[PATCH 0/1] [RISCV/RVV] Generate strided vector loads/stores with tcg nodes.

[PATCH 0/1] [RISCV/RVV] Generate strided vector loads/stores with tcg nodes.

[Paolo Savini]

The value of the stride of the strided vector loads and stores is known only
at execution time and this value determines the location of each vector element
to load/store.
It is then not possible to improve the performance of the emulation of such
instructions by attempting to load/store multiple element at once while leaving
the interleaved memory areas untouched.
The previous implementation of the helper function then is a simple loop that
calculates the address of each element before fetching it.
This patch proposes an implementation of such loop in TCG nodes so to both
preserve the correct functionality and to speed up the emulation time by
removing the need to call for a helper function.

The former helper function remains as it is used also by other instructions.

Cc: Richard Handerson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>
Cc: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Cc: Bin Meng <bmeng.cn@gmail.com>
Cc: Weiwei Li <liwei1518@gmail.com>
Cc: Daniel Henrique Barboza <dbarboza@ventanamicro.com>
Cc: Liu Zhiwei <zhiwei_liu@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Helene Chelin <helene.chelin@embecosm.com>
Cc: Nathan Egge <negge@google.com>
Cc: Max Chou <max.chou@sifive.com>
Cc: Jeremy Bennett <jeremy.bennett@embecosm.com>
Cc: Craig Blackmore <craig.blackmore@embecosm.com>


Paolo Savini (1):
  [RISC-V/RVV] Generate strided vector loads/stores with tcg nodes.

 target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc | 294 ++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 244 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

-- 
2.34.1

[PATCH 1/1] [RISC-V/RVV] Generate strided vector loads/stores with tcg nodes.

[Paolo Savini]

This commit improves the performance of QEMU when emulating strided vector
loads and stores by substituting the call for the helper function with the
generation of equivalend TCG operations.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Savini <paolo.savini@embecosm.com>
---
 target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc | 294 ++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 244 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

diff --git a/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc b/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc
index b9883a5d32..01798b0f7f 100644
--- a/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc
+++ b/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc
@@ -802,32 +802,257 @@ GEN_VEXT_TRANS(vlm_v, MO_8, vlm_v, ld_us_mask_op, ld_us_mask_check)
 GEN_VEXT_TRANS(vsm_v, MO_8, vsm_v, st_us_mask_op, st_us_mask_check)
 
 /*
- *** stride load and store
+ * MAXSZ returns the maximum vector size can be operated in bytes,
+ * which is used in GVEC IR when vl_eq_vlmax flag is set to true
+ * to accelerate vector operation.
  */
-typedef void gen_helper_ldst_stride(TCGv_ptr, TCGv_ptr, TCGv,
-                                    TCGv, TCGv_env, TCGv_i32);
+static inline uint32_t MAXSZ(DisasContext *s)
+{
+    int max_sz = s->cfg_ptr->vlenb << 3;
+    return max_sz >> (3 - s->lmul);
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t get_log2(uint32_t a)
+{
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (; a > 0;) {
+        a >>= 1;
+        i++;
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+typedef void gen_tl_store(TCGv, TCGv_ptr, tcg_target_long);
+typedef void gen_tl_load(TCGv, TCGv_ptr, tcg_target_long);
 
