[PATCH v3 00/35] Audio clean-ups

[PATCH v3 00/35] Audio clean-ups

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Hi,

This is part of continuous and overdue clean up / modernization effort for the
audio subsystem. (there is more in the pipe)

v3:
- rebased and dropped applied patches
- fix some checkpatch formatting errors
- tweak commit message
- added r-b tags

v2:
- renamed AudioBE AudioBackend
- "qdev: add qdev_find_default_bus()" report different error for full bus
- added "remove QEMUSoundCard" & drop AudioFE renaming patch
- added "docs: Update mentions of removed '-soundhw' command line option" patch from philmd
- added r-b tags

thanks

Marc-André Lureau (33):
  qdev: add qdev_find_default_bus()
  hw/audio: look up the default bus from the device class
  audio: rename audio_define->audio_add_audiodev()
  hw/audio: use better naming for -audio model handling code
  hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci: remove custom model callback
  hw/audio: simplify 'hda' audio init code
  hw/audio: generalize audio_model.init()
  hw/audio: drop audio_model.isa
  audio: start making AudioState a QOM Object
  audio: register backends in /audiodevs container
  audio: use /audiodevs QOM container
  audio/paaudio: remove needless return value
  audio/dsound: simplify init()
  audio/dsound: report init error via **errp
  audio: simplify audio_driver_init()
  audio: move period tick initialization
  audio: drop needless error message
  audio: keep vmstate handle with AudioState
  audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState
  audio: initialize card_head during object init
  audio: remove some needless headers
  audio: remove AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS
  audio: introduce AUD_set_volume_{in,out}_lr()
  audio/replay: fix type punning
  audio: move internal APIs to audio_int.h
  audio: rename AudioState -> AudioBackend
  audio: remove QEMUSoundCard
  audio/dbus: use a helper function to set the backend dbus server
  audio: move audio.h under include/qemu/
  audio: remove dependency on spice header
  audio: cleanup, use bool for booleans
  audio: move capture API to own header
  audio: drop needless audio_driver "descr" field

Philippe Mathieu-Daudé (2):
  audio: Remove pointless local variables
  audio: Rename @endianness argument as @big_endian for clarity

 MAINTAINERS                                   |   1 +
 audio/audio_int.h                             |  67 ++--
 audio/audio_template.h                        |  44 ++-
 audio/mixeng.h                                |   1 -
 hw/audio/lm4549.h                             |   4 +-
 include/hw/audio/asc.h                        |   4 +-
 include/hw/audio/model.h                      |  14 +
 include/hw/audio/soundhw.h                    |  13 -
 include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h                 |   4 +-
 include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h                  |   4 +-
 include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h                     |   4 +-
 include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h           |   2 +-
 include/monitor/qdev.h                        |   3 +
 include/qemu/audio-capture.h                  |  43 +++
 {audio => include/qemu}/audio.h               | 137 +++-----
 include/system/replay.h                       |   3 +-
 ui/vnc.h                                      |   4 +-
 audio/alsaaudio.c                             |  37 +--
 audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c                        |   4 +-
 audio/audio.c                                 | 313 +++++++++---------
 audio/audio_win_int.c                         |   2 +-
 audio/dbusaudio.c                             |  20 +-
 audio/dsoundaudio.c                           | 213 +++++-------
 audio/jackaudio.c                             |   3 +-
 audio/mixeng.c                                |  12 +-
 audio/noaudio.c                               |   5 +-
 audio/ossaudio.c                              |  33 +-
 audio/paaudio.c                               |  24 +-
 audio/pwaudio.c                               |  15 +-
 audio/sdlaudio.c                              |  15 +-
 audio/sndioaudio.c                            |   3 +-
 audio/spiceaudio.c                            |   7 +-
 audio/wavaudio.c                              |   6 +-
 audio/wavcapture.c                            |   5 +-
 hw/arm/integratorcp.c                         |   2 +-
 hw/arm/musicpal.c                             |   2 +-
 hw/arm/realview.c                             |   2 +-
 hw/arm/versatilepb.c                          |   2 +-
 hw/arm/vexpress.c                             |   2 +-
 hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c                          |   2 +-
 hw/audio/ac97.c                               |  36 +-
 hw/audio/adlib.c                              |  17 +-
 hw/audio/asc.c                                |  15 +-
 hw/audio/cs4231a.c                            |  16 +-
 hw/audio/es1370.c                             |  30 +-
 hw/audio/gus.c                                |  17 +-
 hw/audio/hda-codec.c                          |  21 +-
 hw/audio/intel-hda.c                          |  22 +-
 hw/audio/lm4549.c                             |  12 +-
 hw/audio/marvell_88w8618.c                    |   2 +-
 hw/audio/{soundhw.c => model.c}               |  86 ++---
 hw/audio/pcspk.c                              |  13 +-
 hw/audio/pl041.c                              |   2 +-
 hw/audio/sb16.c                               |  23 +-
 hw/audio/via-ac97.c                           |  11 +-
 hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c                     |  18 +-
 hw/audio/virtio-snd.c                         |  17 +-
 hw/audio/wm8750.c                             |  37 +--
 hw/core/machine.c                             |   4 +-
 hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c              |  17 +-
 hw/display/xlnx_dp.c                          |   8 +-
 hw/ppc/prep.c                                 |   2 +-
 hw/usb/dev-audio.c                            |  17 +-
 qom/object.c                                  |   1 +
 replay/replay-audio.c                         |   4 +-
 replay/stubs-system.c                         |   2 +-
 system/qdev-monitor.c                         |  25 +-
 system/runstate.c                             |   2 +-
 system/vl.c                                   |  14 +-
 ui/dbus.c                                     |  13 +-
 ui/vnc.c                                      |  10 +-
 audio/coreaudio.m                             |   3 +-
 audio/meson.build                             |   2 +-
 hw/audio/meson.build                          |   2 +-
 .../codeconverter/test_regexps.py             |   4 +-
 75 files changed, 758 insertions(+), 848 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/hw/audio/model.h
 delete mode 100644 include/hw/audio/soundhw.h
 create mode 100644 include/qemu/audio-capture.h
 rename {audio => include/qemu}/audio.h (50%)
 rename hw/audio/{soundhw.c => model.c} (54%)

-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 01/35] qdev: add qdev_find_default_bus()

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

This helper is used next by -audio code.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 include/monitor/qdev.h |  3 +++
 system/qdev-monitor.c  | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/monitor/qdev.h b/include/monitor/qdev.h
index 1d57bf6577..de33637869 100644
--- a/include/monitor/qdev.h
+++ b/include/monitor/qdev.h
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #ifndef MONITOR_QDEV_H
 #define MONITOR_QDEV_H
 
+#include "hw/qdev-core.h"
+
 /*** monitor commands ***/
 
 void hmp_info_qtree(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict);
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ int qdev_device_help(QemuOpts *opts);
 DeviceState *qdev_device_add(QemuOpts *opts, Error **errp);
 DeviceState *qdev_device_add_from_qdict(const QDict *opts,
                                         bool from_json, Error **errp);
+BusState *qdev_find_default_bus(DeviceClass *dc, Error **errp);
 
 /**
  * qdev_set_id: parent the device and set its id if provided.
diff --git a/system/qdev-monitor.c b/system/qdev-monitor.c
index ec4a2394ce..f2aa400a77 100644
--- a/system/qdev-monitor.c
+++ b/system/qdev-monitor.c
@@ -621,6 +621,25 @@ const char *qdev_set_id(DeviceState *dev, char *id, Error **errp)
     return prop->name;
 }
 
+BusState *qdev_find_default_bus(DeviceClass *dc, Error **errp)
+{
+    BusState *bus = NULL;
+
+    assert(dc->bus_type != NULL);
+    bus = qbus_find_recursive(sysbus_get_default(), NULL, dc->bus_type);
+    if (!bus) {
+        error_setg(errp, "No '%s' bus found for device '%s'",
+                   dc->bus_type, object_class_get_name(OBJECT_CLASS(dc)));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (qbus_is_full(bus)) {
+        error_setg(errp, "A '%s' bus was found but is full", dc->bus_type);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return bus;
+}
+
 DeviceState *qdev_device_add_from_qdict(const QDict *opts,
                                         bool from_json, Error **errp)
 {
@@ -657,10 +676,8 @@ DeviceState *qdev_device_add_from_qdict(const QDict *opts,
             return NULL;
         }
     } else if (dc->bus_type != NULL) {
-        bus = qbus_find_recursive(sysbus_get_default(), NULL, dc->bus_type);
-        if (!bus || qbus_is_full(bus)) {
-            error_setg(errp, "No '%s' bus found for device '%s'",
-                       dc->bus_type, driver);
+        bus = qdev_find_default_bus(dc, errp);
+        if (!bus) {
             return NULL;
         }
     }
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 01/35] qdev: add qdev_find_default_bus()

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> This helper is used next by -audio code.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   include/monitor/qdev.h |  3 +++
>   system/qdev-monitor.c  | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++----
>   2 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)


>   DeviceState *qdev_device_add_from_qdict(const QDict *opts,
>                                           bool from_json, Error **errp)
>   {
> @@ -657,10 +676,8 @@ DeviceState *qdev_device_add_from_qdict(const QDict *opts,
>               return NULL;
>           }
>       } else if (dc->bus_type != NULL) {
> -        bus = qbus_find_recursive(sysbus_get_default(), NULL, dc->bus_type);

I don't understand why we use sysbus here, but this is pre-existing, so:

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

> -        if (!bus || qbus_is_full(bus)) {
> -            error_setg(errp, "No '%s' bus found for device '%s'",
> -                       dc->bus_type, driver);
> +        bus = qdev_find_default_bus(dc, errp);
> +        if (!bus) {
>               return NULL;
>           }
>       }

[PATCH v3 02/35] hw/audio: look up the default bus from the device class

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Generalize and simplify the device model creation.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 hw/audio/soundhw.c | 20 ++++----------------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/hw/audio/soundhw.c b/hw/audio/soundhw.c
index 63a6855635..29158c115c 100644
--- a/hw/audio/soundhw.c
+++ b/hw/audio/soundhw.c
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
  * THE SOFTWARE.
  */
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
+#include "hw/qdev-core.h"
+#include "monitor/qdev.h"
 #include "qemu/option.h"
 #include "qemu/help_option.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
@@ -110,33 +112,19 @@ void select_soundhw(const char *name, const char *audiodev)
 void soundhw_init(void)
 {
     struct soundhw *c = selected;
-    ISABus *isa_bus = (ISABus *) object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_ISA_BUS, NULL);
-    PCIBus *pci_bus = (PCIBus *) object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_PCI_BUS, NULL);
-    BusState *bus;
 
     if (!c) {
         return;
     }
-    if (c->isa) {
-        if (!isa_bus) {
-            error_report("ISA bus not available for %s", c->name);
-            exit(1);
-        }
-        bus = BUS(isa_bus);
-    } else {
-        if (!pci_bus) {
-            error_report("PCI bus not available for %s", c->name);
-            exit(1);
-        }
-        bus = BUS(pci_bus);
-    }
 
     if (c->typename) {
         DeviceState *dev = qdev_new(c->typename);
+        BusState *bus = qdev_find_default_bus(DEVICE_GET_CLASS(dev), &error_fatal);
         qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "audiodev", audiodev_id);
         qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, bus, &error_fatal);
     } else {
         assert(!c->isa);
+        PCIBus *pci_bus = (PCIBus *) object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_PCI_BUS, NULL);
         c->init_pci(pci_bus, audiodev_id);
     }
 }
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 02/35] hw/audio: look up the default bus from the device class

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Generalize and simplify the device model creation.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   hw/audio/soundhw.c | 20 ++++----------------
>   1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 03/35] audio: rename audio_define->audio_add_audiodev()

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

For readability.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 audio/audio.h | 4 ++--
 audio/audio.c | 8 ++++----
 system/vl.c   | 6 +++---
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index fcc22307be..eb5b5d662d 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ void audio_sample_to_uint64(const void *samples, int pos,
 void audio_sample_from_uint64(void *samples, int pos,
                             uint64_t left, uint64_t right);
 
-void audio_define(Audiodev *audio);
-void audio_define_default(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp);
+void audio_add_audiodev(Audiodev *audio);
+void audio_add_default_audiodev(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp);
 void audio_parse_option(const char *opt);
 void audio_create_default_audiodevs(void);
 void audio_init_audiodevs(void);
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 89f091bc88..6197fa1788 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1712,7 +1712,7 @@ void audio_create_default_audiodevs(void)
             visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
             visit_free(v);
 
-            audio_define_default(dev, &error_abort);
+            audio_add_default_audiodev(dev, &error_abort);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -2142,10 +2142,10 @@ void audio_parse_option(const char *opt)
     visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
     visit_free(v);
 
-    audio_define(dev);
+    audio_add_audiodev(dev);
 }
 
-void audio_define(Audiodev *dev)
+void audio_add_audiodev(Audiodev *dev)
 {
     AudiodevListEntry *e;
 
@@ -2156,7 +2156,7 @@ void audio_define(Audiodev *dev)
     QSIMPLEQ_INSERT_TAIL(&audiodevs, e, next);
 }
 
-void audio_define_default(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
+void audio_add_default_audiodev(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     AudiodevListEntry *e;
 
diff --git a/system/vl.c b/system/vl.c
index 17bbc092c8..4814ef11da 100644
--- a/system/vl.c
+++ b/system/vl.c
@@ -2265,7 +2265,7 @@ static void qemu_record_config_group(const char *group, QDict *dict,
         Audiodev *dev = NULL;
         Visitor *v = qobject_input_visitor_new_keyval(QOBJECT(dict));
         if (visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, errp)) {
-            audio_define(dev);
+            audio_add_audiodev(dev);
         }
         visit_free(v);
 
@@ -3087,11 +3087,11 @@ void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
                 visit_type_Audiodev(v, NULL, &dev, &error_fatal);
                 visit_free(v);
                 if (model) {
-                    audio_define(dev);
+                    audio_add_audiodev(dev);
                     select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
                     g_free(model);
                 } else {
-                    audio_define_default(dev, &error_fatal);
+                    audio_add_default_audiodev(dev, &error_fatal);
                 }
                 break;
             }
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 04/35] hw/audio: use better naming for -audio model handling code

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

All the functions are about "-audio model=" handling, a simpler
way to setup audio. Rename functions/variables to reflect this better.

audio_register_model_with_cb() dropped "pci" from the name, since it
will be generalized next.

deprecated_register_soundhw() was actually not a function to be
removed since it's used for "-audio model=" aliasing.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 include/hw/audio/model.h                      | 14 +++++
 include/hw/audio/soundhw.h                    | 13 -----
 hw/audio/ac97.c                               |  5 +-
 hw/audio/adlib.c                              |  4 +-
 hw/audio/cs4231a.c                            |  4 +-
 hw/audio/es1370.c                             |  5 +-
 hw/audio/gus.c                                |  4 +-
 hw/audio/intel-hda.c                          |  4 +-
 hw/audio/{soundhw.c => model.c}               | 58 +++++++++----------
 hw/audio/pcspk.c                              |  2 +-
 hw/audio/sb16.c                               |  5 +-
 hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c                     |  4 +-
 system/vl.c                                   |  6 +-
 hw/audio/meson.build                          |  2 +-
 .../codeconverter/test_regexps.py             |  2 +-
 15 files changed, 65 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/hw/audio/model.h
 delete mode 100644 include/hw/audio/soundhw.h
 rename hw/audio/{soundhw.c => model.c} (68%)

diff --git a/include/hw/audio/model.h b/include/hw/audio/model.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa237e9eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/hw/audio/model.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+#ifndef HW_AUDIO_MODEL_H
+#define HW_AUDIO_MODEL_H
+
+void audio_register_model_with_cb(const char *name, const char *descr,
+                                  int (*init_pci)(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev));
+void audio_register_model(const char *name, const char *descr,
+                          int isa, const char *typename);
+
+void audio_model_init(void);
+void audio_print_available_models(void);
+void audio_set_model(const char *name, const char *audiodev);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/hw/audio/soundhw.h b/include/hw/audio/soundhw.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 83b3011083..0000000000
--- a/include/hw/audio/soundhw.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef HW_SOUNDHW_H
-#define HW_SOUNDHW_H
-
-void pci_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
-                          int (*init_pci)(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev));
-void deprecated_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
-                                 int isa, const char *typename);
-
-void soundhw_init(void);
-void audio_print_available_models(void);
-void select_soundhw(const char *name, const char *audiodev);
-
-#endif
diff --git a/hw/audio/ac97.c b/hw/audio/ac97.c
index 828333b66a..9dee5bb143 100644
--- a/hw/audio/ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/ac97.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci_device.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
@@ -1362,8 +1362,7 @@ static const TypeInfo ac97_info = {
 static void ac97_register_types(void)
 {
     type_register_static(&ac97_info);
-    deprecated_register_soundhw("ac97", "Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio",
-                                0, TYPE_AC97);
+    audio_register_model("ac97", "Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio", 0, TYPE_AC97);
 }
 
 type_init(ac97_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/adlib.c b/hw/audio/adlib.c
index 772435f04c..d0b2817843 100644
--- a/hw/audio/adlib.c
+++ b/hw/audio/adlib.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ static const TypeInfo adlib_info = {
 static void adlib_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&adlib_info);
-    deprecated_register_soundhw("adlib", ADLIB_DESC, 1, TYPE_ADLIB);
+    audio_register_model("adlib", ADLIB_DESC, 1, TYPE_ADLIB);
 }
 
 type_init (adlib_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
index 7931fcfec8..0979cf5f16 100644
--- a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
+++ b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ static const TypeInfo cs4231a_info = {
 static void cs4231a_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&cs4231a_info);
-    deprecated_register_soundhw("cs4231a", "CS4231A", 1, TYPE_CS4231A);
+    audio_register_model("cs4231a", "CS4231A", 1, TYPE_CS4231A);
 }
 
 type_init (cs4231a_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/es1370.c b/hw/audio/es1370.c
index 6b0da0746e..066b9906fa 100644
--- a/hw/audio/es1370.c
+++ b/hw/audio/es1370.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #define VERBOSE_ES1370 0
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci_device.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
@@ -905,8 +905,7 @@ static const TypeInfo es1370_info = {
 static void es1370_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&es1370_info);
-    deprecated_register_soundhw("es1370", "ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370",
-                                0, TYPE_ES1370);
+    audio_register_model("es1370", "ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370", 0, TYPE_ES1370);
 }
 
 type_init (es1370_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/gus.c b/hw/audio/gus.c
index 91d07e0f81..d5b1e62135 100644
--- a/hw/audio/gus.c
+++ b/hw/audio/gus.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ static const TypeInfo gus_info = {
 static void gus_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&gus_info);
-    deprecated_register_soundhw("gus", "Gravis Ultrasound GF1", 1, TYPE_GUS);
+    audio_register_model("gus", "Gravis Ultrasound GF1", 1, TYPE_GUS);
 }
 
 type_init (gus_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
index b256c8ccea..6a0db0dd9e 100644
--- a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
+++ b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include "qemu/log.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "intel-hda.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "intel-hda-defs.h"
@@ -1324,7 +1324,7 @@ static void intel_hda_register_types(void)
     type_register_static(&intel_hda_info_ich6);
     type_register_static(&intel_hda_info_ich9);
     type_register_static(&hda_codec_device_type_info);
-    pci_register_soundhw("hda", "Intel HD Audio", intel_hda_and_codec_init);
+    audio_register_model_with_cb("hda", "Intel HD Audio", intel_hda_and_codec_init);
 }
 
 type_init(intel_hda_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/soundhw.c b/hw/audio/model.c
similarity index 68%
rename from hw/audio/soundhw.c
rename to hw/audio/model.c
index 29158c115c..ddfefea706 100644
--- a/hw/audio/soundhw.c
+++ b/hw/audio/model.c
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 
-struct soundhw {
+struct audio_model {
     const char *name;
     const char *descr;
     const char *typename;
@@ -42,38 +42,38 @@ struct soundhw {
     int (*init_pci) (PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev);
 };
 
-static struct soundhw soundhw[9];
-static int soundhw_count;
+static struct audio_model audio_models[9];
+static int audio_models_count;
 
-void pci_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
-                          int (*init_pci)(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev))
+void audio_register_model_with_cb(const char *name, const char *descr,
+                                  int (*init_pci)(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev))
 {
-    assert(soundhw_count < ARRAY_SIZE(soundhw) - 1);
-    soundhw[soundhw_count].name = name;
-    soundhw[soundhw_count].descr = descr;
-    soundhw[soundhw_count].isa = 0;
-    soundhw[soundhw_count].init_pci = init_pci;
-    soundhw_count++;
+    assert(audio_models_count < ARRAY_SIZE(audio_models) - 1);
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].name = name;
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].descr = descr;
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].isa = 0;
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].init_pci = init_pci;
+    audio_models_count++;
 }
 
-void deprecated_register_soundhw(const char *name, const char *descr,
-                                 int isa, const char *typename)
+void audio_register_model(const char *name, const char *descr,
+                          int isa, const char *typename)
 {
-    assert(soundhw_count < ARRAY_SIZE(soundhw) - 1);
-    soundhw[soundhw_count].name = name;
-    soundhw[soundhw_count].descr = descr;
-    soundhw[soundhw_count].isa = isa;
-    soundhw[soundhw_count].typename = typename;
-    soundhw_count++;
+    assert(audio_models_count < ARRAY_SIZE(audio_models) - 1);
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].name = name;
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].descr = descr;
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].isa = isa;
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].typename = typename;
+    audio_models_count++;
 }
 
 void audio_print_available_models(void)
 {
-    struct soundhw *c;
+    struct audio_model *c;
 
-    if (soundhw_count) {
+    if (audio_models_count) {
         printf("Valid audio device model names:\n");
-        for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
+        for (c = audio_models; c->name; ++c) {
             printf("%-11s %s\n", c->name, c->descr);
         }
     } else {
@@ -82,19 +82,19 @@ void audio_print_available_models(void)
     }
 }
 
-static struct soundhw *selected = NULL;
+static struct audio_model *selected;
 static const char *audiodev_id;
 
-void select_soundhw(const char *name, const char *audiodev)
+void audio_set_model(const char *name, const char *audiodev)
 {
-    struct soundhw *c;
+    struct audio_model *c;
 
     if (selected) {
         error_report("only one -audio option is allowed");
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) {
+    for (c = audio_models; c->name; ++c) {
         if (g_str_equal(c->name, name)) {
             selected = c;
             audiodev_id = audiodev;
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ void select_soundhw(const char *name, const char *audiodev)
     }
 }
 
-void soundhw_init(void)
+void audio_model_init(void)
 {
-    struct soundhw *c = selected;
+    struct audio_model *c = selected;
 
     if (!c) {
         return;
diff --git a/hw/audio/pcspk.c b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
index a719912872..48ef830292 100644
--- a/hw/audio/pcspk.c
+++ b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/sb16.c b/hw/audio/sb16.c
index 03c82f2777..5faa3f5fe3 100644
--- a/hw/audio/sb16.c
+++ b/hw/audio/sb16.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
@@ -1470,8 +1470,7 @@ static const TypeInfo sb16_info = {
 static void sb16_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&sb16_info);
-    deprecated_register_soundhw("sb16", "Creative Sound Blaster 16",
-                                1, TYPE_SB16);
+    audio_register_model("sb16", "Creative Sound Blaster 16", 1, TYPE_SB16);
 }
 
 type_init (sb16_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c b/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
index 9eb0007392..613538e46f 100644
--- a/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
+++ b/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-pci.h"
 #include "hw/audio/virtio-snd.h"
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ static int virtio_snd_pci_init(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev)
 static void virtio_snd_pci_register(void)
 {
     virtio_pci_types_register(&virtio_snd_pci_info);
-    pci_register_soundhw("virtio", "Virtio Sound", virtio_snd_pci_init);
+    audio_register_model_with_cb("virtio", "Virtio Sound", virtio_snd_pci_init);
 }
 
 type_init(virtio_snd_pci_register);
diff --git a/system/vl.c b/system/vl.c
index 4814ef11da..dc2ea4c298 100644
--- a/system/vl.c
+++ b/system/vl.c
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 #include "migration/snapshot.h"
 #include "system/tpm.h"
 #include "system/dma.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "system/cpus.h"
 #include "system/cpu-timers.h"
@@ -2732,7 +2732,7 @@ static void qemu_create_cli_devices(void)
 {
     DeviceOption *opt;
 
-    soundhw_init();
+    audio_model_init();
 
     qemu_opts_foreach(qemu_find_opts("fw_cfg"),
                       parse_fw_cfg, fw_cfg_find(), &error_fatal);
@@ -3088,7 +3088,7 @@ void qemu_init(int argc, char **argv)
                 visit_free(v);
                 if (model) {
                     audio_add_audiodev(dev);
-                    select_soundhw(model, dev->id);
+                    audio_set_model(model, dev->id);
                     g_free(model);
                 } else {
                     audio_add_default_audiodev(dev, &error_fatal);
diff --git a/hw/audio/meson.build b/hw/audio/meson.build
index 2990974449..2154cbdb57 100644
--- a/hw/audio/meson.build
+++ b/hw/audio/meson.build
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-system_ss.add(files('soundhw.c'))
+system_ss.add(files('model.c'))
 system_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_AC97', if_true: files('ac97.c'))
 system_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_ADLIB', if_true: files('fmopl.c', 'adlib.c'))
 system_ss.add(when: 'CONFIG_ASC', if_true: files('asc.c'))
diff --git a/scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py b/scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py
index 4526268ae8..fe7354b473 100644
--- a/scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py
+++ b/scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ def test_initial_includes():
 #define SILENT_ES1370
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "hw/audio/soundhw.h"
+#include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "audio/audio.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 05/35] hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci: remove custom model callback

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

virtio-snd can rely on the default code to instantiate the device and
set the audiodev.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c | 16 +---------------
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c b/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
index 613538e46f..b78eaff851 100644
--- a/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
+++ b/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
@@ -71,24 +71,10 @@ static const VirtioPCIDeviceTypeInfo virtio_snd_pci_info = {
     .class_init    = virtio_snd_pci_class_init,
 };
 
-/* Create a Virtio Sound PCI device, so '-audio driver,model=virtio' works. */
-static int virtio_snd_pci_init(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev)
-{
-    DeviceState *vdev = NULL;
-    VirtIOSoundPCI *dev = NULL;
-
-    vdev = qdev_new(TYPE_VIRTIO_SND_PCI);
-    assert(vdev);
-    dev = VIRTIO_SND_PCI(vdev);
-    qdev_prop_set_string(DEVICE(&dev->vdev), "audiodev", audiodev);
-    qdev_realize_and_unref(vdev, BUS(bus), &error_fatal);
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static void virtio_snd_pci_register(void)
 {
     virtio_pci_types_register(&virtio_snd_pci_info);
-    audio_register_model_with_cb("virtio", "Virtio Sound", virtio_snd_pci_init);
+    audio_register_model("virtio", "Virtio Sound", 0, TYPE_VIRTIO_SND_PCI);
 }
 
 type_init(virtio_snd_pci_register);
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 05/35] hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci: remove custom model callback

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> virtio-snd can rely on the default code to instantiate the device and
> set the audiodev.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c | 16 +---------------
>   1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 15 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 06/35] hw/audio: simplify 'hda' audio init code

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

For consistency, use only qdev_device_add() to instantiate the devices.
We can't rely on automatic bus lookup for the "hda-duplex" device though
as it may end up on a different "intel-hda" bus...

This allows to make init() callback bus-agnostic next.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 hw/audio/intel-hda.c | 16 ++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
index 6a0db0dd9e..c46b195b62 100644
--- a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
+++ b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
@@ -21,16 +21,16 @@
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/pci/msi.h"
+#include "monitor/qdev.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
 #include "qemu/bitops.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
 #include "intel-hda.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "intel-hda-defs.h"
-#include "system/dma.h"
+#include "qobject/qdict.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 
@@ -1305,15 +1305,19 @@ static const TypeInfo hda_codec_device_type_info = {
  */
 static int intel_hda_and_codec_init(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev)
 {
-    DeviceState *controller;
+    g_autoptr(QDict) props = qdict_new();
+    DeviceState *intel_hda, *codec;
     BusState *hdabus;
-    DeviceState *codec;
 
-    controller = DEVICE(pci_create_simple(bus, -1, "intel-hda"));
-    hdabus = QLIST_FIRST(&controller->child_bus);
+    qdict_put_str(props, "driver", "intel-hda");
+    intel_hda = qdev_device_add_from_qdict(props, false, &error_fatal);
+    hdabus = QLIST_FIRST(&intel_hda->child_bus);
+
     codec = qdev_new("hda-duplex");
     qdev_prop_set_string(codec, "audiodev", audiodev);
     qdev_realize_and_unref(codec, hdabus, &error_fatal);
+    object_unref(intel_hda);
+
     return 0;
 }
 
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 06/35] hw/audio: simplify 'hda' audio init code

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> For consistency, use only qdev_device_add() to instantiate the devices.
> We can't rely on automatic bus lookup for the "hda-duplex" device though
> as it may end up on a different "intel-hda" bus...
> 
> This allows to make init() callback bus-agnostic next.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   hw/audio/intel-hda.c | 16 ++++++++++------
>   1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

Nice!

