[PATCH v1 5/9] vfio: Support for RamDiscardMgr in the vIOMMU case

[David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>]

vIOMMU support works already with RamDiscardMgr as long as guests only
map populated memory. Both, populated and discarded memory is mapped
into &address_space_memory, where vfio_get_xlat_addr() will find that
memory, to create the vfio mapping.

Sane guests will never map discarded memory (e.g., unplugged memory
blocks in virtio-mem) into an IOMMU - or keep it mapped into an IOMMU while
memory is getting discarded. However, there are two cases where a malicious
guests could trigger pinning of more memory than intended.

One case is easy to handle: the guest trying to map discarded memory
into an IOMMU.

The other case is harder to handle: the guest keeping memory mapped in
the IOMMU while it is getting discarded. We would have to walk over all
mappings when discarding memory and identify if any mapping would be a
violation. Let's keep it simple for now and print a warning, indicating
that setting RLIMIT_MEMLOCK can mitigate such attacks.

We have to take care of incoming migration: at the point the
IOMMUs get restored and start creating mappings in vfio, RamDiscardMgr
implementations might not be back up and running yet. Let's rely on the
runstate. An alternative would be using vmstate priorities - but current
handling is cleaner and more obvious.

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Auger Eric <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: teawater <teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Marek Kedzierski <mkedzier@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
---
 hw/vfio/common.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 39 insertions(+)

diff --git a/hw/vfio/common.c b/hw/vfio/common.c
index d52e7356cb..0d950186f1 100644
--- a/hw/vfio/common.c
+++ b/hw/vfio/common.c
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "qemu/range.h"
 #include "sysemu/kvm.h"
 #include "sysemu/reset.h"
+#include "sysemu/runstate.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "migration/migration.h"
@@ -573,6 +574,44 @@ static bool vfio_get_xlat_addr(IOMMUTLBEntry *iotlb, void **vaddr,
         error_report("iommu map to non memory area %"HWADDR_PRIx"",
                      xlat);
         return false;
+    } else if (memory_region_has_ram_discard_mgr(mr)) {
+        RamDiscardMgr *rdm = memory_region_get_ram_discard_mgr(mr);
+        RamDiscardMgrClass *rdmc = RAM_DISCARD_MGR_GET_CLASS(rdm);
+
+        /*
+         * Malicious VMs can map memory into the IOMMU, which is expected
+         * to remain discarded. vfio will pin all pages, populating memory.
+         * Disallow that.
+         *
+         * Only perform this check when currently running - on incoming
+         * migration, the RamDiscardMgr might not be restored yet, however the
+         * IOMMUs are already getting restored. We trust that the migration
+         * source verified this.
+         */
+        if (runstate_is_running() && !rdmc->is_populated(rdm, mr, xlat, len)) {
+            error_report("iommu map to discarded memory (e.g., unplugged via"
+                         " virtio-mem): %"HWADDR_PRIx"",
+                         iotlb->translated_addr);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Malicious VMs might trigger discarding of IOMMU-mapped memory. The
+         * pages will remain pinned inside vfio until unmapped, resulting in a
+         * higher memory consumption than expected. If memory would get
+         * populated again later, there would be an inconsistency between pages
+         * pinned by vfio and pages seen by QEMU. This is the case until
+         * unmapped from the IOMMU (e.g., during device reset).
+         *
+         * With malicious guests, we really only care about pinning more memory
+         * than expected. RLIMIT_MEMLOCK set for the user/process can never be
+         * exceeded and can be used to mitigate this problem.
+         */
+        warn_report_once("Using vfio with vIOMMUs and coordinated discarding of"
+                         " RAM (e.g., virtio-mem) works, however, malicious"
+                         " guests can trigger pinning of more memory than"
+                         " intended via an IOMMU. It's possible to mitigate "
+                         " by setting/adjusting RLIMIT_MEMLOCK.");
     }
 
     /*
-- 
2.26.2