 static bool ldst_stride_trans(uint32_t vd, uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2,
-                              uint32_t data, gen_helper_ldst_stride *fn,
-                              DisasContext *s)
+                              uint32_t data, DisasContext *s, bool is_load)
 {
-    TCGv_ptr dest, mask;
-    TCGv base, stride;
-    TCGv_i32 desc;
+    if (!s->vstart_eq_zero) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    dest = tcg_temp_new_ptr();
-    mask = tcg_temp_new_ptr();
-    base = get_gpr(s, rs1, EXT_NONE);
-    stride = get_gpr(s, rs2, EXT_NONE);
-    desc = tcg_constant_i32(simd_desc(s->cfg_ptr->vlenb,
-                                      s->cfg_ptr->vlenb, data));
+    TCGv addr = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv base = get_gpr(s, rs1, EXT_NONE);
+    TCGv stride = get_gpr(s, rs2, EXT_NONE);
+    TCGv dest = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv mask = tcg_temp_new();
+
+    uint32_t nf = FIELD_EX32(data, VDATA, NF);
+    uint32_t vm = FIELD_EX32(data, VDATA, VM);
+    uint32_t max_elems = MAXSZ(s) >> s->sew;
+    uint32_t max_elems_log2 = get_log2(max_elems);
+    uint32_t esz = 1 << s->sew;
+
+    TCGv i = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv i_esz = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv k = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv k_esz = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv k_max = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv vreg = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv dest_offs = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv stride_offs = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv mask_offs = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv mask_offs_64 = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv mask_elem = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv mask_offs_rem = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv tail_cnt = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv tail_tot = tcg_temp_new();
+    TCGv tail_addr = tcg_temp_new();
+
+    TCGLabel *start = gen_new_label();
+    TCGLabel *end = gen_new_label();
+    TCGLabel *start_k = gen_new_label();
+    TCGLabel *inc_k = gen_new_label();
+    TCGLabel *end_k = gen_new_label();
+    TCGLabel *start_tail = gen_new_label();
+    TCGLabel *end_tail = gen_new_label();
+    TCGLabel *start_tail_st = gen_new_label();
+    TCGLabel *end_tail_st = gen_new_label();
+
+    /* Destination register and mask register */
+    tcg_gen_addi_tl(dest, (TCGv)tcg_env, vreg_ofs(s, vd));
+    tcg_gen_addi_tl(mask, (TCGv)tcg_env, vreg_ofs(s, 0));
+
+    MemOp atomicity = MO_ATOM_NONE;
+    if (s->sew == 0) {
+        atomicity = MO_ATOM_NONE;
+    } else {
+        atomicity = MO_ATOM_IFALIGN_PAIR;
+    }
 
-    tcg_gen_addi_ptr(dest, tcg_env, vreg_ofs(s, vd));
-    tcg_gen_addi_ptr(mask, tcg_env, vreg_ofs(s, 0));
+    /*
+     * Select the appropriate load/tore to retrieve data from the vector
+     * register given a specific sew.
+     */
+    static gen_tl_load * const ld_fns[4] = {
+        tcg_gen_ld8u_tl, tcg_gen_ld16u_tl,
+        tcg_gen_ld32u_tl, tcg_gen_ld_tl
+    };
+    gen_tl_load *ld_fn = ld_fns[s->sew];
+
+    static gen_tl_store * const st_fns[4] = {
+        tcg_gen_st8_tl, tcg_gen_st16_tl,
+        tcg_gen_st32_tl, tcg_gen_st_tl
+    };
+    gen_tl_store *st_fn = st_fns[s->sew];
+
+    if (ld_fn == NULL || st_fn == NULL) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
     mark_vs_dirty(s);
 