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 07/35] hw/audio: generalize audio_model.init()

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

It is no longer PCI bus only.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 include/hw/audio/model.h |  2 +-
 hw/audio/intel-hda.c     |  4 +---
 hw/audio/model.c         | 12 ++++--------
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/hw/audio/model.h b/include/hw/audio/model.h
index aa237e9eb6..4d0be93042 100644
--- a/include/hw/audio/model.h
+++ b/include/hw/audio/model.h
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #define HW_AUDIO_MODEL_H
 
 void audio_register_model_with_cb(const char *name, const char *descr,
-                                  int (*init_pci)(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev));
+                                  void (*init_audio_model)(const char *audiodev));
 void audio_register_model(const char *name, const char *descr,
                           int isa, const char *typename);
 
diff --git a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
index c46b195b62..758e130c93 100644
--- a/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
+++ b/hw/audio/intel-hda.c
@@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@ static const TypeInfo hda_codec_device_type_info = {
  * create intel hda controller with codec attached to it,
  * so '-soundhw hda' works.
  */
-static int intel_hda_and_codec_init(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev)
+static void intel_hda_and_codec_init(const char *audiodev)
 {
     g_autoptr(QDict) props = qdict_new();
     DeviceState *intel_hda, *codec;
@@ -1317,8 +1317,6 @@ static int intel_hda_and_codec_init(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev)
     qdev_prop_set_string(codec, "audiodev", audiodev);
     qdev_realize_and_unref(codec, hdabus, &error_fatal);
     object_unref(intel_hda);
-
-    return 0;
 }
 
 static void intel_hda_register_types(void)
diff --git a/hw/audio/model.c b/hw/audio/model.c
index ddfefea706..7af0d960f5 100644
--- a/hw/audio/model.c
+++ b/hw/audio/model.c
@@ -24,14 +24,11 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-core.h"
 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
-#include "qemu/option.h"
-#include "qemu/help_option.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
-#include "hw/pci/pci.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
 
 struct audio_model {
@@ -39,20 +36,20 @@ struct audio_model {
     const char *descr;
     const char *typename;
     int isa;
-    int (*init_pci) (PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev);
+    void (*init)(const char *audiodev);
 };
 
 static struct audio_model audio_models[9];
 static int audio_models_count;
 
 void audio_register_model_with_cb(const char *name, const char *descr,
-                                  int (*init_pci)(PCIBus *bus, const char *audiodev))
+                                  void (*init_audio_model)(const char *audiodev))
 {
     assert(audio_models_count < ARRAY_SIZE(audio_models) - 1);
     audio_models[audio_models_count].name = name;
     audio_models[audio_models_count].descr = descr;
     audio_models[audio_models_count].isa = 0;
-    audio_models[audio_models_count].init_pci = init_pci;
+    audio_models[audio_models_count].init = init_audio_model;
     audio_models_count++;
 }
 
@@ -124,7 +121,6 @@ void audio_model_init(void)
         qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, bus, &error_fatal);
     } else {
         assert(!c->isa);
-        PCIBus *pci_bus = (PCIBus *) object_resolve_path_type("", TYPE_PCI_BUS, NULL);
-        c->init_pci(pci_bus, audiodev_id);
+        c->init(audiodev_id);
     }
 }
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 07/35] hw/audio: generalize audio_model.init()

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> It is no longer PCI bus only.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   include/hw/audio/model.h |  2 +-
>   hw/audio/intel-hda.c     |  4 +---
>   hw/audio/model.c         | 12 ++++--------
>   3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 08/35] hw/audio: drop audio_model.isa

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

That's no longer necessary, the code is bus-agnostic.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 include/hw/audio/model.h  | 2 +-
 hw/audio/ac97.c           | 2 +-
 hw/audio/adlib.c          | 2 +-
 hw/audio/cs4231a.c        | 2 +-
 hw/audio/es1370.c         | 2 +-
 hw/audio/gus.c            | 2 +-
 hw/audio/model.c          | 8 +-------
 hw/audio/sb16.c           | 2 +-
 hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c | 2 +-
 9 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/hw/audio/model.h b/include/hw/audio/model.h
index 4d0be93042..c38b359413 100644
--- a/include/hw/audio/model.h
+++ b/include/hw/audio/model.h
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 void audio_register_model_with_cb(const char *name, const char *descr,
                                   void (*init_audio_model)(const char *audiodev));
 void audio_register_model(const char *name, const char *descr,
-                          int isa, const char *typename);
+                          const char *typename);
 
 void audio_model_init(void);
 void audio_print_available_models(void);
diff --git a/hw/audio/ac97.c b/hw/audio/ac97.c
index 9dee5bb143..6b9013ebb8 100644
--- a/hw/audio/ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/ac97.c
@@ -1362,7 +1362,7 @@ static const TypeInfo ac97_info = {
 static void ac97_register_types(void)
 {
     type_register_static(&ac97_info);
-    audio_register_model("ac97", "Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio", 0, TYPE_AC97);
+    audio_register_model("ac97", "Intel 82801AA AC97 Audio", TYPE_AC97);
 }
 
 type_init(ac97_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/adlib.c b/hw/audio/adlib.c
index d0b2817843..6aae365f47 100644
--- a/hw/audio/adlib.c
+++ b/hw/audio/adlib.c
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ static const TypeInfo adlib_info = {
 static void adlib_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&adlib_info);
-    audio_register_model("adlib", ADLIB_DESC, 1, TYPE_ADLIB);
+    audio_register_model("adlib", ADLIB_DESC, TYPE_ADLIB);
 }
 
 type_init (adlib_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
index 0979cf5f16..3b80a61378 100644
--- a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
+++ b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ static const TypeInfo cs4231a_info = {
 static void cs4231a_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&cs4231a_info);
-    audio_register_model("cs4231a", "CS4231A", 1, TYPE_CS4231A);
+    audio_register_model("cs4231a", "CS4231A", TYPE_CS4231A);
 }
 
 type_init (cs4231a_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/es1370.c b/hw/audio/es1370.c
index 066b9906fa..721c02be0a 100644
--- a/hw/audio/es1370.c
+++ b/hw/audio/es1370.c
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ static const TypeInfo es1370_info = {
 static void es1370_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&es1370_info);
-    audio_register_model("es1370", "ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370", 0, TYPE_ES1370);
+    audio_register_model("es1370", "ENSONIQ AudioPCI ES1370", TYPE_ES1370);
 }
 
 type_init (es1370_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/gus.c b/hw/audio/gus.c
index d5b1e62135..45ea04bf89 100644
--- a/hw/audio/gus.c
+++ b/hw/audio/gus.c
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ static const TypeInfo gus_info = {
 static void gus_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&gus_info);
-    audio_register_model("gus", "Gravis Ultrasound GF1", 1, TYPE_GUS);
+    audio_register_model("gus", "Gravis Ultrasound GF1", TYPE_GUS);
 }
 
 type_init (gus_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/model.c b/hw/audio/model.c
index 7af0d960f5..40929c6e77 100644
--- a/hw/audio/model.c
+++ b/hw/audio/model.c
@@ -26,16 +26,13 @@
 #include "monitor/qdev.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
-#include "qom/object.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
-#include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
 
 struct audio_model {
     const char *name;
     const char *descr;
     const char *typename;
-    int isa;
     void (*init)(const char *audiodev);
 };
 
@@ -48,18 +45,16 @@ void audio_register_model_with_cb(const char *name, const char *descr,
     assert(audio_models_count < ARRAY_SIZE(audio_models) - 1);
     audio_models[audio_models_count].name = name;
     audio_models[audio_models_count].descr = descr;
-    audio_models[audio_models_count].isa = 0;
     audio_models[audio_models_count].init = init_audio_model;
     audio_models_count++;
 }
 
 void audio_register_model(const char *name, const char *descr,
-                          int isa, const char *typename)
+                          const char *typename)
 {
     assert(audio_models_count < ARRAY_SIZE(audio_models) - 1);
     audio_models[audio_models_count].name = name;
     audio_models[audio_models_count].descr = descr;
-    audio_models[audio_models_count].isa = isa;
     audio_models[audio_models_count].typename = typename;
     audio_models_count++;
 }
@@ -120,7 +115,6 @@ void audio_model_init(void)
         qdev_prop_set_string(dev, "audiodev", audiodev_id);
         qdev_realize_and_unref(dev, bus, &error_fatal);
     } else {
-        assert(!c->isa);
         c->init(audiodev_id);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hw/audio/sb16.c b/hw/audio/sb16.c
index 5faa3f5fe3..e86aafd488 100644
--- a/hw/audio/sb16.c
+++ b/hw/audio/sb16.c
@@ -1470,7 +1470,7 @@ static const TypeInfo sb16_info = {
 static void sb16_register_types (void)
 {
     type_register_static (&sb16_info);
-    audio_register_model("sb16", "Creative Sound Blaster 16", 1, TYPE_SB16);
+    audio_register_model("sb16", "Creative Sound Blaster 16", TYPE_SB16);
 }
 
 type_init (sb16_register_types)
diff --git a/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c b/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
index b78eaff851..230581ed63 100644
--- a/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
+++ b/hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static const VirtioPCIDeviceTypeInfo virtio_snd_pci_info = {
 static void virtio_snd_pci_register(void)
 {
     virtio_pci_types_register(&virtio_snd_pci_info);
-    audio_register_model("virtio", "Virtio Sound", 0, TYPE_VIRTIO_SND_PCI);
+    audio_register_model("virtio", "Virtio Sound", TYPE_VIRTIO_SND_PCI);
 }
 
 type_init(virtio_snd_pci_register);
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 09/35] audio: start making AudioState a QOM Object

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

QOM brings some conveniences for introspection, type checking, reference
counting, interfaces etc. This is only the first step to introduce QOM
in audio/ (I have more in the pipeline)

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 audio/audio.h     |  7 +++++++
 audio/audio_int.h |  2 ++
 audio/audio.c     | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index eb5b5d662d..e41c5bc55a 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ typedef struct SWVoiceOut SWVoiceOut;
 typedef struct CaptureVoiceOut CaptureVoiceOut;
 typedef struct SWVoiceIn SWVoiceIn;
 
+struct AudioStateClass {
+    ObjectClass parent_class;
+};
+
 typedef struct AudioState AudioState;
 typedef struct QEMUSoundCard {
     char *name;
@@ -182,4 +186,7 @@ const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card);
 #define DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(_s, _f)         \
     DEFINE_PROP_AUDIODEV("audiodev", _s, _f)
 
+#define TYPE_AUDIO_STATE "audio-state"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(AudioState, AudioStateClass, AUDIO_STATE)
+
 #endif /* QEMU_AUDIO_H */
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index f78ca05f92..b2b4d2d10e 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -217,6 +217,8 @@ struct SWVoiceCap {
 };
 
 typedef struct AudioState {
+    Object parent;
+
     struct audio_driver *drv;
     Audiodev *dev;
     void *drv_opaque;
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 6197fa1788..e1696403ae 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1617,8 +1617,19 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
     audio_reset_timer (s);
 }
 
-static void free_audio_state(AudioState *s)
+static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
 {
+    AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
+
+    QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_out);
+    QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_in);
+    QLIST_INIT(&s->cap_head);
+    s->ts = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, audio_timer, s);
+}
+
+static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
+{
+    AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
     HWVoiceOut *hwo, *hwon;
     HWVoiceIn *hwi, *hwin;
 
@@ -1663,8 +1674,6 @@ static void free_audio_state(AudioState *s)
         timer_free(s->ts);
         s->ts = NULL;
     }
-
-    g_free(s);
 }
 
 void audio_cleanup(void)
@@ -1673,7 +1682,7 @@ void audio_cleanup(void)
     while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&audio_states)) {
         AudioState *s = QTAILQ_FIRST(&audio_states);
         QTAILQ_REMOVE(&audio_states, s, list);
-        free_audio_state(s);
+        object_unref(s);
     }
 }
 
@@ -1732,18 +1741,13 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
     AudioState *s;
     struct audio_driver *driver;
 
-    s = g_new0(AudioState, 1);
+    s = AUDIO_STATE(object_new(TYPE_AUDIO_STATE));
 
-    QLIST_INIT (&s->hw_head_out);
-    QLIST_INIT (&s->hw_head_in);
-    QLIST_INIT (&s->cap_head);
     if (!atexit_registered) {
         atexit(audio_cleanup);
         atexit_registered = true;
     }
 
-    s->ts = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, audio_timer, s);
-
     if (dev) {
         /* -audiodev option */
         s->dev = dev;
@@ -1796,7 +1800,7 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
     return s;
 
 out:
-    free_audio_state(s);
+    object_unref(s);
     return NULL;
 }
 
@@ -2320,3 +2324,20 @@ AudiodevList *qmp_query_audiodevs(Error **errp)
     }
     return ret;
 }
+
+static const TypeInfo audio_state_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_AUDIO_STATE,
+    .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(AudioState),
+    .instance_init = audio_state_init,
+    .instance_finalize = audio_state_finalize,
+    .abstract = false, /* TODO: subclass drivers and make it abstract */
+    .class_size = sizeof(AudioStateClass),
+};
+
+static void register_types(void)
+{
+    type_register_static(&audio_state_info);
+}
+
+type_init(register_types);
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 09/35] audio: start making AudioState a QOM Object

[BALATON Zoltan]

[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 1706 bytes --]

On Mon, 27 Oct 2025, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>
> QOM brings some conveniences for introspection, type checking, reference
> counting, interfaces etc. This is only the first step to introduce QOM
> in audio/ (I have more in the pipeline)
>
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
> ---
> audio/audio.h     |  7 +++++++
> audio/audio_int.h |  2 ++
> audio/audio.c     | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
> 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
> index eb5b5d662d..e41c5bc55a 100644
> --- a/audio/audio.h
> +++ b/audio/audio.h
> @@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ typedef struct SWVoiceOut SWVoiceOut;
> typedef struct CaptureVoiceOut CaptureVoiceOut;
> typedef struct SWVoiceIn SWVoiceIn;
>
> +struct AudioStateClass {
> +    ObjectClass parent_class;
> +};
> +
> typedef struct AudioState AudioState;
> typedef struct QEMUSoundCard {
>     char *name;
> @@ -182,4 +186,7 @@ const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card);
> #define DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(_s, _f)         \
>     DEFINE_PROP_AUDIODEV("audiodev", _s, _f)
>
> +#define TYPE_AUDIO_STATE "audio-state"
> +OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(AudioState, AudioStateClass, AUDIO_STATE)
> +
> #endif /* QEMU_AUDIO_H */
> diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
> index f78ca05f92..b2b4d2d10e 100644
> --- a/audio/audio_int.h
> +++ b/audio/audio_int.h
> @@ -217,6 +217,8 @@ struct SWVoiceCap {
> };
>
> typedef struct AudioState {
> +    Object parent;

Coding style says parent_obj, not sure other names are acceptable.

Regards,
BALATON Zoltan

Re: [PATCH v3 09/35] audio: start making AudioState a QOM Object

[Marc-André Lureau]

Hi

On Mon, Oct 27, 2025 at 8:29 PM BALATON Zoltan <balaton@eik.bme.hu> wrote:
>
> On Mon, 27 Oct 2025, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> > From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> >
> > QOM brings some conveniences for introspection, type checking, reference
> > counting, interfaces etc. This is only the first step to introduce QOM
> > in audio/ (I have more in the pipeline)
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> > Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
> > ---
> > audio/audio.h     |  7 +++++++
> > audio/audio_int.h |  2 ++
> > audio/audio.c     | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
> > 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
> > index eb5b5d662d..e41c5bc55a 100644
> > --- a/audio/audio.h
> > +++ b/audio/audio.h
> > @@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ typedef struct SWVoiceOut SWVoiceOut;
> > typedef struct CaptureVoiceOut CaptureVoiceOut;
> > typedef struct SWVoiceIn SWVoiceIn;
> >
> > +struct AudioStateClass {
> > +    ObjectClass parent_class;
> > +};
> > +
> > typedef struct AudioState AudioState;
> > typedef struct QEMUSoundCard {
> >     char *name;
> > @@ -182,4 +186,7 @@ const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card);
> > #define DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(_s, _f)         \
> >     DEFINE_PROP_AUDIODEV("audiodev", _s, _f)
> >
> > +#define TYPE_AUDIO_STATE "audio-state"
> > +OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(AudioState, AudioStateClass, AUDIO_STATE)
> > +
> > #endif /* QEMU_AUDIO_H */
> > diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
> > index f78ca05f92..b2b4d2d10e 100644
> > --- a/audio/audio_int.h
> > +++ b/audio/audio_int.h
> > @@ -217,6 +217,8 @@ struct SWVoiceCap {
> > };
> >
> > typedef struct AudioState {
> > +    Object parent;
>
> Coding style says parent_obj, not sure other names are acceptable.
>


Alex, since you wrote that section in docs/devel/style.rst, should we
enforce that naming?

-- 
Marc-André Lureau

Re: [PATCH v3 09/35] audio: start making AudioState a QOM Object

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 28/10/25 13:34, Marc-André Lureau wrote:
> Hi
> 
> On Mon, Oct 27, 2025 at 8:29 PM BALATON Zoltan <balaton@eik.bme.hu> wrote:
>>
>> On Mon, 27 Oct 2025, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
>>> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>>>
>>> QOM brings some conveniences for introspection, type checking, reference
>>> counting, interfaces etc. This is only the first step to introduce QOM
>>> in audio/ (I have more in the pipeline)
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>>> Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
>>> ---
>>> audio/audio.h     |  7 +++++++
>>> audio/audio_int.h |  2 ++
>>> audio/audio.c     | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
>>> 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)


>>> diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
>>> index f78ca05f92..b2b4d2d10e 100644
>>> --- a/audio/audio_int.h
>>> +++ b/audio/audio_int.h
>>> @@ -217,6 +217,8 @@ struct SWVoiceCap {
>>> };
>>>
>>> typedef struct AudioState {
>>> +    Object parent;
>>
>> Coding style says parent_obj, not sure other names are acceptable.
>>
> 
> 
> Alex, since you wrote that section in docs/devel/style.rst, should we
> enforce that naming?

Yes please!

[PATCH v3 10/35] audio: register backends in /audiodevs container

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

QOM tree now has /audiodevs objects.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 audio/audio.c | 8 ++++++++
 qom/object.c  | 1 +
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+)

diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index e1696403ae..c291fd3e65 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1676,6 +1676,11 @@ static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
     }
 }
 
+static Object *get_audiodevs_root(void)
+{
+    return object_get_container("audiodevs");
+}
+
 void audio_cleanup(void)
 {
     default_audio_state = NULL;
@@ -1742,6 +1747,9 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
     struct audio_driver *driver;
 
     s = AUDIO_STATE(object_new(TYPE_AUDIO_STATE));
+    if (!object_property_try_add_child(get_audiodevs_root(), dev->id, OBJECT(s), errp)) {
+        goto out;
+    }
 
     if (!atexit_registered) {
         atexit(audio_cleanup);
diff --git a/qom/object.c b/qom/object.c
index 1856bb36c7..4f32c1aba7 100644
--- a/qom/object.c
+++ b/qom/object.c
@@ -1730,6 +1730,7 @@ const char *object_property_get_type(Object *obj, const char *name, Error **errp
 }
 
 static const char *const root_containers[] = {
+    "audiodevs",
     "chardevs",
     "objects",
     "backend"
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 11/35] audio: use /audiodevs QOM container

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

audio_cleanup() is already called at exit (similar to chardev)

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio_int.h |  2 --
 audio/audio.c     | 38 +++++++++++++-------------------------
 2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index b2b4d2d10e..4187a2dbfc 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -235,8 +235,6 @@ typedef struct AudioState {
 
     bool timer_running;
     uint64_t timer_last;
-
-    QTAILQ_ENTRY(AudioState) list;
 } AudioState;
 
 extern const struct mixeng_volume nominal_volume;
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index c291fd3e65..5bf4307fbd 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -102,8 +102,6 @@ static audio_driver *audio_driver_lookup(const char *name)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static QTAILQ_HEAD(AudioStateHead, AudioState) audio_states =
-    QTAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(audio_states);
 static AudioState *default_audio_state;
 
 const struct mixeng_volume nominal_volume = {
@@ -1684,11 +1682,8 @@ static Object *get_audiodevs_root(void)
 void audio_cleanup(void)
 {
     default_audio_state = NULL;
-    while (!QTAILQ_EMPTY(&audio_states)) {
-        AudioState *s = QTAILQ_FIRST(&audio_states);
-        QTAILQ_REMOVE(&audio_states, s, list);
-        object_unref(s);
-    }
+
+    object_unparent(get_audiodevs_root());
 }
 
 static bool vmstate_audio_needed(void *opaque)
@@ -1739,7 +1734,6 @@ void audio_create_default_audiodevs(void)
  */
 static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
-    static bool atexit_registered;
     int done = 0;
     const char *drvname;
     VMChangeStateEntry *vmse;
@@ -1747,14 +1741,6 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
     struct audio_driver *driver;
 
     s = AUDIO_STATE(object_new(TYPE_AUDIO_STATE));
-    if (!object_property_try_add_child(get_audiodevs_root(), dev->id, OBJECT(s), errp)) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    if (!atexit_registered) {
-        atexit(audio_cleanup);
-        atexit_registered = true;
-    }
 
     if (dev) {
         /* -audiodev option */
@@ -1802,7 +1788,10 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
                "(Audio can continue looping even after stopping the VM)\n");
     }
 
-    QTAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&audio_states, s, list);
+    if (!object_property_try_add_child(get_audiodevs_root(), dev->id, OBJECT(s), errp)) {
+        goto out;
+    }
+    object_unref(s);
     QLIST_INIT (&s->card_head);
     vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
     return s;
@@ -2249,15 +2238,14 @@ int audio_buffer_bytes(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo,
 
 AudioState *audio_state_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp)
 {
-    AudioState *s;
-    QTAILQ_FOREACH(s, &audio_states, list) {
-        assert(s->dev);
-        if (strcmp(name, s->dev->id) == 0) {
-            return s;
-        }
+    Object *obj = object_resolve_path_component(get_audiodevs_root(), name);
+
+    if (!obj) {
+        error_setg(errp, "audiodev '%s' not found", name);
+        return NULL;
+    } else {
+        return AUDIO_STATE(obj);
     }
-    error_setg(errp, "audiodev '%s' not found", name);
-    return NULL;
 }
 
 const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card)
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 11/35] audio: use /audiodevs QOM container

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> audio_cleanup() is already called at exit (similar to chardev)
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio_int.h |  2 --
>   audio/audio.c     | 38 +++++++++++++-------------------------
>   2 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 12/35] audio/paaudio: remove needless return value

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 audio/paaudio.c | 13 ++++---------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/paaudio.c b/audio/paaudio.c
index f3193b08c3..93030f3fc8 100644
--- a/audio/paaudio.c
+++ b/audio/paaudio.c
@@ -747,14 +747,13 @@ static void qpa_volume_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, Volume *vol)
     pa_threaded_mainloop_unlock(c->mainloop);
 }
 
-static int qpa_validate_per_direction_opts(Audiodev *dev,
-                                           AudiodevPaPerDirectionOptions *pdo)
+static void qpa_validate_per_direction_opts(Audiodev *dev,
+                                            AudiodevPaPerDirectionOptions *pdo)
 {
     if (!pdo->has_latency) {
         pdo->has_latency = true;
         pdo->latency = 46440;
     }
-    return 1;
 }
 
 /* common */
@@ -844,12 +843,8 @@ static void *qpa_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         }
     }
 
-    if (!qpa_validate_per_direction_opts(dev, popts->in)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    if (!qpa_validate_per_direction_opts(dev, popts->out)) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
+    qpa_validate_per_direction_opts(dev, popts->in);
+    qpa_validate_per_direction_opts(dev, popts->out);
 
     g = g_new0(paaudio, 1);
     server = popts->server;
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 13/35] audio/dsound: simplify init()

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Use dsound_audio_fini() on error & fail if the capture failed to
initialize too.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/dsoundaudio.c | 29 +++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/dsoundaudio.c b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
index f3bb48d007..c8745a3df0 100644
--- a/audio/dsoundaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ static void *dsound_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
     hr = CoInitialize (NULL);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize COM\n");
-        g_free(s);
+        dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -651,19 +651,14 @@ static void *dsound_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         );
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not create DirectSound instance\n");
-        g_free(s);
+        dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
 
     hr = IDirectSound_Initialize (s->dsound, NULL);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize DirectSound\n");
-
-        hr = IDirectSound_Release (s->dsound);
-        if (FAILED (hr)) {
-            dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSound\n");
-        }
-        g_free(s);
+        dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -676,17 +671,15 @@ static void *dsound_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         );
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
         dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not create DirectSoundCapture instance\n");
-    } else {
-        hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Initialize (s->dsound_capture, NULL);
-        if (FAILED (hr)) {
-            dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize DirectSoundCapture\n");
+        dsound_audio_fini(s);
+        return NULL;
+    }
 
-            hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Release (s->dsound_capture);
-            if (FAILED (hr)) {
-                dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not release DirectSoundCapture\n");
-            }
-            s->dsound_capture = NULL;
-        }
+    hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Initialize (s->dsound_capture, NULL);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        dsound_logerr(hr, "Could not initialize DirectSoundCapture\n");
+        dsound_audio_fini(s);
+        return NULL;
     }
 
     err = dsound_set_cooperative_level(s);
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 13/35] audio/dsound: simplify init()

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Use dsound_audio_fini() on error & fail if the capture failed to
> initialize too.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/dsoundaudio.c | 29 +++++++++++------------------
>   1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 14/35] audio/dsound: report init error via **errp

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Whenever NULL is returned, errp should be set.

Inline SetCooperativeLevel call to simplify code.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/dsoundaudio.c | 182 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
 1 file changed, 79 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/dsoundaudio.c b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
index c8745a3df0..d476e9b441 100644
--- a/audio/dsoundaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include "audio_int.h"
 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
+#include "qapi/error.h"
 
 #include <windows.h>
 #include <mmsystem.h>
@@ -64,162 +65,154 @@ typedef struct {
     dsound *s;
 } DSoundVoiceIn;
 
-static void dsound_log_hresult (HRESULT hr)
+static const char *dserror(HRESULT hr)
 {
-    const char *str = "BUG";
-
     switch (hr) {
     case DS_OK:
-        str = "The method succeeded";
-        break;
+        return "The method succeeded";
 #ifdef DS_NO_VIRTUALIZATION
     case DS_NO_VIRTUALIZATION:
-        str = "The buffer was created, but another 3D algorithm was substituted";
-        break;
+        return "The buffer was created, but another 3D algorithm was substituted";
 #endif
 #ifdef DS_INCOMPLETE
     case DS_INCOMPLETE:
-        str = "The method succeeded, but not all the optional effects were obtained";
-        break;
+        return "The method succeeded, but not all the optional effects were obtained";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_ACCESSDENIED
     case DSERR_ACCESSDENIED:
-        str = "The request failed because access was denied";
-        break;
+        return "The request failed because access was denied";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_ALLOCATED
     case DSERR_ALLOCATED:
-        str = "The request failed because resources, "
-              "such as a priority level, were already in use "
-              "by another caller";
-        break;
+        return "The request failed because resources, "
+               "such as a priority level, were already in use "
+               "by another caller";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED
     case DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED:
-        str = "The object is already initialized";
-        break;
+        return "The object is already initialized";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_BADFORMAT
     case DSERR_BADFORMAT:
-        str = "The specified wave format is not supported";
-        break;
+        return "The specified wave format is not supported";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_BADSENDBUFFERGUID
     case DSERR_BADSENDBUFFERGUID:
-        str = "The GUID specified in an audiopath file "
-              "does not match a valid mix-in buffer";
-        break;
+        return "The GUID specified in an audiopath file "
+               "does not match a valid mix-in buffer";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_BUFFERLOST
     case DSERR_BUFFERLOST:
-        str = "The buffer memory has been lost and must be restored";
-        break;
+        return "The buffer memory has been lost and must be restored";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL
     case DSERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL:
-        str = "The buffer size is not great enough to "
-              "enable effects processing";
-        break;
+        return "The buffer size is not great enough to "
+               "enable effects processing";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL
     case DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL:
-        str = "The buffer control (volume, pan, and so on) "
-              "requested by the caller is not available. "
-              "Controls must be specified when the buffer is created, "
-              "using the dwFlags member of DSBUFFERDESC";
-        break;
+        return "The buffer control (volume, pan, and so on) "
+               "requested by the caller is not available. "
+               "Controls must be specified when the buffer is created, "
+               "using the dwFlags member of DSBUFFERDESC";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_DS8_REQUIRED
     case DSERR_DS8_REQUIRED:
-        str = "A DirectSound object of class CLSID_DirectSound8 or later "
-              "is required for the requested functionality. "
-              "For more information, see IDirectSound8 Interface";
-        break;
+        return "A DirectSound object of class CLSID_DirectSound8 or later "
+               "is required for the requested functionality. "
+               "For more information, see IDirectSound8 Interface";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_FXUNAVAILABLE
     case DSERR_FXUNAVAILABLE:
-        str = "The effects requested could not be found on the system, "
-              "or they are in the wrong order or in the wrong location; "
-              "for example, an effect expected in hardware "
-              "was found in software";
-        break;
+        return "The effects requested could not be found on the system, "
+               "or they are in the wrong order or in the wrong location; "
+               "for example, an effect expected in hardware "
+               "was found in software";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_GENERIC
     case DSERR_GENERIC:
-        str = "An undetermined error occurred inside the DirectSound subsystem";
-        break;
+        return "An undetermined error occurred inside the DirectSound subsystem";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_INVALIDCALL
     case DSERR_INVALIDCALL:
-        str = "This function is not valid for the current state of this object";
-        break;
+        return "This function is not valid for the current state of this object";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_INVALIDPARAM
     case DSERR_INVALIDPARAM:
-        str = "An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function";
-        break;
+        return "An invalid parameter was passed to the returning function";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_NOAGGREGATION
     case DSERR_NOAGGREGATION:
-        str = "The object does not support aggregation";
-        break;
+        return "The object does not support aggregation";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_NODRIVER
     case DSERR_NODRIVER:
-        str = "No sound driver is available for use, "
-              "or the given GUID is not a valid DirectSound device ID";
-        break;
+        return "No sound driver is available for use, "
+               "or the given GUID is not a valid DirectSound device ID";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_NOINTERFACE
     case DSERR_NOINTERFACE:
-        str = "The requested COM interface is not available";
-        break;
+        return "The requested COM interface is not available";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_OBJECTNOTFOUND
     case DSERR_OBJECTNOTFOUND:
-        str = "The requested object was not found";
-        break;
+        return "The requested object was not found";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO
     case DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO:
-        str = "Another application has a higher priority level, "
+        return "Another application has a higher priority level, "
               "preventing this call from succeeding";
-        break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY
     case DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY:
-        str = "The DirectSound subsystem could not allocate "
+        return "The DirectSound subsystem could not allocate "
                "sufficient memory to complete the caller's request";
-        break;
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED
     case DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED:
-        str = "A cooperative level of DSSCL_PRIORITY or higher is required";
-        break;
+        return "A cooperative level of DSSCL_PRIORITY or higher is required";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_SENDLOOP
     case DSERR_SENDLOOP:
-        str = "A circular loop of send effects was detected";
-        break;
+        return "A circular loop of send effects was detected";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_UNINITIALIZED
     case DSERR_UNINITIALIZED:
-        str = "The Initialize method has not been called "
-              "or has not been called successfully "
-              "before other methods were called";
-        break;
+        return "The Initialize method has not been called "
+               "or has not been called successfully "
+               "before other methods were called";
 #endif
 #ifdef DSERR_UNSUPPORTED
     case DSERR_UNSUPPORTED:
-        str = "The function called is not supported at this time";
-        break;
+        return "The function called is not supported at this time";
 #endif
     default:
-        AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: Unknown (HRESULT 0x%lx)\n", hr);
-        return;
+        return NULL;
     }
 
-    AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: %s\n", str);
+}
+
+static void dserror_set(Error **errp, HRESULT hr, const char *msg)
+{
+    const char *str = dserror(hr);
+
+    if (str) {
+        error_setg(errp, "%s: %s", msg, str);
+    } else {
+        error_setg(errp, "%s: Unknown (HRESULT: 0x%lx)", msg, hr);
+    }
+}
+
+static void dsound_log_hresult(HRESULT hr)
+{
+    const char *str = dserror(hr);
+
+    if (str) {
+        AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: %s\n", str);
+    } else {
+        AUD_log (AUDIO_CAP, "Reason: Unknown (HRESULT: 0x%lx)\n", hr);
+    }
 }
 
 static void G_GNUC_PRINTF (2, 3) dsound_logerr (
@@ -359,27 +352,6 @@ static void dsound_clear_sample (HWVoiceOut *hw, LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER dsb,
     dsound_unlock_out (dsb, p1, p2, blen1, blen2);
 }
 
