[Qemu-devel] [PATCH] linux-user: Some scripts to create linux container using qemu-linux-user.

[Qemu-devel] [PATCH] linux-user: Some scripts to create linux container using qemu-linux-user.

[Laurent Vivier]

* sudo qemu-update-binfmt.sh <target>

Call update-binfmts to install /bin/qemu-<target> as the binfmt interpreter.

* sudo qemu-create-lxc.sh <target>

This script mixes linux container, binfmt and qemu to create hybrid linux
container : <target> container on an host kernel.

It will create "light" emulated virtual machine with several steps :
- create a linux-user qemu-<target>
- define it as the binfmt interpreter (using qemu-update-binfmt.sh).
- install a base debian system under /containers/<target> using debootstrap.
  and set a minimal configuration.
- define a linux container

Then you can start the container using : sudo lxc-start -n virt<target>

TARGETS STATUS:

alpha: cannot run debootstrap --second stage*, but chroot is usable
m68k: need patches from qemu-m68k, after that, all is working fine.
mips: container can be started, but console login hangs.
ppc: works fine*
sparc: cannot run debootstrap --second stage (cannot fork)
raspberrypi: (=armhf+raspbian) works*

* needs patches I sent to the mailing-list previously

Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
---
 scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh |  280 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 scripts/qemu-update-binfmt |   60 ++++++++++
 2 files changed, 340 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh
 create mode 100755 scripts/qemu-update-binfmt