-    fn(dest, mask, base, stride, tcg_env, desc);
+    /*
+     * Simulate the strided load/store with this loop:
+     *
+     * for (i = env->vstart; i < env->vl; env->vstart = ++i) {
+     *     k = 0;
+     *     while (k < nf) {
+     *         if (!vm && !vext_elem_mask(v0, i)) {
+     *             vext_set_elems_1s(vd, vma, (i + k * max_elems) * esz,
+     *                               (i + k * max_elems + 1) * esz);
+     *             k++;
+     *             continue;
+     *         }
+     *         target_ulong addr = base + stride * i + (k << log2_esz);
+     *         ldst(env, adjust_addr(env, addr), i + k * max_elems, vd, ra);
+     *         k++;
+     *     }
+     * }
+     */
+
+    /* Start of outer loop. */
+    tcg_gen_mov_tl(i, cpu_vstart);
+    gen_set_label(start);
+    tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_GE, i, cpu_vl, end);
+    tcg_gen_shli_tl(i_esz, i, s->sew);
+    /* Start of inner loop. */
+    tcg_gen_movi_tl(k, 0);
+    gen_set_label(start_k);
+    tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_GE, k, tcg_constant_tl(nf), end_k);
+    /*
+     * If we are in mask agnostic regime and the operation is not unmasked we
+     * set the inactive elements to 1.
+     */
+    if (!vm && s->vma) {
+        TCGLabel *active_element = gen_new_label();
+        /* (i + k * max_elems) * esz */
+        tcg_gen_shli_tl(mask_offs, k, get_log2(max_elems << s->sew));
+        tcg_gen_add_tl(mask_offs, mask_offs, i_esz);
+
+        /*
+         * Check whether the i bit of the mask is 0 or 1.
+         *
+         * static inline int vext_elem_mask(void *v0, int index)
+         * {
+         *     int idx = index / 64;
+         *     int pos = index  % 64;
+         *     return (((uint64_t *)v0)[idx] >> pos) & 1;
+         * }
+         */
+        tcg_gen_shri_tl(mask_offs_64, mask_offs, 3);
+        tcg_gen_add_tl(mask_offs_64, mask_offs_64, mask);
+        tcg_gen_ld_i64((TCGv_i64)mask_elem, (TCGv_ptr)mask_offs_64, 0);
+        tcg_gen_rem_tl(mask_offs_rem, mask_offs, tcg_constant_tl(8));
+        tcg_gen_shr_tl(mask_elem, mask_elem, mask_offs_rem);
+        tcg_gen_andi_tl(mask_elem, mask_elem, 1);
+        tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_NE, mask_elem, tcg_constant_tl(0),
+                          active_element);
+        /*
+         * Set masked-off elements in the destination vector register to 1s.
+         * Store instructions simply skip this bit as memory ops access memory
+         * only for active elements.
+         */
+        if (is_load) {
+            tcg_gen_shli_tl(mask_offs, mask_offs, s->sew);
+            tcg_gen_add_tl(mask_offs, mask_offs, dest);
+            st_fn(tcg_constant_tl(-1), (TCGv_ptr)mask_offs, 0);
+        }
+        tcg_gen_br(inc_k);
+        gen_set_label(active_element);
+    }
+    /*
+     * The element is active, calculate the address with stride:
+     * target_ulong addr = base + stride * i + (k << log2_esz);
+     */
+    tcg_gen_mul_tl(stride_offs, stride, i);
+    tcg_gen_shli_tl(k_esz, k, s->sew);
+    tcg_gen_add_tl(stride_offs, stride_offs, k_esz);
+    tcg_gen_add_tl(addr, base, stride_offs);
+    /* Calculate the offset in the dst/src vector register. */
+    tcg_gen_shli_tl(k_max, k, max_elems_log2);
+    tcg_gen_add_tl(dest_offs, i, k_max);
+    tcg_gen_shli_tl(dest_offs, dest_offs, s->sew);
+    tcg_gen_add_tl(dest_offs, dest_offs, dest);
+    if (is_load) {
+        tcg_gen_qemu_ld_tl(vreg, addr, s->mem_idx,
+                           MO_LE | s->sew | atomicity);
+        st_fn((TCGv)vreg, (TCGv_ptr)dest_offs, 0);
+    } else {
+        ld_fn((TCGv)vreg, (TCGv_ptr)dest_offs, 0);
+        tcg_gen_qemu_st_tl(vreg, addr, s->mem_idx,
+                           MO_LE | s->sew | atomicity);
+    }
+    /*
+     * We don't execute the load/store above if the element was inactive.
+     * We jump instead directly to incrementing k and continuing the loop.
+     */
+    if (!vm && s->vma) {
+        gen_set_label(inc_k);
+    }
+    tcg_gen_addi_tl(k, k, 1);
+    tcg_gen_br(start_k);
+    /* End of the inner loop. */
+    gen_set_label(end_k);
+
+    tcg_gen_addi_tl(i, i, 1);
+    tcg_gen_mov_tl(cpu_vstart, i);
+    tcg_gen_br(start);
+
+    /* End of the outer loop. */
+    gen_set_label(end);
+
+    tcg_gen_movi_tl(cpu_vstart, 0);
+
+    /*
+     * Set the tail bytes to 1 if tail agnostic:
+     *
+     * for (k = 0; k < nf; ++k) {
+     *     cnt = (k * max_elems + vl) * esz;
+     *     tot = (k * max_elems + max_elems) * esz;
+     *     for (i = cnt; i < tot; i += esz) {
+     *         store_1s(-1, vd[vl+i]);
+     *     }
+     * }
+     */
+    if (s->vta != 0 && is_load) {
+        /* Start of the outer loop. */
+        tcg_gen_movi_tl(k, 0);
+        tcg_gen_shli_tl(tail_cnt, cpu_vl, s->sew);
+        tcg_gen_movi_tl(tail_tot, max_elems << s->sew);
+        tcg_gen_add_tl(tail_addr, dest, tail_cnt);
+        gen_set_label(start_tail);
+        tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_GE, k, tcg_constant_tl(nf), end_tail);
+        /* Start of the inner loop. */
+        tcg_gen_mov_tl(i, tail_cnt);
+        gen_set_label(start_tail_st);
+        tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_GE, i, tail_tot, end_tail_st);
+        /* store_1s(-1, vd[vl+i]); */
+        st_fn(tcg_constant_tl(-1), (TCGv_ptr)tail_addr, 0);
+        tcg_gen_addi_tl(tail_addr, tail_addr, esz);
+        tcg_gen_addi_tl(i, i, esz);
+        tcg_gen_br(start_tail_st);
+        /* End of the inner loop. */
+        gen_set_label(end_tail_st);
+        /* Update the counts */
+        tcg_gen_addi_tl(tail_cnt, tail_cnt, max_elems << s->sew);
+        tcg_gen_addi_tl(tail_tot, tail_cnt, max_elems << s->sew);
+        tcg_gen_addi_tl(k, k, 1);
+        tcg_gen_br(start_tail);
+        /* End of the outer loop. */
+        gen_set_label(end_tail);
+    }
 
