From: dongwon.kim@intel.com
To: qemu-devel@nongnu.org
Cc: marcandre.lureau@redhat.com, berrange@redhat.com
Subject: [PATCH v7 5/5] ui/dmabuf: New dmabuf.c and dmabuf.h for QemuDmaBuf struct and helpers
Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2024 15:05:41 -0700 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20240418220541.931134-6-dongwon.kim@intel.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20240418220541.931134-1-dongwon.kim@intel.com>
From: Dongwon Kim <dongwon.kim@intel.com>
Create new header and source files to encapsulate QemuDmaBuf struct
and its data for privatization.
Suggested-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Cc: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Cc: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Kasireddy <vivek.kasireddy@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Dongwon Kim <dongwon.kim@intel.com>
---
include/ui/console.h | 52 +---------
include/ui/dmabuf.h | 38 ++++++++
ui/console.c | 179 +---------------------------------
ui/dmabuf.c | 223 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ui/meson.build | 1 +
5 files changed, 264 insertions(+), 229 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 include/ui/dmabuf.h
create mode 100644 ui/dmabuf.c
diff --git a/include/ui/console.h b/include/ui/console.h
index b47135bc2f..5e5c4b6951 100644
--- a/include/ui/console.h
+++ b/include/ui/console.h
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
#include "qapi/qapi-types-ui.h"
#include "ui/input.h"
#include "ui/surface.h"
+#include "ui/dmabuf.h"
#define TYPE_QEMU_CONSOLE "qemu-console"
OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(QemuConsole, QemuConsoleClass, QEMU_CONSOLE)
@@ -185,25 +186,6 @@ struct QEMUGLParams {
int minor_ver;
};
-typedef struct QemuDmaBuf {
- int fd;
- uint32_t width;
- uint32_t height;
- uint32_t stride;
- uint32_t fourcc;
- uint64_t modifier;
- uint32_t texture;
- uint32_t x;
- uint32_t y;
- uint32_t backing_width;
- uint32_t backing_height;
- bool y0_top;
- void *sync;
- int fence_fd;
- bool allow_fences;
- bool draw_submitted;
-} QemuDmaBuf;
-
enum display_scanout {
SCANOUT_NONE,
SCANOUT_SURFACE,
@@ -358,42 +340,10 @@ void dpy_gl_cursor_dmabuf(QemuConsole *con, QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf,
bool have_hot, uint32_t hot_x, uint32_t hot_y);
void dpy_gl_cursor_position(QemuConsole *con,
uint32_t pos_x, uint32_t pos_y);
-QemuDmaBuf *qemu_dmabuf_new(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
- uint32_t stride, uint32_t x,
- uint32_t y, uint32_t backing_width,
- uint32_t backing_height, uint32_t fourcc,
- uint64_t modifier, int32_t dmabuf_fd,
- bool allow_fences, bool y0_top);
-void qemu_dmabuf_free(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-
-G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC(QemuDmaBuf, qemu_dmabuf_free);
-
-int32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_width(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_height(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_stride(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fourcc(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint64_t qemu_dmabuf_get_modifier(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_x(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_y(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_backing_width(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_backing_height(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-bool qemu_dmabuf_get_y0_top(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-void *qemu_dmabuf_get_sync(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-int32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fence_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-bool qemu_dmabuf_get_allow_fences(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-bool qemu_dmabuf_get_draw_submitted(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, uint32_t texture);
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_fence_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, int32_t fence_fd);
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_sync(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, void *sync);
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_draw_submitted(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, bool draw_submitted);
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, int32_t fd);
void dpy_gl_release_dmabuf(QemuConsole *con,
QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
void dpy_gl_update(QemuConsole *con,
uint32_t x, uint32_t y, uint32_t w, uint32_t h);
-
QEMUGLContext dpy_gl_ctx_create(QemuConsole *con,
QEMUGLParams *params);
void dpy_gl_ctx_destroy(QemuConsole *con, QEMUGLContext ctx);
diff --git a/include/ui/dmabuf.h b/include/ui/dmabuf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8de33cd1ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/ui/dmabuf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#ifndef DMABUF_H
+#define DMABUF_H
+
+typedef struct QemuDmaBuf QemuDmaBuf;
+
+QemuDmaBuf *qemu_dmabuf_new(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+ uint32_t stride, uint32_t x,
+ uint32_t y, uint32_t backing_width,
+ uint32_t backing_height, uint32_t fourcc,
+ uint64_t modifier, int32_t dmabuf_fd,
+ bool allow_fences, bool y0_top);
+void qemu_dmabuf_free(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+
+G_DEFINE_AUTOPTR_CLEANUP_FUNC(QemuDmaBuf, qemu_dmabuf_free);
+