-static int dsound_set_cooperative_level(dsound *s)
-{
-    HRESULT hr;
-    HWND hwnd;
-
-    hwnd = GetDesktopWindow();
-    hr = IDirectSound_SetCooperativeLevel (
-        s->dsound,
-        hwnd,
-        DSSCL_PRIORITY
-        );
-
-    if (FAILED (hr)) {
-        dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not set cooperative level for window %p\n",
-                       hwnd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
 static void dsound_enable_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, bool enable)
 {
     HRESULT hr;
@@ -621,7 +593,6 @@ static void dsound_audio_fini (void *opaque)
 
 static void *dsound_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
-    int err;
     HRESULT hr;
     dsound *s = g_new0(dsound, 1);
     AudiodevDsoundOptions *dso;
@@ -637,7 +608,7 @@ static void *dsound_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 
     hr = CoInitialize (NULL);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
-        dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize COM\n");
+        dserror_set(errp, hr, "Could not initialize COM");
         dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -650,14 +621,14 @@ static void *dsound_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         (void **) &s->dsound
         );
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
-        dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not create DirectSound instance\n");
+        dserror_set(errp, hr, "Could not create DirectSound instance");
         dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
 
     hr = IDirectSound_Initialize (s->dsound, NULL);
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
-        dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not initialize DirectSound\n");
+        dserror_set(errp, hr, "Could not initialize DirectSound");
         dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -670,21 +641,26 @@ static void *dsound_audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         (void **) &s->dsound_capture
         );
     if (FAILED (hr)) {
-        dsound_logerr (hr, "Could not create DirectSoundCapture instance\n");
+        dserror_set(errp, hr, "Could not create DirectSoundCapture instance");
         dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
 
     hr = IDirectSoundCapture_Initialize (s->dsound_capture, NULL);
     if (FAILED(hr)) {
-        dsound_logerr(hr, "Could not initialize DirectSoundCapture\n");
+        dserror_set(errp, hr, "Could not initialize DirectSoundCapture");
         dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-    err = dsound_set_cooperative_level(s);
-    if (err) {
-        dsound_audio_fini (s);
+    hr = IDirectSound_SetCooperativeLevel (
+        s->dsound,
+        GetDesktopWindow(),
+        DSSCL_PRIORITY
+    );
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        dserror_set(errp, hr, "Could not set cooperative level");
+        dsound_audio_fini(s);
         return NULL;
     }
 
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 14/35] audio/dsound: report init error via **errp

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Whenever NULL is returned, errp should be set.
> 
> Inline SetCooperativeLevel call to simplify code.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/dsoundaudio.c | 182 +++++++++++++++++++-------------------------
>   1 file changed, 79 insertions(+), 103 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 15/35] audio: simplify audio_driver_init()

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Catch and return from error early to avoid indentations and ease the
flow & return a bool for success value. All driver init() calls have
been checked to set errp on error.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.c | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 5bf4307fbd..087e1946e7 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1562,35 +1562,27 @@ size_t audio_generic_read(HWVoiceIn *hw, void *buf, size_t size)
     return total;
 }
 
-static int audio_driver_init(AudioState *s, struct audio_driver *drv,
-                             Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
+static bool audio_driver_init(AudioState *s, struct audio_driver *drv,
+                              Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
-    Error *local_err = NULL;
-
-    s->drv_opaque = drv->init(dev, &local_err);
-
-    if (s->drv_opaque) {
-        if (!drv->pcm_ops->get_buffer_in) {
-            drv->pcm_ops->get_buffer_in = audio_generic_get_buffer_in;
-            drv->pcm_ops->put_buffer_in = audio_generic_put_buffer_in;
-        }
-        if (!drv->pcm_ops->get_buffer_out) {
-            drv->pcm_ops->get_buffer_out = audio_generic_get_buffer_out;
-            drv->pcm_ops->put_buffer_out = audio_generic_put_buffer_out;
-        }
+    s->drv_opaque = drv->init(dev, errp);
+    if (!s->drv_opaque) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-        audio_init_nb_voices_out(s, drv, 1);
-        audio_init_nb_voices_in(s, drv, 0);
-        s->drv = drv;
-        return 0;
-    } else {
-        if (local_err) {
-            error_propagate(errp, local_err);
-        } else {
-            error_setg(errp, "Could not init `%s' audio driver", drv->name);
-        }
-        return -1;
+    if (!drv->pcm_ops->get_buffer_in) {
+        drv->pcm_ops->get_buffer_in = audio_generic_get_buffer_in;
+        drv->pcm_ops->put_buffer_in = audio_generic_put_buffer_in;
     }
+    if (!drv->pcm_ops->get_buffer_out) {
+        drv->pcm_ops->get_buffer_out = audio_generic_get_buffer_out;
+        drv->pcm_ops->put_buffer_out = audio_generic_put_buffer_out;
+    }
+
+    audio_init_nb_voices_out(s, drv, 1);
+    audio_init_nb_voices_in(s, drv, 0);
+    s->drv = drv;
+    return true;
 }
 
 static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
@@ -1748,7 +1740,7 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         drvname = AudiodevDriver_str(dev->driver);
         driver = audio_driver_lookup(drvname);
         if (driver) {
-            done = !audio_driver_init(s, driver, dev, errp);
+            done = audio_driver_init(s, driver, dev, errp);
         } else {
             error_setg(errp, "Unknown audio driver `%s'", drvname);
         }
@@ -1768,7 +1760,7 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
             g_free(e);
             drvname = AudiodevDriver_str(dev->driver);
             driver = audio_driver_lookup(drvname);
-            if (!audio_driver_init(s, driver, dev, NULL)) {
+            if (audio_driver_init(s, driver, dev, NULL)) {
                 break;
             }
             qapi_free_Audiodev(dev);
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 15/35] audio: simplify audio_driver_init()

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Catch and return from error early to avoid indentations and ease the
> flow & return a bool for success value. All driver init() calls have
> been checked to set errp on error.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.c | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------
>   1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 16/35] audio: move period tick initialization

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Part of QOM-ification.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.c | 13 +++++++------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 087e1946e7..43db7380f0 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1582,6 +1582,13 @@ static bool audio_driver_init(AudioState *s, struct audio_driver *drv,
     audio_init_nb_voices_out(s, drv, 1);
     audio_init_nb_voices_in(s, drv, 0);
     s->drv = drv;
+
+    if (dev->timer_period <= 0) {
+        s->period_ticks = 1;
+    } else {
+        s->period_ticks = dev->timer_period * (int64_t)SCALE_US;
+    }
+
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -1768,12 +1775,6 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         }
     }
 
-    if (dev->timer_period <= 0) {
-        s->period_ticks = 1;
-    } else {
-        s->period_ticks = dev->timer_period * (int64_t)SCALE_US;
-    }
-
     vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler (audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
     if (!vmse) {
         dolog ("warning: Could not register change state handler\n"
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 16/35] audio: move period tick initialization

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Part of QOM-ification.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.c | 13 +++++++------
>   1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 17/35] audio: drop needless error message

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

The only reason it would fail to add the handler is if it's calling a
stub. But this cannot happen as audio is only supported with system qemu.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.c | 5 +----
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 43db7380f0..155809dee7 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1776,10 +1776,7 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
     }
 
     vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler (audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
-    if (!vmse) {
-        dolog ("warning: Could not register change state handler\n"
-               "(Audio can continue looping even after stopping the VM)\n");
-    }
+    assert(vmse != NULL);
 
     if (!object_property_try_add_child(get_audiodevs_root(), dev->id, OBJECT(s), errp)) {
         goto out;
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 17/35] audio: drop needless error message

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> The only reason it would fail to add the handler is if it's calling a
> stub. But this cannot happen as audio is only supported with system qemu.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.c | 5 +----
>   1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 4 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 18/35] audio: keep vmstate handle with AudioState

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

QOM-ification continues.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio_int.h |  1 +
 audio/audio.c     | 12 ++++++++----
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index 4187a2dbfc..4a4d69f2bf 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ typedef struct AudioState {
 
     bool timer_running;
     uint64_t timer_last;
+    VMChangeStateEntry *vmse;
 } AudioState;
 
 extern const struct mixeng_volume nominal_volume;
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 155809dee7..4c3c3fd52f 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1622,6 +1622,9 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
     QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_in);
     QLIST_INIT(&s->cap_head);
     s->ts = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, audio_timer, s);
+
+    s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
+    assert(s->vmse != NULL);
 }
 
 static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
@@ -1671,6 +1674,11 @@ static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
         timer_free(s->ts);
         s->ts = NULL;
     }
+
+    if (s->vmse) {
+        qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(s->vmse);
+        s->vmse = NULL;
+    }
 }
 
 static Object *get_audiodevs_root(void)
@@ -1735,7 +1743,6 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     int done = 0;
     const char *drvname;
-    VMChangeStateEntry *vmse;
     AudioState *s;
     struct audio_driver *driver;
 
@@ -1775,9 +1782,6 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         }
     }
 
-    vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler (audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
-    assert(vmse != NULL);
-
     if (!object_property_try_add_child(get_audiodevs_root(), dev->id, OBJECT(s), errp)) {
         goto out;
     }
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 18/35] audio: keep vmstate handle with AudioState

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> QOM-ification continues.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio_int.h |  1 +
>   audio/audio.c     | 12 ++++++++----
>   2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)


> diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
> index 155809dee7..4c3c3fd52f 100644
> --- a/audio/audio.c
> +++ b/audio/audio.c
> @@ -1622,6 +1622,9 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>       QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_in);
>       QLIST_INIT(&s->cap_head);
>       s->ts = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, audio_timer, s);
> +
> +    s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
> +    assert(s->vmse != NULL);
>   }
>   
>   static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
> @@ -1671,6 +1674,11 @@ static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
>           timer_free(s->ts);
>           s->ts = NULL;
>       }
> +
> +    if (s->vmse) {

Already asserted as non-NULL?

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

> +        qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(s->vmse);
> +        s->vmse = NULL;
> +    }
>   }

[PATCH v3 19/35] audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Proper lifecycle management with QOM state.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.c | 7 ++++++-
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 4c3c3fd52f..853930bb48 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1614,6 +1614,8 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
     audio_reset_timer (s);
 }
 
+static const VMStateDescription vmstate_audio;
+
 static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
 {
     AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
@@ -1625,6 +1627,8 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
 
     s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
     assert(s->vmse != NULL);
+
+    vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
 }
 
 static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
@@ -1679,6 +1683,8 @@ static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
         qemu_del_vm_change_state_handler(s->vmse);
         s->vmse = NULL;
     }
+
+    vmstate_unregister(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
 }
 
 static Object *get_audiodevs_root(void)
@@ -1787,7 +1793,6 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
     }
     object_unref(s);
     QLIST_INIT (&s->card_head);
-    vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
     return s;
 
 out:
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 19/35] audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Proper lifecycle management with QOM state.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.c | 7 ++++++-
>   1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> 
> diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
> index 4c3c3fd52f..853930bb48 100644
> --- a/audio/audio.c
> +++ b/audio/audio.c
> @@ -1614,6 +1614,8 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
>       audio_reset_timer (s);
>   }
>   
> +static const VMStateDescription vmstate_audio;
> +
>   static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>   {
>       AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
> @@ -1625,6 +1627,8 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>   
>       s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
>       assert(s->vmse != NULL);
> +
> +    vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);

Please avoid legacy APIs:

/**
  * vmstate_register_any() - legacy function to register state
  * serialisation description and let the function choose the id
  *
  * New code shouldn't be using this function as QOM-ified devices have
  * dc->vmsd to store the serialisation description.
  *
  * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on failure
  */

Re: [PATCH v3 19/35] audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState

[Marc-André Lureau]

Hi

On Wed, Oct 29, 2025 at 5:51 PM Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
<philmd@linaro.org> wrote:
>
> On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> > From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> >
> > Proper lifecycle management with QOM state.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> > ---
> >   audio/audio.c | 7 ++++++-
> >   1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
> > index 4c3c3fd52f..853930bb48 100644
> > --- a/audio/audio.c
> > +++ b/audio/audio.c
> > @@ -1614,6 +1614,8 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
> >       audio_reset_timer (s);
> >   }
> >
> > +static const VMStateDescription vmstate_audio;
> > +
> >   static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
> >   {
> >       AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
> > @@ -1625,6 +1627,8 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
> >
> >       s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
> >       assert(s->vmse != NULL);
> > +
> > +    vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
>
> Please avoid legacy APIs:
>
> /**
>   * vmstate_register_any() - legacy function to register state
>   * serialisation description and let the function choose the id
>   *
>   * New code shouldn't be using this function as QOM-ified devices have
>   * dc->vmsd to store the serialisation description.
>   *
>   * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on failure
>   */
>

qdev/Device have vmsd, but not plain Object (or legacy code without object).



-- 
Marc-André Lureau

Re: [PATCH v3 19/35] audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 29/10/25 20:00, Marc-André Lureau wrote:
> Hi
> 
> On Wed, Oct 29, 2025 at 5:51 PM Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
> <philmd@linaro.org> wrote:
>>
>> On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
>>> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>>>
>>> Proper lifecycle management with QOM state.
>>>
>>> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>>> ---
>>>    audio/audio.c | 7 ++++++-
>>>    1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>>
>>> diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
>>> index 4c3c3fd52f..853930bb48 100644
>>> --- a/audio/audio.c
>>> +++ b/audio/audio.c
>>> @@ -1614,6 +1614,8 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
>>>        audio_reset_timer (s);
>>>    }
>>>
>>> +static const VMStateDescription vmstate_audio;
>>> +
>>>    static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>>>    {
>>>        AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
>>> @@ -1625,6 +1627,8 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>>>
>>>        s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
>>>        assert(s->vmse != NULL);
>>> +
>>> +    vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
>>
>> Please avoid legacy APIs:
>>
>> /**
>>    * vmstate_register_any() - legacy function to register state
>>    * serialisation description and let the function choose the id
>>    *
>>    * New code shouldn't be using this function as QOM-ified devices have
>>    * dc->vmsd to store the serialisation description.
>>    *
>>    * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on failure
>>    */
>>
> 
> qdev/Device have vmsd, but not plain Object (or legacy code without object).

Hmm right. Cc'ing Peter & Fabiano.

Re: [PATCH v3 19/35] audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 29/10/25 22:42, Philippe Mathieu-Daudé wrote:
> On 29/10/25 20:00, Marc-André Lureau wrote:
>> Hi
>>
>> On Wed, Oct 29, 2025 at 5:51 PM Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
>> <philmd@linaro.org> wrote:
>>>
>>> On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
>>>> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>>>>
>>>> Proper lifecycle management with QOM state.
>>>>
>>>> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>>>> ---
>>>>    audio/audio.c | 7 ++++++-
>>>>    1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
>>>> index 4c3c3fd52f..853930bb48 100644
>>>> --- a/audio/audio.c
>>>> +++ b/audio/audio.c
>>>> @@ -1614,6 +1614,8 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler 
>>>> (void *opaque, bool running,
>>>>        audio_reset_timer (s);
>>>>    }
>>>>
>>>> +static const VMStateDescription vmstate_audio;
>>>> +
>>>>    static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>>>>    {
>>>>        AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
>>>> @@ -1625,6 +1627,8 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>>>>
>>>>        s->vmse = 
>>>> qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
>>>>        assert(s->vmse != NULL);
>>>> +
>>>> +    vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
>>>
>>> Please avoid legacy APIs:
>>>
>>> /**
>>>    * vmstate_register_any() - legacy function to register state
>>>    * serialisation description and let the function choose the id
>>>    *
>>>    * New code shouldn't be using this function as QOM-ified devices have
>>>    * dc->vmsd to store the serialisation description.
>>>    *
>>>    * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on failure
>>>    */
>>>
>>
>> qdev/Device have vmsd, but not plain Object (or legacy code without 
>> object).
> 
> Hmm right. Cc'ing Peter & Fabiano.

Not blocking, so:

Re: [PATCH v3 19/35] audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 29/10/25 22:42, Philippe Mathieu-Daudé wrote:
> On 29/10/25 20:00, Marc-André Lureau wrote:
>> Hi
>>
>> On Wed, Oct 29, 2025 at 5:51 PM Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
>> <philmd@linaro.org> wrote:
>>>
>>> On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
>>>> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>>>>
>>>> Proper lifecycle management with QOM state.
>>>>
>>>> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>>>> ---
>>>>    audio/audio.c | 7 ++++++-
>>>>    1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>>>>
>>>> diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
>>>> index 4c3c3fd52f..853930bb48 100644
>>>> --- a/audio/audio.c
>>>> +++ b/audio/audio.c
>>>> @@ -1614,6 +1614,8 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler 
>>>> (void *opaque, bool running,
>>>>        audio_reset_timer (s);
>>>>    }
>>>>
>>>> +static const VMStateDescription vmstate_audio;
>>>> +
>>>>    static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>>>>    {
>>>>        AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
>>>> @@ -1625,6 +1627,8 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
>>>>
>>>>        s->vmse = 
>>>> qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
>>>>        assert(s->vmse != NULL);
>>>> +
>>>> +    vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
>>>
>>> Please avoid legacy APIs:
>>>
>>> /**
>>>    * vmstate_register_any() - legacy function to register state
>>>    * serialisation description and let the function choose the id
>>>    *
>>>    * New code shouldn't be using this function as QOM-ified devices have
>>>    * dc->vmsd to store the serialisation description.
>>>    *
>>>    * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on failure
>>>    */
>>>
>>
>> qdev/Device have vmsd, but not plain Object (or legacy code without 
>> object).
> 
> Hmm right. Cc'ing Peter & Fabiano.

Not blocking, so:

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

But please consider an alternative. We really ought to remove this
legacy API.

Thanks,

Phil.

Re: [PATCH v3 19/35] audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState

[Peter Xu]

On Wed, Oct 29, 2025 at 10:42:00PM +0100, Philippe Mathieu-Daudé wrote:
> On 29/10/25 20:00, Marc-André Lureau wrote:
> > Hi
> > 
> > On Wed, Oct 29, 2025 at 5:51 PM Philippe Mathieu-Daudé
> > <philmd@linaro.org> wrote:
> > > 
> > > On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> > > > From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> > > > 
> > > > Proper lifecycle management with QOM state.
> > > > 
> > > > Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> > > > ---
> > > >    audio/audio.c | 7 ++++++-
> > > >    1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > > > 
> > > > diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
> > > > index 4c3c3fd52f..853930bb48 100644
> > > > --- a/audio/audio.c
> > > > +++ b/audio/audio.c
> > > > @@ -1614,6 +1614,8 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
> > > >        audio_reset_timer (s);
> > > >    }
> > > > 
> > > > +static const VMStateDescription vmstate_audio;
> > > > +
> > > >    static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
> > > >    {
> > > >        AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
> > > > @@ -1625,6 +1627,8 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
> > > > 
> > > >        s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
> > > >        assert(s->vmse != NULL);
> > > > +
> > > > +    vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
> > > 
> > > Please avoid legacy APIs:
> > > 
> > > /**
> > >    * vmstate_register_any() - legacy function to register state
> > >    * serialisation description and let the function choose the id
> > >    *
> > >    * New code shouldn't be using this function as QOM-ified devices have
> > >    * dc->vmsd to store the serialisation description.
> > >    *
> > >    * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on failure
> > >    */
> > > 
> > 
> > qdev/Device have vmsd, but not plain Object (or legacy code without object).
> 
> Hmm right. Cc'ing Peter & Fabiano.

Thanks, yeah this looks fine when it was already there.

When looking at it, what's interesting is vmstate_audio is actually empty..

Explanation in da77adbaf61, since 2021.  Maybe we could drop it completely
at some point as I know we start to deprecate machines over 6(?)  years.
But I don't know when is proper.

We also hit similar issue with TAP device where there was a demand to add
compat properties to TAP however it was not a qdev, hence it cannot use
compat properties mechanism..  I wonder if these devices will be (at some
point) be converted to be type device.

-- 
Peter Xu

[PATCH v3 20/35] audio: initialize card_head during object init

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 853930bb48..bdaee7855f 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1623,6 +1623,7 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
     QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_out);
     QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_in);
     QLIST_INIT(&s->cap_head);
+    QLIST_INIT(&s->card_head);
     s->ts = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, audio_timer, s);
 
     s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
@@ -1792,7 +1793,6 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
         goto out;
     }
     object_unref(s);
-    QLIST_INIT (&s->card_head);
     return s;
 
 out:
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 20/35] audio: initialize card_head during object init

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.c | 2 +-
>   1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 21/35] audio: remove some needless headers

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.h       | 1 -
 audio/audio.c       | 3 ---
 audio/dbusaudio.c   | 2 --
 audio/dsoundaudio.c | 1 -
 audio/mixeng.c      | 4 +++-
 audio/noaudio.c     | 2 --
 audio/wavaudio.c    | 3 ---
 audio/wavcapture.c  | 1 -
 8 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index e41c5bc55a..3be0c4f24f 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 
 #include "qemu/queue.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
-#include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties-system.h"
 
 typedef void (*audio_callback_fn) (void *opaque, int avail);
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index bdaee7855f..f334030d96 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "audio.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
-#include "monitor/monitor.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qapi/clone-visitor.h"
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@
 #include "qapi/qapi-visit-audio.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-commands-audio.h"
 #include "qobject/qdict.h"
-#include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
@@ -41,7 +39,6 @@
 #include "system/system.h"
 #include "system/replay.h"
 #include "system/runstate.h"
-#include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "audio"
diff --git a/audio/dbusaudio.c b/audio/dbusaudio.c
index b44fdd1511..908214a170 100644
--- a/audio/dbusaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dbusaudio.c
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
-#include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "qemu/timer.h"
 #include "qemu/dbus.h"
 
 #ifdef G_OS_UNIX
diff --git a/audio/dsoundaudio.c b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
index d476e9b441..bd00c50e80 100644
--- a/audio/dsoundaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "dsound"
 #include "audio_int.h"
-#include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 
diff --git a/audio/mixeng.c b/audio/mixeng.c
index 703ee5448f..be38617e9b 100644
--- a/audio/mixeng.c
+++ b/audio/mixeng.c
@@ -24,11 +24,13 @@
  */
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
-#include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "audio.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "mixeng"
 #include "audio_int.h"
+#ifdef FLOAT_MIXENG
+#include "qemu/error-report.h"
+#endif
 
 /* 8 bit */
 #define ENDIAN_CONVERSION natural
diff --git a/audio/noaudio.c b/audio/noaudio.c
index 1b60d8518a..34ff1d2a27 100644
--- a/audio/noaudio.c
+++ b/audio/noaudio.c
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "audio.h"
-#include "qemu/timer.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "noaudio"
 #include "audio_int.h"
diff --git a/audio/wavaudio.c b/audio/wavaudio.c
index a8798a1c42..a098b20cad 100644
--- a/audio/wavaudio.c
+++ b/audio/wavaudio.c
@@ -23,10 +23,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "qemu/timer.h"
-#include "qapi/opts-visitor.h"
 #include "audio.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "wav"
diff --git a/audio/wavcapture.c b/audio/wavcapture.c
index c60286e162..b990844d48 100644
--- a/audio/wavcapture.c
+++ b/audio/wavcapture.c
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/qemu-print.h"
-#include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "audio.h"
 
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 21/35] audio: remove some needless headers

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.h       | 1 -
>   audio/audio.c       | 3 ---
>   audio/dbusaudio.c   | 2 --
>   audio/dsoundaudio.c | 1 -
>   audio/mixeng.c      | 4 +++-
>   audio/noaudio.c     | 2 --
>   audio/wavaudio.c    | 3 ---
>   audio/wavcapture.c  | 1 -
>   8 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 22/35] audio: remove AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 audio/audio.h      | 6 ------
 audio/audio.c      | 6 +++---
 audio/spiceaudio.c | 4 ++--
 hw/audio/adlib.c   | 2 +-
 hw/audio/asc.c     | 2 +-
 hw/audio/cs4231a.c | 2 +-
 hw/audio/gus.c     | 2 +-
 7 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index 3be0c4f24f..0af911fd9a 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -31,12 +31,6 @@
 
 typedef void (*audio_callback_fn) (void *opaque, int avail);
 
-#if HOST_BIG_ENDIAN
-#define AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS 1
-#else
-#define AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS 0
-#endif
-
 typedef struct audsettings {
     int freq;
     int nchannels;
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index f334030d96..18bc9188db 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ static int audio_pcm_info_eq (struct audio_pcm_info *info, struct audsettings *a
         && info->is_signed == is_signed
         && info->is_float == is_float
         && info->bits == bits
-        && info->swap_endianness == (as->endianness != AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS);
+        && info->swap_endianness == (as->endianness != HOST_BIG_ENDIAN);
 }
 
 void audio_pcm_init_info (struct audio_pcm_info *info, struct audsettings *as)
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ void audio_pcm_init_info (struct audio_pcm_info *info, struct audsettings *as)
     info->nchannels = as->nchannels;
     info->bytes_per_frame = as->nchannels * mul;
     info->bytes_per_second = info->freq * info->bytes_per_frame;
-    info->swap_endianness = (as->endianness != AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS);
+    info->swap_endianness = (as->endianness != HOST_BIG_ENDIAN);
 }
 
 void audio_pcm_info_clear_buf (struct audio_pcm_info *info, void *buf, int len)
@@ -2179,7 +2179,7 @@ audsettings audiodev_to_audsettings(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo)
         .freq = pdo->frequency,
         .nchannels = pdo->channels,
         .fmt = pdo->format,
-        .endianness = AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS,
+        .endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN,
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/spiceaudio.c b/audio/spiceaudio.c
index 7f02f7285c..7e737bff9a 100644
--- a/audio/spiceaudio.c
+++ b/audio/spiceaudio.c
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ static int line_out_init(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
 #endif
     settings.nchannels  = SPICE_INTERFACE_PLAYBACK_CHAN;
     settings.fmt        = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16;
-    settings.endianness = AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS;
+    settings.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
 
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, &settings);
     hw->samples = LINE_OUT_SAMPLES;
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ static int line_in_init(HWVoiceIn *hw, struct audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
 #endif
     settings.nchannels  = SPICE_INTERFACE_RECORD_CHAN;
     settings.fmt        = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16;
-    settings.endianness = AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS;
+    settings.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
 
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, &settings);
     hw->samples = LINE_IN_SAMPLES;
diff --git a/hw/audio/adlib.c b/hw/audio/adlib.c
index 6aae365f47..45c0a458f2 100644
--- a/hw/audio/adlib.c
+++ b/hw/audio/adlib.c
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ static void adlib_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     as.freq = s->freq;
     as.nchannels = SHIFT;
     as.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16;
-    as.endianness = AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS;
+    as.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out (
         &s->card,
diff --git a/hw/audio/asc.c b/hw/audio/asc.c
index edd42d6d91..41472dc2e3 100644
--- a/hw/audio/asc.c
+++ b/hw/audio/asc.c
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@ static void asc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     as.freq = ASC_FREQ;
     as.nchannels = 2;
     as.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_U8;
-    as.endianness = AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS;
+    as.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->voice, "asc.out", s, asc_out_cb,
                             &as);
diff --git a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
index 3b80a61378..0a5d614f8b 100644
--- a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
+++ b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ static void cs_reset_voices (CSState *s, uint32_t val)
         s->tab = ALawDecompressTable;
     x_law:
         as.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16;
-        as.endianness = AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS;
+        as.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
         s->shift = as.nchannels == 2;
         break;
 
diff --git a/hw/audio/gus.c b/hw/audio/gus.c
index 45ea04bf89..d13a95eb5a 100644
--- a/hw/audio/gus.c
+++ b/hw/audio/gus.c
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ static void gus_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     as.freq = s->freq;
     as.nchannels = 2;
     as.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16;
-    as.endianness = AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS;
+    as.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out (
         &s->card,
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 23/35] audio: introduce AUD_set_volume_{in,out}_lr()

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

There are 2 sets of functions since the introduction of multi-channel
Volume structure: AUD_set_volume_{in,out} and audio_set_volume_{in,out}.