     finalize_rvv_inst(s);
     return true;
@@ -836,16 +1061,6 @@ static bool ldst_stride_trans(uint32_t vd, uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2,
 static bool ld_stride_op(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm *a, uint8_t eew)
 {
     uint32_t data = 0;
-    gen_helper_ldst_stride *fn;
-    static gen_helper_ldst_stride * const fns[4] = {
-        gen_helper_vlse8_v, gen_helper_vlse16_v,
-        gen_helper_vlse32_v, gen_helper_vlse64_v
-    };
-
-    fn = fns[eew];
-    if (fn == NULL) {
-        return false;
-    }
 
     uint8_t emul = vext_get_emul(s, eew);
     data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, VM, a->vm);
@@ -853,7 +1068,7 @@ static bool ld_stride_op(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm *a, uint8_t eew)
     data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, NF, a->nf);
     data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, VTA, s->vta);
     data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, VMA, s->vma);
-    return ldst_stride_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, data, fn, s);
+    return ldst_stride_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, data, s, true);
 }
 
 static bool ld_stride_check(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm* a, uint8_t eew)
@@ -871,23 +1086,13 @@ GEN_VEXT_TRANS(vlse64_v, MO_64, rnfvm, ld_stride_op, ld_stride_check)
 static bool st_stride_op(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm *a, uint8_t eew)
 {
     uint32_t data = 0;
-    gen_helper_ldst_stride *fn;
-    static gen_helper_ldst_stride * const fns[4] = {
-        /* masked stride store */
-        gen_helper_vsse8_v,  gen_helper_vsse16_v,
-        gen_helper_vsse32_v,  gen_helper_vsse64_v
-    };
 
     uint8_t emul = vext_get_emul(s, eew);
     data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, VM, a->vm);
     data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, LMUL, emul);
     data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, NF, a->nf);
-    fn = fns[eew];
-    if (fn == NULL) {
-        return false;
-    }
 
-    return ldst_stride_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, data, fn, s);
+    return ldst_stride_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, data, s, false);
 }
 
 static bool st_stride_check(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm* a, uint8_t eew)
@@ -1169,17 +1374,6 @@ GEN_LDST_WHOLE_TRANS(vs8r_v, 8)
  *** Vector Integer Arithmetic Instructions
  */
 
-/*
- * MAXSZ returns the maximum vector size can be operated in bytes,
- * which is used in GVEC IR when vl_eq_vlmax flag is set to true
- * to accelerate vector operation.
- */
-static inline uint32_t MAXSZ(DisasContext *s)
-{
-    int max_sz = s->cfg_ptr->vlenb * 8;
-    return max_sz >> (3 - s->lmul);
-}
-
 static bool opivv_check(DisasContext *s, arg_rmrr *a)
 {
     return require_rvv(s) &&
-- 
2.34.1

Re: [PATCH 1/1] [RISC-V/RVV] Generate strided vector loads/stores with tcg nodes.

