From: "Philippe Mathieu-Daudé" <f4bug@amsat.org>
To: Subbaraya Sundeep <sundeep.lkml@gmail.com>,
qemu-devel@nongnu.org, qemu-arm@nongnu.org
Cc: peter.maydell@linaro.org, alistair23@gmail.com,
crosthwaite.peter@gmail.com
Subject: Re: [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-devel PATCH 3/5] msf2: Add Smartfusion2 SPI controller
Date: Wed, 10 May 2017 09:12:48 -0300 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <1c2aa7d5-be0c-77e4-50f7-2c30b84fb1ed@amsat.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <1494348286-10253-4-git-send-email-sundeep.lkml@gmail.com>
Hi Subbaraya,
Like my comment for the timer model, I'd name this model "mss_spi".
The only difference I see in the SF2 is the STAT8 register.
No need to register both devices now but maybe you can add a comment
about it?
On 05/09/2017 01:44 PM, Subbaraya Sundeep wrote:
> Modelled Microsemi's Smartfusion2 SPI controller.
>
> Signed-off-by: Subbaraya Sundeep <sundeep.lkml@gmail.com>
> ---
> hw/ssi/Makefile.objs | 1 +
> hw/ssi/msf2-spi.c | 378 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> include/hw/ssi/msf2-spi.h | 105 +++++++++++++
> 3 files changed, 484 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 hw/ssi/msf2-spi.c
> create mode 100644 include/hw/ssi/msf2-spi.h
>
> diff --git a/hw/ssi/Makefile.objs b/hw/ssi/Makefile.objs
> index 487add2..3105c4b 100644
> --- a/hw/ssi/Makefile.objs
> +++ b/hw/ssi/Makefile.objs
> @@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ common-obj-$(CONFIG_XILINX_SPI) += xilinx_spi.o
> common-obj-$(CONFIG_XILINX_SPIPS) += xilinx_spips.o
> common-obj-$(CONFIG_ASPEED_SOC) += aspeed_smc.o
> common-obj-$(CONFIG_STM32F2XX_SPI) += stm32f2xx_spi.o
> +common-obj-$(CONFIG_MSF2) += msf2-spi.o
Not a big deal but his define only appears after applying the next patch.
>
> obj-$(CONFIG_OMAP) += omap_spi.o
> obj-$(CONFIG_IMX) += imx_spi.o
> diff --git a/hw/ssi/msf2-spi.c b/hw/ssi/msf2-spi.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..2059ed9
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/hw/ssi/msf2-spi.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
> +/*
> + * SPI controller model of Microsemi SmartFusion2.
> + *
> + * Copyright (C) 2017 Subbaraya Sundeep <sundeep.lkml@gmail.com>
> + *
> + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
> + * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
> + * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
> + * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
> + * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
> + * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
> + *
> + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
> + * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
> + *
> + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
> + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
> + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
> + * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
> + * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
> + * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
> + * THE SOFTWARE.