Use the AUD_ prefix for consistency with other audio.c functions. Rename
the stereo function with "_lr" suffix.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.h         | 21 ++++++++++++++++-----
 audio/audio.c         | 16 ++--------------
 hw/audio/ac97.c       |  4 ++--
 hw/audio/asc.c        |  2 +-
 hw/audio/hda-codec.c  |  4 ++--
 hw/audio/lm4549.c     |  2 +-
 hw/audio/via-ac97.c   |  2 +-
 hw/audio/virtio-snd.c |  4 ++--
 hw/audio/wm8750.c     | 12 ++++++------
 hw/display/xlnx_dp.c  |  2 +-
 hw/usb/dev-audio.c    |  4 ++--
 11 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index 0af911fd9a..c8515afcd2 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -119,9 +119,6 @@ int  AUD_is_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw);
 void     AUD_init_time_stamp_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts);
 uint64_t AUD_get_elapsed_usec_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts);
 
-void AUD_set_volume_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int mute, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol);
-void AUD_set_volume_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int mute, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol);
-
 #define AUDIO_MAX_CHANNELS 16
 typedef struct Volume {
     bool mute;
@@ -129,8 +126,22 @@ typedef struct Volume {
     uint8_t vol[AUDIO_MAX_CHANNELS];
 } Volume;
 
-void audio_set_volume_out(SWVoiceOut *sw, Volume *vol);
-void audio_set_volume_in(SWVoiceIn *sw, Volume *vol);
+void AUD_set_volume_out(SWVoiceOut *sw, Volume *vol);
+void AUD_set_volume_in(SWVoiceIn *sw, Volume *vol);
+
+static inline void
+AUD_set_volume_out_lr(SWVoiceOut *sw, bool mut, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol) {
+    AUD_set_volume_out(sw, &(Volume) {
+        .mute = mut, .channels = 2, .vol = { lvol, rvol }
+    });
+}
+
+static inline void
+AUD_set_volume_in_lr(SWVoiceIn *sw, bool mut, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol) {
+    AUD_set_volume_in(sw, &(Volume) {
+        .mute = mut, .channels = 2, .vol = { lvol, rvol }
+    });
+}
 
 SWVoiceIn *AUD_open_in (
     QEMUSoundCard *card,
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 18bc9188db..8723f4e66e 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1949,13 +1949,7 @@ void AUD_del_capture (CaptureVoiceOut *cap, void *cb_opaque)
     }
 }
 
-void AUD_set_volume_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int mute, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol)
-{
-    Volume vol = { .mute = mute, .channels = 2, .vol = { lvol, rvol } };
-    audio_set_volume_out(sw, &vol);
-}
-
-void audio_set_volume_out(SWVoiceOut *sw, Volume *vol)
+void AUD_set_volume_out(SWVoiceOut *sw, Volume *vol)
 {
     if (sw) {
         HWVoiceOut *hw = sw->hw;
@@ -1971,13 +1965,7 @@ void audio_set_volume_out(SWVoiceOut *sw, Volume *vol)
     }
 }
 
-void AUD_set_volume_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int mute, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol)
-{
-    Volume vol = { .mute = mute, .channels = 2, .vol = { lvol, rvol } };
-    audio_set_volume_in(sw, &vol);
-}
-
-void audio_set_volume_in(SWVoiceIn *sw, Volume *vol)
+void AUD_set_volume_in(SWVoiceIn *sw, Volume *vol)
 {
     if (sw) {
         HWVoiceIn *hw = sw->hw;
diff --git a/hw/audio/ac97.c b/hw/audio/ac97.c
index 6b9013ebb8..c3e5f9c8bb 100644
--- a/hw/audio/ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/ac97.c
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ static void update_combined_volume_out(AC97LinkState *s)
     lvol = (lvol * plvol) / 255;
     rvol = (rvol * prvol) / 255;
 
-    AUD_set_volume_out(s->voice_po, mute, lvol, rvol);
+    AUD_set_volume_out_lr(s->voice_po, mute, lvol, rvol);
 }
 
 static void update_volume_in(AC97LinkState *s)
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ static void update_volume_in(AC97LinkState *s)
     get_volume(mixer_load(s, AC97_Record_Gain_Mute), 0x0f, 0,
                &mute, &lvol, &rvol);
 
-    AUD_set_volume_in(s->voice_pi, mute, lvol, rvol);
+    AUD_set_volume_in_lr(s->voice_pi, mute, lvol, rvol);
 }
 
 static void set_volume(AC97LinkState *s, int index, uint32_t val)
diff --git a/hw/audio/asc.c b/hw/audio/asc.c
index 41472dc2e3..991316e984 100644
--- a/hw/audio/asc.c
+++ b/hw/audio/asc.c
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ static void asc_write(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, uint64_t value,
         {
             int vol = (value & 0xe0);
 
-            AUD_set_volume_out(s->voice, 0, vol, vol);
+            AUD_set_volume_out_lr(s->voice, 0, vol, vol);
             break;
         }
     }
diff --git a/hw/audio/hda-codec.c b/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
index 66edad280f..cc87557954 100644
--- a/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
+++ b/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
@@ -466,9 +466,9 @@ static void hda_audio_set_amp(HDAAudioStream *st)
         return;
     }
     if (st->output) {
-        AUD_set_volume_out(st->voice.out, muted, left, right);
+        AUD_set_volume_out_lr(st->voice.out, muted, left, right);
     } else {
-        AUD_set_volume_in(st->voice.in, muted, left, right);
+        AUD_set_volume_in_lr(st->voice.in, muted, left, right);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/audio/lm4549.c b/hw/audio/lm4549.c
index a4a77c8dc6..dccbf56068 100644
--- a/hw/audio/lm4549.c
+++ b/hw/audio/lm4549.c
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ void lm4549_init(lm4549_state *s, lm4549_callback data_req_cb, void* opaque,
         &as
     );
 
-    AUD_set_volume_out(s->voice, 0, 255, 255);
+    AUD_set_volume_out_lr(s->voice, 0, 255, 255);
 
     s->voice_is_active = 0;
 
diff --git a/hw/audio/via-ac97.c b/hw/audio/via-ac97.c
index d5231e1cf2..62341e5600 100644
--- a/hw/audio/via-ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/via-ac97.c
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ static void codec_volume_set_out(ViaAC97State *s)
     rvol /= 255;
     mute = CODEC_REG(s, AC97_Master_Volume_Mute) >> MUTE_SHIFT;
     mute |= CODEC_REG(s, AC97_PCM_Out_Volume_Mute) >> MUTE_SHIFT;
-    AUD_set_volume_out(s->vo, mute, lvol, rvol);
+    AUD_set_volume_out_lr(s->vo, mute, lvol, rvol);
 }
 
 static void codec_reset(ViaAC97State *s)
diff --git a/hw/audio/virtio-snd.c b/hw/audio/virtio-snd.c
index eca3319e59..88777977a9 100644
--- a/hw/audio/virtio-snd.c
+++ b/hw/audio/virtio-snd.c
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ static uint32_t virtio_snd_pcm_prepare(VirtIOSound *s, uint32_t stream_id)
                                          stream,
                                          virtio_snd_pcm_out_cb,
                                          &as);
-        AUD_set_volume_out(stream->voice.out, 0, 255, 255);
+        AUD_set_volume_out_lr(stream->voice.out, 0, 255, 255);
     } else {
         stream->voice.in = AUD_open_in(&s->card,
                                         stream->voice.in,
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ static uint32_t virtio_snd_pcm_prepare(VirtIOSound *s, uint32_t stream_id)
                                         stream,
                                         virtio_snd_pcm_in_cb,
                                         &as);
-        AUD_set_volume_in(stream->voice.in, 0, 255, 255);
+        AUD_set_volume_in_lr(stream->voice.in, 0, 255, 255);
     }
 
     return cpu_to_le32(VIRTIO_SND_S_OK);
diff --git a/hw/audio/wm8750.c b/hw/audio/wm8750.c
index 2846b55fe2..7a36c4bd3f 100644
--- a/hw/audio/wm8750.c
+++ b/hw/audio/wm8750.c
@@ -145,30 +145,30 @@ static void wm8750_vol_update(WM8750State *s)
 {
     /* FIXME: multiply all volumes by s->invol[2], s->invol[3] */
 
-    AUD_set_volume_in(s->adc_voice[0], s->mute,
+    AUD_set_volume_in_lr(s->adc_voice[0], s->mute,
                     s->inmute[0] ? 0 : WM8750_INVOL_TRANSFORM(s->invol[0]),
                     s->inmute[1] ? 0 : WM8750_INVOL_TRANSFORM(s->invol[1]));
-    AUD_set_volume_in(s->adc_voice[1], s->mute,
+    AUD_set_volume_in_lr(s->adc_voice[1], s->mute,
                     s->inmute[0] ? 0 : WM8750_INVOL_TRANSFORM(s->invol[0]),
                     s->inmute[1] ? 0 : WM8750_INVOL_TRANSFORM(s->invol[1]));
-    AUD_set_volume_in(s->adc_voice[2], s->mute,
+    AUD_set_volume_in_lr(s->adc_voice[2], s->mute,
                     s->inmute[0] ? 0 : WM8750_INVOL_TRANSFORM(s->invol[0]),
                     s->inmute[1] ? 0 : WM8750_INVOL_TRANSFORM(s->invol[1]));
 
     /* FIXME: multiply all volumes by s->outvol[0], s->outvol[1] */
 
     /* Speaker: LOUT2VOL ROUT2VOL */
-    AUD_set_volume_out(s->dac_voice[0], s->mute,
+    AUD_set_volume_out_lr(s->dac_voice[0], s->mute,
                     s->outmute[0] ? 0 : WM8750_OUTVOL_TRANSFORM(s->outvol[4]),
                     s->outmute[1] ? 0 : WM8750_OUTVOL_TRANSFORM(s->outvol[5]));
 
     /* Headphone: LOUT1VOL ROUT1VOL */
-    AUD_set_volume_out(s->dac_voice[1], s->mute,
+    AUD_set_volume_out_lr(s->dac_voice[1], s->mute,
                     s->outmute[0] ? 0 : WM8750_OUTVOL_TRANSFORM(s->outvol[2]),
                     s->outmute[1] ? 0 : WM8750_OUTVOL_TRANSFORM(s->outvol[3]));
 
     /* MONOOUT: MONOVOL MONOVOL */
-    AUD_set_volume_out(s->dac_voice[2], s->mute,
+    AUD_set_volume_out_lr(s->dac_voice[2], s->mute,
                     s->outmute[0] ? 0 : WM8750_OUTVOL_TRANSFORM(s->outvol[6]),
                     s->outmute[1] ? 0 : WM8750_OUTVOL_TRANSFORM(s->outvol[6]));
 }
diff --git a/hw/display/xlnx_dp.c b/hw/display/xlnx_dp.c
index ef73e1815f..882ae3c4b4 100644
--- a/hw/display/xlnx_dp.c
+++ b/hw/display/xlnx_dp.c
@@ -1334,7 +1334,7 @@ static void xlnx_dp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
                                            s,
                                            xlnx_dp_audio_callback,
                                            &as);
-    AUD_set_volume_out(s->amixer_output_stream, 0, 255, 255);
+    AUD_set_volume_out_lr(s->amixer_output_stream, 0, 255, 255);
     xlnx_dp_audio_activate(s);
     s->vblank = ptimer_init(vblank_hit, s, DP_VBLANK_PTIMER_POLICY);
     ptimer_transaction_begin(s->vblank);
diff --git a/hw/usb/dev-audio.c b/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
index 26af709f31..f59e5a53f0 100644
--- a/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
+++ b/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
@@ -805,7 +805,7 @@ static int usb_audio_set_control(USBAudioState *s, uint8_t attrib,
             }
             fprintf(stderr, "\n");
         }
-        audio_set_volume_out(s->out.voice, &s->out.vol);
+        AUD_set_volume_out(s->out.voice, &s->out.vol);
     }
 
     return ret;
@@ -981,7 +981,7 @@ static void usb_audio_reinit(USBDevice *dev, unsigned channels)
 
     s->out.voice = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->out.voice, TYPE_USB_AUDIO,
                                 s, output_callback, &s->out.as);
-    audio_set_volume_out(s->out.voice, &s->out.vol);
+    AUD_set_volume_out(s->out.voice, &s->out.vol);
     AUD_set_active_out(s->out.voice, 0);
 }
 
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 23/35] audio: introduce AUD_set_volume_{in,out}_lr()

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> There are 2 sets of functions since the introduction of multi-channel
> Volume structure: AUD_set_volume_{in,out} and audio_set_volume_{in,out}.
> 
> Use the AUD_ prefix for consistency with other audio.c functions. Rename
> the stereo function with "_lr" suffix.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.h         | 21 ++++++++++++++++-----
>   audio/audio.c         | 16 ++--------------
>   hw/audio/ac97.c       |  4 ++--
>   hw/audio/asc.c        |  2 +-
>   hw/audio/hda-codec.c  |  4 ++--
>   hw/audio/lm4549.c     |  2 +-
>   hw/audio/via-ac97.c   |  2 +-
>   hw/audio/virtio-snd.c |  4 ++--
>   hw/audio/wm8750.c     | 12 ++++++------
>   hw/display/xlnx_dp.c  |  2 +-
>   hw/usb/dev-audio.c    |  4 ++--
>   11 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 37 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 24/35] audio/replay: fix type punning

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.h           | 6 ++++--
 audio/mixeng.h          | 1 -
 include/system/replay.h | 3 ++-
 audio/mixeng.c          | 6 ++----
 replay/replay-audio.c   | 2 +-
 replay/stubs-system.c   | 2 +-
 6 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index c8515afcd2..61ff900b7e 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -171,9 +171,11 @@ int wav_start_capture(AudioState *state, CaptureState *s, const char *path,
 
 void audio_cleanup(void);
 
-void audio_sample_to_uint64(const void *samples, int pos,
+typedef struct st_sample st_sample;
+
+void audio_sample_to_uint64(const st_sample *sample, int pos,
                             uint64_t *left, uint64_t *right);
-void audio_sample_from_uint64(void *samples, int pos,
+void audio_sample_from_uint64(st_sample *sample, int pos,
                             uint64_t left, uint64_t right);
 
 void audio_add_audiodev(Audiodev *audio);
diff --git a/audio/mixeng.h b/audio/mixeng.h
index ead93ac2f7..f63283f408 100644
--- a/audio/mixeng.h
+++ b/audio/mixeng.h
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ struct st_sample { mixeng_real l; mixeng_real r; };
 struct mixeng_volume { int mute; int64_t r; int64_t l; };
 struct st_sample { int64_t l; int64_t r; };
 #endif
-typedef struct st_sample st_sample;
 
 typedef void (t_sample) (struct st_sample *dst, const void *src, int samples);
 typedef void (f_sample) (void *dst, const struct st_sample *src, int samples);
diff --git a/include/system/replay.h b/include/system/replay.h
index 1c87c97fdd..1e63c0784c 100644
--- a/include/system/replay.h
+++ b/include/system/replay.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "qapi/qapi-types-run-state.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-types-ui.h"
 #include "block/aio.h"
+#include "audio/audio.h"
 
 /* replay clock kinds */
 enum ReplayClockKind {
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ void replay_net_packet_event(ReplayNetState *rns, unsigned flags,
 /*! Saves/restores number of played samples of audio out operation. */
 void replay_audio_out(size_t *played);
 /*! Saves/restores recorded samples of audio in operation. */
-void replay_audio_in(size_t *recorded, void *samples, size_t *wpos, size_t size);
+void replay_audio_in(size_t *recorded, st_sample *samples, size_t *wpos, size_t size);
 
 /* VM state operations */
 
diff --git a/audio/mixeng.c b/audio/mixeng.c
index be38617e9b..af9ec3d4d2 100644
--- a/audio/mixeng.c
+++ b/audio/mixeng.c
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ f_sample *mixeng_clip_float[2][2] = {
     }
 };
 
-void audio_sample_to_uint64(const void *samples, int pos,
+void audio_sample_to_uint64(const st_sample *sample, int pos,
                             uint64_t *left, uint64_t *right)
 {
 #ifdef FLOAT_MIXENG
@@ -412,14 +412,13 @@ void audio_sample_to_uint64(const void *samples, int pos,
         "Coreaudio and floating point samples are not supported by replay yet");
     abort();
 #else
-    const struct st_sample *sample = samples;
     sample += pos;
     *left = sample->l;
     *right = sample->r;
 #endif
 }
 
-void audio_sample_from_uint64(void *samples, int pos,
+void audio_sample_from_uint64(st_sample *sample, int pos,
                             uint64_t left, uint64_t right)
 {
 #ifdef FLOAT_MIXENG
@@ -427,7 +426,6 @@ void audio_sample_from_uint64(void *samples, int pos,
         "Coreaudio and floating point samples are not supported by replay yet");
     abort();
 #else
-    struct st_sample *sample = samples;
     sample += pos;
     sample->l = left;
     sample->r = right;
diff --git a/replay/replay-audio.c b/replay/replay-audio.c
index ed2ba2164b..3413801062 100644
--- a/replay/replay-audio.c
+++ b/replay/replay-audio.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void replay_audio_out(size_t *played)
     }
 }
 
-void replay_audio_in(size_t *recorded, void *samples, size_t *wpos, size_t size)
+void replay_audio_in(size_t *recorded, st_sample *samples, size_t *wpos, size_t size)
 {
     int pos;
     uint64_t left, right;
diff --git a/replay/stubs-system.c b/replay/stubs-system.c
index 8f2b2d326e..7f85764936 100644
--- a/replay/stubs-system.c
+++ b/replay/stubs-system.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ void replay_input_sync_event(void)
 void replay_add_blocker(const char *feature)
 {
 }
-void replay_audio_in(size_t *recorded, void *samples, size_t *wpos, size_t size)
+void replay_audio_in(size_t *recorded, st_sample *samples, size_t *wpos, size_t size)
 {
 }
 void replay_audio_out(size_t *played)
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 24/35] audio/replay: fix type punning

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.h           | 6 ++++--
>   audio/mixeng.h          | 1 -
>   include/system/replay.h | 3 ++-
>   audio/mixeng.c          | 6 ++----
>   replay/replay-audio.c   | 2 +-
>   replay/stubs-system.c   | 2 +-
>   6 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 25/35] audio: move internal APIs to audio_int.h

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Fix some check-patch issues while at it.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 audio/audio.h          | 21 ---------------------
 audio/audio_int.h      | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c |  2 +-
 audio/wavcapture.c     |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index 61ff900b7e..c0cad7d976 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -38,15 +38,6 @@ typedef struct audsettings {
     int endianness;
 } audsettings;
 
-audsettings audiodev_to_audsettings(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo);
-int audioformat_bytes_per_sample(AudioFormat fmt);
-int audio_buffer_frames(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo,
-                        audsettings *as, int def_usecs);
-int audio_buffer_samples(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo,
-                         audsettings *as, int def_usecs);
-int audio_buffer_bytes(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo,
-                       audsettings *as, int def_usecs);
-
 typedef enum {
     AUD_CNOTIFY_ENABLE,
     AUD_CNOTIFY_DISABLE
@@ -88,9 +79,6 @@ typedef struct QEMUAudioTimeStamp {
     uint64_t old_ts;
 } QEMUAudioTimeStamp;
 
-void AUD_vlog (const char *cap, const char *fmt, va_list ap) G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 0);
-void AUD_log (const char *cap, const char *fmt, ...) G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3);
-
 bool AUD_register_card (const char *name, QEMUSoundCard *card, Error **errp);
 void AUD_remove_card (QEMUSoundCard *card);
 CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
@@ -160,15 +148,6 @@ int  AUD_is_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw);
 void     AUD_init_time_stamp_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts);
 uint64_t AUD_get_elapsed_usec_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts);
 
-static inline void *advance (void *p, int incr)
-{
-    uint8_t *d = p;
-    return (d + incr);
-}
-
-int wav_start_capture(AudioState *state, CaptureState *s, const char *path,
-                      int freq, int bits, int nchannels);
-
 void audio_cleanup(void);
 
 typedef struct st_sample st_sample;
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index 4a4d69f2bf..d1badbf235 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -29,12 +29,19 @@
 #define FLOAT_MIXENG
 /* #define RECIPROCAL */
 #endif
+#include "audio.h"
 #include "mixeng.h"
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_GIO
 #include <gio/gio.h>
 #endif
 
+void G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 0)
+AUD_vlog(const char *cap, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+
+void G_GNUC_PRINTF(2, 3)
+AUD_log(const char *cap, const char *fmt, ...);
+
 struct audio_pcm_ops;
 
 struct audio_callback {
@@ -187,6 +194,23 @@ struct audio_pcm_ops {
     void   (*volume_in)(HWVoiceIn *hw, Volume *vol);
 };
 
+audsettings audiodev_to_audsettings(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo);
+int audioformat_bytes_per_sample(AudioFormat fmt);
+int audio_buffer_frames(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo,
+                        audsettings *as, int def_usecs);
+int audio_buffer_samples(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo,
+                         audsettings *as, int def_usecs);
+int audio_buffer_bytes(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo,
+                       audsettings *as, int def_usecs);
+
+static inline void *advance(void *p, size_t incr)
+{
+    return (uint8_t *)p + incr;
+}
+
+int wav_start_capture(AudioState *state, CaptureState *s, const char *path,
+                      int freq, int bits, int nchannels);
+
 void audio_generic_run_buffer_in(HWVoiceIn *hw);
 void *audio_generic_get_buffer_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, size_t *size);
 void audio_generic_put_buffer_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, void *buf, size_t size);
diff --git a/audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c b/audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c
index 8774c09f18..819f8fa9d8 100644
--- a/audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c
+++ b/audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "audio_int.h"
 #include "monitor/hmp.h"
 #include "monitor/monitor.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
diff --git a/audio/wavcapture.c b/audio/wavcapture.c
index b990844d48..0fbc695d23 100644
--- a/audio/wavcapture.c
+++ b/audio/wavcapture.c
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/qemu-print.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "audio_int.h"
 
 typedef struct {
     FILE *f;
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 26/35] audio: rename AudioState -> AudioBackend

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Naming is hard. But in general in QEMU, a host "backend" is the term
used to fullfill the request made by the device or frontend.

AudioBackend will become an abstract base class in a follow-up series.

Currently the frontend is QEMUSoundCard, we are going to drop that next.

Note that "audiodev" is the corresponding QAPI type name (or configuration).

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.h                    | 16 +++---
 audio/audio_int.h                | 20 +++----
 audio/audio_template.h           | 20 +++----
 ui/vnc.h                         |  2 +-
 audio/alsaaudio.c                |  2 +-
 audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c           |  2 +-
 audio/audio.c                    | 90 ++++++++++++++++----------------
 audio/dbusaudio.c                |  8 +--
 audio/ossaudio.c                 |  4 +-
 audio/wavcapture.c               |  2 +-
 hw/audio/pcspk.c                 |  2 +-
 hw/core/machine.c                |  2 +-
 hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c |  6 +--
 ui/dbus.c                        |  8 +--
 ui/vnc.c                         | 10 ++--
 15 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index c0cad7d976..1d56f111ea 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -64,14 +64,14 @@ typedef struct SWVoiceOut SWVoiceOut;
 typedef struct CaptureVoiceOut CaptureVoiceOut;
 typedef struct SWVoiceIn SWVoiceIn;
 
-struct AudioStateClass {
+struct AudioBackendClass {
     ObjectClass parent_class;
 };
 
-typedef struct AudioState AudioState;
+typedef struct AudioBackend AudioBackend;
 typedef struct QEMUSoundCard {
     char *name;
-    AudioState *state;
+    AudioBackend *be;
     QLIST_ENTRY (QEMUSoundCard) entries;
 } QEMUSoundCard;
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ typedef struct QEMUAudioTimeStamp {
 bool AUD_register_card (const char *name, QEMUSoundCard *card, Error **errp);
 void AUD_remove_card (QEMUSoundCard *card);
 CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
-    AudioState *s,
+    AudioBackend *s,
     struct audsettings *as,
     struct audio_capture_ops *ops,
     void *opaque
@@ -164,14 +164,14 @@ void audio_create_default_audiodevs(void);
 void audio_init_audiodevs(void);
 void audio_help(void);
 
-AudioState *audio_state_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp);
-AudioState *audio_get_default_audio_state(Error **errp);
+AudioBackend *audio_be_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp);
+AudioBackend *audio_get_default_audio_be(Error **errp);
 const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card);
 
 #define DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(_s, _f)         \
     DEFINE_PROP_AUDIODEV("audiodev", _s, _f)
 
-#define TYPE_AUDIO_STATE "audio-state"
-OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(AudioState, AudioStateClass, AUDIO_STATE)
+#define TYPE_AUDIO_BACKEND "audio-backend"
+OBJECT_DECLARE_TYPE(AudioBackend, AudioBackendClass, AUDIO_BACKEND)
 
 #endif /* QEMU_AUDIO_H */
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index d1badbf235..338af38fd1 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ struct audio_pcm_info {
     int swap_endianness;
 };
 
-typedef struct AudioState AudioState;
+typedef struct AudioBackend AudioBackend;
 typedef struct SWVoiceCap SWVoiceCap;
 
 typedef struct STSampleBuffer {
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ typedef struct STSampleBuffer {
 } STSampleBuffer;
 
 typedef struct HWVoiceOut {
-    AudioState *s;
+    AudioBackend *s;
     int enabled;
     int poll_mode;
     int pending_disable;
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ typedef struct HWVoiceOut {
 } HWVoiceOut;
 
 typedef struct HWVoiceIn {
-    AudioState *s;
+    AudioBackend *s;
     int enabled;
     int poll_mode;
     struct audio_pcm_info info;
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ typedef struct HWVoiceIn {
 
 struct SWVoiceOut {
     QEMUSoundCard *card;
-    AudioState *s;
+    AudioBackend *s;
     struct audio_pcm_info info;
     t_sample *conv;
     STSampleBuffer resample_buf;
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ struct SWVoiceOut {
 
 struct SWVoiceIn {
     QEMUSoundCard *card;
-    AudioState *s;
+    AudioBackend *s;
     int active;
     struct audio_pcm_info info;
     void *rate;
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ struct audio_driver {
     void *(*init) (Audiodev *, Error **);
     void (*fini) (void *);
 #ifdef CONFIG_GIO
-    void (*set_dbus_server) (AudioState *s, GDBusObjectManagerServer *manager, bool p2p);
+    void (*set_dbus_server)(AudioBackend *s, GDBusObjectManagerServer *manager, bool p2p);
 #endif
     struct audio_pcm_ops *pcm_ops;
     int max_voices_out;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ static inline void *advance(void *p, size_t incr)
     return (uint8_t *)p + incr;
 }
 
-int wav_start_capture(AudioState *state, CaptureState *s, const char *path,
+int wav_start_capture(AudioBackend *state, CaptureState *s, const char *path,
                       int freq, int bits, int nchannels);
 
 void audio_generic_run_buffer_in(HWVoiceIn *hw);
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ struct SWVoiceCap {
     QLIST_ENTRY (SWVoiceCap) entries;
 };
 
-typedef struct AudioState {
+typedef struct AudioBackend {
     Object parent;
 
     struct audio_driver *drv;
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ typedef struct AudioState {
     bool timer_running;
     uint64_t timer_last;
     VMChangeStateEntry *vmse;
-} AudioState;
+} AudioBackend;
 
 extern const struct mixeng_volume nominal_volume;
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ void audio_pcm_info_clear_buf (struct audio_pcm_info *info, void *buf, int len);
 
 int audio_bug (const char *funcname, int cond);
 
-void audio_run(AudioState *s, const char *msg);
+void audio_run(AudioBackend *s, const char *msg);
 
 const char *audio_application_name(void);
 
diff --git a/audio/audio_template.h b/audio/audio_template.h
index c29d79c443..b3c10a0709 100644
--- a/audio/audio_template.h
+++ b/audio/audio_template.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 #define HWBUF hw->conv_buf
 #endif
 
-static void glue(audio_init_nb_voices_, TYPE)(AudioState *s,
+static void glue(audio_init_nb_voices_, TYPE)(AudioBackend *s,
                                               struct audio_driver *drv, int min_voices)
 {
     int max_voices = glue (drv->max_voices_, TYPE);
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_del_sw_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
 static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_gc_, TYPE) (HW **hwp)
 {
     HW *hw = *hwp;
-    AudioState *s = hw->s;
+    AudioBackend *s = hw->s;
 
     if (!hw->sw_head.lh_first) {
 #ifdef DAC
@@ -236,12 +236,12 @@ static void glue (audio_pcm_hw_gc_, TYPE) (HW **hwp)
     }
 }
 
-static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE)(AudioState *s, HW *hw)
+static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE)(AudioBackend *s, HW *hw)
 {
     return hw ? hw->entries.le_next : glue (s->hw_head_, TYPE).lh_first;
 }
 
-static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_any_enabled_, TYPE)(AudioState *s, HW *hw)
+static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_any_enabled_, TYPE)(AudioBackend *s, HW *hw)
 {
     while ((hw = glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE)(s, hw))) {
         if (hw->enabled) {
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_any_enabled_, TYPE)(AudioState *s, HW *hw)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_specific_, TYPE)(AudioState *s, HW *hw,
+static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_specific_, TYPE)(AudioBackend *s, HW *hw,
                                                    struct audsettings *as)
 {
     while ((hw = glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_any_, TYPE)(s, hw))) {
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_find_specific_, TYPE)(AudioState *s, HW *hw,
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE)(AudioState *s,
+static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_add_new_, TYPE)(AudioBackend *s,
                                              struct audsettings *as)
 {
     HW *hw;
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *glue(audio_get_pdo_, TYPE)(Audiodev *dev)
     abort();
 }
 
-static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_add_, TYPE)(AudioState *s, struct audsettings *as)
+static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_add_, TYPE)(AudioBackend *s, struct audsettings *as)
 {
     HW *hw;
     AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo = glue(audio_get_pdo_, TYPE)(s->dev);
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ static HW *glue(audio_pcm_hw_add_, TYPE)(AudioState *s, struct audsettings *as)
 }
 
 static SW *glue(audio_pcm_create_voice_pair_, TYPE)(
-    AudioState *s,
+    AudioBackend *s,
     const char *sw_name,
     struct audsettings *as
     )
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
     struct audsettings *as
     )
 {
-    AudioState *s;
+    AudioBackend *s;
     AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo;
 
     if (audio_bug(__func__, !card || !name || !callback_fn || !as)) {
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    s = card->state;
+    s = card->be;
     pdo = glue(audio_get_pdo_, TYPE)(s->dev);
 
     ldebug ("open %s, freq %d, nchannels %d, fmt %d\n",
diff --git a/ui/vnc.h b/ui/vnc.h
index f2dab2f4d9..e2137c5ed1 100644
--- a/ui/vnc.h
+++ b/ui/vnc.h
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ struct VncDisplay
     VncDisplaySASL sasl;
 #endif
 
-    AudioState *audio_state;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
 
     VMChangeStateEntry *vmstate_handler_entry;
 };
diff --git a/audio/alsaaudio.c b/audio/alsaaudio.c
index 9b6c01c0ef..797cb478e6 100644
--- a/audio/alsaaudio.c
+++ b/audio/alsaaudio.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ struct pollhlp {
     struct pollfd *pfds;
     int count;
     int mask;
-    AudioState *s;
+    AudioBackend *s;
 };
 
 typedef struct ALSAVoiceOut {
diff --git a/audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c b/audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c
index 819f8fa9d8..1e56af21ab 100644
--- a/audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c
+++ b/audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ void hmp_wavcapture(Monitor *mon, const QDict *qdict)
     const char *audiodev = qdict_get_str(qdict, "audiodev");
     CaptureState *s;
     Error *local_err = NULL;
-    AudioState *as = audio_state_by_name(audiodev, &local_err);
+    AudioBackend *as = audio_be_by_name(audiodev, &local_err);
 
     if (!as) {
         error_report_err(local_err);
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 8723f4e66e..8044d55c5c 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ static audio_driver *audio_driver_lookup(const char *name)
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static AudioState *default_audio_state;
+static AudioBackend *default_audio_be;
 
 const struct mixeng_volume nominal_volume = {
     .mute = 0,
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ void audio_pcm_info_clear_buf (struct audio_pcm_info *info, void *buf, int len)
 /*
  * Capture
  */
-static CaptureVoiceOut *audio_pcm_capture_find_specific(AudioState *s,
+static CaptureVoiceOut *audio_pcm_capture_find_specific(AudioBackend *s,
                                                         struct audsettings *as)
 {
     CaptureVoiceOut *cap;
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ static void audio_detach_capture (HWVoiceOut *hw)
 
 static int audio_attach_capture (HWVoiceOut *hw)
 {
-    AudioState *s = hw->s;
+    AudioBackend *s = hw->s;
     CaptureVoiceOut *cap;
 
     audio_detach_capture (hw);
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ static void audio_pcm_print_info (const char *cap, struct audio_pcm_info *info)
 /*
  * Timer
  */
-static int audio_is_timer_needed(AudioState *s)
+static int audio_is_timer_needed(AudioBackend *s)
 {
     HWVoiceIn *hwi = NULL;
     HWVoiceOut *hwo = NULL;
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@ static int audio_is_timer_needed(AudioState *s)
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void audio_reset_timer (AudioState *s)
+static void audio_reset_timer(AudioBackend *s)
 {
     if (audio_is_timer_needed(s)) {
         timer_mod_anticipate_ns(s->ts,
@@ -838,7 +838,7 @@ static void audio_reset_timer (AudioState *s)
 static void audio_timer (void *opaque)
 {
     int64_t now, diff;
-    AudioState *s = opaque;
+    AudioBackend *s = opaque;
 
     now = qemu_clock_get_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL);
     diff = now - s->timer_last;
@@ -921,7 +921,7 @@ void AUD_set_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int on)
 
     hw = sw->hw;
     if (sw->active != on) {
-        AudioState *s = sw->s;
+        AudioBackend *s = sw->s;
         SWVoiceOut *temp_sw;
         SWVoiceCap *sc;
 
