From: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
To: qemu-block@nongnu.org
Cc: kwolf@redhat.com, qemu-devel@nongnu.org
Subject: [Qemu-devel] [PULL 18/35] block: ignore_bds_parents parameter for drain functions
Date: Mon, 18 Jun 2018 18:44:47 +0200 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20180618164504.24488-19-kwolf@redhat.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20180618164504.24488-1-kwolf@redhat.com>
In the future, bdrv_drained_all_begin/end() will drain all invidiual
nodes separately rather than whole subtrees. This means that we don't
want to propagate the drain to all parents any more: If the parent is a
BDS, it will already be drained separately. Recursing to all parents is
unnecessary work and would make it an O(n²) operation.
Prepare the drain function for the changed drain_all by adding an
ignore_bds_parents parameter to the internal implementation that
prevents the propagation of the drain to BDS parents. We still (have to)
propagate it to non-BDS parents like BlockBackends or Jobs because those
are not drained separately.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
---
include/block/block.h | 16 ++++++---
include/block/block_int.h | 6 ++++
block.c | 11 +++---
block/io.c | 88 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
block/vvfat.c | 1 +
5 files changed, 78 insertions(+), 44 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/block/block.h b/include/block/block.h
index 067d24cc4a..836746e4e1 100644
--- a/include/block/block.h
+++ b/include/block/block.h
@@ -557,7 +557,8 @@ void bdrv_io_unplug(BlockDriverState *bs);
* Begin a quiesced section of all users of @bs. This is part of
* bdrv_drained_begin.
*/
-void bdrv_parent_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore);
+void bdrv_parent_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore,
+ bool ignore_bds_parents);
/**
* bdrv_parent_drained_end:
@@ -565,18 +566,23 @@ void bdrv_parent_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore);
* End a quiesced section of all users of @bs. This is part of
* bdrv_drained_end.
*/
-void bdrv_parent_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore);
+void bdrv_parent_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore,
+ bool ignore_bds_parents);
/**
* bdrv_drain_poll:
*
* Poll for pending requests in @bs, its parents (except for @ignore_parent),
- * and if @recursive is true its children as well.
+ * and if @recursive is true its children as well (used for subtree drain).
+ *
+ * If @ignore_bds_parents is true, parents that are BlockDriverStates must
+ * ignore the drain request because they will be drained separately (used for
+ * drain_all).
*
* This is part of bdrv_drained_begin.
*/
bool bdrv_drain_poll(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
- BdrvChild *ignore_parent);
+ BdrvChild *ignore_parent, bool ignore_bds_parents);
/**
* bdrv_drained_begin:
@@ -597,7 +603,7 @@ void bdrv_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs);
* running requests to complete.
*/
void bdrv_do_drained_begin_quiesce(BlockDriverState *bs,
- BdrvChild *parent);
+ BdrvChild *parent, bool ignore_bds_parents);
/**
* Like bdrv_drained_begin, but recursively begins a quiesced section for
diff --git a/include/block/block_int.h b/include/block/block_int.h
index 1b811db8ec..1abfc26d76 100644
--- a/include/block/block_int.h
+++ b/include/block/block_int.h
@@ -577,6 +577,12 @@ struct BdrvChildRole {
* points to. */
bool stay_at_node;
+ /* If true, the parent is a BlockDriverState and bdrv_next_all_states()
+ * will return it. This information is used for drain_all, where every node
+ * will be drained separately, so the drain only needs to be propagated to
+ * non-BDS parents. */
+ bool parent_is_bds;
+
void (*inherit_options)(int *child_flags, QDict *child_options,
int parent_flags, QDict *parent_options);
diff --git a/block.c b/block.c
index 50f8e3dc3b..c8586f41ba 100644
--- a/block.c
+++ b/block.c
@@ -818,13 +818,13 @@ static char *bdrv_child_get_parent_desc(BdrvChild *c)