diff --git a/scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh b/scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c6023de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+QEMU_PATH=$(dirname $(dirname $(readlink -f $0)))
+
+TARGET_LIST="i386 m68k alpha sparc mips ppc raspberrypi"
+
+set_i386() {
+	: nothing specific
+}
+
+set_m68k() {
+	DEBIAN_REPO=http://archive.debian.org/debian
+	DEBIAN_DIST=etch-m68k
+	DEBIAN_SIGN=55BE302B
+
+        CONFIGURE_PARAMS=--m68k-default-cpu=m68040
+}
+
+set_alpha() {
+	DEBIAN_REPO=http://archive.debian.org/debian
+	DEBIAN_DIST=lenny
+}
+
+set_sparc() {
+	QEMU_TARGET=sparc32plus
+}
+
+set_mips() {
+	: nothing specific
+}
+
+set_ppc() {
+	DEBIAN_TARGET=powerpc
+}
+
+set_raspberrypi() {
+	DEBIAN_REPO=http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian
+	DEBIAN_DIST=wheezy
+	DEBIAN_SIGN=""
+	DEBIAN_TARGET=armhf
+	QEMU_TARGET=arm
+}
+
+check_target() {
+	found=0
+	for available in $TARGET_LIST
+	do
+		if [ "$available" = "$TARGET" ]
+		then
+			found=1
+			break;
+		fi
+	done
+	if [ $found -eq 0 ]
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: unknown target $TARGET" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	# generic values
+
+	CONTAINER_NAME=virt${TARGET}
+	CONTAINER_PATH=/containers/${TARGET}
+	LXC_CONF=$HOME/lxc-${TARGET}.conf
+
+	DEBIAN_REPO=http://ftp.debian.org/debian
+	DEBIAN_DIST=stable
+	DEBIAN_SIGN=""
+	DEBIAN_TARGET=$TARGET
+
+	QEMU_TARGET=$TARGET
+
+	CHECK_BIN=check_default
+
+	# target specific values
+
+	set_$TARGET
+
+	QEMU_BIN=${QEMU_PATH}/build-${QEMU_TARGET}/${QEMU_TARGET}-linux-user/qemu-${QEMU_TARGET}
+}
+
+check_m68k() {
+	if ${QEMU_BIN} -cpu help | grep -q ">m68040"
+	then
+		echo "Found an existing qemu-m68k, use it !" 1>&2
+		return 0
+	fi
+	echo "Found an existing qemu-m68k, but with no m68040 emulation" 1>&2
+	echo "Please, remove it" 1>&2
+	echo "m68040 emulation is available from " 1>&2
+	echo "git clone git://gitorious.org/qemu-m68k/qemu-m68k.git"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+check_default() {
+	test -e ${QEMU_BIN}
+}
+
+installed_dpkg() {
+	dpkg --status "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+check_env() {
+	if [ ! -e /etc/debian_version ]
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: this script works only on Debian based distro" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	for pkg in zlib1g gcc make debootstrap lxc
+	do
+		if  ! installed_dpkg $pkg
+		then
+			echo "ERROR: $pkg is needed" 1>&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+create_qemu() {
+	if [ -e "${QEMU_BIN}" ]
+	then
+		if ${CHECK_BIN}
+		then
+			return 0
+		fi
+	fi
+	echo "cd ${QEMU_PATH} && \
+	mkdir build-${QEMU_TARGET} && \
+	cd build-${QEMU_TARGET} && \
+	../configure --static ${CONFIGURE_PARAMS} \
+		     --target-list=${QEMU_TARGET}-linux-user && \
+	make" | sudo -i -u ${SUDO_USER}
+	if ! ${CHECK_BIN}
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: generated qemu binary is invalid !" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+create_root() {
+	# sanity check
+
+	if [ $(readlink -f ${CONTAINER_PATH}/) = "/" ]
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: invalid path ${CONTAINER_PATH}" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	# check directory
+
+	if [ -e "${CONTAINER_PATH}" ]
+	then
+		echo "${CONTAINER_PATH} already exists" 1>&2
+		echo "Please, remove it" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	# Debian bootstrap
+
+	mkdir -p "${CONTAINER_PATH}"
+	debootstrap --foreign \
+		    --arch=${DEBIAN_TARGET} \
+                    ${DEBIAN_DIST} ${CONTAINER_PATH} \
+		    ${DEBIAN_REPO} && \
+
+	# adding qemu binary
+
+	cp ${QEMU_BIN} ${CONTAINER_PATH}/bin && \
+	${QEMU_PATH}/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt ${QEMU_TARGET}
+
+	# debian bootstrap second stage
+
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
+
+	# configuration
+
+	cat >> ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/fstab <<!EOF
+# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
+proc		/proc		proc	nodev,noexec,nosuid 0	1
+devpts		/dev/pts	devpts	nodev,noexec,nosuid 0	1
+!EOF
+
+	echo "$CONTAINER_NAME" > ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/hostname
+	echo "c:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 console" >> ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/inittab
+
+	cat >> ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/network/interfaces <<!EOF
+auto eth0
+iface eth0 inet dhcp
+!EOF
+