[Daniel Henrique Barboza]

On 2/11/25 3:20 PM, Paolo Savini wrote:
> This commit improves the performance of QEMU when emulating strided vector
> loads and stores by substituting the call for the helper function with the
> generation of equivalend TCG operations.

s/equivalend/equivalent

> 
> Signed-off-by: Paolo Savini <paolo.savini@embecosm.com>
> ---
>   target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc | 294 ++++++++++++++++++++----
>   1 file changed, 244 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc b/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc
> index b9883a5d32..01798b0f7f 100644
> --- a/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc
> +++ b/target/riscv/insn_trans/trans_rvv.c.inc
> @@ -802,32 +802,257 @@ GEN_VEXT_TRANS(vlm_v, MO_8, vlm_v, ld_us_mask_op, ld_us_mask_check)
>   GEN_VEXT_TRANS(vsm_v, MO_8, vsm_v, st_us_mask_op, st_us_mask_check)
>   
>   /*
> - *** stride load and store
> + * MAXSZ returns the maximum vector size can be operated in bytes,
> + * which is used in GVEC IR when vl_eq_vlmax flag is set to true
> + * to accelerate vector operation.
>    */
> -typedef void gen_helper_ldst_stride(TCGv_ptr, TCGv_ptr, TCGv,
> -                                    TCGv, TCGv_env, TCGv_i32);
> +static inline uint32_t MAXSZ(DisasContext *s)
> +{
> +    int max_sz = s->cfg_ptr->vlenb << 3;
> +    return max_sz >> (3 - s->lmul);
> +}
> +
> +static inline uint32_t get_log2(uint32_t a)
> +{
> +    uint32_t i = 0;
> +    for (; a > 0;) {
> +        a >>= 1;
> +        i++;
> +    }
> +    return i;
> +}
> +
> +typedef void gen_tl_store(TCGv, TCGv_ptr, tcg_target_long);
> +typedef void gen_tl_load(TCGv, TCGv_ptr, tcg_target_long);
>   
>   static bool ldst_stride_trans(uint32_t vd, uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2,
> -                              uint32_t data, gen_helper_ldst_stride *fn,
> -                              DisasContext *s)
> +                              uint32_t data, DisasContext *s, bool is_load)
>   {
> -    TCGv_ptr dest, mask;
> -    TCGv base, stride;
> -    TCGv_i32 desc;
> +    if (!s->vstart_eq_zero) {
> +        return false;
> +    }
>   
> -    dest = tcg_temp_new_ptr();
> -    mask = tcg_temp_new_ptr();
> -    base = get_gpr(s, rs1, EXT_NONE);
> -    stride = get_gpr(s, rs2, EXT_NONE);
> -    desc = tcg_constant_i32(simd_desc(s->cfg_ptr->vlenb,
> -                                      s->cfg_ptr->vlenb, data));
> +    TCGv addr = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv base = get_gpr(s, rs1, EXT_NONE);
> +    TCGv stride = get_gpr(s, rs2, EXT_NONE);
> +    TCGv dest = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv mask = tcg_temp_new();
> +
> +    uint32_t nf = FIELD_EX32(data, VDATA, NF);
> +    uint32_t vm = FIELD_EX32(data, VDATA, VM);
> +    uint32_t max_elems = MAXSZ(s) >> s->sew;
> +    uint32_t max_elems_log2 = get_log2(max_elems);
> +    uint32_t esz = 1 << s->sew;
> +
> +    TCGv i = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv i_esz = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv k = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv k_esz = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv k_max = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv vreg = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv dest_offs = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv stride_offs = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv mask_offs = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv mask_offs_64 = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv mask_elem = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv mask_offs_rem = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv tail_cnt = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv tail_tot = tcg_temp_new();
> +    TCGv tail_addr = tcg_temp_new();
> +
> +    TCGLabel *start = gen_new_label();
> +    TCGLabel *end = gen_new_label();
> +    TCGLabel *start_k = gen_new_label();
> +    TCGLabel *inc_k = gen_new_label();
> +    TCGLabel *end_k = gen_new_label();
> +    TCGLabel *start_tail = gen_new_label();
> +    TCGLabel *end_tail = gen_new_label();
> +    TCGLabel *start_tail_st = gen_new_label();
> +    TCGLabel *end_tail_st = gen_new_label();

The code LGTM but IMO there's too much stuff going in the same function, as it is noticeable
by the amount of labels and tcg temps being created right off the bat.