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@ void AUD_set_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int on)
 
     hw = sw->hw;
     if (sw->active != on) {
-        AudioState *s = sw->s;
+        AudioBackend *s = sw->s;
         SWVoiceIn *temp_sw;
 
         if (on) {
@@ -1137,7 +1137,7 @@ static size_t audio_pcm_hw_run_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, size_t live)
     return clipped;
 }
 
-static void audio_run_out (AudioState *s)
+static void audio_run_out(AudioBackend *s)
 {
     HWVoiceOut *hw = NULL;
     SWVoiceOut *sw;
@@ -1291,7 +1291,7 @@ static size_t audio_pcm_hw_run_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, size_t samples)
     return conv;
 }
 
-static void audio_run_in (AudioState *s)
+static void audio_run_in(AudioBackend *s)
 {
     HWVoiceIn *hw = NULL;
 
@@ -1339,7 +1339,7 @@ static void audio_run_in (AudioState *s)
     }
 }
 
-static void audio_run_capture (AudioState *s)
+static void audio_run_capture(AudioBackend *s)
 {
     CaptureVoiceOut *cap;
 
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ static void audio_run_capture (AudioState *s)
     }
 }
 
-void audio_run(AudioState *s, const char *msg)
+void audio_run(AudioBackend *s, const char *msg)
 {
     audio_run_out(s);
     audio_run_in(s);
@@ -1559,7 +1559,7 @@ size_t audio_generic_read(HWVoiceIn *hw, void *buf, size_t size)
     return total;
 }
 
-static bool audio_driver_init(AudioState *s, struct audio_driver *drv,
+static bool audio_driver_init(AudioBackend *s, struct audio_driver *drv,
                               Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     s->drv_opaque = drv->init(dev, errp);
@@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ static bool audio_driver_init(AudioState *s, struct audio_driver *drv,
 static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
                                            RunState state)
 {
-    AudioState *s = opaque;
+    AudioBackend *s = opaque;
     HWVoiceOut *hwo = NULL;
     HWVoiceIn *hwi = NULL;
 
@@ -1613,9 +1613,9 @@ static void audio_vm_change_state_handler (void *opaque, bool running,
 
 static const VMStateDescription vmstate_audio;
 
-static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
+static void audio_be_init(Object *obj)
 {
-    AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
+    AudioBackend *s = AUDIO_BACKEND(obj);
 
     QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_out);
     QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_in);
@@ -1629,9 +1629,9 @@ static void audio_state_init(Object *obj)
     vmstate_register_any(NULL, &vmstate_audio, s);
 }
 
-static void audio_state_finalize(Object *obj)
+static void audio_be_finalize(Object *obj)
 {
-    AudioState *s = AUDIO_STATE(obj);
+    AudioBackend *s = AUDIO_BACKEND(obj);
     HWVoiceOut *hwo, *hwon;
     HWVoiceIn *hwi, *hwin;
 
@@ -1692,7 +1692,7 @@ static Object *get_audiodevs_root(void)
 
 void audio_cleanup(void)
 {
-    default_audio_state = NULL;
+    default_audio_be = NULL;
 
     object_unparent(get_audiodevs_root());
 }
@@ -1743,14 +1743,14 @@ void audio_create_default_audiodevs(void)
  * if dev == NULL => legacy implicit initialization, return the already created
  *   state or create a new one
  */
-static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
+static AudioBackend *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     int done = 0;
     const char *drvname;
-    AudioState *s;
+    AudioBackend *s;
     struct audio_driver *driver;
 
-    s = AUDIO_STATE(object_new(TYPE_AUDIO_STATE));
+    s = AUDIO_BACKEND(object_new(TYPE_AUDIO_BACKEND));
 
     if (dev) {
         /* -audiodev option */
@@ -1766,7 +1766,7 @@ static AudioState *audio_init(Audiodev *dev, Error **errp)
             goto out;
         }
     } else {
-        assert(!default_audio_state);
+        assert(!default_audio_be);
         for (;;) {
             AudiodevListEntry *e = QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&default_audiodevs);
             if (!e) {
@@ -1797,11 +1797,11 @@ out:
     return NULL;
 }
 
-AudioState *audio_get_default_audio_state(Error **errp)
+AudioBackend *audio_get_default_audio_be(Error **errp)
 {
-    if (!default_audio_state) {
-        default_audio_state = audio_init(NULL, errp);
-        if (!default_audio_state) {
+    if (!default_audio_be) {
+        default_audio_be = audio_init(NULL, errp);
+        if (!default_audio_be) {
             if (!QSIMPLEQ_EMPTY(&audiodevs)) {
                 error_append_hint(errp, "Perhaps you wanted to use -audio or set audiodev=%s?\n",
                                   QSIMPLEQ_FIRST(&audiodevs)->dev->id);
@@ -1809,21 +1809,21 @@ AudioState *audio_get_default_audio_state(Error **errp)
         }
     }
 
-    return default_audio_state;
+    return default_audio_be;
 }
 
 bool AUD_register_card (const char *name, QEMUSoundCard *card, Error **errp)
 {
-    if (!card->state) {
-        card->state = audio_get_default_audio_state(errp);
-        if (!card->state) {
+    if (!card->be) {
+        card->be = audio_get_default_audio_be(errp);
+        if (!card->be) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     card->name = g_strdup (name);
     memset (&card->entries, 0, sizeof (card->entries));
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&card->state->card_head, card, entries);
+    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&card->be->card_head, card, entries);
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -1837,7 +1837,7 @@ void AUD_remove_card (QEMUSoundCard *card)
 static struct audio_pcm_ops capture_pcm_ops;
 
 CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
-    AudioState *s,
+    AudioBackend *s,
     struct audsettings *as,
     struct audio_capture_ops *ops,
     void *cb_opaque
@@ -2220,7 +2220,7 @@ int audio_buffer_bytes(AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo,
         audioformat_bytes_per_sample(as->fmt);
 }
 
-AudioState *audio_state_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp)
+AudioBackend *audio_be_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp)
 {
     Object *obj = object_resolve_path_component(get_audiodevs_root(), name);
 
@@ -2228,15 +2228,15 @@ AudioState *audio_state_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp)
         error_setg(errp, "audiodev '%s' not found", name);
         return NULL;
     } else {
-        return AUDIO_STATE(obj);
+        return AUDIO_BACKEND(obj);
     }
 }
 
 const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card)
 {
-    if (card->state) {
-        assert(card->state->dev);
-        return card->state->dev->id;
+    if (card->be) {
+        assert(card->be->dev);
+        return card->be->dev->id;
     } else {
         return "";
     }
@@ -2305,19 +2305,19 @@ AudiodevList *qmp_query_audiodevs(Error **errp)
     return ret;
 }
 
-static const TypeInfo audio_state_info = {
-    .name = TYPE_AUDIO_STATE,
+static const TypeInfo audio_be_info = {
+    .name = TYPE_AUDIO_BACKEND,
     .parent = TYPE_OBJECT,
-    .instance_size = sizeof(AudioState),
-    .instance_init = audio_state_init,
-    .instance_finalize = audio_state_finalize,
+    .instance_size = sizeof(AudioBackend),
+    .instance_init = audio_be_init,
+    .instance_finalize = audio_be_finalize,
     .abstract = false, /* TODO: subclass drivers and make it abstract */
-    .class_size = sizeof(AudioStateClass),
+    .class_size = sizeof(AudioBackendClass),
 };
 
 static void register_types(void)
 {
-    type_register_static(&audio_state_info);
+    type_register_static(&audio_be_info);
 }
 
 type_init(register_types);
diff --git a/audio/dbusaudio.c b/audio/dbusaudio.c
index 908214a170..49cef38e3e 100644
--- a/audio/dbusaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dbusaudio.c
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ listener_in_vanished_cb(GDBusConnection *connection,
 }
 
 static gboolean
-dbus_audio_register_listener(AudioState *s,
+dbus_audio_register_listener(AudioBackend *s,
                              GDBusMethodInvocation *invocation,
 #ifdef G_OS_UNIX
                              GUnixFDList *fd_list,
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ dbus_audio_register_listener(AudioState *s,
 }
 
 static gboolean
-dbus_audio_register_out_listener(AudioState *s,
+dbus_audio_register_out_listener(AudioBackend *s,
                                  GDBusMethodInvocation *invocation,
 #ifdef G_OS_UNIX
                                  GUnixFDList *fd_list,
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@ dbus_audio_register_out_listener(AudioState *s,
 }
 
 static gboolean
-dbus_audio_register_in_listener(AudioState *s,
+dbus_audio_register_in_listener(AudioBackend *s,
                                 GDBusMethodInvocation *invocation,
 #ifdef G_OS_UNIX
                                 GUnixFDList *fd_list,
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ dbus_audio_register_in_listener(AudioState *s,
 }
 
 static void
-dbus_audio_set_server(AudioState *s, GDBusObjectManagerServer *server, bool p2p)
+dbus_audio_set_server(AudioBackend *s, GDBusObjectManagerServer *server, bool p2p)
 {
     DBusAudio *da = s->drv_opaque;
 
diff --git a/audio/ossaudio.c b/audio/ossaudio.c
index c5858284a1..4a549b26a2 100644
--- a/audio/ossaudio.c
+++ b/audio/ossaudio.c
@@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ static void oss_anal_close (int *fdp)
 
 static void oss_helper_poll_out (void *opaque)
 {
-    AudioState *s = opaque;
+    AudioBackend *s = opaque;
     audio_run(s, "oss_poll_out");
 }
 
 static void oss_helper_poll_in (void *opaque)
 {
-    AudioState *s = opaque;
+    AudioBackend *s = opaque;
     audio_run(s, "oss_poll_in");
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/wavcapture.c b/audio/wavcapture.c
index 0fbc695d23..b33a38ff45 100644
--- a/audio/wavcapture.c
+++ b/audio/wavcapture.c
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ static struct capture_ops wav_capture_ops = {
     .info = wav_capture_info
 };
 
-int wav_start_capture(AudioState *state, CaptureState *s, const char *path,
+int wav_start_capture(AudioBackend *state, CaptureState *s, const char *path,
                       int freq, int bits, int nchannels)
 {
     WAVState *wav;
diff --git a/hw/audio/pcspk.c b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
index 48ef830292..e0b0949918 100644
--- a/hw/audio/pcspk.c
+++ b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ static void pcspk_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     isa_register_ioport(isadev, &s->ioport, s->iobase);
 
-    if (s->card.state && AUD_register_card(s_spk, &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (s->card.be && AUD_register_card(s_spk, &s->card, errp)) {
         pcspk_audio_init(s);
     }
 }
diff --git a/hw/core/machine.c b/hw/core/machine.c
index cd63803000..28d2833c5d 100644
--- a/hw/core/machine.c
+++ b/hw/core/machine.c
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ static void machine_set_audiodev(Object *obj, const char *value,
 {
     MachineState *ms = MACHINE(obj);
 
-    if (!audio_state_by_name(value, errp)) {
+    if (!audio_be_by_name(value, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
diff --git a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
index 1f810b7ddf..c83a52fc62 100644
--- a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
+++ b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
@@ -499,16 +499,16 @@ static void set_audiodev(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char* name,
 {
     const Property *prop = opaque;
     QEMUSoundCard *card = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
-    AudioState *state;
+    AudioBackend *state;
     g_autofree char *str = NULL;
 
     if (!visit_type_str(v, name, &str, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
-    state = audio_state_by_name(str, errp);
+    state = audio_be_by_name(str, errp);
     if (state) {
-        card->state = state;
+        card->be = state;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/ui/dbus.c b/ui/dbus.c
index dd0336702d..84cff47ec7 100644
--- a/ui/dbus.c
+++ b/ui/dbus.c
@@ -220,16 +220,16 @@ dbus_display_complete(UserCreatable *uc, Error **errp)
     }
 
     if (dd->audiodev && *dd->audiodev) {
-        AudioState *audio_state = audio_state_by_name(dd->audiodev, errp);
-        if (!audio_state) {
+        AudioBackend *audio_be = audio_be_by_name(dd->audiodev, errp);
+        if (!audio_be) {
             return;
         }
-        if (!g_str_equal(audio_state->drv->name, "dbus")) {
+        if (!g_str_equal(audio_be->drv->name, "dbus")) {
             error_setg(errp, "Audiodev '%s' is not compatible with DBus",
                        dd->audiodev);
             return;
         }
-        audio_state->drv->set_dbus_server(audio_state, dd->server, dd->p2p);
+        audio_be->drv->set_dbus_server(audio_be, dd->server, dd->p2p);
     }
 
     consoles = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(guint32));
diff --git a/ui/vnc.c b/ui/vnc.c
index 77c823bf2e..0094ec680c 100644
--- a/ui/vnc.c
+++ b/ui/vnc.c
@@ -1276,7 +1276,7 @@ static void audio_add(VncState *vs)
     ops.destroy = audio_capture_destroy;
     ops.capture = audio_capture;
 
-    vs->audio_cap = AUD_add_capture(vs->vd->audio_state, &vs->as, &ops, vs);
+    vs->audio_cap = AUD_add_capture(vs->vd->audio_be, &vs->as, &ops, vs);
     if (!vs->audio_cap) {
         error_report("Failed to add audio capture");
     }
@@ -2193,7 +2193,7 @@ static void set_encodings(VncState *vs, int32_t *encodings, size_t n_encodings)
             send_ext_key_event_ack(vs);
             break;
         case VNC_ENCODING_AUDIO:
-            if (vs->vd->audio_state) {
+            if (vs->vd->audio_be) {
                 vnc_set_feature(vs, VNC_FEATURE_AUDIO);
                 send_ext_audio_ack(vs);
             }
@@ -4236,12 +4236,12 @@ void vnc_display_open(const char *id, Error **errp)
 
     audiodev = qemu_opt_get(opts, "audiodev");
     if (audiodev) {
-        vd->audio_state = audio_state_by_name(audiodev, errp);
-        if (!vd->audio_state) {
+        vd->audio_be = audio_be_by_name(audiodev, errp);
+        if (!vd->audio_be) {
             goto fail;
         }
     } else {
-        vd->audio_state = audio_get_default_audio_state(NULL);
+        vd->audio_be = audio_get_default_audio_be(NULL);
     }
 
     device_id = qemu_opt_get(opts, "display");
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 26/35] audio: rename AudioState -> AudioBackend

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Naming is hard. But in general in QEMU, a host "backend" is the term
> used to fullfill the request made by the device or frontend.
> 
> AudioBackend will become an abstract base class in a follow-up series.
> 
> Currently the frontend is QEMUSoundCard, we are going to drop that next.
> 
> Note that "audiodev" is the corresponding QAPI type name (or configuration).
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.h                    | 16 +++---
>   audio/audio_int.h                | 20 +++----
>   audio/audio_template.h           | 20 +++----
>   ui/vnc.h                         |  2 +-
>   audio/alsaaudio.c                |  2 +-
>   audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c           |  2 +-
>   audio/audio.c                    | 90 ++++++++++++++++----------------
>   audio/dbusaudio.c                |  8 +--
>   audio/ossaudio.c                 |  4 +-
>   audio/wavcapture.c               |  2 +-
>   hw/audio/pcspk.c                 |  2 +-
>   hw/core/machine.c                |  2 +-
>   hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c |  6 +--
>   ui/dbus.c                        |  8 +--
>   ui/vnc.c                         | 10 ++--
>   15 files changed, 97 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 27/35] audio: remove QEMUSoundCard

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

There is no clear need for this extra intermediary structure between
the audio backend and its user.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.h                       | 18 ++++++------------
 audio/audio_int.h                   |  3 ---
 audio/audio_template.h              | 22 ++++++++++------------
 hw/audio/lm4549.h                   |  2 +-
 include/hw/audio/asc.h              |  2 +-
 include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h       |  2 +-
 include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h        |  2 +-
 include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h           |  2 +-
 include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h |  2 +-
 audio/audio.c                       | 29 ++++++++++-------------------
 hw/audio/ac97.c                     | 25 ++++++++++++-------------
 hw/audio/adlib.c                    |  9 ++++-----
 hw/audio/asc.c                      |  9 +++------
 hw/audio/cs4231a.c                  |  8 ++++----
 hw/audio/es1370.c                   | 23 +++++++++++------------
 hw/audio/gus.c                      |  9 ++++-----
 hw/audio/hda-codec.c                | 15 +++++++--------
 hw/audio/lm4549.c                   |  8 ++++----
 hw/audio/pcspk.c                    |  9 +++++----
 hw/audio/pl041.c                    |  2 +-
 hw/audio/sb16.c                     | 16 ++++++++--------
 hw/audio/via-ac97.c                 |  9 ++++-----
 hw/audio/virtio-snd.c               | 13 ++++++-------
 hw/audio/wm8750.c                   | 23 +++++++++++------------
 hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c    | 11 +++++------
 hw/display/xlnx_dp.c                |  6 +++---
 hw/usb/dev-audio.c                  | 11 +++++------
 27 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 161 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index 1d56f111ea..fdbc33ae0c 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -69,18 +69,12 @@ struct AudioBackendClass {
 };
 
 typedef struct AudioBackend AudioBackend;
-typedef struct QEMUSoundCard {
-    char *name;
-    AudioBackend *be;
-    QLIST_ENTRY (QEMUSoundCard) entries;
-} QEMUSoundCard;
 
 typedef struct QEMUAudioTimeStamp {
     uint64_t old_ts;
 } QEMUAudioTimeStamp;
 
-bool AUD_register_card (const char *name, QEMUSoundCard *card, Error **errp);
-void AUD_remove_card (QEMUSoundCard *card);
+bool AUD_backend_check (AudioBackend **be, Error **errp);
 CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
     AudioBackend *s,
     struct audsettings *as,
@@ -90,7 +84,7 @@ CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
 void AUD_del_capture (CaptureVoiceOut *cap, void *cb_opaque);
 
 SWVoiceOut *AUD_open_out (
-    QEMUSoundCard *card,
+    AudioBackend *be,
     SWVoiceOut *sw,
     const char *name,
     void *callback_opaque,
@@ -98,7 +92,7 @@ SWVoiceOut *AUD_open_out (
     struct audsettings *settings
     );
 
-void AUD_close_out (QEMUSoundCard *card, SWVoiceOut *sw);
+void AUD_close_out (AudioBackend *be, SWVoiceOut *sw);
 size_t AUD_write (SWVoiceOut *sw, void *pcm_buf, size_t size);
 int  AUD_get_buffer_size_out (SWVoiceOut *sw);
 void AUD_set_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int on);
@@ -132,7 +126,7 @@ AUD_set_volume_in_lr(SWVoiceIn *sw, bool mut, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol) {
 }
 
 SWVoiceIn *AUD_open_in (
-    QEMUSoundCard *card,
+    AudioBackend *be,
     SWVoiceIn *sw,
     const char *name,
     void *callback_opaque,
@@ -140,7 +134,7 @@ SWVoiceIn *AUD_open_in (
     struct audsettings *settings
     );
 
-void AUD_close_in (QEMUSoundCard *card, SWVoiceIn *sw);
+void AUD_close_in (AudioBackend *be, SWVoiceIn *sw);
 size_t AUD_read (SWVoiceIn *sw, void *pcm_buf, size_t size);
 void AUD_set_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int on);
 int  AUD_is_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw);
@@ -166,7 +160,7 @@ void audio_help(void);
 
 AudioBackend *audio_be_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp);
 AudioBackend *audio_get_default_audio_be(Error **errp);
-const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card);
+const char *audio_be_get_id(AudioBackend *be);
 
 #define DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(_s, _f)         \
     DEFINE_PROP_AUDIODEV("audiodev", _s, _f)
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index 338af38fd1..c4453b3a29 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -111,7 +111,6 @@ typedef struct HWVoiceIn {
 } HWVoiceIn;
 
 struct SWVoiceOut {
-    QEMUSoundCard *card;
     AudioBackend *s;
     struct audio_pcm_info info;
     t_sample *conv;
@@ -128,7 +127,6 @@ struct SWVoiceOut {
 };
 
 struct SWVoiceIn {
-    QEMUSoundCard *card;
     AudioBackend *s;
     int active;
     struct audio_pcm_info info;
@@ -248,7 +246,6 @@ typedef struct AudioBackend {
     void *drv_opaque;
 
     QEMUTimer *ts;
-    QLIST_HEAD (card_listhead, QEMUSoundCard) card_head;
     QLIST_HEAD (hw_in_listhead, HWVoiceIn) hw_head_in;
     QLIST_HEAD (hw_out_listhead, HWVoiceOut) hw_head_out;
     QLIST_HEAD (cap_listhead, CaptureVoiceOut) cap_head;
diff --git a/audio/audio_template.h b/audio/audio_template.h
index b3c10a0709..d621008f38 100644
--- a/audio/audio_template.h
+++ b/audio/audio_template.h
@@ -473,11 +473,11 @@ static void glue (audio_close_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
     g_free (sw);
 }
 
-void glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (QEMUSoundCard *card, SW *sw)
+void glue(AUD_close_, TYPE)(AudioBackend *be, SW *sw)
 {
     if (sw) {
-        if (audio_bug(__func__, !card)) {
-            dolog ("card=%p\n", card);
+        if (audio_bug(__func__, !be)) {
+            dolog("backend=%p\n", be);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ void glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (QEMUSoundCard *card, SW *sw)
 }
 
 SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
-    QEMUSoundCard *card,
+    AudioBackend *be,
     SW *sw,
     const char *name,
     void *callback_opaque ,
@@ -494,16 +494,15 @@ SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
     struct audsettings *as
     )
 {
-    AudioBackend *s;
+    AudioBackend *s = be;
     AudiodevPerDirectionOptions *pdo;
 
-    if (audio_bug(__func__, !card || !name || !callback_fn || !as)) {
-        dolog ("card=%p name=%p callback_fn=%p as=%p\n",
-               card, name, callback_fn, as);
+    if (audio_bug(__func__, !be || !name || !callback_fn || !as)) {
+        dolog("backend=%p name=%p callback_fn=%p as=%p\n",
+              be, name, callback_fn, as);
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    s = card->be;
     pdo = glue(audio_get_pdo_, TYPE)(s->dev);
 
     ldebug ("open %s, freq %d, nchannels %d, fmt %d\n",
@@ -524,7 +523,7 @@ SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
     }
 
     if (!pdo->fixed_settings && sw) {
-        glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (card, sw);
+        glue(AUD_close_, TYPE)(be, sw);
         sw = NULL;
     }
 
@@ -548,7 +547,6 @@ SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
         }
     }
 
-    sw->card = card;
     sw->vol = nominal_volume;
     sw->callback.fn = callback_fn;
     sw->callback.opaque = callback_opaque;
@@ -562,7 +560,7 @@ SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
     return sw;
 
  fail:
-    glue (AUD_close_, TYPE) (card, sw);
+    glue(AUD_close_, TYPE)(be, sw);
     return NULL;
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/audio/lm4549.h b/hw/audio/lm4549.h
index 61c3ab12dd..1d858e2a04 100644
--- a/hw/audio/lm4549.h
+++ b/hw/audio/lm4549.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ typedef void (*lm4549_callback)(void *opaque);
 
 
 typedef struct {
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     SWVoiceOut *voice;
     uint32_t voice_is_active;
 
diff --git a/include/hw/audio/asc.h b/include/hw/audio/asc.h
index 04fac270b6..a60c2f597c 100644
--- a/include/hw/audio/asc.h
+++ b/include/hw/audio/asc.h
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ struct ASCState {
     MemoryRegion mem_regs;
     MemoryRegion mem_extregs;
 
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     SWVoiceOut *voice;
     uint8_t *mixbuf;
     int samples;
diff --git a/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h b/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h
index 8dafedb276..0ad80bc9be 100644
--- a/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h
+++ b/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ struct VirtIOSound {
     VirtQueue *queues[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX];
     uint64_t features;
     VirtIOSoundPCM *pcm;
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     VMChangeStateEntry *vmstate;
     virtio_snd_config snd_conf;
     QemuMutex cmdq_mutex;
diff --git a/include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h b/include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h
index e86a87f235..802a1427c9 100644
--- a/include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h
+++ b/include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ struct XlnxDPState {
     struct PixmanPlane v_plane;
     struct PixmanPlane bout_plane;
 
-    QEMUSoundCard aud_card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     SWVoiceOut *amixer_output_stream;
     int16_t audio_buffer_0[AUD_CHBUF_MAX_DEPTH];
     int16_t audio_buffer_1[AUD_CHBUF_MAX_DEPTH];
diff --git a/include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h b/include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h
index da1722daf2..48c412ce81 100644
--- a/include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h
+++ b/include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(ViaAC97State, VIA_AC97);
 
 struct ViaAC97State {
     PCIDevice dev;
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     MemoryRegion sgd;
     MemoryRegion fm;
     MemoryRegion midi;
diff --git a/include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h b/include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h
index 9601a11a09..1bd7a7634b 100644
--- a/include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h
+++ b/include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ extern const PropertyInfo qdev_prop_virtio_gpu_output_list;
                 .set_default = true)
 
 #define DEFINE_PROP_AUDIODEV(_n, _s, _f) \
-    DEFINE_PROP(_n, _s, _f, qdev_prop_audiodev, QEMUSoundCard)
+    DEFINE_PROP(_n, _s, _f, qdev_prop_audiodev, AudioBackend *)
 
 #define DEFINE_PROP_UUID_NODEFAULT(_name, _state, _field) \
     DEFINE_PROP(_name, _state, _field, qdev_prop_uuid, QemuUUID)
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 8044d55c5c..46282f86d6 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -1620,7 +1620,6 @@ static void audio_be_init(Object *obj)
     QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_out);
     QLIST_INIT(&s->hw_head_in);
     QLIST_INIT(&s->cap_head);
-    QLIST_INIT(&s->card_head);
     s->ts = timer_new_ns(QEMU_CLOCK_VIRTUAL, audio_timer, s);
 
     s->vmse = qemu_add_vm_change_state_handler(audio_vm_change_state_handler, s);
@@ -1812,28 +1811,20 @@ AudioBackend *audio_get_default_audio_be(Error **errp)
     return default_audio_be;
 }
 
-bool AUD_register_card (const char *name, QEMUSoundCard *card, Error **errp)
+bool AUD_backend_check (AudioBackend **be, Error **errp)
 {
-    if (!card->be) {
-        card->be = audio_get_default_audio_be(errp);
-        if (!card->be) {
+    assert(be != NULL);
+
+    if (!*be) {
+        *be = audio_get_default_audio_be(errp);
+        if (!*be) {
             return false;
         }
     }
 
-    card->name = g_strdup (name);
-    memset (&card->entries, 0, sizeof (card->entries));
-    QLIST_INSERT_HEAD(&card->be->card_head, card, entries);
-
     return true;
 }
 
-void AUD_remove_card (QEMUSoundCard *card)
-{
-    QLIST_REMOVE (card, entries);
-    g_free (card->name);
-}
-
 static struct audio_pcm_ops capture_pcm_ops;
 
 CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
@@ -2232,11 +2223,11 @@ AudioBackend *audio_be_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp)
     }
 }
 
-const char *audio_get_id(QEMUSoundCard *card)
+const char *audio_be_get_id(AudioBackend *be)
 {
-    if (card->be) {
-        assert(card->be->dev);
-        return card->be->dev->id;
+    if (be) {
+        assert(be->dev);
+        return be->dev->id;
     } else {
         return "";
     }
diff --git a/hw/audio/ac97.c b/hw/audio/ac97.c
index c3e5f9c8bb..a91bf52b95 100644
--- a/hw/audio/ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/ac97.c
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ typedef struct AC97BusMasterRegs {
 
 struct AC97LinkState {
     PCIDevice dev;
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     uint32_t glob_cnt;
     uint32_t glob_sta;
     uint32_t cas;
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ static void open_voice(AC97LinkState *s, int index, int freq)
         switch (index) {
         case PI_INDEX:
             s->voice_pi = AUD_open_in(
-                &s->card,
+                s->audio_be,
                 s->voice_pi,
                 "ac97.pi",
                 s,
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ static void open_voice(AC97LinkState *s, int index, int freq)
 
         case PO_INDEX:
             s->voice_po = AUD_open_out(
-                &s->card,
+                s->audio_be,
                 s->voice_po,
                 "ac97.po",
                 s,
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ static void open_voice(AC97LinkState *s, int index, int freq)
 
         case MC_INDEX:
             s->voice_mc = AUD_open_in(
-                &s->card,
+                s->audio_be,
                 s->voice_mc,
                 "ac97.mc",
                 s,
@@ -355,17 +355,17 @@ static void open_voice(AC97LinkState *s, int index, int freq)
         s->invalid_freq[index] = freq;
         switch (index) {
         case PI_INDEX:
-            AUD_close_in(&s->card, s->voice_pi);
+            AUD_close_in(s->audio_be, s->voice_pi);
             s->voice_pi = NULL;
             break;
 
         case PO_INDEX:
-            AUD_close_out(&s->card, s->voice_po);
+            AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->voice_po);
             s->voice_po = NULL;
             break;
 
         case MC_INDEX:
-            AUD_close_in(&s->card, s->voice_mc);
+            AUD_close_in(s->audio_be, s->voice_mc);
             s->voice_mc = NULL;
             break;
         }
@@ -1275,7 +1275,7 @@ static void ac97_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
     AC97LinkState *s = AC97(dev);
     uint8_t *c = s->dev.config;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card ("ac97", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check (&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1320,14 +1320,13 @@ static void ac97_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
 {
     AC97LinkState *s = AC97(dev);
 
-    AUD_close_in(&s->card, s->voice_pi);
-    AUD_close_out(&s->card, s->voice_po);
-    AUD_close_in(&s->card, s->voice_mc);
-    AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
+    AUD_close_in(s->audio_be, s->voice_pi);
+    AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->voice_po);
+    AUD_close_in(s->audio_be, s->voice_mc);
 }
 
 static const Property ac97_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(AC97LinkState, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(AC97LinkState, audio_be),
 };
 
 static void ac97_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data)
diff --git a/hw/audio/adlib.c b/hw/audio/adlib.c
index 45c0a458f2..4e6c80b8e0 100644
--- a/hw/audio/adlib.c
+++ b/hw/audio/adlib.c
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(AdlibState, ADLIB)
 struct AdlibState {
     ISADevice parent_obj;
 