+	cat >> ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/apt/sources.list <<!EOF
+deb ${DEBIAN_REPO} ${DEBIAN_DIST} main contrib non-free
+deb-src ${DEBIAN_REPO} ${DEBIAN_DIST} main contrib non-free
+!EOF
+
+	rm -f ${CONTAINER_PATH}/dev/ptmx
+
+	if [ "$DEBIAN_SIGN" != "" ]
+	then
+		HOME=/root chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key ${DEBIAN_SIGN}
+		HOME=/root chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} gpg -a --export ${DEBIAN_SIGN} | chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH}  apt-key add -
+	fi
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} apt-get update
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} apt-get install locales
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} dpkg-reconfigure locales
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} passwd
+}
+
+create_lxc() {
+	cat > ${LXC_CONF} <<!EOF
+lxc.utsname = ${CONTAINER_NAME}
+
+lxc.network.type = veth
+lxc.network.flags = up
+lxc.network.link = lxcbr0
+lxc.network.name = eth0
+
+lxc.pts=1023
+lxc.tty=12
+
+lxc.rootfs = ${CONTAINER_PATH}
+
+lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm # pts
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm # rtc
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:* rwm
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:* rwm # ttyXX
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:* rwm
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = b 7:* rwm # loop
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = b 1:* rwm # ram
+
+!EOF
+	lxc-create -n ${CONTAINER_NAME} -f ${LXC_CONF}
+}
+
+TARGET="$1"
+
+if [ "$TARGET" = "" ]
+then
+	echo "ERROR: you must provide a target." 1>&2
+	echo "       Available targets are:" 1>&2
+	echo "       $TARGET_LIST"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+
+check_env
+check_target
+
+echo "DEBIAN_TARGET : ${DEBIAN_TARGET}"
+echo "QEMU_TARGET   : ${QEMU_TARGET}"
+echo "CONTAINER_NAME: ${CONTAINER_NAME}"
+echo "CONTAINER_PATH: ${CONTAINER_PATH}"
+echo "QEMU_PATH     : ${QEMU_PATH}"
+echo "LXC_CONF      : ${LXC_CONF}"
+echo "DEBIAN_REPO   : ${DEBIAN_REPO}"
+echo "DEBIAN_DIST   : ${DEBIAN_DIST}"
+
+if lxc-list | grep -q ${CONTAINER_NAME}
+then
+	echo "${CONTAINER_NAME} already exists !" 1>&2
+	echo "you can remove it with :" 1>&2
+	echo "    sudo lxc-destroy -n ${CONTAINER_NAME}" 1>&2
+	echo "[WARNING: this will remove the directory too]" 1>&2
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+if [ "$USER" != "root" ]
+then
+	echo "You need to be root to run this command" 2>&1
+	exit 3
+fi
+
+create_qemu
+create_root
+create_lxc
+
+chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} uname -a
+
+echo "you can now start your container using:"
+echo "    sudo lxc-start -n ${CONTAINER_NAME}"
diff --git a/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt b/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..ebdd971
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+name="$1"
+
+# probe cpu type
+cpu=`uname -m`
+case "$cpu" in
+  i386|i486|i586|i686|i86pc|BePC|x86_64)
+    cpu="i386"
+  ;;
+  mips*)
+    cpu="mips"
+  ;;
+  "Power Macintosh"|ppc64)
+    cpu="ppc"
+  ;;
+  armv[4-9]*)
+    cpu="arm"
+  ;;
+esac
+
+if [ "$name" = "$cpu" ]
+then
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+case $name
+in
+    m68k)
+        magic="\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x04"
+        mask="\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff"
+        ;;
+    alpha)
+        magic="\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x26\x90"
+        mask="\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff"
+        ;;
+    sparc32plus)
+        magic="\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x12"
+        mask="\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff"
+        ;;
+    mips)
+        magic="\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08"
+        mask="\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff"
+        ;;
+    ppc)
+        magic="\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x14"
+        mask="\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff"
+        ;;
+    arm)
+        magic="\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28\x00"
+        mask="\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff"
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "ERROR: unknown target $name" 1<&2
+        exit 1
+        ;;
+esac
+
+update-binfmts --install $name /bin/qemu-${name} \
+               --magic $magic --mask $mask
-- 
1.7.10.4