> + */
> +
> +#include "hw/ssi/msf2-spi.h"
> +
> +#ifndef MSF2_SPI_ERR_DEBUG
> +#define MSF2_SPI_ERR_DEBUG 0
> +#endif
> +
> +#define DB_PRINT_L(lvl, fmt, args...) do { \
> + if (MSF2_SPI_ERR_DEBUG >= lvl) { \
> + qemu_log("%s: " fmt, __func__, ## args); \
> + } \
> +} while (0);
> +
> +#define DB_PRINT(fmt, args...) DB_PRINT_L(1, fmt, ## args)
> +
> +static void txfifo_reset(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + fifo32_reset(&s->tx_fifo);
> +
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] &= ~S_TXFIFOFUL;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= S_TXFIFOEMP;
> +}
> +
> +static void rxfifo_reset(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + fifo32_reset(&s->rx_fifo);
> +
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] &= ~S_RXFIFOFUL;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= S_RXFIFOEMP;
> +}
> +
> +static void set_fifodepth(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + int size = s->regs[R_SPI_DFSIZE] & FRAMESZ_MASK;
> +
> + if (0 <= size && size <= 8) {
> + s->fifo_depth = 32;
> + }
> + if (9 <= size && size <= 16) {
> + s->fifo_depth = 16;
> + }
> + if (17 <= size && size <= 32) {
> + s->fifo_depth = 8;
> + }
> +}
> +
> +static void msf2_spi_do_reset(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + memset(s->regs, 0, sizeof s->regs);
> + s->regs[R_SPI_CONTROL] = 0x80000102;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_DFSIZE] = 0x4;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] = 0x2440;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_CLKGEN] = 0x7;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STAT8] = 0x7;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_RIS] = 0x0;
> +
> + s->fifo_depth = 4;
> + s->frame_count = 1;
> + s->enabled = false;
> +
> + rxfifo_reset(s);
> + txfifo_reset(s);
> +}
> +
> +static void update_mis(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + uint32_t reg = s->regs[R_SPI_CONTROL];
> + uint32_t tmp;
> +
> + /*
> + * form the Control register interrupt enable bits
> + * same as RIS, MIS and Interrupt clear registers for simplicity
> + */
> + tmp = ((reg & C_INTRXOVRFLO) >> 4) | ((reg & C_INTRXDATA) >> 3) |
> + ((reg & C_INTTXDATA) >> 5);
> + s->regs[R_SPI_MIS] |= tmp & s->regs[R_SPI_RIS];
> +}
> +
> +static void spi_update_irq(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + int irq;
> +
> + update_mis(s);
> + irq = !!(s->regs[R_SPI_MIS]);
> +
> + qemu_set_irq(s->irq, irq);
> +}
> +
> +static void msf2_spi_reset(DeviceState *d)
> +{
> + msf2_spi_do_reset(MSF2_SPI(d));
> +}
> +
> +static uint64_t
> +spi_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned int size)
> +{
> + MSF2SpiState *s = opaque;
> + uint32_t ret = 0;
> +
> + addr >>= 2;
> + switch (addr) {
> + case R_SPI_RX:
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] &= ~S_RXFIFOFUL;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] &= ~RXCHOVRF;
> + ret = fifo32_pop(&s->rx_fifo);
> + if (fifo32_is_empty(&s->rx_fifo)) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= S_RXFIFOEMP;
> + }
> + break;
> +
> + case R_SPI_MIS:
> + update_mis(s);
> + ret = s->regs[R_SPI_MIS];
> + break;
> +
> + default:
> + if (addr < ARRAY_SIZE(s->regs)) {
> + ret = s->regs[addr];
> + } else {
> + qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
> + "%s: Bad offset 0x%" HWADDR_PRIx "\n", __func__,
> + addr * 4);
Drop '\n' while calling qemu_log_mask().
> + }
> + break;
> + }
> +
> + DB_PRINT("addr=0x%" HWADDR_PRIx " = 0x%" PRIx32 "\n", addr * 4, ret);
> + spi_update_irq(s);
> + return ret;
> +}
> +
> +static void assert_cs(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + qemu_set_irq(s->cs_line, 0);
> +}
> +
> +static void deassert_cs(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + qemu_set_irq(s->cs_line, 1);
> +}
> +
> +static void spi_flush_txfifo(MSF2SpiState *s)
> +{
> + uint32_t tx;
> + uint32_t rx;
> + bool sps = !!(s->regs[R_SPI_CONTROL] & C_SPS);
> +
> + /*
> + * Chip Select(CS) is automatically controlled by this controller.
> + * If SPS bit is set in Control register then CS is asserted
> + * until all the frames set in frame count of Control register are
> + * transferred. If SPS is not set then CS pulses between frames.
> + * Note that Slave Select register specifies which of the CS line
> + * has to be controlled automatically by controller. Bits SS[7:1] are for
> + * masters in FPGA fabric since we model only Microcontroller subsystem
> + * of Smartfusion2 we control only one CS(SS[0]) line.