static void bdrv_child_cb_drained_begin(BdrvChild *child)
{
BlockDriverState *bs = child->opaque;
- bdrv_do_drained_begin_quiesce(bs, NULL);
+ bdrv_do_drained_begin_quiesce(bs, NULL, false);
}
static bool bdrv_child_cb_drained_poll(BdrvChild *child)
{
BlockDriverState *bs = child->opaque;
- return bdrv_drain_poll(bs, false, NULL);
+ return bdrv_drain_poll(bs, false, NULL, false);
}
static void bdrv_child_cb_drained_end(BdrvChild *child)
@@ -908,6 +908,7 @@ static void bdrv_inherited_options(int *child_flags, QDict *child_options,
}
const BdrvChildRole child_file = {
+ .parent_is_bds = true,
.get_parent_desc = bdrv_child_get_parent_desc,
.inherit_options = bdrv_inherited_options,
.drained_begin = bdrv_child_cb_drained_begin,
@@ -933,6 +934,7 @@ static void bdrv_inherited_fmt_options(int *child_flags, QDict *child_options,
}
const BdrvChildRole child_format = {
+ .parent_is_bds = true,
.get_parent_desc = bdrv_child_get_parent_desc,
.inherit_options = bdrv_inherited_fmt_options,
.drained_begin = bdrv_child_cb_drained_begin,
@@ -1051,6 +1053,7 @@ static int bdrv_backing_update_filename(BdrvChild *c, BlockDriverState *base,
}
const BdrvChildRole child_backing = {
+ .parent_is_bds = true,
.get_parent_desc = bdrv_child_get_parent_desc,
.attach = bdrv_backing_attach,
.detach = bdrv_backing_detach,
@@ -4957,7 +4960,7 @@ void bdrv_set_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs, AioContext *new_context)
AioContext *ctx = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
aio_disable_external(ctx);
- bdrv_parent_drained_begin(bs, NULL);
+ bdrv_parent_drained_begin(bs, NULL, false);
bdrv_drain(bs); /* ensure there are no in-flight requests */
while (aio_poll(ctx, false)) {
@@ -4971,7 +4974,7 @@ void bdrv_set_aio_context(BlockDriverState *bs, AioContext *new_context)
*/
aio_context_acquire(new_context);
bdrv_attach_aio_context(bs, new_context);
- bdrv_parent_drained_end(bs, NULL);
+ bdrv_parent_drained_end(bs, NULL, false);
aio_enable_external(ctx);
aio_context_release(new_context);
}
diff --git a/block/io.c b/block/io.c
index 1a9974c136..1834a14aa6 100644
--- a/block/io.c
+++ b/block/io.c
@@ -41,12 +41,13 @@
static int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_do_pwrite_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs,
int64_t offset, int bytes, BdrvRequestFlags flags);
-void bdrv_parent_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore)
+void bdrv_parent_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore,
+ bool ignore_bds_parents)
{
BdrvChild *c, *next;
QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(c, &bs->parents, next_parent, next) {
- if (c == ignore) {
+ if (c == ignore || (ignore_bds_parents && c->role->parent_is_bds)) {
continue;
}
if (c->role->drained_begin) {
@@ -55,12 +56,13 @@ void bdrv_parent_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore)
}
}
-void bdrv_parent_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore)
+void bdrv_parent_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore,
+ bool ignore_bds_parents)
{
BdrvChild *c, *next;
QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(c, &bs->parents, next_parent, next) {
- if (c == ignore) {
+ if (c == ignore || (ignore_bds_parents && c->role->parent_is_bds)) {
continue;
}
if (c->role->drained_end) {
@@ -69,13 +71,14 @@ void bdrv_parent_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore)
}
}
-static bool bdrv_parent_drained_poll(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore)
+static bool bdrv_parent_drained_poll(BlockDriverState *bs, BdrvChild *ignore,
+ bool ignore_bds_parents)
{
BdrvChild *c, *next;
bool busy = false;
QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(c, &bs->parents, next_parent, next) {
- if (c == ignore) {
+ if (c == ignore || (ignore_bds_parents && c->role->parent_is_bds)) {
continue;
}
if (c->role->drained_poll) {
@@ -167,6 +170,7 @@ typedef struct {
bool recursive;
bool poll;
BdrvChild *parent;
+ bool ignore_bds_parents;
} BdrvCoDrainData;
static void coroutine_fn bdrv_drain_invoke_entry(void *opaque)