Re: [Qemu-devel] [PATCH] linux-user: Some scripts to create linux container using qemu-linux-user.

[Andreas Färber]

Am 14.01.2013 22:36, schrieb Laurent Vivier:
> * sudo qemu-update-binfmt.sh <target>
> 
> Call update-binfmts to install /bin/qemu-<target> as the binfmt interpreter.
> 
> * sudo qemu-create-lxc.sh <target>
> 
> This script mixes linux container, binfmt and qemu to create hybrid linux
> container : <target> container on an host kernel.
> 
> It will create "light" emulated virtual machine with several steps :
> - create a linux-user qemu-<target>
> - define it as the binfmt interpreter (using qemu-update-binfmt.sh).
> - install a base debian system under /containers/<target> using debootstrap.
>   and set a minimal configuration.
> - define a linux container
> 
> Then you can start the container using : sudo lxc-start -n virt<target>
> 
> TARGETS STATUS:
> 
> alpha: cannot run debootstrap --second stage*, but chroot is usable
> m68k: need patches from qemu-m68k, after that, all is working fine.
> mips: container can be started, but console login hangs.
> ppc: works fine*
> sparc: cannot run debootstrap --second stage (cannot fork)
> raspberrypi: (=armhf+raspbian) works*
> 
> * needs patches I sent to the mailing-list previously
> 
> Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
> ---
>  scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh |  280 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  scripts/qemu-update-binfmt |   60 ++++++++++
>  2 files changed, 340 insertions(+)
>  create mode 100755 scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh
>  create mode 100755 scripts/qemu-update-binfmt
[...]
> diff --git a/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt b/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt
> new file mode 100755
> index 0000000..ebdd971
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt
> @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
> +#!/bin/bash
> +
> +name="$1"
> +
> +# probe cpu type
> +cpu=`uname -m`
> +case "$cpu" in
> +  i386|i486|i586|i686|i86pc|BePC|x86_64)
> +    cpu="i386"
> +  ;;
> +  mips*)
> +    cpu="mips"
> +  ;;
> +  "Power Macintosh"|ppc64)
> +    cpu="ppc"
> +  ;;
> +  armv[4-9]*)
> +    cpu="arm"
> +  ;;
> +esac
> +
> +if [ "$name" = "$cpu" ]
> +then
> +    exit 0
> +fi
> +
> +case $name
> +in
> +    m68k)
> +        magic="\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x04"
> +        mask="\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff"
> +        ;;
[snip]