> + */
> + while (!fifo32_is_empty(&s->tx_fifo) && s->frame_count) {
> + assert_cs(s);
> +
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] &= ~TXDONE;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] &= ~RXRDY;
> +
> + tx = fifo32_pop(&s->tx_fifo);
> + DB_PRINT("data tx:0x%" PRIx32 "\n", tx);
> + rx = ssi_transfer(s->spi, tx);
> + DB_PRINT("data rx:0x%" PRIx32 "\n", rx);
> +
> + if (fifo32_num_used(&s->rx_fifo) == s->fifo_depth) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= RXCHOVRF;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_RIS] |= RXCHOVRF;
> + } else {
> + fifo32_push(&s->rx_fifo, rx);
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] &= ~S_RXFIFOEMP;
> + if (fifo32_num_used(&s->rx_fifo) == (s->fifo_depth - 1)) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= S_RXFIFOFULNXT;
> + }
> + if (fifo32_num_used(&s->rx_fifo) == s->fifo_depth) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= S_RXFIFOFUL;
> + }
> + }
> + s->frame_count--;
> + if (!sps) {
> + deassert_cs(s);
> + assert_cs(s);
> + }
> + }
> +
> + if (!sps) {
> + deassert_cs(s);
> + }
> +
> + if (!s->frame_count) {
> + s->frame_count = (s->regs[R_SPI_CONTROL] & FMCOUNT_MASK) >>
> + FMCOUNT_SHIFT;
> + if (sps) {
> + deassert_cs(s);
> + }
> + s->regs[R_SPI_RIS] |= TXDONE;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_RIS] |= RXRDY;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= TXDONE;
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= RXRDY;
> + }
> +}
> +
> +static void spi_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr,
> + uint64_t val64, unsigned int size)
> +{
> + MSF2SpiState *s = opaque;
> + uint32_t value = val64;
> +
> + DB_PRINT("addr=0x%" HWADDR_PRIx " =0x%" PRIx32 "\n", addr, value);
> + addr >>= 2;
> +
> + switch (addr) {
> + case R_SPI_TX:
> + /* adding to already full FIFO */
> + if (fifo32_num_used(&s->tx_fifo) == s->fifo_depth) {
> + break;
> + }
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] &= ~S_TXFIFOEMP;
> + fifo32_push(&s->tx_fifo, value);
> + if (fifo32_num_used(&s->tx_fifo) == (s->fifo_depth - 1)) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= S_TXFIFOFULNXT;
> + }
> + if (fifo32_num_used(&s->tx_fifo) == s->fifo_depth) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_STATUS] |= S_TXFIFOFUL;
> + }
> + if (s->enabled) {
> + spi_flush_txfifo(s);
> + }
> + break;
> +
> + case R_SPI_CONTROL:
> + s->regs[R_SPI_CONTROL] = value;
> + if (value & C_BIGFIFO) {
> + set_fifodepth(s);
> + } else {
> + s->fifo_depth = 4;
> + }
> + if (value & C_ENABLE) {
> + s->enabled = true;
> + } else {
> + s->enabled = false;
> + }
> + s->frame_count = (value & FMCOUNT_MASK) >> FMCOUNT_SHIFT;
> + if (value & C_RESET) {
> + msf2_spi_do_reset(s);
> + }
> + break;
> +
> + case R_SPI_DFSIZE:
> + if (s->enabled) {
> + break;
> + }
> + s->regs[R_SPI_DFSIZE] = value;
> + break;
> +
> + case R_SPI_INTCLR:
> + s->regs[R_SPI_INTCLR] = value;
> + if (value & TXDONE) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_RIS] &= ~TXDONE;
> + }
> + if (value & RXRDY) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_RIS] &= ~RXRDY;
> + }
> + if (value & RXCHOVRF) {
> + s->regs[R_SPI_RIS] &= ~RXCHOVRF;
> + }
> + break;
> +
> + case R_SPI_MIS:
> + case R_SPI_STATUS:
> + case R_SPI_RIS:
> + break;
> +
> + default:
> + if (addr < ARRAY_SIZE(s->regs)) {
> + s->regs[addr] = value;
> + } else {
> + qemu_log_mask(LOG_GUEST_ERROR,
> + "%s: Bad offset 0x%" HWADDR_PRIx "\n", __func__,
> + addr * 4);
> + }
> + break;
> + }
> +
> + spi_update_irq(s);
> +}
> +
> +static const MemoryRegionOps spi_ops = {
> + .read = spi_read,
> + .write = spi_write,
> + .endianness = DEVICE_NATIVE_ENDIAN,
> + .valid = {
> + .min_access_size = 4,
> + .max_access_size = 4
> + }
> +};
> +
> +static void msf2_spi_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
> +{
> + MSF2SpiState *s = MSF2_SPI(dev);
> + SysBusDevice *sbd = SYS_BUS_DEVICE(dev);
> +
> + DB_PRINT("\n");
> +
> + s->spi = ssi_create_bus(dev, "spi0");
> +
> + sysbus_init_irq(sbd, &s->irq);
> + ssi_auto_connect_slaves(dev, &s->cs_line, s->spi);
> + sysbus_init_irq(sbd, &s->cs_line);
> +
> + memory_region_init_io(&s->mmio, OBJECT(s), &spi_ops, s,
> + TYPE_MSF2_SPI, R_SPI_MAX * 4);
> + sysbus_init_mmio(sbd, &s->mmio);
> +
> + fifo32_create(&s->tx_fifo, FIFO_CAPACITY);
> + fifo32_create(&s->rx_fifo, FIFO_CAPACITY);
> +}
> +
> +static const VMStateDescription vmstate_msf2_spi = {
> + .name = TYPE_MSF2_SPI,
> + .version_id = 1,
> + .minimum_version_id = 1,
> + .fields = (VMStateField[]) {
> + VMSTATE_FIFO32(tx_fifo, MSF2SpiState),
> + VMSTATE_FIFO32(rx_fifo, MSF2SpiState),
> + VMSTATE_UINT32_ARRAY(regs, MSF2SpiState, R_SPI_MAX),
> + VMSTATE_END_OF_LIST()
> + }
> +};
> +
> +static void msf2_spi_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, void *data)
> +{
> + DeviceClass *dc = DEVICE_CLASS(klass);
> +
> + dc->realize = msf2_spi_realize;
> + dc->reset = msf2_spi_reset;
> + dc->vmsd = &vmstate_msf2_spi;
> +}
> +
> +static const TypeInfo msf2_spi_info = {
> + .name = TYPE_MSF2_SPI,
> + .parent = TYPE_SYS_BUS_DEVICE,
> + .instance_size = sizeof(MSF2SpiState),
> + .class_init = msf2_spi_class_init,
> +};
> +
> +static void msf2_spi_register_types(void)
> +{
> + type_register_static(&msf2_spi_info);
> +}
> +
> +type_init(msf2_spi_register_types)
> diff --git a/include/hw/ssi/msf2-spi.h b/include/hw/ssi/msf2-spi.h
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..585edde
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/include/hw/ssi/msf2-spi.h
> @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
> +/*
> + * Microsemi SmartFusion2 SPI
> + *
> + * Copyright (c) 2017 Subbaraya Sundeep <sundeep.lkml@gmail.com>
> + *
> + * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
> + * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
> + * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
> + * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
> + * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
> + * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
> + *
> + * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
> + * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
> + *
> + * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
> + * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
> + * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
> + * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
> + * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
> + * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
> + * THE SOFTWARE.