@@ -220,11 +224,11 @@ static void bdrv_drain_invoke(BlockDriverState *bs, bool begin)
/* Returns true if BDRV_POLL_WHILE() should go into a blocking aio_poll() */
bool bdrv_drain_poll(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
- BdrvChild *ignore_parent)
+ BdrvChild *ignore_parent, bool ignore_bds_parents)
{
BdrvChild *child, *next;
- if (bdrv_parent_drained_poll(bs, ignore_parent)) {
+ if (bdrv_parent_drained_poll(bs, ignore_parent, ignore_bds_parents)) {
return true;
}
@@ -233,8 +237,9 @@ bool bdrv_drain_poll(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
}
if (recursive) {
+ assert(!ignore_bds_parents);
QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(child, &bs->children, next, next) {
- if (bdrv_drain_poll(child->bs, recursive, child)) {
+ if (bdrv_drain_poll(child->bs, recursive, child, false)) {
return true;
}
}
@@ -250,13 +255,14 @@ static bool bdrv_drain_poll_top_level(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
* have executed. */
while (aio_poll(bs->aio_context, false));
- return bdrv_drain_poll(bs, recursive, ignore_parent);
+ return bdrv_drain_poll(bs, recursive, ignore_parent, false);
}
static void bdrv_do_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
- BdrvChild *parent, bool poll);
+ BdrvChild *parent, bool ignore_bds_parents,
+ bool poll);
static void bdrv_do_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
- BdrvChild *parent);
+ BdrvChild *parent, bool ignore_bds_parents);
static void bdrv_co_drain_bh_cb(void *opaque)
{
@@ -267,9 +273,11 @@ static void bdrv_co_drain_bh_cb(void *opaque)
if (bs) {
bdrv_dec_in_flight(bs);
if (data->begin) {
- bdrv_do_drained_begin(bs, data->recursive, data->parent, data->poll);
+ bdrv_do_drained_begin(bs, data->recursive, data->parent,
+ data->ignore_bds_parents, data->poll);
} else {
- bdrv_do_drained_end(bs, data->recursive, data->parent);
+ bdrv_do_drained_end(bs, data->recursive, data->parent,
+ data->ignore_bds_parents);
}
} else {
assert(data->begin);
@@ -282,7 +290,9 @@ static void bdrv_co_drain_bh_cb(void *opaque)
static void coroutine_fn bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(BlockDriverState *bs,
bool begin, bool recursive,
- BdrvChild *parent, bool poll)
+ BdrvChild *parent,
+ bool ignore_bds_parents,
+ bool poll)
{
BdrvCoDrainData data;
@@ -297,6 +307,7 @@ static void coroutine_fn bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(BlockDriverState *bs,
.begin = begin,
.recursive = recursive,
.parent = parent,
+ .ignore_bds_parents = ignore_bds_parents,
.poll = poll,
};
if (bs) {
@@ -312,7 +323,7 @@ static void coroutine_fn bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(BlockDriverState *bs,
}
void bdrv_do_drained_begin_quiesce(BlockDriverState *bs,
- BdrvChild *parent)
+ BdrvChild *parent, bool ignore_bds_parents)
{
assert(!qemu_in_coroutine());
@@ -321,26 +332,30 @@ void bdrv_do_drained_begin_quiesce(BlockDriverState *bs,
aio_disable_external(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs));
}
- bdrv_parent_drained_begin(bs, parent);
+ bdrv_parent_drained_begin(bs, parent, ignore_bds_parents);
bdrv_drain_invoke(bs, true);
}
static void bdrv_do_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
- BdrvChild *parent, bool poll)
+ BdrvChild *parent, bool ignore_bds_parents,
+ bool poll)
{
BdrvChild *child, *next;
if (qemu_in_coroutine()) {
- bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(bs, true, recursive, parent, poll);
+ bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(bs, true, recursive, parent, ignore_bds_parents,
+ poll);
return;
}
- bdrv_do_drained_begin_quiesce(bs, parent);
+ bdrv_do_drained_begin_quiesce(bs, parent, ignore_bds_parents);
if (recursive) {
+ assert(!ignore_bds_parents);
bs->recursive_quiesce_counter++;
QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(child, &bs->children, next, next) {
- bdrv_do_drained_begin(child->bs, true, child, false);
+ bdrv_do_drained_begin(child->bs, true, child, ignore_bds_parents,
+ false);
}
}
@@ -354,28 +369,30 @@ static void bdrv_do_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
* nodes.