Déjà vu... qemu-binfmt-conf.sh already has the magics hardcoded and
registers them via /proc. Please either reuse that script (with a new
parameter if needed) or move the data to a shared script used by both so
that not one is updated and the other forgotten.

The one thing I dislike about the existing script is that it hardcodes
each path to /usr/local/bin, which for openSUSE we need to override.
Your script hardcodes /bin in only one place instead.

Regards,
Andreas

-- 
SUSE LINUX Products GmbH, Maxfeldstr. 5, 90409 Nürnberg, Germany
GF: Jeff Hawn, Jennifer Guild, Felix Imendörffer; HRB 16746 AG Nürnberg

[Qemu-devel] [PATCH 1/3] scripts: extract ELF magics from qemu-binfmt-conf.sh

[Laurent Vivier]

Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
---
 scripts/binfmts-magic       |   93 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 scripts/qemu-binfmt-conf.sh |  104 +++++++++++++++++++------------------------
 2 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 57 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 scripts/binfmts-magic
 mode change 100644 => 100755 scripts/qemu-binfmt-conf.sh

diff --git a/scripts/binfmts-magic b/scripts/binfmts-magic
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13ac820
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/binfmts-magic
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+qemu_target_list="i386 i486 alpha arm sparc ppc m68k mips mipsel \
+                  mipsn32 mipsn32el mips64 mips64el sh4 sh4eb s390x"
+
+i386_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x03\x00'
+i386_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff'
+i386_family=i386
+
+i486_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x06\x00'
+i486_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff'
+i486_family=i386
+
+alpha_magic='\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x26\x90'
+alpha_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff'
+alpha_family=alpha
+
+arm_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28\x00'
+arm_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff'
+arm_family=arm
+
+armeb_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28'
+armeb_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+armeb_family=arm
+
+sparc_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x02'
+sparc_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+sparc_family=sparc
+
+ppc_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x14'
+ppc_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+ppc_family=ppc
+
+m68k_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x04'
+m68k_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+m68k_family=m68k
+
+# FIXME: We could use the other endianness on a MIPS host.
+
+mips_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08'
+mips_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+mips_family=mips
+
+mipsel_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08\x00'
+mipsel_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff'
+mipsel_family=mips
+
+mipsn32_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08'
+mipsn32_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+mipsn32_family=mips
+
+mipsn32el_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08\x00'
+mipsn32el_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff'
+mipsn32el_family=mips
+
+mips64_magic='\x7fELF\x02\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08'
+mips64_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+mips64_family=mips
+
+mips64el_magic='\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08\x00'
+mips64el_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff'
+mips64el_family=mips
+
+sh4_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x2a\x00'
+sh4_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff'
+sh4_family=sh4
+
+sh4eb_magic='\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x2a'
+sh4eb_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+sh4eb_family=sh4
+
+s390x_magic='\x7fELF\x02\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x16'
+s390x_mask='\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff'
+s390x_family=s390x
+
+qemu_get_family() {
+    cpu=$(uname -m)
+    case "$cpu" in
+    i386|i486|i586|i686|i86pc|BePC|x86_64)
+        echo "i386"
+        ;;
+    mips*)
+        echo "mips"
+        ;;
+    "Power Macintosh"|ppc64)
+        echo "ppc"
+        ;;
+    armv[4-9]*)
+        echo "arm"
+        ;;
+    *)
+        echo "$cpu"
+        ;;
+    esac
+}
diff --git a/scripts/qemu-binfmt-conf.sh b/scripts/qemu-binfmt-conf.sh
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 0da2618..6235637
--- a/scripts/qemu-binfmt-conf.sh
+++ b/scripts/qemu-binfmt-conf.sh
@@ -1,69 +1,59 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # enable automatic i386/ARM/M68K/MIPS/SPARC/PPC/s390 program execution by the kernel
 