I would divide this function in at least 2 helpers:

- static void gen_ldst_main_loop():  all the tcgops that implement the main strided
load/store loop, and all the relevant logic that is required to do so (e.g. atomicity)

- static void gen_ldst_tail_bytes(): the tcgops code in the end where the tail is set
to 1


And then ldst_stride_trans() would use the helpers. This makes the code easier to
follow up. Thanks,

Daniel


> +
> +    /* Destination register and mask register */
> +    tcg_gen_addi_tl(dest, (TCGv)tcg_env, vreg_ofs(s, vd));
> +    tcg_gen_addi_tl(mask, (TCGv)tcg_env, vreg_ofs(s, 0));
> +
> +    MemOp atomicity = MO_ATOM_NONE;
> +    if (s->sew == 0) {
> +        atomicity = MO_ATOM_NONE;
> +    } else {
> +        atomicity = MO_ATOM_IFALIGN_PAIR;
> +    }
>   
> -    tcg_gen_addi_ptr(dest, tcg_env, vreg_ofs(s, vd));
> -    tcg_gen_addi_ptr(mask, tcg_env, vreg_ofs(s, 0));
> +    /*
> +     * Select the appropriate load/tore to retrieve data from the vector
> +     * register given a specific sew.
> +     */
> +    static gen_tl_load * const ld_fns[4] = {
> +        tcg_gen_ld8u_tl, tcg_gen_ld16u_tl,
> +        tcg_gen_ld32u_tl, tcg_gen_ld_tl
> +    };
> +    gen_tl_load *ld_fn = ld_fns[s->sew];
> +
> +    static gen_tl_store * const st_fns[4] = {
> +        tcg_gen_st8_tl, tcg_gen_st16_tl,
> +        tcg_gen_st32_tl, tcg_gen_st_tl
> +    };
> +    gen_tl_store *st_fn = st_fns[s->sew];
> +
> +    if (ld_fn == NULL || st_fn == NULL) {
> +        return false;
> +    }
>   
>       mark_vs_dirty(s);
>   
> -    fn(dest, mask, base, stride, tcg_env, desc);
> +    /*
> +     * Simulate the strided load/store with this loop:
> +     *
> +     * for (i = env->vstart; i < env->vl; env->vstart = ++i) {
> +     *     k = 0;
> +     *     while (k < nf) {
> +     *         if (!vm && !vext_elem_mask(v0, i)) {
> +     *             vext_set_elems_1s(vd, vma, (i + k * max_elems) * esz,
> +     *                               (i + k * max_elems + 1) * esz);
> +     *             k++;
> +     *             continue;
> +     *         }
> +     *         target_ulong addr = base + stride * i + (k << log2_esz);
> +     *         ldst(env, adjust_addr(env, addr), i + k * max_elems, vd, ra);
> +     *         k++;
> +     *     }
> +     * }
> +     */
> +
> +    /* Start of outer loop. */
> +    tcg_gen_mov_tl(i, cpu_vstart);
> +    gen_set_label(start);
> +    tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_GE, i, cpu_vl, end);
> +    tcg_gen_shli_tl(i_esz, i, s->sew);
> +    /* Start of inner loop. */
> +    tcg_gen_movi_tl(k, 0);
> +    gen_set_label(start_k);
> +    tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_GE, k, tcg_constant_tl(nf), end_k);
> +    /*
> +     * If we are in mask agnostic regime and the operation is not unmasked we
> +     * set the inactive elements to 1.
> +     */
> +    if (!vm && s->vma) {
> +        TCGLabel *active_element = gen_new_label();
> +        /* (i + k * max_elems) * esz */
> +        tcg_gen_shli_tl(mask_offs, k, get_log2(max_elems << s->sew));
> +        tcg_gen_add_tl(mask_offs, mask_offs, i_esz);
> +
> +        /*
> +         * Check whether the i bit of the mask is 0 or 1.
> +         *
> +         * static inline int vext_elem_mask(void *v0, int index)
> +         * {
> +         *     int idx = index / 64;
> +         *     int pos = index  % 64;
> +         *     return (((uint64_t *)v0)[idx] >> pos) & 1;
> +         * }
> +         */
> +        tcg_gen_shri_tl(mask_offs_64, mask_offs, 3);
> +        tcg_gen_add_tl(mask_offs_64, mask_offs_64, mask);