*/
if (poll) {
+ assert(!ignore_bds_parents);
BDRV_POLL_WHILE(bs, bdrv_drain_poll_top_level(bs, recursive, parent));
}
}
void bdrv_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
- bdrv_do_drained_begin(bs, false, NULL, true);
+ bdrv_do_drained_begin(bs, false, NULL, false, true);
}
void bdrv_subtree_drained_begin(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
- bdrv_do_drained_begin(bs, true, NULL, true);
+ bdrv_do_drained_begin(bs, true, NULL, false, true);
}
-void bdrv_do_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
- BdrvChild *parent)
+static void bdrv_do_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
+ BdrvChild *parent, bool ignore_bds_parents)
{
BdrvChild *child, *next;
int old_quiesce_counter;
if (qemu_in_coroutine()) {
- bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(bs, false, recursive, parent, false);
+ bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(bs, false, recursive, parent, ignore_bds_parents,
+ false);
return;
}
assert(bs->quiesce_counter > 0);
@@ -383,27 +400,28 @@ void bdrv_do_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs, bool recursive,
/* Re-enable things in child-to-parent order */
bdrv_drain_invoke(bs, false);
- bdrv_parent_drained_end(bs, parent);
+ bdrv_parent_drained_end(bs, parent, ignore_bds_parents);
if (old_quiesce_counter == 1) {
aio_enable_external(bdrv_get_aio_context(bs));
}
if (recursive) {
+ assert(!ignore_bds_parents);
bs->recursive_quiesce_counter--;
QLIST_FOREACH_SAFE(child, &bs->children, next, next) {
- bdrv_do_drained_end(child->bs, true, child);
+ bdrv_do_drained_end(child->bs, true, child, ignore_bds_parents);
}
}
}
void bdrv_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
- bdrv_do_drained_end(bs, false, NULL);
+ bdrv_do_drained_end(bs, false, NULL, false);
}
void bdrv_subtree_drained_end(BlockDriverState *bs)
{
- bdrv_do_drained_end(bs, true, NULL);
+ bdrv_do_drained_end(bs, true, NULL, false);
}
void bdrv_apply_subtree_drain(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *new_parent)
@@ -411,7 +429,7 @@ void bdrv_apply_subtree_drain(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *new_parent)
int i;
for (i = 0; i < new_parent->recursive_quiesce_counter; i++) {
- bdrv_do_drained_begin(child->bs, true, child, true);
+ bdrv_do_drained_begin(child->bs, true, child, false, true);
}
}
@@ -420,7 +438,7 @@ void bdrv_unapply_subtree_drain(BdrvChild *child, BlockDriverState *old_parent)
int i;
for (i = 0; i < old_parent->recursive_quiesce_counter; i++) {
- bdrv_do_drained_end(child->bs, true, child);
+ bdrv_do_drained_end(child->bs, true, child, false);
}
}
@@ -472,7 +490,7 @@ void bdrv_drain_all_begin(void)
BdrvNextIterator it;
if (qemu_in_coroutine()) {
- bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(NULL, true, false, NULL, true);
+ bdrv_co_yield_to_drain(NULL, true, false, NULL, false, true);
return;
}
@@ -486,7 +504,7 @@ void bdrv_drain_all_begin(void)
AioContext *aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
- bdrv_do_drained_begin(bs, true, NULL, true);
+ bdrv_do_drained_begin(bs, true, NULL, false, true);
aio_context_release(aio_context);
}
@@ -504,7 +522,7 @@ void bdrv_drain_all_end(void)
AioContext *aio_context = bdrv_get_aio_context(bs);
aio_context_acquire(aio_context);
- bdrv_do_drained_end(bs, true, NULL);
+ bdrv_do_drained_end(bs, true, NULL, false);
aio_context_release(aio_context);
}
}
diff --git a/block/vvfat.c b/block/vvfat.c
index 4595f335b8..c7d2ed2d96 100644
--- a/block/vvfat.c
+++ b/block/vvfat.c
@@ -3134,6 +3134,7 @@ static void vvfat_qcow_options(int *child_flags, QDict *child_options,
}
static const BdrvChildRole child_vvfat_qcow = {
+ .parent_is_bds = true,
.inherit_options = vvfat_qcow_options,
};
--
2.13.6
