



Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
>>I like VMWare style. Maybe it should be possible to share the same
>>config file between qemu and VMWare, also to favour user migration.
> 
> Please, you can make an detailed example?

This is one config I use with VMPlayer for an XP image. Anyway 90% is
useless for qemu.

#!/usr/bin/vmware
config.version = "8"
virtualHW.version = "3"
scsi0.present = "TRUE"
memsize = "128"
ide0:0.present = "TRUE"
ide0:0.fileName = "WXP.vmdk"
ide0:0.deviceType = "disk"
ide0:1.present = "TRUE"
ide0:1.fileName = "WXP2.vmdk"
ide0:1.deviceType = "disk"
ide1:0.present = "TRUE"
ide1:0.fileName = "/dev/hdc"
ide1:0.deviceType = "atapi-cdrom"
#ide1:0.fileName = "WXP.iso"
#ide1:0.deviceType = "cdrom-image"
floppy0.fileName = "/dev/fd0"
Ethernet0.present = "TRUE"
sound.present = "TRUE"
displayName = "WXP"
guestOS = "winxppro"
priority.grabbed = "normal"
priority.ungrabbed = "normal"
powerType.powerOff = "soft"
powerType.powerOn = "hard"
powerType.suspend = "hard"
powerType.reset = "soft"
sound.virtualDev = "es1371"
Ethernet0.addressType = "generated"
ethernet0.generatedAddress = "00:0c:29:9d:77:37"
ethernet0.generatedAddressOffset = "0"
uuid.location = "56 4d 5e cf 11 82 d8 2a-00 c8 78 51 18 9d 77 37"
uuid.bios = "56 4d 5e cf 11 82 d8 2a-00 c8 78 51 18 9d 77 37"
floppy0.startConnected = "FALSE"
ide1:0.startConnected = "TRUE"
tools.syncTime = "FALSE"
ide0:0.redo = ""
ide0:1.redo = ""
usb.present = "TRUE"
nvram = "WXP.nvram"
sound.startConnected = "FALSE"
checkpoint.vmState = ""
uuid.action = "create"
usb.autoConnect.device0 = ""
tools.remindInstall = "TRUE"




> 
> Gdb
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> Qemu-devel mailing list
> Qemu-devel@nongnu.org
> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/qemu-devel

- --
Flavio Visentin

|                     \|||/
|                    @/0.0\@
|                     \ - /
+------------------oOOo---oOOo------------------

There are only 10 types of people in this world:
those who understand binary, and those who don't.

GPG Key: http://www.zipman.it/gpgkey.asc
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.2 (GNU/Linux)

iD8DBQFDvFJCusUmHkh1cnoRAuCiAJ40f78C8i3WEA9K7Yb66aVqMDntlQCfW+Xz
Tp6m8rEAbcxxureeGdysuN4=
=QxpM
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 21:50         ` Johannes Schindelin
@ 2006-01-04 22:58           ` Mike Kronenberg
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Mike Kronenberg @ 2006-01-04 22:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

I'd like to see some more things in it (besides that windows clients  
can't handle (ba)sh scripts:

- State of the machine (saved/running/snapshot)
- what cpu/machine
- further information (Author, Copyright...)
- paths that can be handled by every plattform
...

so you can g(zip) up a vm and send it to your fellow tester and he  
can run it on every plattform...

and of corse advanced configuration/packages are only good for a GUI!

Mike

else you can really stay with bat/sh ;)


On 04.01.2006, at 22:50, Johannes Schindelin wrote:

> Hi,
>
> On Wed, 4 Jan 2006, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
>
>> ]zac[
>>> I like VMWare style. Maybe it should be possible to share the same
>>> config file between qemu and VMWare, also to favour user migration.
>>
>> Please, you can make an detailed example?
>
> I can give you a perfectly simple example of a /bin/sh script ;-)
>
> -- snip --
> #!/bin/sh
>
> qemu -m 512 -net none -usb -full-screen -serial stdio -parallel  
> stdio \
> 	-monitor stdio "$@"
> -- snap --
>
> Ciao,
> Dscho
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Qemu-devel mailing list
> Qemu-devel@nongnu.org
> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/qemu-devel

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 21:22     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
@ 2006-01-04 23:41       ` Jernej Simončič
  2006-01-04 23:52         ` Mike Kronenberg
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Jernej Simončič @ 2006-01-04 23:41 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Giuseppe Della Bianca on [qemu-devel]

On Wednesday, January 4, 2006, 22:22:09, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:

> The xml configuration file are too much hard to consult and to modify 
> directly from a human. 