+int32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_width(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_height(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_stride(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fourcc(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint64_t qemu_dmabuf_get_modifier(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_x(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_y(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_backing_width(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_backing_height(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+bool qemu_dmabuf_get_y0_top(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+void *qemu_dmabuf_get_sync(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+int32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fence_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+bool qemu_dmabuf_get_allow_fences(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+bool qemu_dmabuf_get_draw_submitted(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf);
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, uint32_t texture);
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_fence_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, int32_t fence_fd);
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_sync(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, void *sync);
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_draw_submitted(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, bool draw_submitted);
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, int32_t fd);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/ui/console.c b/ui/console.c
index 101af3df4a..f5a2cd75e9 100644
--- a/ui/console.c
+++ b/ui/console.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
#include "qemu/osdep.h"
#include "ui/console.h"
+#include "ui/dmabuf.h"
#include "hw/qdev-core.h"
#include "qapi/error.h"
#include "qapi/qapi-commands-ui.h"
@@ -1132,184 +1133,6 @@ void dpy_gl_cursor_position(QemuConsole *con,
}
}
-QemuDmaBuf *qemu_dmabuf_new(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
- uint32_t stride, uint32_t x,
- uint32_t y, uint32_t backing_width,
- uint32_t backing_height, uint32_t fourcc,
- uint64_t modifier, int32_t dmabuf_fd,
- bool allow_fences, bool y0_top) {
- QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf;
-
- dmabuf = g_new0(QemuDmaBuf, 1);
-
- dmabuf->width = width;
- dmabuf->height = height;
- dmabuf->stride = stride;
- dmabuf->x = x;
- dmabuf->y = y;
- dmabuf->backing_width = backing_width;
- dmabuf->backing_height = backing_height;
- dmabuf->fourcc = fourcc;
- dmabuf->modifier = modifier;
- dmabuf->fd = dmabuf_fd;
- dmabuf->allow_fences = allow_fences;
- dmabuf->y0_top = y0_top;
- dmabuf->fence_fd = -1;
-
- return dmabuf;
-}
-
-void qemu_dmabuf_free(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- if (dmabuf == NULL) {
- return;
- }
-
- g_free(dmabuf);
-}
-
-int32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->fd;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_width(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->width;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_height(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->height;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_stride(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->stride;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fourcc(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->fourcc;
-}
-
-uint64_t qemu_dmabuf_get_modifier(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->modifier;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->texture;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_x(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->x;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_y(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->y;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_backing_width(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->backing_width;
-}
-
-uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_backing_height(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->backing_height;
-}
-
-bool qemu_dmabuf_get_y0_top(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->y0_top;
-}
-
-void *qemu_dmabuf_get_sync(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->sync;
-}
-
-int32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fence_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->fence_fd;
-}
-
-bool qemu_dmabuf_get_allow_fences(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->allow_fences;
-}
-
-bool qemu_dmabuf_get_draw_submitted(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
-
- return dmabuf->draw_submitted;
-}
-
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, uint32_t texture)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
- dmabuf->texture = texture;
-}
-
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_fence_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, int32_t fence_fd)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
- dmabuf->fence_fd = fence_fd;
-}
-
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_sync(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, void *sync)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
- dmabuf->sync = sync;
-}
-
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_draw_submitted(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, bool draw_submitted)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
- dmabuf->draw_submitted = draw_submitted;
-}
-
-void qemu_dmabuf_set_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, int32_t fd)
-{
- assert(dmabuf != NULL);
- dmabuf->fd = fd;
-}
-
void dpy_gl_release_dmabuf(QemuConsole *con,
QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
{
diff --git a/ui/dmabuf.c b/ui/dmabuf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a81cc244ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ui/dmabuf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU DmaBuf