> +        tcg_gen_ld_i64((TCGv_i64)mask_elem, (TCGv_ptr)mask_offs_64, 0);
> +        tcg_gen_rem_tl(mask_offs_rem, mask_offs, tcg_constant_tl(8));
> +        tcg_gen_shr_tl(mask_elem, mask_elem, mask_offs_rem);
> +        tcg_gen_andi_tl(mask_elem, mask_elem, 1);
> +        tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_NE, mask_elem, tcg_constant_tl(0),
> +                          active_element);
> +        /*
> +         * Set masked-off elements in the destination vector register to 1s.
> +         * Store instructions simply skip this bit as memory ops access memory
> +         * only for active elements.
> +         */
> +        if (is_load) {
> +            tcg_gen_shli_tl(mask_offs, mask_offs, s->sew);
> +            tcg_gen_add_tl(mask_offs, mask_offs, dest);
> +            st_fn(tcg_constant_tl(-1), (TCGv_ptr)mask_offs, 0);
> +        }
> +        tcg_gen_br(inc_k);
> +        gen_set_label(active_element);
> +    }
> +    /*
> +     * The element is active, calculate the address with stride:
> +     * target_ulong addr = base + stride * i + (k << log2_esz);
> +     */
> +    tcg_gen_mul_tl(stride_offs, stride, i);
> +    tcg_gen_shli_tl(k_esz, k, s->sew);
> +    tcg_gen_add_tl(stride_offs, stride_offs, k_esz);
> +    tcg_gen_add_tl(addr, base, stride_offs);
> +    /* Calculate the offset in the dst/src vector register. */
> +    tcg_gen_shli_tl(k_max, k, max_elems_log2);
> +    tcg_gen_add_tl(dest_offs, i, k_max);
> +    tcg_gen_shli_tl(dest_offs, dest_offs, s->sew);
> +    tcg_gen_add_tl(dest_offs, dest_offs, dest);
> +    if (is_load) {
> +        tcg_gen_qemu_ld_tl(vreg, addr, s->mem_idx,
> +                           MO_LE | s->sew | atomicity);
> +        st_fn((TCGv)vreg, (TCGv_ptr)dest_offs, 0);
> +    } else {
> +        ld_fn((TCGv)vreg, (TCGv_ptr)dest_offs, 0);
> +        tcg_gen_qemu_st_tl(vreg, addr, s->mem_idx,
> +                           MO_LE | s->sew | atomicity);
> +    }
> +    /*
> +     * We don't execute the load/store above if the element was inactive.
> +     * We jump instead directly to incrementing k and continuing the loop.
> +     */
> +    if (!vm && s->vma) {
> +        gen_set_label(inc_k);
> +    }
> +    tcg_gen_addi_tl(k, k, 1);
> +    tcg_gen_br(start_k);
> +    /* End of the inner loop. */
> +    gen_set_label(end_k);
> +
> +    tcg_gen_addi_tl(i, i, 1);
> +    tcg_gen_mov_tl(cpu_vstart, i);
> +    tcg_gen_br(start);
> +
> +    /* End of the outer loop. */
> +    gen_set_label(end);
> +
> +    tcg_gen_movi_tl(cpu_vstart, 0);
> +
> +    /*
> +     * Set the tail bytes to 1 if tail agnostic:
> +     *
> +     * for (k = 0; k < nf; ++k) {
> +     *     cnt = (k * max_elems + vl) * esz;
> +     *     tot = (k * max_elems + max_elems) * esz;
> +     *     for (i = cnt; i < tot; i += esz) {
> +     *         store_1s(-1, vd[vl+i]);
> +     *     }
> +     * }
> +     */
> +    if (s->vta != 0 && is_load) {
> +        /* Start of the outer loop. */
> +        tcg_gen_movi_tl(k, 0);
> +        tcg_gen_shli_tl(tail_cnt, cpu_vl, s->sew);
> +        tcg_gen_movi_tl(tail_tot, max_elems << s->sew);
> +        tcg_gen_add_tl(tail_addr, dest, tail_cnt);
> +        gen_set_label(start_tail);
> +        tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_GE, k, tcg_constant_tl(nf), end_tail);
> +        /* Start of the inner loop. */
> +        tcg_gen_mov_tl(i, tail_cnt);
> +        gen_set_label(start_tail_st);
> +        tcg_gen_brcond_tl(TCG_COND_GE, i, tail_tot, end_tail_st);
> +        /* store_1s(-1, vd[vl+i]); */