It's not hard to edit XML (when it's nicely structured, and not clumped all
in a single line), but from my experience it just doesn't give enough
advantage over flat files for storing simple configuration, to justify
writing the much more complex parsing code it needs.

-- 
< Jernej Simončič ><><><><>< http://deepthought.ena.si/ >

When things are going well, someone will inevitably experiment detrimentally.
       -- Boyle's Second Law

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-04 21:50       ` Jim C. Brown
  2006-01-04 22:07       ` Johannes Schindelin
@ 2006-01-04 23:42       ` Jernej Simončič
  2006-01-05 15:47         ` Jim C. Brown
  2006-01-05 20:35         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2 siblings, 2 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Jernej Simončič @ 2006-01-04 23:42 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Giuseppe Della Bianca on [qemu-devel]

On Wednesday, January 4, 2006, 22:39:23, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:

> Also modifying qemu, the command line of qemu allow to use the logic 
> that everyone prefers. 

I'd prefer to have 5 config files and just specify one of them on the
command-line, than having 5 scripts, which run qemu with the parameters I
want.

-- 
< Jernej Simončič ><><><><>< http://deepthought.ena.si/ >

When you are over the hill, you pick up speed.
       -- Baker's Byroad

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 23:41       ` Jernej Simončič
@ 2006-01-04 23:52         ` Mike Kronenberg
  2006-01-05  0:04           ` Jernej Simončič
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Mike Kronenberg @ 2006-01-04 23:52 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

As I mentioned in a earlier thread about config files, one of the big  
advantages of XML is it's language independence.
There are french, spanish, japanese, chinese people using qemu,  
resulting in imagenames / paths in the corresponding language.
ASCII/UTF-8 is not everything.

Mike


On 05.01.2006, at 00:41, Jernej Simončič wrote:

> On Wednesday, January 4, 2006, 22:22:09, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
>
>> The xml configuration file are too much hard to consult and to modify
>> directly from a human.
>
> It's not hard to edit XML (when it's nicely structured, and not  
> clumped all
> in a single line), but from my experience it just doesn't give enough
> advantage over flat files for storing simple configuration, to justify
> writing the much more complex parsing code it needs.
>
> -- 
> < Jernej Simončič ><><><><>< http://deepthought.ena.si/ >
>
> When things are going well, someone will inevitably experiment  
> detrimentally.
>        -- Boyle's Second Law
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Qemu-devel mailing list
> Qemu-devel@nongnu.org
> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/qemu-devel

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 23:52         ` Mike Kronenberg
@ 2006-01-05  0:04           ` Jernej Simončič
  2006-01-05  0:28             ` Mike Kronenberg
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Jernej Simončič @ 2006-01-05  0:04 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Mike Kronenberg on [qemu-devel]

On Thursday, January 5, 2006, 0:52:07, Mike Kronenberg wrote:

> As I mentioned in a earlier thread about config files, one of the big  
> advantages of XML is it's language independence.

And flat files are language dependant how?

> There are french, spanish, japanese, chinese people using qemu,  
> resulting in imagenames / paths in the corresponding language.
> ASCII/UTF-8 is not everything.

...so what does this have to do with XML/flat files?

-- 
< Jernej Simončič ><><><><>< http://deepthought.ena.si/ >

Nothing matters very much, and few things matter at all.
       -- Erhard's Contention

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-05  0:04           ` Jernej Simončič
@ 2006-01-05  0:28             ` Mike Kronenberg
  2006-01-05 10:49               ` Jernej Simončič
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Mike Kronenberg @ 2006-01-05  0:28 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

simple example:

qemu "/Users/Jernej Simončič/Simončič_image_2.img" -m 128

can be correctly declarated and stored in a XML file while its  
generating problems with normal 8bit text files. Not necessarily on  
the creators system, but maybe on another users system, if you share  
the config file and the image with somebody...
It's already fun to exchange "normal" textfiles" between Mac  
(Macroman) and windows and linux(utf-8/iso-8950-x).