+MAGIC=$(dirname $(readlink -f "$0"))/binfmts-magic
+
+if [ ! -e "$MAGIC" ] ; then
+    echo "ERROR: file $MAGIC is missing !" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+. "$MAGIC"
+
+QEMU_PATH="$1"
+if [ "$QEMU_PATH" = "" ] ; then
+    QEMU_PATH=/usr/local/bin
+fi
+
 # load the binfmt_misc module
 if [ ! -d /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc ]; then
-  /sbin/modprobe binfmt_misc
+  if ! /sbin/modprobe binfmt_misc ; then
+      exit 1
+  fi
 fi
 if [ ! -f /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register ]; then
-  mount binfmt_misc -t binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
+  if ! mount binfmt_misc -t binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc ; then
+      exit 1
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [ ! -w /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register ] ; then
+    echo "ERROR: cannot write to /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register" 1>&2
+    exit 1
 fi
 
 # probe cpu type
-cpu=`uname -m`
-case "$cpu" in
-  i386|i486|i586|i686|i86pc|BePC|x86_64)
-    cpu="i386"
-  ;;
-  m68k)
-    cpu="m68k"
-  ;;
-  mips*)
-    cpu="mips"
-  ;;
-  "Power Macintosh"|ppc|ppc64)
-    cpu="ppc"
-  ;;
-  armv[4-9]*)
-    cpu="arm"
-  ;;
-esac
+host_family=$(qemu_get_family)
 
 # register the interpreter for each cpu except for the native one
-if [ $cpu != "i386" ] ; then
-    echo ':i386:M::\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x03\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-i386:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-    echo ':i486:M::\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x06\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-i386:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
-if [ $cpu != "alpha" ] ; then
-    echo ':alpha:M::\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x26\x90:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xfe\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-alpha:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
-if [ $cpu != "arm" ] ; then
-    echo   ':arm:M::\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-arm:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-    echo   ':armeb:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-armeb:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
-if [ $cpu != "sparc" ] ; then
-    echo   ':sparc:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x02:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-sparc:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
-if [ $cpu != "ppc" ] ; then
-    echo   ':ppc:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x14:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-ppc:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
-if [ $cpu != "m68k" ] ; then
-    echo   'Please check cpu value and header information for m68k!'
-    echo   ':m68k:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x04:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-m68k:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
-if [ $cpu != "mips" ] ; then
-    # FIXME: We could use the other endianness on a MIPS host.
-    echo   ':mips:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-mips:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-    echo   ':mipsel:M::\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-mipsel:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-    echo   ':mipsn32:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-mipsn32:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-    echo   ':mipsn32el:M::\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-mipsn32el:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-    echo   ':mips64:M::\x7fELF\x02\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-mips64:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-    echo   ':mips64el:M::\x7fELF\x02\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x08\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-mips64el:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
-if [ $cpu != "sh" ] ; then
-    echo    ':sh4:M::\x7fELF\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x2a\x00:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-sh4:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-    echo    ':sh4eb:M::\x7fELF\x01\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x2a:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-sh4eb:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
-if [ $cpu != "s390x" ] ; then
-    echo   ':s390x:M::\x7fELF\x02\x02\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x16:\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff:/usr/local/bin/qemu-s390x:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
-fi
+
+for cpu in ${qemu_target_list} ; do
+    magic=$(eval echo \$${cpu}_magic)
+    mask=$(eval echo \$${cpu}_mask)
+    family=$(eval echo \$${cpu}_family)
+
+    if [ "$magic" = "" -o "$mask" = "" -o "$family" = "" ] ; then
+        echo "INTERNAL ERROR: unknown cpu $cpu" 1>&2
+        continue
+    fi
+
+    qemu="$QEMU_PATH/qemu-$cpu"
+    if [ "$cpu" = "i486" ] ; then
+        qemu="$QEMU_PATH/qemu-i386"
+    fi
+
+    if [ "$host_family" != "$family" ] ; then
+        echo "Setting $qemu as binfmt interpreter for $cpu"
+        echo ":$cpu:M::$magic:$mask:$qemu:" > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
+    fi
+done
-- 
1.7.10.4