> +        st_fn(tcg_constant_tl(-1), (TCGv_ptr)tail_addr, 0);
> +        tcg_gen_addi_tl(tail_addr, tail_addr, esz);
> +        tcg_gen_addi_tl(i, i, esz);
> +        tcg_gen_br(start_tail_st);
> +        /* End of the inner loop. */
> +        gen_set_label(end_tail_st);
> +        /* Update the counts */
> +        tcg_gen_addi_tl(tail_cnt, tail_cnt, max_elems << s->sew);
> +        tcg_gen_addi_tl(tail_tot, tail_cnt, max_elems << s->sew);
> +        tcg_gen_addi_tl(k, k, 1);
> +        tcg_gen_br(start_tail);
> +        /* End of the outer loop. */
> +        gen_set_label(end_tail);
> +    }
>   
>       finalize_rvv_inst(s);
>       return true;
> @@ -836,16 +1061,6 @@ static bool ldst_stride_trans(uint32_t vd, uint32_t rs1, uint32_t rs2,
>   static bool ld_stride_op(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm *a, uint8_t eew)
>   {
>       uint32_t data = 0;
> -    gen_helper_ldst_stride *fn;
> -    static gen_helper_ldst_stride * const fns[4] = {
> -        gen_helper_vlse8_v, gen_helper_vlse16_v,
> -        gen_helper_vlse32_v, gen_helper_vlse64_v
> -    };
> -
> -    fn = fns[eew];
> -    if (fn == NULL) {
> -        return false;
> -    }
>   
>       uint8_t emul = vext_get_emul(s, eew);
>       data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, VM, a->vm);
> @@ -853,7 +1068,7 @@ static bool ld_stride_op(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm *a, uint8_t eew)
>       data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, NF, a->nf);
>       data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, VTA, s->vta);
>       data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, VMA, s->vma);
> -    return ldst_stride_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, data, fn, s);
> +    return ldst_stride_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, data, s, true);
>   }
>   
>   static bool ld_stride_check(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm* a, uint8_t eew)
> @@ -871,23 +1086,13 @@ GEN_VEXT_TRANS(vlse64_v, MO_64, rnfvm, ld_stride_op, ld_stride_check)
>   static bool st_stride_op(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm *a, uint8_t eew)
>   {
>       uint32_t data = 0;
> -    gen_helper_ldst_stride *fn;
> -    static gen_helper_ldst_stride * const fns[4] = {
> -        /* masked stride store */
> -        gen_helper_vsse8_v,  gen_helper_vsse16_v,
> -        gen_helper_vsse32_v,  gen_helper_vsse64_v
> -    };
>   
>       uint8_t emul = vext_get_emul(s, eew);
>       data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, VM, a->vm);
>       data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, LMUL, emul);
>       data = FIELD_DP32(data, VDATA, NF, a->nf);
> -    fn = fns[eew];
> -    if (fn == NULL) {
> -        return false;
> -    }
>   
> -    return ldst_stride_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, data, fn, s);
> +    return ldst_stride_trans(a->rd, a->rs1, a->rs2, data, s, false);
>   }
>   
>   static bool st_stride_check(DisasContext *s, arg_rnfvm* a, uint8_t eew)
> @@ -1169,17 +1374,6 @@ GEN_LDST_WHOLE_TRANS(vs8r_v, 8)
>    *** Vector Integer Arithmetic Instructions
>    */
>   
> -/*
> - * MAXSZ returns the maximum vector size can be operated in bytes,
> - * which is used in GVEC IR when vl_eq_vlmax flag is set to true
> - * to accelerate vector operation.
> - */
> -static inline uint32_t MAXSZ(DisasContext *s)
> -{
> -    int max_sz = s->cfg_ptr->vlenb * 8;
> -    return max_sz >> (3 - s->lmul);
> -}
> -
>   static bool opivv_check(DisasContext *s, arg_rmrr *a)
>   {
>       return require_rvv(s) &&