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Dongwon Kim <dongwon.kim@intel.com>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+ * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "ui/dmabuf.h"
+
+struct QemuDmaBuf {
+ int fd;
+ uint32_t width;
+ uint32_t height;
+ uint32_t stride;
+ uint32_t fourcc;
+ uint64_t modifier;
+ uint32_t texture;
+ uint32_t x;
+ uint32_t y;
+ uint32_t backing_width;
+ uint32_t backing_height;
+ bool y0_top;
+ void *sync;
+ int fence_fd;
+ bool allow_fences;
+ bool draw_submitted;
+};
+
+QemuDmaBuf *qemu_dmabuf_new(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+ uint32_t stride, uint32_t x,
+ uint32_t y, uint32_t backing_width,
+ uint32_t backing_height, uint32_t fourcc,
+ uint64_t modifier, int32_t dmabuf_fd,
+ bool allow_fences, bool y0_top) {
+ QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf;
+
+ dmabuf = g_new0(QemuDmaBuf, 1);
+
+ dmabuf->width = width;
+ dmabuf->height = height;
+ dmabuf->stride = stride;
+ dmabuf->x = x;
+ dmabuf->y = y;
+ dmabuf->backing_width = backing_width;
+ dmabuf->backing_height = backing_height;
+ dmabuf->fourcc = fourcc;
+ dmabuf->modifier = modifier;
+ dmabuf->fd = dmabuf_fd;
+ dmabuf->allow_fences = allow_fences;
+ dmabuf->y0_top = y0_top;
+ dmabuf->fence_fd = -1;
+
+ return dmabuf;
+}
+
+void qemu_dmabuf_free(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ if (dmabuf == NULL) {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ g_free(dmabuf);
+}
+
+int32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->fd;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_width(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->width;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_height(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->height;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_stride(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->stride;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fourcc(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->fourcc;
+}
+
+uint64_t qemu_dmabuf_get_modifier(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->modifier;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->texture;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_x(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->x;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_y(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->y;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_backing_width(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->backing_width;
+}
+
+uint32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_backing_height(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->backing_height;
+}
+
+bool qemu_dmabuf_get_y0_top(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->y0_top;
+}
+
+void *qemu_dmabuf_get_sync(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->sync;
+}
+
+int32_t qemu_dmabuf_get_fence_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->fence_fd;
+}
+
+bool qemu_dmabuf_get_allow_fences(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->allow_fences;
+}
+
+bool qemu_dmabuf_get_draw_submitted(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+
+ return dmabuf->draw_submitted;
+}
+
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_texture(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, uint32_t texture)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+ dmabuf->texture = texture;
+}
+
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_fence_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, int32_t fence_fd)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+ dmabuf->fence_fd = fence_fd;
+}
+
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_sync(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, void *sync)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+ dmabuf->sync = sync;
+}
+
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_draw_submitted(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, bool draw_submitted)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+ dmabuf->draw_submitted = draw_submitted;
+}
+
+void qemu_dmabuf_set_fd(QemuDmaBuf *dmabuf, int32_t fd)
+{
+ assert(dmabuf != NULL);
+ dmabuf->fd = fd;
+}
diff --git a/ui/meson.build b/ui/meson.build
index a5ce22a678..5d89986b0e 100644
--- a/ui/meson.build
+++ b/ui/meson.build
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ system_ss.add(files(
'clipboard.c',
'console.c',
'cursor.c',
+ 'dmabuf.c',
'input-keymap.c',
'input-legacy.c',
'input-barrier.c',
--
2.34.1
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2024-04-18 22:10 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 8+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2024-04-18 22:05 [PATCH v7 0/5] ui/console: Private QemuDmaBuf struct dongwon.kim
2024-04-18 22:05 ` [PATCH v7 1/5] ui/gtk: Check if fence_fd is equal to or greater than 0 dongwon.kim
2024-04-18 22:05 ` [PATCH v7 2/5] ui/console: Introduce qemu_dmabuf_get_..() helpers dongwon.kim
2024-04-18 22:05 ` [PATCH v7 3/5] ui/console: Introduce qemu_dmabuf_set_..() helpers dongwon.kim
2024-04-18 22:05 ` [PATCH v7 4/5] ui/console: Introduce qemu_dmabuf_new() and free() helpers dongwon.kim
2024-04-18 22:05 ` dongwon.kim [this message]
2024-04-19 6:52 ` [PATCH v7 5/5] ui/dmabuf: New dmabuf.c and dmabuf.h for QemuDmaBuf struct and helpers Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
2024-04-19 6:53 ` [PATCH v7 0/5] ui/console: Private QemuDmaBuf struct Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20240418220541.931134-6-dongwon.kim@intel.com \
--to=dongwon.kim@intel.com \
--cc=berrange@redhat.com \
--cc=marcandre.lureau@redhat.com \
--cc=qemu-devel@nongnu.org \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).