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[109.42.51.231]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id 5b1f17b1804b1-43ce5d2808dsm92667295e9.13.2025.03.10.09.57.08 (version=TLS1_3 cipher=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 bits=128/128); Mon, 10 Mar 2025 09:57:09 -0700 (PDT) Message-ID: <1cd5fa82-50db-418c-bd9e-ce6fda3c6ee4@redhat.com> Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2025 17:57:07 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird Subject: Re: [RFC] Proposal for a QEMU video subsystem for cameras and webcams To: =?UTF-8?Q?Alex_Benn=C3=A9e?= , David Milosevic Cc: qemu-devel@nongnu.org, Marcello Sylvester Bauer , pizhenwei@bytedance.com References: <87senk7rro.fsf@draig.linaro.org> From: Thomas Huth Content-Language: en-US Autocrypt: addr=thuth@redhat.com; keydata= xsFNBFH7eUwBEACzyOXKU+5Pcs6wNpKzrlJwzRl3VGZt95VCdb+FgoU9g11m7FWcOafrVRwU yYkTm9+7zBUc0sW5AuPGR/dp3pSLX/yFWsA/UB4nJsHqgDvDU7BImSeiTrnpMOTXb7Arw2a2 4CflIyFqjCpfDM4MuTmzTjXq4Uov1giGE9X6viNo1pxyEpd7PanlKNnf4PqEQp06X4IgUacW tSGj6Gcns1bCuHV8OPWLkf4hkRnu8hdL6i60Yxz4E6TqlrpxsfYwLXgEeswPHOA6Mn4Cso9O 0lewVYfFfsmokfAVMKWzOl1Sr0KGI5T9CpmRfAiSHpthhHWnECcJFwl72NTi6kUcUzG4se81 O6n9d/kTj7pzTmBdfwuOZ0YUSqcqs0W+l1NcASSYZQaDoD3/SLk+nqVeCBB4OnYOGhgmIHNW 0CwMRO/GK+20alxzk//V9GmIM2ACElbfF8+Uug3pqiHkVnKqM7W9/S1NH2qmxB6zMiJUHlTH gnVeZX0dgH27mzstcF786uPcdEqS0KJuxh2kk5IvUSL3Qn3ZgmgdxBMyCPciD/1cb7/Ahazr 3ThHQXSHXkH/aDXdfLsKVuwDzHLVSkdSnZdt5HHh75/NFHxwaTlydgfHmFFwodK8y/TjyiGZ zg2Kje38xnz8zKn9iesFBCcONXS7txENTzX0z80WKBhK+XSFJwARAQABzR5UaG9tYXMgSHV0 aCA8dGh1dGhAcmVkaGF0LmNvbT7CwXgEEwECACIFAlVgX6oCGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQW AgMBAh4BAheAAAoJEC7Z13T+cC21EbIP/ii9cvT2HHGbFRl8HqGT6+7Wkb+XLMqJBMAIGiQK QIP3xk1HPTsLfVG0ao4hy/oYkGNOP8+ubLnZen6Yq3zAFiMhQ44lvgigDYJo3Ve59gfe99KX EbtB+X95ODARkq0McR6OAsPNJ7gpEUzfkQUUJTXRDQXfG/FX303Gvk+YU0spm2tsIKPl6AmV 1CegDljzjycyfJbk418MQmMu2T82kjrkEofUO2a24ed3VGC0/Uz//XCR2ZTo+vBoBUQl41BD eFFtoCSrzo3yPFS+w5fkH9NT8ChdpSlbNS32NhYQhJtr9zjWyFRf0Zk+T/1P7ECn6gTEkp5k ofFIA4MFBc/fXbaDRtBmPB0N9pqTFApIUI4vuFPPO0JDrII9dLwZ6lO9EKiwuVlvr1wwzsgq zJTPBU3qHaUO4d/8G+gD7AL/6T4zi8Jo/GmjBsnYaTzbm94lf0CjXjsOX3seMhaE6WAZOQQG tZHAO1kAPWpaxne+wtgMKthyPLNwelLf+xzGvrIKvLX6QuLoWMnWldu22z2ICVnLQChlR9d6 WW8QFEpo/FK7omuS8KvvopFcOOdlbFMM8Y/8vBgVMSsK6fsYUhruny/PahprPbYGiNIhKqz7 UvgyZVl4pBFjTaz/SbimTk210vIlkDyy1WuS8Zsn0htv4+jQPgo9rqFE4mipJjy/iboDzsFN BFH7eUwBEAC2nzfUeeI8dv0C4qrfCPze6NkryUflEut9WwHhfXCLjtvCjnoGqFelH/PE9NF4 4VPSCdvD1SSmFVzu6T9qWdcwMSaC+e7G/z0/AhBfqTeosAF5XvKQlAb9ZPkdDr7YN0a1XDfa +NgA+JZB4ROyBZFFAwNHT+HCnyzy0v9Sh3BgJJwfpXHH2l3LfncvV8rgFv0bvdr70U+On2XH 5bApOyW1WpIG5KPJlDdzcQTyptOJ1dnEHfwnABEfzI3dNf63rlxsGouX/NFRRRNqkdClQR3K gCwciaXfZ7ir7fF0u1N2UuLsWA8Ei1JrNypk+MRxhbvdQC4tyZCZ8mVDk+QOK6pyK2f4rMf/ WmqxNTtAVmNuZIwnJdjRMMSs4W4w6N/bRvpqtykSqx7VXcgqtv6eqoDZrNuhGbekQA0sAnCJ VPArerAZGArm63o39me/bRUQeQVSxEBmg66yshF9HkcUPGVeC4B0TPwz+HFcVhheo6hoJjLq knFOPLRj+0h+ZL+D0GenyqD3CyuyeTT5dGcNU9qT74bdSr20k/CklvI7S9yoQje8BeQAHtdV cvO8XCLrpGuw9SgOS7OP5oI26a0548M4KldAY+kqX6XVphEw3/6U1KTf7WxW5zYLTtadjISB X9xsRWSU+Yqs3C7oN5TIPSoj9tXMoxZkCIHWvnqGwZ7JhwARAQABwsFfBBgBAgAJBQJR+3lM AhsMAAoJEC7Z13T+cC21hPAQAIsBL9MdGpdEpvXs9CYrBkd6tS9mbaSWj6XBDfA1AEdQkBOn ZH1Qt7HJesk+qNSnLv6+jP4VwqK5AFMrKJ6IjE7jqgzGxtcZnvSjeDGPF1h2CKZQPpTw890k fy18AvgFHkVk2Oylyexw3aOBsXg6ukN44vIFqPoc+YSU0+0QIdYJp/XFsgWxnFIMYwDpxSHS 5fdDxUjsk3UBHZx+IhFjs2siVZi5wnHIqM7eK9abr2cK2weInTBwXwqVWjsXZ4tq5+jQrwDK cvxIcwXdUTLGxc4/Z/VRH1PZSvfQxdxMGmNTGaXVNfdFZjm4fz0mz+OUi6AHC4CZpwnsliGV ODqwX8Y1zic9viSTbKS01ZNp175POyWViUk9qisPZB7ypfSIVSEULrL347qY/hm9ahhqmn17 