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     uint32_t freq;
     uint32_t port;
     int ticking[2];
@@ -240,7 +240,6 @@ static void Adlib_fini (AdlibState *s)
 
     s->active = 0;
     s->enabled = 0;
-    AUD_remove_card (&s->card);
 }
 
 static MemoryRegionPortio adlib_portio_list[] = {
@@ -255,7 +254,7 @@ static void adlib_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     AdlibState *s = ADLIB(dev);
     struct audsettings as;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card ("adlib", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ static void adlib_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     as.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out (
-        &s->card,
+        s->audio_be,
         s->voice,
         "adlib",
         s,
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ static void adlib_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 }
 
 static const Property adlib_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(AdlibState, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(AdlibState, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("iobase",  AdlibState, port, 0x220),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("freq",    AdlibState, freq,  44100),
 };
diff --git a/hw/audio/asc.c b/hw/audio/asc.c
index 991316e984..5c3f6c8f86 100644
--- a/hw/audio/asc.c
+++ b/hw/audio/asc.c
@@ -634,8 +634,6 @@ static void asc_unrealize(DeviceState *dev)
 
     g_free(s->mixbuf);
     g_free(s->silentbuf);
-
-    AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
 }
 
 static void asc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
@@ -643,7 +641,7 @@ static void asc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     ASCState *s = ASC(dev);
     struct audsettings as;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card("Apple Sound Chip", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -652,10 +650,9 @@ static void asc_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     as.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_U8;
     as.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
 
-    s->voice = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->voice, "asc.out", s, asc_out_cb,
+    s->voice = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be, s->voice, "asc.out", s, asc_out_cb,
                             &as);
     if (!s->voice) {
-        AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
         error_setg(errp, "Initializing audio stream failed");
         return;
     }
@@ -702,7 +699,7 @@ static void asc_init(Object *obj)
 }
 
 static const Property asc_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(ASCState, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(ASCState, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT8("asctype", ASCState, type, ASC_TYPE_ASC),
 };
 
diff --git a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
index 0a5d614f8b..ec9643b817 100644
--- a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
+++ b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ DECLARE_INSTANCE_CHECKER(CSState, CS4231A,
 
 struct CSState {
     ISADevice dev;
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     MemoryRegion ioports;
     qemu_irq pic;
     uint32_t regs[CS_REGS];
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ static void cs_reset_voices (CSState *s, uint32_t val)
     }
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out (
-        &s->card,
+        s->audio_be,
         s->voice,
         "cs4231a",
         s,
@@ -678,7 +678,7 @@ static void cs4231a_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card ("cs4231a", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -694,7 +694,7 @@ static void cs4231a_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 }
 
 static const Property cs4231a_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(CSState, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(CSState, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("iobase",  CSState, port, 0x534),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("irq",     CSState, irq,  9),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("dma",     CSState, dma,  3),
diff --git a/hw/audio/es1370.c b/hw/audio/es1370.c
index 721c02be0a..0628f03310 100644
--- a/hw/audio/es1370.c
+++ b/hw/audio/es1370.c
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ struct chan {
 
 struct ES1370State {
     PCIDevice dev;
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     MemoryRegion io;
     struct chan chan[NB_CHANNELS];
     SWVoiceOut *dac_voice[2];
@@ -330,10 +330,10 @@ static void es1370_reset (ES1370State *s)
         d->scount = 0;
         d->leftover = 0;
         if (i == ADC_CHANNEL) {
-            AUD_close_in (&s->card, s->adc_voice);
+            AUD_close_in(s->audio_be, s->adc_voice);
             s->adc_voice = NULL;
         } else {
-            AUD_close_out (&s->card, s->dac_voice[i]);
+            AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->dac_voice[i]);
             s->dac_voice[i] = NULL;
         }
     }
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ static void es1370_update_voices (ES1370State *s, uint32_t ctl, uint32_t sctl)
                 if (i == ADC_CHANNEL) {
                     s->adc_voice =
                         AUD_open_in (
-                            &s->card,
+                            s->audio_be,
                             s->adc_voice,
                             "es1370.adc",
                             s,
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ static void es1370_update_voices (ES1370State *s, uint32_t ctl, uint32_t sctl)
                 } else {
                     s->dac_voice[i] =
                         AUD_open_out (
-                            &s->card,
+                            s->audio_be,
                             s->dac_voice[i],
                             i ? "es1370.dac2" : "es1370.dac1",
                             s,
@@ -784,12 +784,12 @@ static int es1370_post_load (void *opaque, int version_id)
     for (i = 0; i < NB_CHANNELS; ++i) {
         if (i == ADC_CHANNEL) {
             if (s->adc_voice) {
-                AUD_close_in (&s->card, s->adc_voice);
+                AUD_close_in(s->audio_be, s->adc_voice);
                 s->adc_voice = NULL;
             }
         } else {
             if (s->dac_voice[i]) {
-                AUD_close_out (&s->card, s->dac_voice[i]);
+                AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->dac_voice[i]);
                 s->dac_voice[i] = NULL;
             }
         }
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ static void es1370_realize(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp)
     ES1370State *s = ES1370(dev);
     uint8_t *c = s->dev.config;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card ("es1370", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -861,15 +861,14 @@ static void es1370_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
     int i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
-        AUD_close_out(&s->card, s->dac_voice[i]);
+        AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->dac_voice[i]);
     }
 
-    AUD_close_in(&s->card, s->adc_voice);
-    AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
+    AUD_close_in(s->audio_be, s->adc_voice);
 }
 
 static const Property es1370_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(ES1370State, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(ES1370State, audio_be),
 };
 
 static void es1370_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data)
diff --git a/hw/audio/gus.c b/hw/audio/gus.c
index d13a95eb5a..d253329021 100644
--- a/hw/audio/gus.c
+++ b/hw/audio/gus.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(GUSState, GUS)
 struct GUSState {
     ISADevice dev;
     GUSEmuState emu;
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     uint32_t freq;
     uint32_t port;
     int pos, left, shift, irqs;
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ static void gus_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     IsaDmaClass *k;
     struct audsettings as;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card ("gus", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ static void gus_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     as.endianness = HOST_BIG_ENDIAN;
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out (
-        &s->card,
+        s->audio_be,
         NULL,
         "gus",
         s,
@@ -267,7 +267,6 @@ static void gus_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         );
 
     if (!s->voice) {
-        AUD_remove_card (&s->card);
         error_setg(errp, "No voice");
         return;
     }
@@ -292,7 +291,7 @@ static void gus_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 }
 
 static const Property gus_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(GUSState, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(GUSState, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("freq",    GUSState, freq,        44100),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("iobase",  GUSState, port,        0x240),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("irq",     GUSState, emu.gusirq,  7),
diff --git a/hw/audio/hda-codec.c b/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
index cc87557954..f7ae2aa1fd 100644
--- a/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
+++ b/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ struct HDAAudioState {
     HDACodecDevice hda;
     const char *name;
 
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     const desc_codec *desc;
     HDAAudioStream st[4];
     bool running_compat[16];
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ static void hda_audio_setup(HDAAudioStream *st)
         } else {
             cb = hda_audio_compat_output_cb;
         }
-        st->voice.out = AUD_open_out(&st->state->card, st->voice.out,
+        st->voice.out = AUD_open_out(st->state->audio_be, st->voice.out,
                                      st->node->name, st, cb, &st->as);
     } else {
         if (use_timer) {
@@ -500,7 +500,7 @@ static void hda_audio_setup(HDAAudioStream *st)
         } else {
             cb = hda_audio_compat_input_cb;
         }
-        st->voice.in = AUD_open_in(&st->state->card, st->voice.in,
+        st->voice.in = AUD_open_in(st->state->audio_be, st->voice.in,
                                    st->node->name, st, cb, &st->as);
     }
 }
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ static void hda_audio_init(HDACodecDevice *hda,
     const desc_param *param;
     uint32_t i, type;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card("hda", &a->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&a->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -754,12 +754,11 @@ static void hda_audio_exit(HDACodecDevice *hda)
         }
         timer_free(st->buft);
         if (st->output) {
-            AUD_close_out(&a->card, st->voice.out);
+            AUD_close_out(a->audio_be, st->voice.out);
         } else {
-            AUD_close_in(&a->card, st->voice.in);
+            AUD_close_in(a->audio_be, st->voice.in);
         }
     }
-    AUD_remove_card(&a->card);
 }
 
 static int hda_audio_post_load(void *opaque, int version)
@@ -858,7 +857,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_hda_audio = {
 };
 
 static const Property hda_audio_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(HDAAudioState, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(HDAAudioState, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("debug", HDAAudioState, debug,   0),
     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("mixer", HDAAudioState, mixer,  true),
     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("use-timer", HDAAudioState, use_timer,  true),
diff --git a/hw/audio/lm4549.c b/hw/audio/lm4549.c
index dccbf56068..c51ec0e66f 100644
--- a/hw/audio/lm4549.c
+++ b/hw/audio/lm4549.c
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ void lm4549_write(lm4549_state *s,
         as.endianness = 0;
 
         s->voice = AUD_open_out(
-            &s->card,
+            s->audio_be,
             s->voice,
             "lm4549.out",
             s,
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ static int lm4549_post_load(void *opaque, int version_id)
     as.endianness = 0;
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out(
-        &s->card,
+        s->audio_be,
         s->voice,
         "lm4549.out",
         s,
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ void lm4549_init(lm4549_state *s, lm4549_callback data_req_cb, void* opaque,
     struct audsettings as;
 
     /* Register an audio card */
-    if (!AUD_register_card("lm4549", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ void lm4549_init(lm4549_state *s, lm4549_callback data_req_cb, void* opaque,
     as.endianness = 0;
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out(
-        &s->card,
+        s->audio_be,
         s->voice,
         "lm4549.out",
         s,
diff --git a/hw/audio/pcspk.c b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
index e0b0949918..a41f5b11f0 100644
--- a/hw/audio/pcspk.c
+++ b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct PCSpkState {
     MemoryRegion ioport;
     uint32_t iobase;
     uint8_t sample_buf[PCSPK_BUF_LEN];
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     SWVoiceOut *voice;
     PITCommonState *pit;
     unsigned int pit_count;
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ static int pcspk_audio_init(PCSpkState *s)
         return 0;
     }
 
-    s->voice = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->voice, s_spk, s, pcspk_callback, &as);
+    s->voice = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be, s->voice, s_spk, s, pcspk_callback, &as);
     if (!s->voice) {
         error_report("pcspk: Could not open voice");
         return -1;
@@ -196,8 +196,9 @@ static void pcspk_realizefn(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 
     isa_register_ioport(isadev, &s->ioport, s->iobase);
 
-    if (s->card.be && AUD_register_card(s_spk, &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (s->audio_be && AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         pcspk_audio_init(s);
+        return;
     }
 }
 
@@ -221,7 +222,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_spk = {
 };
 
 static const Property pcspk_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(PCSpkState, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(PCSpkState, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("iobase", PCSpkState, iobase,  0x61),
     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("migrate", PCSpkState, migrate,  true),
     DEFINE_PROP_LINK("pit", PCSpkState, pit, TYPE_PIT_COMMON, PITCommonState *),
diff --git a/hw/audio/pl041.c b/hw/audio/pl041.c
index 5d9d6c1178..fd3d09611f 100644
--- a/hw/audio/pl041.c
+++ b/hw/audio/pl041.c
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_pl041 = {
 };
 
 static const Property pl041_device_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(PL041State, codec.card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(PL041State, codec.audio_be),
     /* Non-compact FIFO depth property */
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("nc_fifo_depth", PL041State, fifo_depth,
                        DEFAULT_FIFO_DEPTH),
diff --git a/hw/audio/sb16.c b/hw/audio/sb16.c
index e86aafd488..8109d124d1 100644
--- a/hw/audio/sb16.c
+++ b/hw/audio/sb16.c
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ OBJECT_DECLARE_SIMPLE_TYPE(SB16State, SB16)
 struct SB16State {
     ISADevice parent_obj;
 
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     qemu_irq pic;
     uint32_t irq;
     uint32_t dma;
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ static void continue_dma8 (SB16State *s)
         as.endianness = 0;
 
         s->voice = AUD_open_out (
-            &s->card,
+            s->audio_be,
             s->voice,
             "sb16",
             s,
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ static void dma_cmd (SB16State *s, uint8_t cmd, uint8_t d0, int dma_len)
         as.endianness = 0;
 
         s->voice = AUD_open_out (
-            &s->card,
+            s->audio_be,
             s->voice,
             "sb16",
             s,
@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ static void legacy_reset (SB16State *s)
     as.endianness = 0;
 
     s->voice = AUD_open_out (
-        &s->card,
+        s->audio_be,
         s->voice,
         "sb16",
         s,
@@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ static int sb16_post_load (void *opaque, int version_id)
     SB16State *s = opaque;
 
     if (s->voice) {
-        AUD_close_out (&s->card, s->voice);
+        AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->voice);
         s->voice = NULL;
     }
 
@@ -1303,7 +1303,7 @@ static int sb16_post_load (void *opaque, int version_id)
             as.endianness = 0;
 
             s->voice = AUD_open_out (
-                &s->card,
+                s->audio_be,
                 s->voice,
                 "sb16",
                 s,
@@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ static void sb16_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     SB16State *s = SB16 (dev);
     IsaDmaClass *k;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card ("sb16", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1440,7 +1440,7 @@ static void sb16_realizefn (DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 }
 
 static const Property sb16_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(SB16State, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(SB16State, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("version", SB16State, ver,  0x0405), /* 4.5 */
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("iobase",  SB16State, port, 0x220),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32 ("irq",     SB16State, irq,  5),
diff --git a/hw/audio/via-ac97.c b/hw/audio/via-ac97.c
index 62341e5600..019d296853 100644
--- a/hw/audio/via-ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/via-ac97.c
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ static void open_voice_out(ViaAC97State *s)
         .fmt = s->aur.type & BIT(5) ? AUDIO_FORMAT_S16 : AUDIO_FORMAT_S8,
         .endianness = 0,
     };
-    s->vo = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->vo, "via-ac97.out", s, out_cb, &as);
+    s->vo = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be, s->vo, "via-ac97.out", s, out_cb, &as);
 }
 
 static uint64_t sgd_read(void *opaque, hwaddr addr, unsigned size)
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ static void via_ac97_realize(PCIDevice *pci_dev, Error **errp)
     ViaAC97State *s = VIA_AC97(pci_dev);
     Object *o = OBJECT(s);
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card ("via-ac97", &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -455,12 +455,11 @@ static void via_ac97_exit(PCIDevice *dev)
 {
     ViaAC97State *s = VIA_AC97(dev);
 
-    AUD_close_out(&s->card, s->vo);
-    AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
+    AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->vo);
 }
 
 static const Property via_ac97_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(ViaAC97State, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(ViaAC97State, audio_be),
 };
 
 static void via_ac97_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data)
diff --git a/hw/audio/virtio-snd.c b/hw/audio/virtio-snd.c
index 88777977a9..9101560f38 100644
--- a/hw/audio/virtio-snd.c
+++ b/hw/audio/virtio-snd.c
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_virtio_snd = {
 };
 
 static const Property virtio_snd_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(VirtIOSound, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(VirtIOSound, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("jacks", VirtIOSound, snd_conf.jacks,
                        VIRTIO_SOUND_JACK_DEFAULT),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("streams", VirtIOSound, snd_conf.streams,
@@ -391,10 +391,10 @@ static void virtio_snd_pcm_close(VirtIOSoundPCMStream *stream)
     if (stream) {
         virtio_snd_pcm_flush(stream);
         if (stream->info.direction == VIRTIO_SND_D_OUTPUT) {
-            AUD_close_out(&stream->pcm->snd->card, stream->voice.out);
+            AUD_close_out(stream->pcm->snd->audio_be, stream->voice.out);
             stream->voice.out = NULL;
         } else if (stream->info.direction == VIRTIO_SND_D_INPUT) {
-            AUD_close_in(&stream->pcm->snd->card, stream->voice.in);
+            AUD_close_in(stream->pcm->snd->audio_be, stream->voice.in);
             stream->voice.in = NULL;
         }
     }
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ static uint32_t virtio_snd_pcm_prepare(VirtIOSound *s, uint32_t stream_id)
     stream->as = as;
 
     if (stream->info.direction == VIRTIO_SND_D_OUTPUT) {
-        stream->voice.out = AUD_open_out(&s->card,
+        stream->voice.out = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be,
                                          stream->voice.out,
                                          "virtio-sound.out",
                                          stream,
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ static uint32_t virtio_snd_pcm_prepare(VirtIOSound *s, uint32_t stream_id)
                                          &as);
         AUD_set_volume_out_lr(stream->voice.out, 0, 255, 255);
     } else {
-        stream->voice.in = AUD_open_in(&s->card,
+        stream->voice.in = AUD_open_in(s->audio_be,
                                         stream->voice.in,
                                         "virtio-sound.in",
                                         stream,
@@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ static void virtio_snd_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card("virtio-sound", &vsnd->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&vsnd->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1330,7 +1330,6 @@ static void virtio_snd_unrealize(DeviceState *dev)
         g_free(vsnd->pcm);
         vsnd->pcm = NULL;
     }
-    AUD_remove_card(&vsnd->card);
     qemu_mutex_destroy(&vsnd->cmdq_mutex);
     virtio_delete_queue(vsnd->queues[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_CONTROL]);
     virtio_delete_queue(vsnd->queues[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT]);
diff --git a/hw/audio/wm8750.c b/hw/audio/wm8750.c
index 7a36c4bd3f..d399c335c3 100644
--- a/hw/audio/wm8750.c
+++ b/hw/audio/wm8750.c
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ struct WM8750State {
 
     uint8_t i2c_data[2];
     int i2c_len;
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
     SWVoiceIn *adc_voice[IN_PORT_N];
     SWVoiceOut *dac_voice[OUT_PORT_N];
     int enable;
@@ -188,12 +188,12 @@ static void wm8750_set_format(WM8750State *s)
 
     for (i = 0; i < IN_PORT_N; i ++)
         if (s->adc_voice[i]) {
-            AUD_close_in(&s->card, s->adc_voice[i]);
+            AUD_close_in(s->audio_be, s->adc_voice[i]);
             s->adc_voice[i] = NULL;
         }
     for (i = 0; i < OUT_PORT_N; i ++)
         if (s->dac_voice[i]) {
-            AUD_close_out(&s->card, s->dac_voice[i]);
+            AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->dac_voice[i]);
             s->dac_voice[i] = NULL;
         }
 
@@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ static void wm8750_set_format(WM8750State *s)
     in_fmt.freq = s->adc_hz;
     in_fmt.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16;
 
-    s->adc_voice[0] = AUD_open_in(&s->card, s->adc_voice[0],
+    s->adc_voice[0] = AUD_open_in(s->audio_be, s->adc_voice[0],
                     CODEC ".input1", s, wm8750_audio_in_cb, &in_fmt);
-    s->adc_voice[1] = AUD_open_in(&s->card, s->adc_voice[1],
+    s->adc_voice[1] = AUD_open_in(s->audio_be, s->adc_voice[1],
                     CODEC ".input2", s, wm8750_audio_in_cb, &in_fmt);
-    s->adc_voice[2] = AUD_open_in(&s->card, s->adc_voice[2],
+    s->adc_voice[2] = AUD_open_in(s->audio_be, s->adc_voice[2],
                     CODEC ".input3", s, wm8750_audio_in_cb, &in_fmt);
 
     /* Setup output */
@@ -219,12 +219,12 @@ static void wm8750_set_format(WM8750State *s)
     out_fmt.freq = s->dac_hz;
     out_fmt.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16;
 
-    s->dac_voice[0] = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->dac_voice[0],
+    s->dac_voice[0] = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be, s->dac_voice[0],
                     CODEC ".speaker", s, wm8750_audio_out_cb, &out_fmt);
-    s->dac_voice[1] = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->dac_voice[1],
+    s->dac_voice[1] = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be, s->dac_voice[1],
                     CODEC ".headphone", s, wm8750_audio_out_cb, &out_fmt);
     /* MONOMIX is also in stereo for simplicity */
-    s->dac_voice[2] = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->dac_voice[2],
+    s->dac_voice[2] = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be, s->dac_voice[2],
                     CODEC ".monomix", s, wm8750_audio_out_cb, &out_fmt);
     /* no sense emulating OUT3 which is a mix of other outputs */
 
@@ -624,7 +624,7 @@ static void wm8750_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
 {
     WM8750State *s = WM8750(dev);
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card(CODEC, &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -637,7 +637,6 @@ static void wm8750_fini(I2CSlave *i2c)
     WM8750State *s = WM8750(i2c);
 
     wm8750_reset(I2C_SLAVE(s));
-    AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
     g_free(s);
 }
 #endif
@@ -707,7 +706,7 @@ void wm8750_set_bclk_in(void *opaque, int new_hz)
 }
 
 static const Property wm8750_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(WM8750State, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(WM8750State, audio_be),
 };
 
 static void wm8750_class_init(ObjectClass *klass, const void *data)
diff --git a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
index c83a52fc62..578cbdc015 100644
--- a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
+++ b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
@@ -487,18 +487,17 @@ static void get_audiodev(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char* name,
                          void *opaque, Error **errp)
 {
     const Property *prop = opaque;
-    QEMUSoundCard *card = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
-    char *p = g_strdup(audio_get_id(card));
+    AudioBackend **be = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
+    g_autofree char *id = g_strdup(audio_be_get_id(*be));
 
-    visit_type_str(v, name, &p, errp);
-    g_free(p);
+    visit_type_str(v, name, (char **)&id, errp);
 }
 
 static void set_audiodev(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char* name,
                          void *opaque, Error **errp)
 {
     const Property *prop = opaque;
-    QEMUSoundCard *card = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
+    AudioBackend **be = object_field_prop_ptr(obj, prop);
     AudioBackend *state;
     g_autofree char *str = NULL;
 
@@ -508,7 +507,7 @@ static void set_audiodev(Object *obj, Visitor *v, const char* name,
 
     state = audio_be_by_name(str, errp);
     if (state) {
-        card->be = state;
+        *be = state;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/hw/display/xlnx_dp.c b/hw/display/xlnx_dp.c
index 882ae3c4b4..96cbb1b3a7 100644
--- a/hw/display/xlnx_dp.c
+++ b/hw/display/xlnx_dp.c
@@ -1306,7 +1306,7 @@ static void xlnx_dp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     DisplaySurface *surface;
     struct audsettings as;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card("xlnx_dp.audio", &s->aud_card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1328,7 +1328,7 @@ static void xlnx_dp_realize(DeviceState *dev, Error **errp)
     as.fmt = AUDIO_FORMAT_S16;
     as.endianness = 0;
 
-    s->amixer_output_stream = AUD_open_out(&s->aud_card,
+    s->amixer_output_stream = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be,
                                            s->amixer_output_stream,
                                            "xlnx_dp.audio.out",
                                            s,
@@ -1392,7 +1392,7 @@ static void xlnx_dp_reset(DeviceState *dev)
 }
 
 static const Property xlnx_dp_device_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(XlnxDPState, aud_card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(XlnxDPState, audio_be),
 };
 
 static void xlnx_dp_class_init(ObjectClass *oc, const void *data)
diff --git a/hw/usb/dev-audio.c b/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
index f59e5a53f0..c8e032ab64 100644
--- a/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
+++ b/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@ static uint8_t *streambuf_get(struct streambuf *buf, size_t *len)
 struct USBAudioState {
     /* qemu interfaces */
     USBDevice dev;
-    QEMUSoundCard card;
+    AudioBackend *audio_be;
 
     /* state */
     struct {
@@ -931,8 +931,7 @@ static void usb_audio_unrealize(USBDevice *dev)
     }
 
     usb_audio_set_output_altset(s, ALTSET_OFF);
-    AUD_close_out(&s->card, s->out.voice);
-    AUD_remove_card(&s->card);
+    AUD_close_out(s->audio_be, s->out.voice);
 
     streambuf_fini(&s->out.buf);
 }
@@ -942,7 +941,7 @@ static void usb_audio_realize(USBDevice *dev, Error **errp)
     USBAudioState *s = USB_AUDIO(dev);
     int i;
 
-    if (!AUD_register_card(TYPE_USB_AUDIO, &s->card, errp)) {
+    if (!AUD_backend_check(&s->audio_be, errp)) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -979,7 +978,7 @@ static void usb_audio_reinit(USBDevice *dev, unsigned channels)
     s->out.as.endianness = 0;
     streambuf_init(&s->out.buf, s->buffer, s->out.channels);
 
-    s->out.voice = AUD_open_out(&s->card, s->out.voice, TYPE_USB_AUDIO,
+    s->out.voice = AUD_open_out(s->audio_be, s->out.voice, TYPE_USB_AUDIO,
                                 s, output_callback, &s->out.as);
     AUD_set_volume_out(s->out.voice, &s->out.vol);
     AUD_set_active_out(s->out.voice, 0);
@@ -991,7 +990,7 @@ static const VMStateDescription vmstate_usb_audio = {
 };
 
 static const Property usb_audio_properties[] = {
-    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(USBAudioState, card),
+    DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(USBAudioState, audio_be),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("debug", USBAudioState, debug, 0),
     DEFINE_PROP_UINT32("buffer", USBAudioState, buffer_user, 0),
     DEFINE_PROP_BOOL("multi", USBAudioState, multi, false),
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 27/35] audio: remove QEMUSoundCard

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> There is no clear need for this extra intermediary structure between
> the audio backend and its user.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> Suggested-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.h                       | 18 ++++++------------
>   audio/audio_int.h                   |  3 ---
>   audio/audio_template.h              | 22 ++++++++++------------
>   hw/audio/lm4549.h                   |  2 +-
>   include/hw/audio/asc.h              |  2 +-
>   include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h       |  2 +-
>   include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h        |  2 +-
>   include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h           |  2 +-
>   include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h |  2 +-
>   audio/audio.c                       | 29 ++++++++++-------------------
>   hw/audio/ac97.c                     | 25 ++++++++++++-------------
>   hw/audio/adlib.c                    |  9 ++++-----
>   hw/audio/asc.c                      |  9 +++------
>   hw/audio/cs4231a.c                  |  8 ++++----
>   hw/audio/es1370.c                   | 23 +++++++++++------------
>   hw/audio/gus.c                      |  9 ++++-----
>   hw/audio/hda-codec.c                | 15 +++++++--------
>   hw/audio/lm4549.c                   |  8 ++++----
>   hw/audio/pcspk.c                    |  9 +++++----
>   hw/audio/pl041.c                    |  2 +-
>   hw/audio/sb16.c                     | 16 ++++++++--------
>   hw/audio/via-ac97.c                 |  9 ++++-----
>   hw/audio/virtio-snd.c               | 13 ++++++-------
>   hw/audio/wm8750.c                   | 23 +++++++++++------------
>   hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c    | 11 +++++------
>   hw/display/xlnx_dp.c                |  6 +++---
>   hw/usb/dev-audio.c                  | 11 +++++------
>   27 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 161 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
> index 1d56f111ea..fdbc33ae0c 100644
> --- a/audio/audio.h
> +++ b/audio/audio.h
> @@ -69,18 +69,12 @@ struct AudioBackendClass {
>   };
>   
>   typedef struct AudioBackend AudioBackend;
> -typedef struct QEMUSoundCard {
> -    char *name;
> -    AudioBackend *be;
> -    QLIST_ENTRY (QEMUSoundCard) entries;
> -} QEMUSoundCard;
>   
>   typedef struct QEMUAudioTimeStamp {
>       uint64_t old_ts;
>   } QEMUAudioTimeStamp;
>   
> -bool AUD_register_card (const char *name, QEMUSoundCard *card, Error **errp);
> -void AUD_remove_card (QEMUSoundCard *card);
> +bool AUD_backend_check (AudioBackend **be, Error **errp);
>   CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
>       AudioBackend *s,
>       struct audsettings *as,
> @@ -90,7 +84,7 @@ CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
>   void AUD_del_capture (CaptureVoiceOut *cap, void *cb_opaque);
>   
>   SWVoiceOut *AUD_open_out (
> -    QEMUSoundCard *card,
> +    AudioBackend *be,
>       SWVoiceOut *sw,
>       const char *name,
>       void *callback_opaque,
> @@ -98,7 +92,7 @@ SWVoiceOut *AUD_open_out (
>       struct audsettings *settings
>       );
>   
> -void AUD_close_out (QEMUSoundCard *card, SWVoiceOut *sw);
> +void AUD_close_out (AudioBackend *be, SWVoiceOut *sw);
>   size_t AUD_write (SWVoiceOut *sw, void *pcm_buf, size_t size);
>   int  AUD_get_buffer_size_out (SWVoiceOut *sw);
>   void AUD_set_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int on);
> @@ -132,7 +126,7 @@ AUD_set_volume_in_lr(SWVoiceIn *sw, bool mut, uint8_t lvol, uint8_t rvol) {
>   }
>   
>   SWVoiceIn *AUD_open_in (
> -    QEMUSoundCard *card,
> +    AudioBackend *be,
>       SWVoiceIn *sw,
>       const char *name,
>       void *callback_opaque,
> @@ -140,7 +134,7 @@ SWVoiceIn *AUD_open_in (
>       struct audsettings *settings
>       );
>   
> -void AUD_close_in (QEMUSoundCard *card, SWVoiceIn *sw);
> +void AUD_close_in (AudioBackend *be, SWVoiceIn *sw);

I know this is painful, but please fix ./checkpatch.pl errors before
posting your pull request.