Mike

On 05.01.2006, at 01:04, Jernej Simončič wrote:

> On Thursday, January 5, 2006, 0:52:07, Mike Kronenberg wrote:
>
>> As I mentioned in a earlier thread about config files, one of the big
>> advantages of XML is it's language independence.
>
> And flat files are language dependant how?
>
>> There are french, spanish, japanese, chinese people using qemu,
>> resulting in imagenames / paths in the corresponding language.
>> ASCII/UTF-8 is not everything.
>
> ...so what does this have to do with XML/flat files?
>
> -- 
> < Jernej Simončič ><><><><>< http://deepthought.ena.si/ >
>
> Nothing matters very much, and few things matter at all.
>        -- Erhard's Contention
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Qemu-devel mailing list
> Qemu-devel@nongnu.org
> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/qemu-devel

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-05  0:28             ` Mike Kronenberg
@ 2006-01-05 10:49               ` Jernej Simončič
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Jernej Simončič @ 2006-01-05 10:49 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Mike Kronenberg on [qemu-devel]

On Thursday, January 5, 2006, 1:28:36, Mike Kronenberg wrote:

> qemu "/Users/Jernej Simončič/Simončič_image_2.img" -m 128

> can be correctly declarated and stored in a XML file while its  
> generating problems with normal 8bit text files.

You do realize, that Qemu could easily declare that it's config files are in
utf8? (Though, from my experience with Linux filesystems, the file names
there are just stream of characters, and it's entirely up to the program how
those characters will be presented to the user - the programs/OS doesn't
care if the filename can't be properly displayed with the current user
settings, as long as the name is valid, it can be accessed).

IMHO, XML and charset encodings are beyond Qemu's scope - it just needs to
read in the file, change it's settings accordingly and go it's way. Parsing
XML or dealing with encodings adds too much code for way too little benefit.

> Not necessarily on  
> the creators system, but maybe on another users system, if you share  
> the config file and the image with somebody...

Depends on what you use to share the config - many network protocols and
archive formats don't care about the charsets either, and in the worst case
scenario, you'll have to edit the config file and do a bit of
search-and-replace (or simply use iconv) before the file will be usable
(then again, I normally avoid naming my files using national characters -
too many problems with that).

> It's already fun to exchange "normal" textfiles" between Mac  
> (Macroman) and windows and linux(utf-8/iso-8950-x).

UTF8 is pretty universal, and should be supported on just about any OS (on
Windows 2000 eg. the simple Notepad opens and saves utf8 files just fine).

-- 
< Jernej Simončič ><><><><>< http://deepthought.ena.si/ >

It's a good thing money can't buy happiness. We couldn't stand the commercials.
       -- Gerrold's Fundamental Truth

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 23:42       ` Jernej Simončič
@ 2006-01-05 15:47         ` Jim C. Brown
  2006-01-05 20:35         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Jim C. Brown @ 2006-01-05 15:47 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Jernej Simon?i?; +Cc: Giuseppe Della Bianca on [qemu-devel]

On Thu, Jan 05, 2006 at 12:42:27AM +0100, Jernej Simon?i? wrote:
> On Wednesday, January 4, 2006, 22:39:23, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
> 
> > Also modifying qemu, the command line of qemu allow to use the logic 
> > that everyone prefers. 
> 
> I'd prefer to have 5 config files and just specify one of them on the
> command-line, than having 5 scripts, which run qemu with the parameters I
> want.
> 

Well, you can have 5 config files and one shell script.

vqemu -config file

-- 
Infinite complexity begets infinite beauty.
Infinite precision begets infinite perfection.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 21:50       ` Jim C. Brown
@ 2006-01-05 20:18         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-05 20:18 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> Unless you mean like a GUI config file editor? But that would likely be
> a separate program anyways (and not a script).

I thing that would be useful to insert in the configuration file the options 
for set up the mac address, for assing at one key the combinations of keys 
for execute change of the removable units, and other.
To have for every image one personalized configuration. 

> > Also modifying qemu, the command line of qemu allow to use the logic
> > that everyone prefers.
>
> What do you mean by that?

That the options of command line having always the priority on the options set 
up from the configuration file.

Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 22:07       ` Johannes Schindelin
@ 2006-01-05 20:23         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-05 20:23 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> What do you want (specifically)?

Please, read this:

Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
 (Giuseppe Della Bianca, Tue Jan  3 22:49:41 2006)

]zac[
> about config files, I fail to see the necessity of config files, let alone
> XML config files.
]zac[

Ok.
	Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 22:54         ` Flavio Visentin
@ 2006-01-05 20:24           ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-05 20:24 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> > Please, you can make an detailed example?
]zac[
> uuid.action = "create"
> usb.autoConnect.device0 = ""
]zac[

Thanks.
	Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-04 23:42       ` Jernej Simončič
  2006-01-05 15:47         ` Jim C. Brown
@ 2006-01-05 20:35         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-05 20:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

]zac[
> I'd prefer to have 5 config files and just specify one of them on the
> command-line, than having 5 scripts, which run qemu with the parameters I
> want.

I would prefer to go also beyond, one unique configuration file for every 
image of S.O., and use the command line for overwrite the set up hardcode and 
the set up from configuration file.