Ng255syASv3ehvX7iwWDfzXbA0/TVaqwa1YIkec+/8miicV0zMP9siRcYQkyTqSzaTFBBmqD oiT+z+/E59qj/EKfyce3sbC9XLjXv3mHMrq1tKX4G7IJGnS989E/fg6crv6NHae9Ckm7+lSs IQu4bBP2GxiRQ+NV3iV/KU3ebMRzqIC//DCOxzQNFNJAKldPe/bKZMCxEqtVoRkuJtNdp/5a yXFZ6TfE1hGKrDBYAm4vrnZ4CXFSBDllL59cFFOJCkn4Xboj/aVxxJxF30bn In-Reply-To: <87senk7rro.fsf@draig.linaro.org> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Received-SPF: pass client-ip=170.10.129.124; envelope-from=thuth@redhat.com; helo=us-smtp-delivery-124.mimecast.com X-Spam_score_int: -20 X-Spam_score: -2.1 X-Spam_bar: -- X-Spam_report: (-2.1 / 5.0 requ) BAYES_00=-1.9, DKIMWL_WL_HIGH=-0.001, DKIM_SIGNED=0.1, DKIM_VALID=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_AU=-0.1, DKIM_VALID_EF=-0.1, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE=-0.0001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_H5=0.001, RCVD_IN_MSPIKE_WL=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_RPBL_BLOCKED=0.001, RCVD_IN_VALIDITY_SAFE_BLOCKED=0.001, SPF_HELO_NONE=0.001, SPF_PASS=-0.001 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no X-Spam_action: no action X-BeenThere: qemu-devel@nongnu.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: qemu-devel-bounces+qemu-devel=archiver.kernel.org@nongnu.org Sender: qemu-devel-bounces+qemu-devel=archiver.kernel.org@nongnu.org On 10/03/2025 17.51, Alex Bennée wrote: > David Milosevic writes: > >> Dear QEMU Developers, >> >> I would like to propose the development of a video subsystem in QEMU, with the initial >> implementation focusing on UVC video device emulation and support for multiple >> backends, including V4L2, GStreamer, and libcamera. >> >> This work is already in progress at 9elements, and we would like to upstream it. >> >> == Motivation >> >> Currently, USB pass-through is the only way to make video devices available to guests, which >> >> - excludes non-USB cameras (e.g., MIPI) >> - performs poorly with high-resolution cameras >> - does not work with USB 3.0 video devices (Issue #1613) >> >> == Proposal >> >> We aim to introduce a video subsystem in QEMU that allows for the implementation of various >> video devices, similar to how QEMU handles audio. The first device implementation will be >> UVC (USB Video Class) device emulation, with support for multiple backends. Future extensions >> could include virtio-video or other PCI-based video devices. > > Are you aware of virtio-media? It was an alternative proposal to > virtio-video which effectively becomes an encapsulation of v4l to the > guest. ... but USB video would also be nice, wouldn't it? That could enable guests to use webcams without needing additional virtio drivers for it, I think? >> Supported backends: >> >> - Video4Linux (V4L2) >> - GStreamer >> - libcamera >> >> == Example: V4L2 Backend >> >> Once implemented, a typical QEMU command line for using a V4L2 backend would look like this >> >> ./build/qemu-system-x86_64 \ >> -device qemu-xhci \ >> -videodev v4l2,id=cam0,device=/dev/video0 \ Just a quick comment here: QEMU tries often to avoid to introduce new top-level command line switches nowadays. Would it be possible to use "-object" for this instead, like it is e.g. done with the memory backends or rng backends? Thomas >> -device usb-video,videodev=cam0 >> >> This sets up a UVC emulated device in the guest, using /dev/video0 from the >> host via the V4L2 backend. >> >> == Next Steps >> >> We welcome feedback on design considerations and integration approaches. Let us know >> if there are existing discussions or preferred directions for this work. >> >> Best regards, >> >> David Milosevic >> Firmware Developer >> 9elements >