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 28/35] audio/dbus: use a helper function to set the backend dbus server

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/audio.h     |  9 +++++++++
 audio/audio_int.h |  5 ++++-
 audio/audio.c     | 17 +++++++++++++++++
 audio/dbusaudio.c |  9 +++++++--
 ui/dbus.c         |  8 +-------
 5 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/audio/audio.h
index fdbc33ae0c..78c27462ba 100644
--- a/audio/audio.h
+++ b/audio/audio.h
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@
 #include "qemu/queue.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-types-audio.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties-system.h"
+#ifdef CONFIG_GIO
+#include "gio/gio.h"
+#endif
 
 typedef void (*audio_callback_fn) (void *opaque, int avail);
 
@@ -161,6 +164,12 @@ void audio_help(void);
 AudioBackend *audio_be_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp);
 AudioBackend *audio_get_default_audio_be(Error **errp);
 const char *audio_be_get_id(AudioBackend *be);
+#ifdef CONFIG_GIO
+bool audio_be_set_dbus_server(AudioBackend *be,
+                              GDBusObjectManagerServer *server,
+                              bool p2p,
+                              Error **errp);
+#endif
 
 #define DEFINE_AUDIO_PROPERTIES(_s, _f)         \
     DEFINE_PROP_AUDIODEV("audiodev", _s, _f)
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index c4453b3a29..d66f7aac32 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -148,7 +148,10 @@ struct audio_driver {
     void *(*init) (Audiodev *, Error **);
     void (*fini) (void *);
 #ifdef CONFIG_GIO
-    void (*set_dbus_server)(AudioBackend *s, GDBusObjectManagerServer *manager, bool p2p);
+    bool (*set_dbus_server)(AudioBackend *be,
+                            GDBusObjectManagerServer *manager,
+                            bool p2p,
+                            Error **errp);
 #endif
     struct audio_pcm_ops *pcm_ops;
     int max_voices_out;
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 46282f86d6..ab33b7f9a7 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -2223,6 +2223,23 @@ AudioBackend *audio_be_by_name(const char *name, Error **errp)
     }
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_GIO
+bool audio_be_set_dbus_server(AudioBackend *be,
+                              GDBusObjectManagerServer *server,
+                              bool p2p,
+                              Error **errp)
+{
+    assert(be != NULL);
+
+    if (!be->drv->set_dbus_server) {
+        error_setg(errp, "Audiodev '%s' is not compatible with DBus", be->dev->id);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return be->drv->set_dbus_server(be, server, p2p, errp);
+}
+#endif
+
 const char *audio_be_get_id(AudioBackend *be)
 {
     if (be) {
diff --git a/audio/dbusaudio.c b/audio/dbusaudio.c
index 49cef38e3e..c97c34b486 100644
--- a/audio/dbusaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dbusaudio.c
@@ -645,8 +645,11 @@ dbus_audio_register_in_listener(AudioBackend *s,
                                         arg_listener, false);
 }
 
-static void
-dbus_audio_set_server(AudioBackend *s, GDBusObjectManagerServer *server, bool p2p)
+static bool
+dbus_audio_set_server(AudioBackend *s,
+                      GDBusObjectManagerServer *server,
+                      bool p2p,
+                      Error **errp)
 {
     DBusAudio *da = s->drv_opaque;
 
@@ -669,6 +672,8 @@ dbus_audio_set_server(AudioBackend *s, GDBusObjectManagerServer *server, bool p2
     g_dbus_object_skeleton_add_interface(G_DBUS_OBJECT_SKELETON(da->audio),
                                          G_DBUS_INTERFACE_SKELETON(da->iface));
     g_dbus_object_manager_server_export(da->server, da->audio);
+
+    return true;
 }
 
 static struct audio_pcm_ops dbus_pcm_ops = {
diff --git a/ui/dbus.c b/ui/dbus.c
index 84cff47ec7..fbe108af1e 100644
--- a/ui/dbus.c
+++ b/ui/dbus.c
@@ -221,15 +221,9 @@ dbus_display_complete(UserCreatable *uc, Error **errp)
 
     if (dd->audiodev && *dd->audiodev) {
         AudioBackend *audio_be = audio_be_by_name(dd->audiodev, errp);
-        if (!audio_be) {
+        if (!audio_be || !audio_be_set_dbus_server(audio_be, dd->server, dd->p2p, errp)) {
             return;
         }
-        if (!g_str_equal(audio_be->drv->name, "dbus")) {
-            error_setg(errp, "Audiodev '%s' is not compatible with DBus",
-                       dd->audiodev);
-            return;
-        }
-        audio_be->drv->set_dbus_server(audio_be, dd->server, dd->p2p);
     }
 
     consoles = g_array_new(FALSE, FALSE, sizeof(guint32));
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 28/35] audio/dbus: use a helper function to set the backend dbus server

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/audio.h     |  9 +++++++++
>   audio/audio_int.h |  5 ++++-
>   audio/audio.c     | 17 +++++++++++++++++
>   audio/dbusaudio.c |  9 +++++++--
>   ui/dbus.c         |  8 +-------
>   5 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 29/35] audio: move audio.h under include/qemu/

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <odaki@rsg.ci.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
---
 MAINTAINERS                                         | 1 +
 audio/audio_int.h                                   | 2 +-
 hw/audio/lm4549.h                                   | 2 +-
 include/hw/audio/asc.h                              | 2 +-
 include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h                       | 2 +-
 include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h                        | 2 +-
 include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h                           | 2 +-
 {audio => include/qemu}/audio.h                     | 0
 include/system/replay.h                             | 2 +-
 ui/vnc.h                                            | 2 +-
 audio/alsaaudio.c                                   | 2 +-
 audio/audio.c                                       | 2 +-
 audio/audio_win_int.c                               | 2 +-
 audio/dbusaudio.c                                   | 2 +-
 audio/dsoundaudio.c                                 | 2 +-
 audio/jackaudio.c                                   | 2 +-
 audio/mixeng.c                                      | 2 +-
 audio/noaudio.c                                     | 2 +-
 audio/ossaudio.c                                    | 2 +-
 audio/paaudio.c                                     | 2 +-
 audio/pwaudio.c                                     | 2 +-
 audio/sdlaudio.c                                    | 2 +-
 audio/sndioaudio.c                                  | 2 +-
 audio/spiceaudio.c                                  | 2 +-
 audio/wavaudio.c                                    | 2 +-
 hw/arm/integratorcp.c                               | 2 +-
 hw/arm/musicpal.c                                   | 2 +-
 hw/arm/realview.c                                   | 2 +-
 hw/arm/versatilepb.c                                | 2 +-
 hw/arm/vexpress.c                                   | 2 +-
 hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c                                | 2 +-
 hw/audio/ac97.c                                     | 2 +-
 hw/audio/adlib.c                                    | 2 +-
 hw/audio/asc.c                                      | 2 +-
 hw/audio/cs4231a.c                                  | 2 +-
 hw/audio/es1370.c                                   | 2 +-
 hw/audio/gus.c                                      | 2 +-
 hw/audio/hda-codec.c                                | 2 +-
 hw/audio/lm4549.c                                   | 2 +-
 hw/audio/marvell_88w8618.c                          | 2 +-
 hw/audio/pcspk.c                                    | 2 +-
 hw/audio/sb16.c                                     | 2 +-
 hw/audio/wm8750.c                                   | 2 +-
 hw/core/machine.c                                   | 2 +-
 hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c                    | 2 +-
 hw/ppc/prep.c                                       | 2 +-
 hw/usb/dev-audio.c                                  | 2 +-
 replay/replay-audio.c                               | 2 +-
 system/runstate.c                                   | 2 +-
 system/vl.c                                         | 2 +-
 ui/dbus.c                                           | 3 +--
 audio/coreaudio.m                                   | 2 +-
 scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py | 2 +-
 53 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
 rename {audio => include/qemu}/audio.h (100%)

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index f33f95ceea..a4f650a88f 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -2975,6 +2975,7 @@ X: audio/paaudio.c
 X: audio/sdlaudio.c
 X: audio/sndioaudio.c
 X: audio/spiceaudio.c
+F: include/qemu/audio.h
 F: qapi/audio.json
 
 ALSA Audio backend
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index d66f7aac32..8d4f4ca8fc 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #define FLOAT_MIXENG
 /* #define RECIPROCAL */
 #endif
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "mixeng.h"
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_GIO
diff --git a/hw/audio/lm4549.h b/hw/audio/lm4549.h
index 1d858e2a04..bbd73057bf 100644
--- a/hw/audio/lm4549.h
+++ b/hw/audio/lm4549.h
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #ifndef HW_LM4549_H
 #define HW_LM4549_H
 
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "exec/hwaddr.h"
 
 typedef void (*lm4549_callback)(void *opaque);
diff --git a/include/hw/audio/asc.h b/include/hw/audio/asc.h
index a60c2f597c..bb51e9a3d1 100644
--- a/include/hw/audio/asc.h
+++ b/include/hw/audio/asc.h
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 #define HW_AUDIO_ASC_H
 
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #define ASC_FREQ 22257
 
diff --git a/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h b/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h
index 0ad80bc9be..c176066584 100644
--- a/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h
+++ b/include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #define QEMU_VIRTIO_SOUND_H
 
 #include "hw/virtio/virtio.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_ids.h"
 #include "standard-headers/linux/virtio_snd.h"
 
diff --git a/include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h b/include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h
index 802a1427c9..af859e477d 100644
--- a/include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h
+++ b/include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 #include "qemu/fifo8.h"
 #include "qemu/units.h"
 #include "hw/dma/xlnx_dpdma.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 #include "hw/ptimer.h"
 
diff --git a/include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h b/include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h
index 48c412ce81..ace9e6650e 100644
--- a/include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h
+++ b/include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #define HW_VT82C686_H
 
 #include "hw/pci/pci_device.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #define TYPE_VT82C686B_ISA "vt82c686b-isa"
 #define TYPE_VT82C686B_USB_UHCI "vt82c686b-usb-uhci"
diff --git a/audio/audio.h b/include/qemu/audio.h
similarity index 100%
rename from audio/audio.h
rename to include/qemu/audio.h
diff --git a/include/system/replay.h b/include/system/replay.h
index 1e63c0784c..68f91bdfbf 100644
--- a/include/system/replay.h
+++ b/include/system/replay.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include "qapi/qapi-types-run-state.h"
 #include "qapi/qapi-types-ui.h"
 #include "block/aio.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 /* replay clock kinds */
 enum ReplayClockKind {
diff --git a/ui/vnc.h b/ui/vnc.h
index e2137c5ed1..4d8363ebf3 100644
--- a/ui/vnc.h
+++ b/ui/vnc.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #include "qemu/thread.h"
 #include "ui/clipboard.h"
 #include "ui/console.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
 #include "crypto/tlssession.h"
 #include "qemu/buffer.h"
diff --git a/audio/alsaaudio.c b/audio/alsaaudio.c
index 797cb478e6..d1e4817081 100644
--- a/audio/alsaaudio.c
+++ b/audio/alsaaudio.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Waddress"
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index ab33b7f9a7..4bbe6b242f 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
diff --git a/audio/audio_win_int.c b/audio/audio_win_int.c
index 316f118f50..44a8ff24a6 100644
--- a/audio/audio_win_int.c
+++ b/audio/audio_win_int.c
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <mmreg.h>
 #include <mmsystem.h>
 
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "audio_int.h"
 #include "audio_win_int.h"
 
diff --git a/audio/dbusaudio.c b/audio/dbusaudio.c
index c97c34b486..157d36428e 100644
--- a/audio/dbusaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dbusaudio.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 #include "ui/dbus-display1.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "dbus"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "audio_int.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
diff --git a/audio/dsoundaudio.c b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
index bd00c50e80..8b773ded21 100644
--- a/audio/dsoundaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "dsound"
 #include "audio_int.h"
diff --git a/audio/jackaudio.c b/audio/jackaudio.c
index 974a3caad3..28face9989 100644
--- a/audio/jackaudio.c
+++ b/audio/jackaudio.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qemu/atomic.h"
 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "jack"
 #include "audio_int.h"
diff --git a/audio/mixeng.c b/audio/mixeng.c
index af9ec3d4d2..e63c76e021 100644
--- a/audio/mixeng.c
+++ b/audio/mixeng.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
  */
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/bswap.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "mixeng"
 #include "audio_int.h"
diff --git a/audio/noaudio.c b/audio/noaudio.c
index 34ff1d2a27..b136b74e26 100644
--- a/audio/noaudio.c
+++ b/audio/noaudio.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "noaudio"
 #include "audio_int.h"
diff --git a/audio/ossaudio.c b/audio/ossaudio.c
index 4a549b26a2..5ba91f6793 100644
--- a/audio/ossaudio.c
+++ b/audio/ossaudio.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "oss"
diff --git a/audio/paaudio.c b/audio/paaudio.c
index 93030f3fc8..8eb80ede45 100644
--- a/audio/paaudio.c
+++ b/audio/paaudio.c
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 
 #include <pulse/pulseaudio.h>
diff --git a/audio/pwaudio.c b/audio/pwaudio.c
index 8e13b58286..8f6c0900c8 100644
--- a/audio/pwaudio.c
+++ b/audio/pwaudio.c
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include <spa/param/audio/format-utils.h>
diff --git a/audio/sdlaudio.c b/audio/sdlaudio.c
index 641357e5ee..4ef73c8dfb 100644
--- a/audio/sdlaudio.c
+++ b/audio/sdlaudio.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include <SDL_thread.h>
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #ifndef _WIN32
 #ifdef __sun__
diff --git a/audio/sndioaudio.c b/audio/sndioaudio.c
index 8eb35e1e53..f4f53b1c6f 100644
--- a/audio/sndioaudio.c
+++ b/audio/sndioaudio.c
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 #include <poll.h>
 #include <sndio.h>
 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "sndio"
diff --git a/audio/spiceaudio.c b/audio/spiceaudio.c
index 7e737bff9a..77ba89ffaa 100644
--- a/audio/spiceaudio.c
+++ b/audio/spiceaudio.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include "ui/qemu-spice.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "spice"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "audio_int.h"
 
 #if SPICE_INTERFACE_PLAYBACK_MAJOR > 1 || SPICE_INTERFACE_PLAYBACK_MINOR >= 3
diff --git a/audio/wavaudio.c b/audio/wavaudio.c
index a098b20cad..4d9c921305 100644
--- a/audio/wavaudio.c
+++ b/audio/wavaudio.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "wav"
 #include "audio_int.h"
diff --git a/hw/arm/integratorcp.c b/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
index b1d8fbd470..81ed051b98 100644
--- a/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
+++ b/hw/arm/integratorcp.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/sd/sd.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "target/arm/cpu-qom.h"
 
 #define TYPE_INTEGRATOR_CM "integrator_core"
diff --git a/hw/arm/musicpal.c b/hw/arm/musicpal.c
index 329b162eb2..6032301bb6 100644
--- a/hw/arm/musicpal.c
+++ b/hw/arm/musicpal.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 #include "hw/net/mv88w8618_eth.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "target/arm/cpu-qom.h"
 
diff --git a/hw/arm/realview.c b/hw/arm/realview.c
index 5c9050490b..892bdc8db2 100644
--- a/hw/arm/realview.c
+++ b/hw/arm/realview.c
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/i2c/arm_sbcon_i2c.h"
 #include "hw/sd/sd.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "target/arm/cpu-qom.h"
 
 #define SMP_BOOT_ADDR 0xe0000000
diff --git a/hw/arm/versatilepb.c b/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
index 5cf1a70d10..cba77864e8 100644
--- a/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
+++ b/hw/arm/versatilepb.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "hw/char/pl011.h"
 #include "hw/sd/sd.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "target/arm/cpu-qom.h"
 #include "qemu/log.h"
 
diff --git a/hw/arm/vexpress.c b/hw/arm/vexpress.c
index 35f8d05ea1..14d38cea8b 100644
--- a/hw/arm/vexpress.c
+++ b/hw/arm/vexpress.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 #include "hw/sd/sd.h"
 #include "qobject/qlist.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "target/arm/cpu-qom.h"
 
 #define VEXPRESS_BOARD_ID 0x8e0
diff --git a/hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c b/hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c
index 14b6641a71..4ed346a88d 100644
--- a/hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c
+++ b/hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "system/device_tree.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 #include "net/can_emu.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 struct XlnxZCU102 {
     MachineState parent_obj;
diff --git a/hw/audio/ac97.c b/hw/audio/ac97.c
index a91bf52b95..be7a39377f 100644
--- a/hw/audio/ac97.c
+++ b/hw/audio/ac97.c
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci_device.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/adlib.c b/hw/audio/adlib.c
index 4e6c80b8e0..19d3a5f128 100644
--- a/hw/audio/adlib.c
+++ b/hw/audio/adlib.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/asc.c b/hw/audio/asc.c
index 5c3f6c8f86..0abb106979 100644
--- a/hw/audio/asc.c
+++ b/hw/audio/asc.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "hw/sysbus.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "hw/audio/asc.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
index ec9643b817..98fdbc5b72 100644
--- a/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
+++ b/hw/audio/cs4231a.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/es1370.c b/hw/audio/es1370.c
index 0628f03310..9873ffadab 100644
--- a/hw/audio/es1370.c
+++ b/hw/audio/es1370.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci_device.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "qemu/cutils.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/gus.c b/hw/audio/gus.c
index d253329021..68f89e994c 100644
--- a/hw/audio/gus.c
+++ b/hw/audio/gus.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/hda-codec.c b/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
index f7ae2aa1fd..e90c9de046 100644
--- a/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
+++ b/hw/audio/hda-codec.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "qemu/host-utils.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "intel-hda-defs.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 
diff --git a/hw/audio/lm4549.c b/hw/audio/lm4549.c
index c51ec0e66f..745441bd79 100644
--- a/hw/audio/lm4549.c
+++ b/hw/audio/lm4549.c
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/hw.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "lm4549.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 
diff --git a/hw/audio/marvell_88w8618.c b/hw/audio/marvell_88w8618.c
index c5c79d083a..a483f4e70d 100644
--- a/hw/audio/marvell_88w8618.c
+++ b/hw/audio/marvell_88w8618.c
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
 #include "hw/audio/wm8750.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/pcspk.c b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
index a41f5b11f0..916c56fa4c 100644
--- a/hw/audio/pcspk.c
+++ b/hw/audio/pcspk.c
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "qemu/timer.h"
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/sb16.c b/hw/audio/sb16.c
index 8109d124d1..1e3c4caf5e 100644
--- a/hw/audio/sb16.c
+++ b/hw/audio/sb16.c
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "hw/irq.h"
 #include "hw/isa/isa.h"
 #include "hw/qdev-properties.h"
diff --git a/hw/audio/wm8750.c b/hw/audio/wm8750.c
index d399c335c3..336fb6d20b 100644
--- a/hw/audio/wm8750.c
+++ b/hw/audio/wm8750.c
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
 #include "hw/audio/wm8750.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 
 #define IN_PORT_N	3
diff --git a/hw/core/machine.c b/hw/core/machine.c
index 28d2833c5d..0580550e12 100644
--- a/hw/core/machine.c
+++ b/hw/core/machine.c
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-net.h"
 #include "hw/virtio/virtio-iommu.h"
 #include "hw/acpi/generic_event_device.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 GlobalProperty hw_compat_10_1[] = {
     { TYPE_ACPI_GED, "x-has-hest-addr", "false" },
diff --git a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
index 578cbdc015..6560205f9f 100644
--- a/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
+++ b/hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "qdev-prop-internal.h"
 
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "chardev/char-fe.h"
 #include "system/block-backend.h"
 #include "system/blockdev.h"
diff --git a/hw/ppc/prep.c b/hw/ppc/prep.c
index c730cb3429..d9c5d14cbd 100644
--- a/hw/ppc/prep.c
+++ b/hw/ppc/prep.c
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 #include "trace.h"
 #include "elf.h"
 #include "qemu/units.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 /* SMP is not enabled, for now */
 #define MAX_CPUS 1
diff --git a/hw/usb/dev-audio.c b/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
index c8e032ab64..8dd9d26599 100644
--- a/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
+++ b/hw/usb/dev-audio.c
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 #include "hw/usb.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "desc.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qom/object.h"
 
 static void usb_audio_reinit(USBDevice *dev, unsigned channels);
diff --git a/replay/replay-audio.c b/replay/replay-audio.c
index 3413801062..1b614f4137 100644
--- a/replay/replay-audio.c
+++ b/replay/replay-audio.c
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 #include "qemu/error-report.h"
 #include "system/replay.h"
 #include "replay-internal.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 void replay_audio_out(size_t *played)
 {
diff --git a/system/runstate.c b/system/runstate.c
index 32467aa882..e3ec16ab74 100644
--- a/system/runstate.c
+++ b/system/runstate.c
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "block/block.h"
 #include "block/export.h"
 #include "chardev/char.h"
diff --git a/system/vl.c b/system/vl.c
index dc2ea4c298..29f5389151 100644
--- a/system/vl.c
+++ b/system/vl.c
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 #include "system/tpm.h"
 #include "system/dma.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "system/cpus.h"
 #include "system/cpu-timers.h"
 #include "exec/icount.h"
diff --git a/ui/dbus.c b/ui/dbus.c
index fbe108af1e..d2dff33258 100644
--- a/ui/dbus.c
+++ b/ui/dbus.c
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@
 #include "ui/egl-helpers.h"
 #include "ui/egl-context.h"
 #endif
-#include "audio/audio.h"
-#include "audio/audio_int.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "qapi/error.h"
 #include "trace.h"
 
diff --git a/audio/coreaudio.m b/audio/coreaudio.m
index cadd729d50..8b3cd6db16 100644
--- a/audio/coreaudio.m
+++ b/audio/coreaudio.m
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 
 #include "qemu/main-loop.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-#include "audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_CAP "coreaudio"
 #include "audio_int.h"
diff --git a/scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py b/scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py
index fe7354b473..b00e9ef15b 100644
--- a/scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py
+++ b/scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ def test_initial_includes():
 
 #include "qemu/osdep.h"
 #include "hw/audio/model.h"
-#include "audio/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio.h"
 #include "hw/pci/pci.h"
 #include "migration/vmstate.h"
 #include "qemu/module.h"
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 29/35] audio: move audio.h under include/qemu/

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <odaki@rsg.ci.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
> ---
>   MAINTAINERS                                         | 1 +
>   audio/audio_int.h                                   | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/lm4549.h                                   | 2 +-
>   include/hw/audio/asc.h                              | 2 +-
>   include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h                       | 2 +-
>   include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h                        | 2 +-
>   include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h                           | 2 +-
>   {audio => include/qemu}/audio.h                     | 0
>   include/system/replay.h                             | 2 +-
>   ui/vnc.h                                            | 2 +-
>   audio/alsaaudio.c                                   | 2 +-
>   audio/audio.c                                       | 2 +-
>   audio/audio_win_int.c                               | 2 +-
>   audio/dbusaudio.c                                   | 2 +-
>   audio/dsoundaudio.c                                 | 2 +-
>   audio/jackaudio.c                                   | 2 +-
>   audio/mixeng.c                                      | 2 +-
>   audio/noaudio.c                                     | 2 +-
>   audio/ossaudio.c                                    | 2 +-
>   audio/paaudio.c                                     | 2 +-
>   audio/pwaudio.c                                     | 2 +-
>   audio/sdlaudio.c                                    | 2 +-
>   audio/sndioaudio.c                                  | 2 +-
>   audio/spiceaudio.c                                  | 2 +-
>   audio/wavaudio.c                                    | 2 +-
>   hw/arm/integratorcp.c                               | 2 +-
>   hw/arm/musicpal.c                                   | 2 +-
>   hw/arm/realview.c                                   | 2 +-
>   hw/arm/versatilepb.c                                | 2 +-
>   hw/arm/vexpress.c                                   | 2 +-
>   hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c                                | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/ac97.c                                     | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/adlib.c                                    | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/asc.c                                      | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/cs4231a.c                                  | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/es1370.c                                   | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/gus.c                                      | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/hda-codec.c                                | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/lm4549.c                                   | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/marvell_88w8618.c                          | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/pcspk.c                                    | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/sb16.c                                     | 2 +-
>   hw/audio/wm8750.c                                   | 2 +-
>   hw/core/machine.c                                   | 2 +-
>   hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c                    | 2 +-
>   hw/ppc/prep.c                                       | 2 +-
>   hw/usb/dev-audio.c                                  | 2 +-
>   replay/replay-audio.c                               | 2 +-
>   system/runstate.c                                   | 2 +-
>   system/vl.c                                         | 2 +-

Alternatively "system/audio.h". Regardless,

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

>   ui/dbus.c                                           | 3 +--
>   audio/coreaudio.m                                   | 2 +-
>   scripts/codeconverter/codeconverter/test_regexps.py | 2 +-
>   53 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
>   rename {audio => include/qemu}/audio.h (100%)

[PATCH v3 30/35] audio: remove dependency on spice header

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

It is no longer required.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/meson.build | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/audio/meson.build b/audio/meson.build
index 59f0a431d5..37789437fb 100644
--- a/audio/meson.build
+++ b/audio/meson.build
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-system_ss.add([spice_headers, files('audio.c')])
 system_ss.add(files(
+  'audio.c',
   'audio-hmp-cmds.c',
   'mixeng.c',
   'noaudio.c',
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 30/35] audio: remove dependency on spice header

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> It is no longer required.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   audio/meson.build | 2 +-
>   1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 31/35] audio: cleanup, use bool for booleans

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Use slightly better types for the job.
Fix some checkpatch issues.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
---
 audio/audio_int.h      | 12 ++++++------
 audio/audio_template.h |  6 +++---
 include/qemu/audio.h   |  8 ++++----
 audio/audio.c          | 30 +++++++++++++++---------------
 4 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index 8d4f4ca8fc..df13a466e4 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -70,9 +70,9 @@ typedef struct STSampleBuffer {
 
 typedef struct HWVoiceOut {
     AudioBackend *s;
-    int enabled;
+    bool enabled;
     int poll_mode;
-    int pending_disable;
+    bool pending_disable;
     struct audio_pcm_info info;
 
     f_sample *clip;
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ typedef struct HWVoiceOut {
 
 typedef struct HWVoiceIn {
     AudioBackend *s;
-    int enabled;
+    bool enabled;
     int poll_mode;
     struct audio_pcm_info info;
 
@@ -117,8 +117,8 @@ struct SWVoiceOut {
     STSampleBuffer resample_buf;
     void *rate;
     size_t total_hw_samples_mixed;
-    int active;
-    int empty;
+    bool active;
+    bool empty;
     HWVoiceOut *hw;
     char *name;
     struct mixeng_volume vol;
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ struct SWVoiceOut {
 
 struct SWVoiceIn {
     AudioBackend *s;
-    int active;
+    bool active;
     struct audio_pcm_info info;
     void *rate;
     size_t total_hw_samples_acquired;
diff --git a/audio/audio_template.h b/audio/audio_template.h
index d621008f38..7a8c431f2d 100644
--- a/audio/audio_template.h
+++ b/audio/audio_template.h
@@ -166,10 +166,10 @@ static int glue (audio_pcm_sw_init_, TYPE) (
 
     audio_pcm_init_info (&sw->info, as);
     sw->hw = hw;
-    sw->active = 0;
+    sw->active = false;
 #ifdef DAC
     sw->total_hw_samples_mixed = 0;
-    sw->empty = 1;
+    sw->empty = true;
 #endif
 
     if (sw->info.is_float) {
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ SW *glue (AUD_open_, TYPE) (
     return NULL;
 }
 
-int glue (AUD_is_active_, TYPE) (SW *sw)
+bool glue(AUD_is_active_, TYPE)(SW *sw)
 {
     return sw ? sw->active : 0;
 }
diff --git a/include/qemu/audio.h b/include/qemu/audio.h
index 78c27462ba..a857955f51 100644
--- a/include/qemu/audio.h
+++ b/include/qemu/audio.h
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ SWVoiceOut *AUD_open_out (
 void AUD_close_out (AudioBackend *be, SWVoiceOut *sw);
 size_t AUD_write (SWVoiceOut *sw, void *pcm_buf, size_t size);
 int  AUD_get_buffer_size_out (SWVoiceOut *sw);
-void AUD_set_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int on);
-int  AUD_is_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw);
+void AUD_set_active_out(SWVoiceOut *sw, bool on);
+bool AUD_is_active_out(SWVoiceOut *sw);
 
 void     AUD_init_time_stamp_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts);
 uint64_t AUD_get_elapsed_usec_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts);
@@ -139,8 +139,8 @@ SWVoiceIn *AUD_open_in (
 
 void AUD_close_in (AudioBackend *be, SWVoiceIn *sw);
 size_t AUD_read (SWVoiceIn *sw, void *pcm_buf, size_t size);
-void AUD_set_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int on);
-int  AUD_is_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw);
+void AUD_set_active_in(SWVoiceIn *sw, bool on);
+bool AUD_is_active_in(SWVoiceIn *sw);
 
 void     AUD_init_time_stamp_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts);
 uint64_t AUD_get_elapsed_usec_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, QEMUAudioTimeStamp *ts);
diff --git a/audio/audio.c b/audio/audio.c
index 4bbe6b242f..748dd0da27 100644
--- a/audio/audio.c
+++ b/audio/audio.c
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ static void audio_notify_capture (CaptureVoiceOut *cap, audcnotification_e cmd)
     }
 }
 
-static void audio_capture_maybe_changed (CaptureVoiceOut *cap, int enabled)
+static void audio_capture_maybe_changed(CaptureVoiceOut *cap, bool enabled)
 {
     if (cap->hw.enabled != enabled) {
         audcnotification_e cmd;
@@ -419,11 +419,11 @@ static void audio_recalc_and_notify_capture (CaptureVoiceOut *cap)
 {
     HWVoiceOut *hw = &cap->hw;
     SWVoiceOut *sw;
-    int enabled = 0;
+    bool enabled = false;
 
     for (sw = hw->sw_head.lh_first; sw; sw = sw->entries.le_next) {
         if (sw->active) {
-            enabled = 1;
+            enabled = true;
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ static int audio_attach_capture (HWVoiceOut *hw)
         sw = &sc->sw;
         sw->hw = hw_cap;
         sw->info = hw->info;
-        sw->empty = 1;
+        sw->empty = true;
         sw->active = hw->enabled;
         sw->vol = nominal_volume;
         sw->rate = st_rate_start (sw->info.freq, hw_cap->info.freq);
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ int AUD_get_buffer_size_out(SWVoiceOut *sw)
     return sw->hw->samples * sw->hw->info.bytes_per_frame;
 }
 
-void AUD_set_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int on)
+void AUD_set_active_out(SWVoiceOut *sw, bool on)
 {
     HWVoiceOut *hw;
 
@@ -928,7 +928,7 @@ void AUD_set_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int on)
         if (on) {
             hw->pending_disable = 0;
             if (!hw->enabled) {
-                hw->enabled = 1;
+                hw->enabled = true;
                 if (s->vm_running) {
                     if (hw->pcm_ops->enable_out) {
                         hw->pcm_ops->enable_out(hw, true);
@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ void AUD_set_active_out (SWVoiceOut *sw, int on)
     }
 }
 
-void AUD_set_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int on)
+void AUD_set_active_in(SWVoiceIn *sw, bool on)
 {
     HWVoiceIn *hw;
 
@@ -974,7 +974,7 @@ void AUD_set_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int on)
 
         if (on) {
             if (!hw->enabled) {
-                hw->enabled = 1;
+                hw->enabled = true;
                 if (s->vm_running) {
                     if (hw->pcm_ops->enable_in) {
                         hw->pcm_ops->enable_in(hw, true);
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ void AUD_set_active_in (SWVoiceIn *sw, int on)
                 }
 
                 if (nb_active == 1) {
-                    hw->enabled = 0;
+                    hw->enabled = false;
                     if (hw->pcm_ops->enable_in) {
                         hw->pcm_ops->enable_in(hw, false);
                     }
@@ -1152,8 +1152,8 @@ static void audio_run_out(AudioBackend *s)
             sw = hw->sw_head.lh_first;
 
             if (hw->pending_disable) {
-                hw->enabled = 0;
-                hw->pending_disable = 0;
+                hw->enabled = false;
+                hw->pending_disable = false;
                 if (hw->pcm_ops->enable_out) {
                     hw->pcm_ops->enable_out(hw, false);
                 }
@@ -1206,13 +1206,13 @@ static void audio_run_out(AudioBackend *s)
 #ifdef DEBUG_OUT
             dolog ("Disabling voice\n");
 #endif
-            hw->enabled = 0;
-            hw->pending_disable = 0;
+            hw->enabled = false;
+            hw->pending_disable = false;
             if (hw->pcm_ops->enable_out) {
                 hw->pcm_ops->enable_out(hw, false);
             }
             for (sc = hw->cap_head.lh_first; sc; sc = sc->entries.le_next) {
-                sc->sw.active = 0;
+                sc->sw.active = false;
                 audio_recalc_and_notify_capture (sc->cap);
             }
             continue;
@@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ static void audio_run_out(AudioBackend *s)
             sw->total_hw_samples_mixed -= played;
 
             if (!sw->total_hw_samples_mixed) {
-                sw->empty = 1;
+                sw->empty = true;
             }
         }
     }
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 32/35] audio: move capture API to own header

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

For modularity/clarity reasons, move the capture API in a specific
header.