> + */
> +
> +#ifndef HW_MSF2_SPI_H
> +#define HW_MSF2_SPI_H
> +
> +#include "qemu/osdep.h"
> +#include "hw/sysbus.h"
> +#include "hw/hw.h"
> +#include "hw/ssi/ssi.h"
> +#include "qemu/fifo32.h"
> +#include "sysemu/sysemu.h"
> +#include "qemu/log.h"
> +
> +#define FIFO_CAPACITY 32
> +#define FIFO_CAPACITY 32
> +
> +#define R_SPI_CONTROL 0
> +#define R_SPI_DFSIZE 1
> +#define R_SPI_STATUS 2
> +#define R_SPI_INTCLR 3
> +#define R_SPI_RX 4
> +#define R_SPI_TX 5
> +#define R_SPI_CLKGEN 6
> +#define R_SPI_SS 7
> +#define R_SPI_MIS 8
> +#define R_SPI_RIS 9
> +#define R_SPI_STAT8 15
> +#define R_SPI_MAX 16
> +
> +#define S_RXFIFOFUL (1 << 4)
> +#define S_RXFIFOFULNXT (1 << 5)
> +#define S_RXFIFOEMP (1 << 6)
> +#define S_RXFIFOEMPNXT (1 << 7)
> +#define S_TXFIFOFUL (1 << 8)
> +#define S_TXFIFOFULNXT (1 << 9)
> +#define S_TXFIFOEMP (1 << 10)
> +#define S_TXFIFOEMPNXT (1 << 11)
> +#define S_FRAMESTART (1 << 12)
> +#define S_SSEL (1 << 13)
> +#define S_ACTIVE (1 << 14)
> +
> +#define C_ENABLE (1 << 0)
> +#define C_MODE (1 << 1)
> +#define C_INTRXDATA (1 << 4)
> +#define C_INTTXDATA (1 << 5)
> +#define C_INTRXOVRFLO (1 << 6)
> +#define C_SPS (1 << 26)
> +#define C_BIGFIFO (1 << 29)
> +#define C_RESET (1 << 31)
> +
> +#define FRAMESZ_MASK 0x1F
> +#define FMCOUNT_MASK 0x00FFFF00
> +#define FMCOUNT_SHIFT 8
> +
> +#define TXDONE (1 << 0)
> +#define RXRDY (1 << 1)
> +#define RXCHOVRF (1 << 2)
> +
> +#define TYPE_MSF2_SPI "msf2-spi"
> +#define MSF2_SPI(obj) OBJECT_CHECK(MSF2SpiState, (obj), TYPE_MSF2_SPI)
> +
> +typedef struct MSF2SpiState {
> + SysBusDevice parent_obj;
> +
> + MemoryRegion mmio;
> +
> + qemu_irq irq;
> +
> + qemu_irq cs_line;
> +
> + SSIBus *spi;
> +
> + Fifo32 rx_fifo;
> + Fifo32 tx_fifo;
> +
> + int fifo_depth;
> + uint32_t frame_count;
> + bool enabled;
> +
> + uint32_t regs[R_SPI_MAX];
> +} MSF2SpiState;
> +
> +#endif /* HW_MSF2_SPI_H */
>
Regards,
Phil.
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2017-05-10 12:13 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 26+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2017-05-09 16:44 [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-devel PATCH 0/5] Add support for Smartfusion2 SoC Subbaraya Sundeep
2017-05-09 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-devel PATCH 1/5] msf2: Add Smartfusion2 System timer Subbaraya Sundeep
2017-05-10 9:41 ` [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-arm] " Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-10 12:37 ` sundeep subbaraya
2017-05-12 4:38 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-12 5:16 ` sundeep subbaraya
2017-05-15 11:52 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-16 6:41 ` sundeep subbaraya
2017-05-09 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-devel PATCH 2/5] msf2: Microsemi Smartfusion2 System Register block Subbaraya Sundeep
2017-05-10 10:34 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-12 3:48 ` sundeep subbaraya
2017-05-12 4:12 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-09 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-devel PATCH 3/5] msf2: Add Smartfusion2 SPI controller Subbaraya Sundeep
2017-05-10 12:12 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé [this message]
2017-05-12 3:31 ` sundeep subbaraya
2017-05-12 3:54 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-09 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-devel PATCH 4/5] msf2: Add Smartfusion2 SoC Subbaraya Sundeep
2017-05-10 11:50 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-12 3:17 ` sundeep subbaraya
2017-05-12 5:02 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-15 16:54 ` Alistair Francis
2017-05-16 6:40 ` sundeep subbaraya
2017-05-09 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-devel PATCH 5/5] msf2: Add Emcraft's Smartfusion2 SOM kit Subbaraya Sundeep
2017-05-10 11:16 ` Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-10 9:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [Qemu-arm] [Qemu-devel PATCH 0/5] Add support for Smartfusion2 SoC Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2017-05-10 15:24 ` sundeep subbaraya
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=1c2aa7d5-be0c-77e4-50f7-2c30b84fb1ed@amsat.org \
--to=f4bug@amsat.org \
--cc=alistair23@gmail.com \
--cc=crosthwaite.peter@gmail.com \
--cc=peter.maydell@linaro.org \
--cc=qemu-arm@nongnu.org \
--cc=qemu-devel@nongnu.org \
--cc=sundeep.lkml@gmail.com \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).