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2005-12-31 20:20 [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file? Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-03 21:49 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
@ 2006-01-07 13:34 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-07 16:00   ` Flavio Visentin
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-07 13:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

Hi.

Please, who is that decides if to insert patch or modifications in qemu code?

Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-07 13:34 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
@ 2006-01-07 16:00   ` Flavio Visentin
  2006-01-08 13:29     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Flavio Visentin @ 2006-01-07 16:00 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
> Please, who is that decides if to insert patch or modifications in qemu code?

Fabrice

- --
Flavio Visentin

|                     \|||/
|                    @/0.0\@
|                     \ - /
+------------------oOOo---oOOo------------------

There are only 10 types of people in this world:
those who understand binary, and those who don't.

GPG Key: http://www.zipman.it/gpgkey.asc
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.2 (GNU/Linux)

iD8DBQFDv+WzusUmHkh1cnoRAk9VAKCLvqUwL0vNuOACL1UIiydshuUkEQCeNNjv
uTamZYDfGJfNkA6T4OVXFyQ=
=8PYN
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-07 16:00   ` Flavio Visentin
@ 2006-01-08 13:29     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
  2006-01-08 14:59       ` Johannes Schindelin
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 38+ messages in thread
From: Giuseppe Della Bianca @ 2006-01-08 13:29 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

> Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
> > Please, who is that decides if to insert patch or modifications in qemu
> > code?
>
> Fabrice

Thanks for the confirmation.

Therefore the alternatives are: 
- create several script that they use the command line of qemu 
- modify and maintain one personalized version of 'vdeq'.
- nothing  

Thanks for all, for the comments and the help. 

Ciao.
	Gdb

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

* Re: [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file?
  2006-01-08 13:29     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
@ 2006-01-08 14:59       ` Johannes Schindelin
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 38+ messages in thread
From: Johannes Schindelin @ 2006-01-08 14:59 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: qemu-devel

Hi,

On Sun, 8 Jan 2006, Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:

> > Giuseppe Della Bianca wrote:
> > > Please, who is that decides if to insert patch or modifications in qemu
> > > code?
> >
> > Fabrice

That is not completely true. QEmu is Open Source, and the license permits 
to have your own version ("fork").

Just look at Linux: There is Linus' version, which is often referred to as 
"official", but almost nobody uses it. Most people use a version adapted 
by vendors like SuSE or RedHat.

If you need config file support in QEmu, just do it. If you're nice, you 
send a patch to this list, but you don't have to. If you do, and enough 
people like it, I am sure Fabrice will take it into his CVS, too.

Hth,
Dscho

^ permalink raw reply	[flat|nested] 38+ messages in thread

end of thread, other threads:[~2006-01-08 15:01 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 38+ messages (download: mbox.gz follow: Atom feed
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2005-12-31 20:20 [Qemu-devel] qemu and configuration file? Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-03 21:49 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-03 22:02   ` Paul Brook
2006-01-03 22:27     ` Flavio Visentin
2006-01-03 23:31       ` Johannes Schindelin
2006-01-04  2:34         ` André Braga
2006-01-04 21:48       ` Jim C. Brown
2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04  5:50   ` martin
2006-01-04  6:44     ` martin
2006-01-04 21:20       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04  8:52     ` Flavio Visentin
2006-01-04 21:22       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04 21:50         ` Johannes Schindelin
2006-01-04 22:58           ` Mike Kronenberg
2006-01-04 22:54         ` Flavio Visentin
2006-01-05 20:24           ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04  9:40     ` Jernej Simončič
2006-01-04 21:21       ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04 18:44     ` Mike Kronenberg
2006-01-04 21:22     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04 23:41       ` Jernej Simončič
2006-01-04 23:52         ` Mike Kronenberg
2006-01-05  0:04           ` Jernej Simončič
2006-01-05  0:28             ` Mike Kronenberg
2006-01-05 10:49               ` Jernej Simončič
     [not found]   ` <1136325437.27117.3.camel@fred.ofc.soliddesign.net>
2006-01-04 21:39     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04 21:50       ` Jim C. Brown
2006-01-05 20:18         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04 22:07       ` Johannes Schindelin
2006-01-05 20:23         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-04 23:42       ` Jernej Simončič
2006-01-05 15:47         ` Jim C. Brown
2006-01-05 20:35         ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-07 13:34 ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-07 16:00   ` Flavio Visentin
2006-01-08 13:29     ` Giuseppe Della Bianca
2006-01-08 14:59       ` Johannes Schindelin

This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).