The current audio/ header license is MIT.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 MAINTAINERS                  |  2 +-
 audio/audio_int.h            |  1 +
 include/qemu/audio-capture.h | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/qemu/audio.h         | 30 -------------------------
 ui/vnc.h                     |  2 +-
 5 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/qemu/audio-capture.h

diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index a4f650a88f..355302cac4 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -2975,7 +2975,7 @@ X: audio/paaudio.c
 X: audio/sdlaudio.c
 X: audio/sndioaudio.c
 X: audio/spiceaudio.c
-F: include/qemu/audio.h
+F: include/qemu/audio*.h
 F: qapi/audio.json
 
 ALSA Audio backend
diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index df13a466e4..5834ebea5e 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 /* #define RECIPROCAL */
 #endif
 #include "qemu/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio-capture.h"
 #include "mixeng.h"
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_GIO
diff --git a/include/qemu/audio-capture.h b/include/qemu/audio-capture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a07412db85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/qemu/audio-capture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU Audio subsystem
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+ */
+#ifndef QEMU_AUDIO_CAPTURE_H
+#define QEMU_AUDIO_CAPTURE_H
+
+#include "audio.h"
+
+typedef struct CaptureVoiceOut CaptureVoiceOut;
+
+typedef enum {
+    AUD_CNOTIFY_ENABLE,
+    AUD_CNOTIFY_DISABLE
+} audcnotification_e;
+
+struct audio_capture_ops {
+    void (*notify) (void *opaque, audcnotification_e cmd);
+    void (*capture) (void *opaque, const void *buf, int size);
+    void (*destroy) (void *opaque);
+};
+
+struct capture_ops {
+    void (*info) (void *opaque);
+    void (*destroy) (void *opaque);
+};
+
+typedef struct CaptureState {
+    void *opaque;
+    struct capture_ops ops;
+    QLIST_ENTRY(CaptureState) entries;
+} CaptureState;
+
+CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
+    AudioBackend *be,
+    struct audsettings *as,
+    struct audio_capture_ops *ops,
+    void *opaque
+    );
+void AUD_del_capture (CaptureVoiceOut *cap, void *cb_opaque);
+
+#endif /* QEMU_AUDIO_CAPTURE_H */
diff --git a/include/qemu/audio.h b/include/qemu/audio.h
index a857955f51..0ed606c9fb 100644
--- a/include/qemu/audio.h
+++ b/include/qemu/audio.h
@@ -41,30 +41,7 @@ typedef struct audsettings {
     int endianness;
 } audsettings;
 
-typedef enum {
-    AUD_CNOTIFY_ENABLE,
-    AUD_CNOTIFY_DISABLE
-} audcnotification_e;
-
-struct audio_capture_ops {
-    void (*notify) (void *opaque, audcnotification_e cmd);
-    void (*capture) (void *opaque, const void *buf, int size);
-    void (*destroy) (void *opaque);
-};
-
-struct capture_ops {
-    void (*info) (void *opaque);
-    void (*destroy) (void *opaque);
-};
-
-typedef struct CaptureState {
-    void *opaque;
-    struct capture_ops ops;
-    QLIST_ENTRY (CaptureState) entries;
-} CaptureState;
-
 typedef struct SWVoiceOut SWVoiceOut;
-typedef struct CaptureVoiceOut CaptureVoiceOut;
 typedef struct SWVoiceIn SWVoiceIn;
 
 struct AudioBackendClass {
@@ -78,13 +55,6 @@ typedef struct QEMUAudioTimeStamp {
 } QEMUAudioTimeStamp;
 
 bool AUD_backend_check (AudioBackend **be, Error **errp);
-CaptureVoiceOut *AUD_add_capture(
-    AudioBackend *s,
-    struct audsettings *as,
-    struct audio_capture_ops *ops,
-    void *opaque
-    );
-void AUD_del_capture (CaptureVoiceOut *cap, void *cb_opaque);
 
 SWVoiceOut *AUD_open_out (
     AudioBackend *be,
diff --git a/ui/vnc.h b/ui/vnc.h
index 4d8363ebf3..ec8d0c91b5 100644
--- a/ui/vnc.h
+++ b/ui/vnc.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #include "qemu/thread.h"
 #include "ui/clipboard.h"
 #include "ui/console.h"
-#include "qemu/audio.h"
+#include "qemu/audio-capture.h"
 #include "qemu/bitmap.h"
 #include "crypto/tlssession.h"
 #include "qemu/buffer.h"
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 32/35] audio: move capture API to own header

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> For modularity/clarity reasons, move the capture API in a specific
> header.
> 
> The current audio/ header license is MIT.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> ---
>   MAINTAINERS                  |  2 +-
>   audio/audio_int.h            |  1 +
>   include/qemu/audio-capture.h | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   include/qemu/audio.h         | 30 -------------------------
>   ui/vnc.h                     |  2 +-
>   5 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
>   create mode 100644 include/qemu/audio-capture.h

Good idea.

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 33/35] audio: drop needless audio_driver "descr" field

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>

Was it ever used?

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <odaki@rsg.ci.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
---
 audio/audio_int.h   | 1 -
 audio/alsaaudio.c   | 1 -
 audio/dbusaudio.c   | 1 -
 audio/dsoundaudio.c | 1 -
 audio/jackaudio.c   | 1 -
 audio/noaudio.c     | 1 -
 audio/ossaudio.c    | 1 -
 audio/paaudio.c     | 1 -
 audio/pwaudio.c     | 1 -
 audio/sdlaudio.c    | 1 -
 audio/sndioaudio.c  | 1 -
 audio/spiceaudio.c  | 1 -
 audio/wavaudio.c    | 1 -
 audio/coreaudio.m   | 1 -
 14 files changed, 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/audio_int.h b/audio/audio_int.h
index 5834ebea5e..b2b8002477 100644
--- a/audio/audio_int.h
+++ b/audio/audio_int.h
@@ -145,7 +145,6 @@ struct SWVoiceIn {
 typedef struct audio_driver audio_driver;
 struct audio_driver {
     const char *name;
-    const char *descr;
     void *(*init) (Audiodev *, Error **);
     void (*fini) (void *);
 #ifdef CONFIG_GIO
diff --git a/audio/alsaaudio.c b/audio/alsaaudio.c
index d1e4817081..89f6dad1a9 100644
--- a/audio/alsaaudio.c
+++ b/audio/alsaaudio.c
@@ -956,7 +956,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops alsa_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver alsa_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "alsa",
-    .descr          = "ALSA http://www.alsa-project.org",
     .init           = alsa_audio_init,
     .fini           = alsa_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &alsa_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/dbusaudio.c b/audio/dbusaudio.c
index 157d36428e..d729a810aa 100644
--- a/audio/dbusaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dbusaudio.c
@@ -695,7 +695,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops dbus_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver dbus_audio_driver = {
     .name            = "dbus",
-    .descr           = "Timer based audio exposed with DBus interface",
     .init            = dbus_audio_init,
     .fini            = dbus_audio_fini,
     .set_dbus_server = dbus_audio_set_server,
diff --git a/audio/dsoundaudio.c b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
index 8b773ded21..7a03d1dad8 100644
--- a/audio/dsoundaudio.c
+++ b/audio/dsoundaudio.c
@@ -685,7 +685,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops dsound_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver dsound_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "dsound",
-    .descr          = "DirectSound http://wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectSound",
     .init           = dsound_audio_init,
     .fini           = dsound_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &dsound_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/jackaudio.c b/audio/jackaudio.c
index 28face9989..7a3fcaedba 100644
--- a/audio/jackaudio.c
+++ b/audio/jackaudio.c
@@ -672,7 +672,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops jack_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver jack_driver = {
     .name           = "jack",
-    .descr          = "JACK Audio Connection Kit Client",
     .init           = qjack_init,
     .fini           = qjack_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &jack_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/noaudio.c b/audio/noaudio.c
index b136b74e26..4ed9d2156c 100644
--- a/audio/noaudio.c
+++ b/audio/noaudio.c
@@ -129,7 +129,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops no_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver no_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "none",
-    .descr          = "Timer based audio emulation",
     .init           = no_audio_init,
     .fini           = no_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &no_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/ossaudio.c b/audio/ossaudio.c
index 5ba91f6793..ab8791bece 100644
--- a/audio/ossaudio.c
+++ b/audio/ossaudio.c
@@ -779,7 +779,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops oss_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver oss_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "oss",
-    .descr          = "OSS http://www.opensound.com",
     .init           = oss_audio_init,
     .fini           = oss_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &oss_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/paaudio.c b/audio/paaudio.c
index 8eb80ede45..6b9b6d219a 100644
--- a/audio/paaudio.c
+++ b/audio/paaudio.c
@@ -922,7 +922,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops qpa_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver pa_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "pa",
-    .descr          = "http://www.pulseaudio.org/",
     .init           = qpa_audio_init,
     .fini           = qpa_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &qpa_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/pwaudio.c b/audio/pwaudio.c
index 8f6c0900c8..0fd59d9fe6 100644
--- a/audio/pwaudio.c
+++ b/audio/pwaudio.c
@@ -838,7 +838,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops qpw_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver pw_audio_driver = {
     .name = "pipewire",
-    .descr = "http://www.pipewire.org/",
     .init = qpw_audio_init,
     .fini = qpw_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops = &qpw_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/sdlaudio.c b/audio/sdlaudio.c
index 4ef73c8dfb..a7a9652d29 100644
--- a/audio/sdlaudio.c
+++ b/audio/sdlaudio.c
@@ -490,7 +490,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops sdl_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver sdl_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "sdl",
-    .descr          = "SDL http://www.libsdl.org",
     .init           = sdl_audio_init,
     .fini           = sdl_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &sdl_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/sndioaudio.c b/audio/sndioaudio.c
index f4f53b1c6f..8197b8b0b4 100644
--- a/audio/sndioaudio.c
+++ b/audio/sndioaudio.c
@@ -546,7 +546,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops sndio_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver sndio_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "sndio",
-    .descr          = "sndio https://sndio.org",
     .init           = sndio_audio_init,
     .fini           = sndio_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &sndio_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/spiceaudio.c b/audio/spiceaudio.c
index 77ba89ffaa..7db2d1f0df 100644
--- a/audio/spiceaudio.c
+++ b/audio/spiceaudio.c
@@ -316,7 +316,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops audio_callbacks = {
 
 static struct audio_driver spice_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "spice",
-    .descr          = "spice audio driver",
     .init           = spice_audio_init,
     .fini           = spice_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &audio_callbacks,
diff --git a/audio/wavaudio.c b/audio/wavaudio.c
index 4d9c921305..46460a5d57 100644
--- a/audio/wavaudio.c
+++ b/audio/wavaudio.c
@@ -205,7 +205,6 @@ static struct audio_pcm_ops wav_pcm_ops = {
 
 static struct audio_driver wav_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "wav",
-    .descr          = "WAV renderer http://wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV",
     .init           = wav_audio_init,
     .fini           = wav_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &wav_pcm_ops,
diff --git a/audio/coreaudio.m b/audio/coreaudio.m
index 8b3cd6db16..997017a1e9 100644
--- a/audio/coreaudio.m
+++ b/audio/coreaudio.m
@@ -664,7 +664,6 @@ static void coreaudio_audio_fini (void *opaque)
 
 static struct audio_driver coreaudio_audio_driver = {
     .name           = "coreaudio",
-    .descr          = "CoreAudio http://developer.apple.com/audio/coreaudio.html",
     .init           = coreaudio_audio_init,
     .fini           = coreaudio_audio_fini,
     .pcm_ops        = &coreaudio_pcm_ops,
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 33/35] audio: drop needless audio_driver "descr" field

[Philippe Mathieu-Daudé]

On 27/10/25 16:10, marcandre.lureau@redhat.com wrote:
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> 
> Was it ever used?
> 
> Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
> Reviewed-by: Akihiko Odaki <odaki@rsg.ci.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
> ---
>   audio/audio_int.h   | 1 -
>   audio/alsaaudio.c   | 1 -
>   audio/dbusaudio.c   | 1 -
>   audio/dsoundaudio.c | 1 -
>   audio/jackaudio.c   | 1 -
>   audio/noaudio.c     | 1 -
>   audio/ossaudio.c    | 1 -
>   audio/paaudio.c     | 1 -
>   audio/pwaudio.c     | 1 -
>   audio/sdlaudio.c    | 1 -
>   audio/sndioaudio.c  | 1 -
>   audio/spiceaudio.c  | 1 -
>   audio/wavaudio.c    | 1 -
>   audio/coreaudio.m   | 1 -
>   14 files changed, 14 deletions(-)

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

[PATCH v3 34/35] audio: Remove pointless local variables

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/ossaudio.c | 12 ++----------
 audio/sdlaudio.c | 12 ++----------
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/ossaudio.c b/audio/ossaudio.c
index ab8791bece..86c4805675 100644
--- a/audio/ossaudio.c
+++ b/audio/ossaudio.c
@@ -493,10 +493,8 @@ static int oss_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
 {
     OSSVoiceOut *oss = (OSSVoiceOut *) hw;
     struct oss_params req, obt;
-    int endianness;
     int err;
     int fd;
-    AudioFormat effective_fmt;
     struct audsettings obt_as;
     Audiodev *dev = drv_opaque;
     AudiodevOssOptions *oopts = &dev->u.oss;
@@ -511,7 +509,7 @@ static int oss_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
         return -1;
     }
 
-    err = oss_to_audfmt (obt.fmt, &effective_fmt, &endianness);
+    err = oss_to_audfmt(obt.fmt, &obt_as.fmt, &obt_as.endianness);
     if (err) {
         oss_anal_close (&fd);
         return -1;
@@ -519,8 +517,6 @@ static int oss_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
 
     obt_as.freq = obt.freq;
     obt_as.nchannels = obt.nchannels;
-    obt_as.fmt = effective_fmt;
-    obt_as.endianness = endianness;
 
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, &obt_as);
     oss->nfrags = obt.nfrags;
@@ -628,10 +624,8 @@ static int oss_init_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, struct audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
 {
     OSSVoiceIn *oss = (OSSVoiceIn *) hw;
     struct oss_params req, obt;
-    int endianness;
     int err;
     int fd;
-    AudioFormat effective_fmt;
     struct audsettings obt_as;
     Audiodev *dev = drv_opaque;
 
@@ -644,7 +638,7 @@ static int oss_init_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, struct audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    err = oss_to_audfmt (obt.fmt, &effective_fmt, &endianness);
+    err = oss_to_audfmt(obt.fmt, &obt_as.fmt, &obt_as.endianness);
     if (err) {
         oss_anal_close (&fd);
         return -1;
@@ -652,8 +646,6 @@ static int oss_init_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, struct audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
 
     obt_as.freq = obt.freq;
     obt_as.nchannels = obt.nchannels;
-    obt_as.fmt = effective_fmt;
-    obt_as.endianness = endianness;
 
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, &obt_as);
     oss->nfrags = obt.nfrags;
diff --git a/audio/sdlaudio.c b/audio/sdlaudio.c
index a7a9652d29..707110973a 100644
--- a/audio/sdlaudio.c
+++ b/audio/sdlaudio.c
@@ -338,9 +338,7 @@ static int sdl_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
 {
     SDLVoiceOut *sdl = (SDLVoiceOut *)hw;
     SDL_AudioSpec req, obt;
-    int endianness;
     int err;
-    AudioFormat effective_fmt;
     Audiodev *dev = drv_opaque;
     AudiodevSdlPerDirectionOptions *spdo = dev->u.sdl.out;
     struct audsettings obt_as;
@@ -360,7 +358,7 @@ static int sdl_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
         return -1;
     }
 
-    err = sdl_to_audfmt(obt.format, &effective_fmt, &endianness);
+    err = sdl_to_audfmt(obt.format, &obt_as.fmt, &obt_as.endianness);
     if (err) {
         sdl_close_out(sdl);
         return -1;
@@ -368,8 +366,6 @@ static int sdl_init_out(HWVoiceOut *hw, struct audsettings *as,
 
     obt_as.freq = obt.freq;
     obt_as.nchannels = obt.channels;
-    obt_as.fmt = effective_fmt;
-    obt_as.endianness = endianness;
 
     audio_pcm_init_info (&hw->info, &obt_as);
     hw->samples = (spdo->has_buffer_count ? spdo->buffer_count : 4) *
@@ -398,9 +394,7 @@ static int sdl_init_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
 {
     SDLVoiceIn *sdl = (SDLVoiceIn *)hw;
     SDL_AudioSpec req, obt;
-    int endianness;
     int err;
-    AudioFormat effective_fmt;
     Audiodev *dev = drv_opaque;
     AudiodevSdlPerDirectionOptions *spdo = dev->u.sdl.in;
     struct audsettings obt_as;
@@ -420,7 +414,7 @@ static int sdl_init_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
         return -1;
     }
 
-    err = sdl_to_audfmt(obt.format, &effective_fmt, &endianness);
+    err = sdl_to_audfmt(obt.format, &obt_as.fmt, &obt_as.endianness);
     if (err) {
         sdl_close_in(sdl);
         return -1;
@@ -428,8 +422,6 @@ static int sdl_init_in(HWVoiceIn *hw, audsettings *as, void *drv_opaque)
 
     obt_as.freq = obt.freq;
     obt_as.nchannels = obt.channels;
-    obt_as.fmt = effective_fmt;
-    obt_as.endianness = endianness;
 
     audio_pcm_init_info(&hw->info, &obt_as);
     hw->samples = (spdo->has_buffer_count ? spdo->buffer_count : 4) *
-- 
2.51.0

[PATCH v3 35/35] audio: Rename @endianness argument as @big_endian for clarity

[marcandre.lureau]

From: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>

@endianness is used as a boolean, rename for clarity.

Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
---
 audio/alsaaudio.c | 32 ++++++--------------------------
 audio/ossaudio.c  | 14 +++-----------
 audio/paaudio.c   |  8 ++++----
 audio/pwaudio.c   | 12 ++++++------
 4 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 47 deletions(-)

diff --git a/audio/alsaaudio.c b/audio/alsaaudio.c
index 89f6dad1a9..7d7da576dc 100644
--- a/audio/alsaaudio.c
+++ b/audio/alsaaudio.c
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ static int alsa_poll_in (HWVoiceIn *hw)
     return alsa_poll_helper (alsa->handle, &alsa->pollhlp, POLLIN);
 }
 
-static snd_pcm_format_t aud_to_alsafmt (AudioFormat fmt, int endianness)
+static snd_pcm_format_t aud_to_alsafmt(AudioFormat fmt, bool big_endian)
 {
     switch (fmt) {
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S8:
@@ -274,39 +274,19 @@ static snd_pcm_format_t aud_to_alsafmt (AudioFormat fmt, int endianness)
         return SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8;
 
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S16:
-        if (endianness) {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE;
-        } else {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
-        }
+        return big_endian ? SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE : SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE;
 
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_U16:
-        if (endianness) {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE;
-        } else {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE;
-        }
+        return big_endian ? SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE : SND_PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE;
 
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S32:
-        if (endianness) {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE;
-        } else {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE;
-        }
+        return big_endian ? SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE : SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE;
 
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_U32:
-        if (endianness) {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE;
-        } else {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE;
-        }
+        return big_endian ? SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE : SND_PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE;
 
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_F32:
-        if (endianness) {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE;
-        } else {
-            return SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE;
-        }
+        return big_endian ? SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE : SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE;
 
     default:
         dolog ("Internal logic error: Bad audio format %d\n", fmt);
diff --git a/audio/ossaudio.c b/audio/ossaudio.c
index 86c4805675..c6cad47a01 100644
--- a/audio/ossaudio.c
+++ b/audio/ossaudio.c
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ static void oss_poll_in (HWVoiceIn *hw)
     qemu_set_fd_handler(oss->fd, oss_helper_poll_in, NULL, hw->s);
 }
 
-static int aud_to_ossfmt (AudioFormat fmt, int endianness)
+static int aud_to_ossfmt(AudioFormat fmt, bool big_endian)
 {
     switch (fmt) {
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S8:
@@ -141,18 +141,10 @@ static int aud_to_ossfmt (AudioFormat fmt, int endianness)
         return AFMT_U8;
 
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S16:
-        if (endianness) {
-            return AFMT_S16_BE;
-        } else {
-            return AFMT_S16_LE;
-        }
+        return big_endian ? AFMT_S16_BE : AFMT_S16_LE;
 
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_U16:
-        if (endianness) {
-            return AFMT_U16_BE;
-        } else {
-            return AFMT_U16_LE;
-        }
+        return big_endian ? AFMT_U16_BE : AFMT_U16_LE;
 
     default:
         dolog ("Internal logic error: Bad audio format %d\n", fmt);
diff --git a/audio/paaudio.c b/audio/paaudio.c
index 6b9b6d219a..0c06a39719 100644
--- a/audio/paaudio.c
+++ b/audio/paaudio.c
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ unlock_and_fail:
     return 0;
 }
 
-static pa_sample_format_t audfmt_to_pa (AudioFormat afmt, int endianness)
+static pa_sample_format_t audfmt_to_pa(AudioFormat afmt, bool big_endian)
 {
     int format;
 
@@ -327,14 +327,14 @@ static pa_sample_format_t audfmt_to_pa (AudioFormat afmt, int endianness)
         break;
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S16:
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_U16:
-        format = endianness ? PA_SAMPLE_S16BE : PA_SAMPLE_S16LE;
+        format = big_endian ? PA_SAMPLE_S16BE : PA_SAMPLE_S16LE;
         break;
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S32:
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_U32:
-        format = endianness ? PA_SAMPLE_S32BE : PA_SAMPLE_S32LE;
+        format = big_endian ? PA_SAMPLE_S32BE : PA_SAMPLE_S32LE;
         break;
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_F32:
-        format = endianness ? PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32BE : PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE;
+        format = big_endian ? PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32BE : PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE;
         break;
     default:
         dolog ("Internal logic error: Bad audio format %d\n", afmt);
diff --git a/audio/pwaudio.c b/audio/pwaudio.c
index 0fd59d9fe6..30f717ccac 100644
--- a/audio/pwaudio.c
+++ b/audio/pwaudio.c
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ done_unlock:
 }
 
 static int
-audfmt_to_pw(AudioFormat fmt, int endianness)
+audfmt_to_pw(AudioFormat fmt, bool big_endian)
 {
     int format;
 
@@ -336,19 +336,19 @@ audfmt_to_pw(AudioFormat fmt, int endianness)
         format = SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U8;
         break;
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S16:
-        format = endianness ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S16_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S16_LE;
+        format = big_endian ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S16_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S16_LE;
         break;
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_U16:
-        format = endianness ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U16_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U16_LE;
+        format = big_endian ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U16_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U16_LE;
         break;
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_S32:
-        format = endianness ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S32_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S32_LE;
+        format = big_endian ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S32_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_S32_LE;
         break;
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_U32:
-        format = endianness ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U32_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U32_LE;
+        format = big_endian ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U32_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_U32_LE;
         break;
     case AUDIO_FORMAT_F32:
-        format = endianness ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_F32_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_F32_LE;
+        format = big_endian ? SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_F32_BE : SPA_AUDIO_FORMAT_F32_LE;
         break;
     default:
         dolog("Internal logic error: Bad audio format %d\n", fmt);
-- 
2.51.0

Re: [PATCH v3 00/35] Audio clean-ups

[Marc-André Lureau]

Hi

On Mon, Oct 27, 2025 at 7:13 PM <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> From: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
>
> Hi,
>
> This is part of continuous and overdue clean up / modernization effort for the
> audio subsystem. (there is more in the pipe)
>
> v3:
> - rebased and dropped applied patches
> - fix some checkpatch formatting errors
> - tweak commit message
> - added r-b tags
>
> v2:
> - renamed AudioBE AudioBackend
> - "qdev: add qdev_find_default_bus()" report different error for full bus
> - added "remove QEMUSoundCard" & drop AudioFE renaming patch
> - added "docs: Update mentions of removed '-soundhw' command line option" patch from philmd
> - added r-b tags
>
> thanks
>
> Marc-André Lureau (33):
>   qdev: add qdev_find_default_bus()
>   hw/audio: look up the default bus from the device class
>   audio: rename audio_define->audio_add_audiodev()
>   hw/audio: use better naming for -audio model handling code
>   hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci: remove custom model callback
>   hw/audio: simplify 'hda' audio init code
>   hw/audio: generalize audio_model.init()
>   hw/audio: drop audio_model.isa
>   audio: start making AudioState a QOM Object
>   audio: register backends in /audiodevs container
>   audio: use /audiodevs QOM container
>   audio/paaudio: remove needless return value
>   audio/dsound: simplify init()
>   audio/dsound: report init error via **errp
>   audio: simplify audio_driver_init()
>   audio: move period tick initialization
>   audio: drop needless error message
>   audio: keep vmstate handle with AudioState
>   audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState
>   audio: initialize card_head during object init
>   audio: remove some needless headers
>   audio: remove AUDIO_HOST_ENDIANNESS
>   audio: introduce AUD_set_volume_{in,out}_lr()
>   audio/replay: fix type punning
>   audio: move internal APIs to audio_int.h
>   audio: rename AudioState -> AudioBackend
>   audio: remove QEMUSoundCard
>   audio/dbus: use a helper function to set the backend dbus server
>   audio: move audio.h under include/qemu/
>   audio: remove dependency on spice header
>   audio: cleanup, use bool for booleans
>   audio: move capture API to own header
>   audio: drop needless audio_driver "descr" field
>
> Philippe Mathieu-Daudé (2):
>   audio: Remove pointless local variables
>   audio: Rename @endianness argument as @big_endian for clarity

Only 3/4 patches are missing reviews:

audio: register and unregister vmstate with AudioState
audio: remove QEMUSoundCard
audio/dbus: use a helper function to set the backend dbus server
audio: move capture API to own header

thanks for the help!


>
>  MAINTAINERS                                   |   1 +
>  audio/audio_int.h                             |  67 ++--
>  audio/audio_template.h                        |  44 ++-
>  audio/mixeng.h                                |   1 -
>  hw/audio/lm4549.h                             |   4 +-
>  include/hw/audio/asc.h                        |   4 +-
>  include/hw/audio/model.h                      |  14 +
>  include/hw/audio/soundhw.h                    |  13 -
>  include/hw/audio/virtio-snd.h                 |   4 +-
>  include/hw/display/xlnx_dp.h                  |   4 +-
>  include/hw/isa/vt82c686.h                     |   4 +-
>  include/hw/qdev-properties-system.h           |   2 +-
>  include/monitor/qdev.h                        |   3 +
>  include/qemu/audio-capture.h                  |  43 +++
>  {audio => include/qemu}/audio.h               | 137 +++-----
>  include/system/replay.h                       |   3 +-
>  ui/vnc.h                                      |   4 +-
>  audio/alsaaudio.c                             |  37 +--
>  audio/audio-hmp-cmds.c                        |   4 +-
>  audio/audio.c                                 | 313 +++++++++---------
>  audio/audio_win_int.c                         |   2 +-
>  audio/dbusaudio.c                             |  20 +-
>  audio/dsoundaudio.c                           | 213 +++++-------
>  audio/jackaudio.c                             |   3 +-
>  audio/mixeng.c                                |  12 +-
>  audio/noaudio.c                               |   5 +-
>  audio/ossaudio.c                              |  33 +-
>  audio/paaudio.c                               |  24 +-
>  audio/pwaudio.c                               |  15 +-
>  audio/sdlaudio.c                              |  15 +-
>  audio/sndioaudio.c                            |   3 +-
>  audio/spiceaudio.c                            |   7 +-
>  audio/wavaudio.c                              |   6 +-
>  audio/wavcapture.c                            |   5 +-
>  hw/arm/integratorcp.c                         |   2 +-
>  hw/arm/musicpal.c                             |   2 +-
>  hw/arm/realview.c                             |   2 +-
>  hw/arm/versatilepb.c                          |   2 +-
>  hw/arm/vexpress.c                             |   2 +-
>  hw/arm/xlnx-zcu102.c                          |   2 +-
>  hw/audio/ac97.c                               |  36 +-
>  hw/audio/adlib.c                              |  17 +-
>  hw/audio/asc.c                                |  15 +-
>  hw/audio/cs4231a.c                            |  16 +-
>  hw/audio/es1370.c                             |  30 +-
>  hw/audio/gus.c                                |  17 +-
>  hw/audio/hda-codec.c                          |  21 +-
>  hw/audio/intel-hda.c                          |  22 +-
>  hw/audio/lm4549.c                             |  12 +-
>  hw/audio/marvell_88w8618.c                    |   2 +-
>  hw/audio/{soundhw.c => model.c}               |  86 ++---
>  hw/audio/pcspk.c                              |  13 +-
>  hw/audio/pl041.c                              |   2 +-
>  hw/audio/sb16.c                               |  23 +-
>  hw/audio/via-ac97.c                           |  11 +-
>  hw/audio/virtio-snd-pci.c                     |  18 +-
>  hw/audio/virtio-snd.c                         |  17 +-
>  hw/audio/wm8750.c                             |  37 +--
>  hw/core/machine.c                             |   4 +-
>  hw/core/qdev-properties-system.c              |  17 +-
>  hw/display/xlnx_dp.c                          |   8 +-
>  hw/ppc/prep.c                                 |   2 +-
>  hw/usb/dev-audio.c                            |  17 +-
>  qom/object.c                                  |   1 +
>  replay/replay-audio.c                         |   4 +-
>  replay/stubs-system.c                         |   2 +-
>  system/qdev-monitor.c                         |  25 +-
>  system/runstate.c                             |   2 +-
>  system/vl.c                                   |  14 +-
>  ui/dbus.c                                     |  13 +-
>  ui/vnc.c                                      |  10 +-
>  audio/coreaudio.m                             |   3 +-
>  audio/meson.build                             |   2 +-
>  hw/audio/meson.build                          |   2 +-
>  .../codeconverter/test_regexps.py             |   4 +-
>  75 files changed, 758 insertions(+), 848 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 include/hw/audio/model.h
>  delete mode 100644 include/hw/audio/soundhw.h
>  create mode 100644 include/qemu/audio-capture.h
>  rename {audio => include/qemu}/audio.h (50%)
>  rename hw/audio/{soundhw.c => model.c} (54%)
>
> --
> 2.51.0
>
>


-- 
Marc-André Lureau