[Qemu-devel] [PATCH 2/3] scripts: define qemu-update-binfmt

[Laurent Vivier]

qemu-update-binfmt uses update-binfmts to set qemu as an ELF interpreter
for a given cpu type.

Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
---
 scripts/qemu-update-binfmt |   59 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 59 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 scripts/qemu-update-binfmt

diff --git a/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt b/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..eddcf89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+if [ ! -f /usr/sbin/update-binfmts ] ; then
+    echo "ERROR: this scripts needs update-binfmts" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+MAGIC=$(dirname $(readlink -f "$0"))/binfmts-magic
+
+if [ ! -e "$MAGIC" ] ; then
+    echo "ERROR: file $MAGIC is missing !" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+. "$MAGIC"
+
+# interpreter to install
+
+cpu="$1"
+if [ "$cpu" = "" ] ; then
+    echo "ERROR: you need to specify the cpu target" 1>&2
+    echo "       available targets are:" 1>&2
+    for target in  $qemu_target_list ; do
+        echo "       $target " 1>&2
+    done
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# interpreter path
+
+QEMU_PATH="$2"
+if [ "$QEMU_PATH" = "" ] ; then
+    QEMU_PATH=/usr/local/bin
+fi
+
+# probe cpu type
+
+host_family=$(qemu_get_family)
+
+magic=$(eval echo \$${cpu}_magic)
+mask=$(eval echo \$${cpu}_mask)
+family=$(eval echo \$${cpu}_family)
+
+if [ "$magic" = "" -o "$mask" = "" -o "$family" = "" ] ; then
+    echo "INTERNAL ERROR: unknown cpu $cpu" 1>&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ "$host_family" = "$family" ] ; then
+    echo "WARNING: don't install interpreter for current cpu !" 1>&2
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+qemu="$QEMU_PATH/qemu-$cpu"
+if [ "$cpu" = "i486" ] ; then
+    qemu="$QEMU_PATH/qemu-i386"
+fi
+
+update-binfmts --install $cpu ${qemu} --magic $magic --mask $mask
-- 
1.7.10.4

[Qemu-devel] [PATCH 3/3] scripts: A script to create linux container using qemu-linux-user.

[Laurent Vivier]

sudo qemu-create-lxc.sh <target>

This script mixes linux container, binfmt and qemu to create hybrid linux
container : <target> container on an host kernel.

It will create "light" emulated virtual machine with several steps :
- create a linux-user qemu-<target>
- define it as the binfmt interpreter (using qemu-update-binfmt).
- install a base debian system under /containers/<target> using debootstrap.
  and set a minimal configuration.
- define a linux container

Then you can start the container using : sudo lxc-start -n virt<target>

TARGETS STATUS:

alpha: cannot run debootstrap --second stage*, but chroot is usable
m68k: need patches from qemu-m68k, after that, all is working fine.
mips: container can be started, but console login hangs.
ppc: works fine*
sparc: cannot run debootstrap --second stage (cannot fork)
raspberrypi: (=armhf+raspbian) works*