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2018-06-18 16:45 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 47+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2018-06-18 16:44 [Qemu-devel] [PULL 00/35] Block layer patches Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 01/35] test-bdrv-drain: bdrv_drain() works with cross-AioContext events Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 02/35] block: Use bdrv_do_drain_begin/end in bdrv_drain_all() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 03/35] block: Remove 'recursive' parameter from bdrv_drain_invoke() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 04/35] block: Don't manually poll in bdrv_drain_all() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 05/35] tests/test-bdrv-drain: bdrv_drain_all() works in coroutines now Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 06/35] block: Avoid unnecessary aio_poll() in AIO_WAIT_WHILE() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 07/35] block: Really pause block jobs on drain Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 08/35] block: Remove bdrv_drain_recurse() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 09/35] test-bdrv-drain: Add test for node deletion Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 10/35] block: Drain recursively with a single BDRV_POLL_WHILE() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 11/35] test-bdrv-drain: Test node deletion in subtree recursion Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 12/35] block: Don't poll in parent drain callbacks Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 13/35] test-bdrv-drain: Graph change through parent callback Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 14/35] block: Defer .bdrv_drain_begin callback to polling phase Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 15/35] test-bdrv-drain: Test that bdrv_drain_invoke() doesn't poll Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 16/35] block: Allow AIO_WAIT_WHILE with NULL ctx Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 17/35] block: Move bdrv_drain_all_begin() out of coroutine context Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` Kevin Wolf [this message]
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 19/35] block: Allow graph changes in bdrv_drain_all_begin/end sections Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 20/35] test-bdrv-drain: Test graph changes in drain_all section Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 21/35] block: fix QEMU crash with scsi-hd and drive_del Kevin Wolf
2018-08-06 22:04 ` Eric Blake
2018-08-07 19:57 ` Eric Blake
2018-08-08 9:33 ` Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
2018-08-08 14:32 ` Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
2018-08-08 14:53 ` Eric Blake
2018-08-08 11:40 ` Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
2018-08-08 12:53 ` Eric Blake
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 22/35] block/mirror: Pull out mirror_perform() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 23/35] block/mirror: Convert to coroutines Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 24/35] block/mirror: Use CoQueue to wait on in-flight ops Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 25/35] block/mirror: Wait for in-flight op conflicts Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 26/35] block/mirror: Use source as a BdrvChild Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 27/35] block: Generalize should_update_child() rule Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 28/35] hbitmap: Add @advance param to hbitmap_iter_next() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 29/35] test-hbitmap: Add non-advancing iter_next tests Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:44 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 30/35] block/dirty-bitmap: Add bdrv_dirty_iter_next_area Kevin Wolf
2018-08-03 15:17 ` Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
2018-06-18 16:45 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 31/35] block/mirror: Add MirrorBDSOpaque Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:45 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 32/35] job: Add job_progress_increase_remaining() Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:45 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 33/35] block/mirror: Add active mirroring Kevin Wolf
2018-08-03 15:20 ` Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
2018-06-18 16:45 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 34/35] block/mirror: Add copy mode QAPI interface Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 16:45 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 35/35] iotests: Add test for active mirroring Kevin Wolf
2018-06-18 18:50 ` [Qemu-devel] [PULL 00/35] Block layer patches no-reply
2018-06-19 15:57 ` Peter Maydell
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