* needs patches I sent to the mailing-list previously

Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
---
 scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh |  280 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 280 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh

diff --git a/scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh b/scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4d51e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/qemu-create-lxc.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+QEMU_PATH=$(dirname $(dirname $(readlink -f $0)))
+
+TARGET_LIST="i386 m68k alpha sparc mips ppc raspberrypi"
+
+set_i386() {
+	: nothing specific
+}
+
+set_m68k() {
+	DEBIAN_REPO=http://archive.debian.org/debian
+	DEBIAN_DIST=etch-m68k
+	DEBIAN_SIGN=55BE302B
+
+        CONFIGURE_PARAMS=--m68k-default-cpu=m68040
+}
+
+set_alpha() {
+	DEBIAN_REPO=http://archive.debian.org/debian
+	DEBIAN_DIST=lenny
+}
+
+set_sparc() {
+	QEMU_TARGET=sparc32plus
+}
+
+set_mips() {
+	: nothing specific
+}
+
+set_ppc() {
+	DEBIAN_TARGET=powerpc
+}
+
+set_raspberrypi() {
+	DEBIAN_REPO=http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian
+	DEBIAN_DIST=wheezy
+	DEBIAN_SIGN=""
+	DEBIAN_TARGET=armhf
+	QEMU_TARGET=arm
+}
+
+check_target() {
+	found=0
+	for available in $TARGET_LIST
+	do
+		if [ "$available" = "$TARGET" ]
+		then
+			found=1
+			break;
+		fi
+	done
+	if [ $found -eq 0 ]
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: unknown target $TARGET" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	# generic values
+
+	CONTAINER_NAME=virt${TARGET}
+	CONTAINER_PATH=/containers/${TARGET}
+	LXC_CONF=$HOME/lxc-${TARGET}.conf
+
+	DEBIAN_REPO=http://ftp.debian.org/debian
+	DEBIAN_DIST=stable
+	DEBIAN_SIGN=""
+	DEBIAN_TARGET=$TARGET
+
+	QEMU_TARGET=$TARGET
+
+	CHECK_BIN=check_default
+
+	# target specific values
+
+	set_$TARGET
+
+	QEMU_BIN=${QEMU_PATH}/build-${QEMU_TARGET}/${QEMU_TARGET}-linux-user/qemu-${QEMU_TARGET}
+}
+
+check_m68k() {
+	if ${QEMU_BIN} -cpu help | grep -q ">m68040"
+	then
+		echo "Found an existing qemu-m68k, use it !" 1>&2
+		return 0
+	fi
+	echo "Found an existing qemu-m68k, but with no m68040 emulation" 1>&2
+	echo "Please, remove it" 1>&2
+	echo "m68040 emulation is available from " 1>&2
+	echo "git clone git://gitorious.org/qemu-m68k/qemu-m68k.git"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+check_default() {
+	test -e ${QEMU_BIN}
+}
+
+installed_dpkg() {
+	dpkg --status "$1" > /dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+check_env() {
+	if [ ! -e /etc/debian_version ]
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: this script works only on Debian based distro" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	for pkg in zlib1g gcc make debootstrap lxc
+	do
+		if  ! installed_dpkg $pkg
+		then
+			echo "ERROR: $pkg is needed" 1>&2
+			exit 1
+		fi
+	done
+}
+
+create_qemu() {
+	if [ -e "${QEMU_BIN}" ]
+	then
+		if ${CHECK_BIN}
+		then
+			return 0
+		fi
+	fi
+	echo "cd ${QEMU_PATH} && \
+	mkdir build-${QEMU_TARGET} && \
+	cd build-${QEMU_TARGET} && \
+	../configure --static ${CONFIGURE_PARAMS} \
+		     --target-list=${QEMU_TARGET}-linux-user && \
+	make" | sudo -i -u ${SUDO_USER}
+	if ! ${CHECK_BIN}
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: generated qemu binary is invalid !" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+create_root() {
+	# sanity check
+
+	if [ $(readlink -f ${CONTAINER_PATH}/) = "/" ]
+	then
+		echo "ERROR: invalid path ${CONTAINER_PATH}" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	# check directory
+
+	if [ -e "${CONTAINER_PATH}" ]
+	then
+		echo "${CONTAINER_PATH} already exists" 1>&2
+		echo "Please, remove it" 1>&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+
+	# Debian bootstrap
+
+	mkdir -p "${CONTAINER_PATH}"
+	debootstrap --foreign \
+		    --arch=${DEBIAN_TARGET} \
+                    ${DEBIAN_DIST} ${CONTAINER_PATH} \
+		    ${DEBIAN_REPO} && \
+
+	# adding qemu binary
+
+	cp ${QEMU_BIN} ${CONTAINER_PATH}/bin && \
+	${QEMU_PATH}/scripts/qemu-update-binfmt ${QEMU_TARGET} /bin
+
+	# debian bootstrap second stage
+
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
+
+	# configuration
+
+	cat >> ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/fstab <<!EOF
+# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
+proc		/proc		proc	nodev,noexec,nosuid 0	1
+devpts		/dev/pts	devpts	nodev,noexec,nosuid 0	1
+!EOF
+
+	echo "$CONTAINER_NAME" > ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/hostname
+	echo "c:2345:respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 console" >> ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/inittab
+
+	cat >> ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/network/interfaces <<!EOF
+auto eth0
+iface eth0 inet dhcp
+!EOF
+
+	cat >> ${CONTAINER_PATH}/etc/apt/sources.list <<!EOF
+deb ${DEBIAN_REPO} ${DEBIAN_DIST} main contrib non-free
+deb-src ${DEBIAN_REPO} ${DEBIAN_DIST} main contrib non-free
+!EOF
+
+	rm -f ${CONTAINER_PATH}/dev/ptmx
+
+	if [ "$DEBIAN_SIGN" != "" ]
+	then
+		HOME=/root chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} gpg --keyserver pgpkeys.mit.edu --recv-key ${DEBIAN_SIGN}
+		HOME=/root chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} gpg -a --export ${DEBIAN_SIGN} | chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH}  apt-key add -
+	fi
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} apt-get update
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} apt-get install locales
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} dpkg-reconfigure locales
+	chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} passwd
+}
+
+create_lxc() {
+	cat > ${LXC_CONF} <<!EOF
+lxc.utsname = ${CONTAINER_NAME}
+
+lxc.network.type = veth
+lxc.network.flags = up
+lxc.network.link = lxcbr0
+lxc.network.name = eth0
+
+lxc.pts=1023
+lxc.tty=12
+
+lxc.rootfs = ${CONTAINER_PATH}
+
+lxc.cgroup.devices.deny = a
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 136:* rwm # pts
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 254:0 rwm # rtc
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 5:* rwm
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 4:* rwm # ttyXX
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = c 1:* rwm
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = b 7:* rwm # loop
+lxc.cgroup.devices.allow = b 1:* rwm # ram
+
+!EOF
+	lxc-create -n ${CONTAINER_NAME} -f ${LXC_CONF}
+}
+
+TARGET="$1"
+
+if [ "$TARGET" = "" ]
+then
+	echo "ERROR: you must provide a target." 1>&2
+	echo "       Available targets are:" 1>&2
+	echo "       $TARGET_LIST"
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+
+check_env
+check_target
+
+echo "DEBIAN_TARGET : ${DEBIAN_TARGET}"
+echo "QEMU_TARGET   : ${QEMU_TARGET}"
+echo "CONTAINER_NAME: ${CONTAINER_NAME}"
+echo "CONTAINER_PATH: ${CONTAINER_PATH}"
+echo "QEMU_PATH     : ${QEMU_PATH}"
+echo "LXC_CONF      : ${LXC_CONF}"
+echo "DEBIAN_REPO   : ${DEBIAN_REPO}"
+echo "DEBIAN_DIST   : ${DEBIAN_DIST}"
+
+if lxc-list | grep -q ${CONTAINER_NAME}
+then
+	echo "${CONTAINER_NAME} already exists !" 1>&2
+	echo "you can remove it with :" 1>&2
+	echo "    sudo lxc-destroy -n ${CONTAINER_NAME}" 1>&2
+	echo "[WARNING: this will remove the directory too]" 1>&2
+	exit 2
+fi
+
+if [ "$USER" != "root" ]
+then
+	echo "You need to be root to run this command" 2>&1
+	exit 3
+fi
+
+create_qemu
+create_root
+create_lxc
+
+chroot ${CONTAINER_PATH} uname -a
+
+echo "you can now start your container using:"
+echo "    sudo lxc-start -n ${CONTAINER_NAME}"
-- 
1.7.10.4