[Question] Can I start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux(ELF format)?

[Question] Can I start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux(ELF format)?

[Kunkun Jiang via]

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Hi everybody,

I want to start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux,
which is an ELF format file. The arm_load_elf() is
implemented in arm_setup_direct_kernel_boot(). So I
thought it was supporting the ELF format file.
But there's no output.
Here is my command line:

> qemu-system-aarch64 -machine virt,gic-version=3 -enable-kvm -smp 4 -m 
> 1G -cpu host -kernel vmlinux -initrd fs -append "xxx"

Am I using it the wrong way?
Looking forward to your reply.

Thanks,
Kunkun Jiang


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Re: [Question] Can I start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux(ELF format)?

[Peter Maydell]

On Tue, 27 Feb 2024 at 14:42, Kunkun Jiang via <qemu-devel@nongnu.org> wrote:
>
> Hi everybody,
>
> I want to start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux,
> which is an ELF format file. The arm_load_elf() is
> implemented in arm_setup_direct_kernel_boot(). So I
> thought it was supporting the ELF format file.

No, you can't do this. The hw/arm/boot.c code assumes
that ELF files are "bare metal" binaries, whereas
uImage format, AArch64 Image format, and raw binary files
are Linux kernels. Only the last three kinds of files will
be started with the boot protocol the Linux kernel expects.

For AArch64, pass the -kernel option the path to the Image
file, not the vmlinux file.

thanks
-- PMM

Re: [Question] Can I start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux(ELF format)?

[Kunkun Jiang via]

Hi Peter,

On 2024/2/27 23:28, Peter Maydell wrote:
> On Tue, 27 Feb 2024 at 14:42, Kunkun Jiang via <qemu-devel@nongnu.org> wrote:
>> Hi everybody,
>>
>> I want to start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux,
>> which is an ELF format file. The arm_load_elf() is
>> implemented in arm_setup_direct_kernel_boot(). So I
>> thought it was supporting the ELF format file.
> No, you can't do this. The hw/arm/boot.c code assumes
> that ELF files are "bare metal" binaries, whereas
> uImage format, AArch64 Image format, and raw binary files
> are Linux kernels. Only the last three kinds of files will
> be started with the boot protocol the Linux kernel expects.
>
> For AArch64, pass the -kernel option the path to the Image
> file, not the vmlinux file.

Yes, it works fine using Image files.
I would also like to ask again, is it because AArch64 does not
support vmlinux, or is it because qemu does not implement
this capability?

Thanks,
Kunkun Jiang

Re: [Question] Can I start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux(ELF format)?

[Peter Maydell]

On Thu, 29 Feb 2024 at 03:01, Kunkun Jiang <jiangkunkun@huawei.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Peter,
>
> On 2024/2/27 23:28, Peter Maydell wrote:
> > On Tue, 27 Feb 2024 at 14:42, Kunkun Jiang via <qemu-devel@nongnu.org> wrote:
> >> Hi everybody,
> >>
> >> I want to start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux,
> >> which is an ELF format file. The arm_load_elf() is
> >> implemented in arm_setup_direct_kernel_boot(). So I
> >> thought it was supporting the ELF format file.
> > No, you can't do this. The hw/arm/boot.c code assumes
> > that ELF files are "bare metal" binaries, whereas
> > uImage format, AArch64 Image format, and raw binary files
> > are Linux kernels. Only the last three kinds of files will
> > be started with the boot protocol the Linux kernel expects.
> >
> > For AArch64, pass the -kernel option the path to the Image
> > file, not the vmlinux file.
>
> Yes, it works fine using Image files.
> I would also like to ask again, is it because AArch64 does not
> support vmlinux, or is it because qemu does not implement
> this capability?

As I said, it is because QEMU assumes that ELF files are
bare metal images, not Linux kernel images.

-- PMM

Re: [Question] Can I start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux(ELF format)?

[Kunkun Jiang via]

Hi Peter，

On 2024/2/29 17:44, Peter Maydell wrote:
> On Thu, 29 Feb 2024 at 03:01, Kunkun Jiang <jiangkunkun@huawei.com> wrote:
>> Hi Peter,
>>
>> On 2024/2/27 23:28, Peter Maydell wrote:
>>> On Tue, 27 Feb 2024 at 14:42, Kunkun Jiang via <qemu-devel@nongnu.org> wrote:
>>>> Hi everybody,
>>>>
>>>> I want to start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux,
>>>> which is an ELF format file. The arm_load_elf() is
>>>> implemented in arm_setup_direct_kernel_boot(). So I
>>>> thought it was supporting the ELF format file.
>>> No, you can't do this. The hw/arm/boot.c code assumes
>>> that ELF files are "bare metal" binaries, whereas
>>> uImage format, AArch64 Image format, and raw binary files
>>> are Linux kernels. Only the last three kinds of files will
>>> be started with the boot protocol the Linux kernel expects.
>>>
>>> For AArch64, pass the -kernel option the path to the Image
>>> file, not the vmlinux file.
>> Yes, it works fine using Image files.
>> I would also like to ask again, is it because AArch64 does not
>> support vmlinux, or is it because qemu does not implement
>> this capability?
> As I said, it is because QEMU assumes that ELF files are
> bare metal images, not Linux kernel images.

Sorry to bother you again. I still have a few questions.
1. What does "bare metal images" mean? Are they used in tcg mode?

2. How QEMU assumes an ELF file is a bare metal image? Can you post
the corresponding code?

3. How can I make the hw/arm/boot.c code assumes the ELF files are
Linux kernels?

Looking forward to your reply.

Thanks,
Kunkun Jiang

Re: [Question] Can I start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux(ELF format)?

[Peter Maydell]

On Tue, 5 Mar 2024 at 10:36, Kunkun Jiang <jiangkunkun@huawei.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Peter，
>
> On 2024/2/29 17:44, Peter Maydell wrote:
> > On Thu, 29 Feb 2024 at 03:01, Kunkun Jiang <jiangkunkun@huawei.com> wrote:
> >> Hi Peter,
> >>
> >> On 2024/2/27 23:28, Peter Maydell wrote:
> >>> On Tue, 27 Feb 2024 at 14:42, Kunkun Jiang via <qemu-devel@nongnu.org> wrote:
> >>>> Hi everybody,
> >>>>
> >>>> I want to start qemu-system-aarch64 with a vmlinux,
> >>>> which is an ELF format file. The arm_load_elf() is
> >>>> implemented in arm_setup_direct_kernel_boot(). So I
> >>>> thought it was supporting the ELF format file.
> >>> No, you can't do this. The hw/arm/boot.c code assumes
> >>> that ELF files are "bare metal" binaries, whereas
> >>> uImage format, AArch64 Image format, and raw binary files
> >>> are Linux kernels. Only the last three kinds of files will
> >>> be started with the boot protocol the Linux kernel expects.
> >>>
> >>> For AArch64, pass the -kernel option the path to the Image
> >>> file, not the vmlinux file.
> >> Yes, it works fine using Image files.
> >> I would also like to ask again, is it because AArch64 does not
> >> support vmlinux, or is it because qemu does not implement
> >> this capability?
> > As I said, it is because QEMU assumes that ELF files are
> > bare metal images, not Linux kernel images.
>
> Sorry to bother you again. I still have a few questions.
> 1. What does "bare metal images" mean? Are they used in tcg mode?

By "bare metal image" I mean here guest code that is expecting
to run as if it were the only thing that ever ran on the system,
so that it starts up with the CPU coming straight out of reset.
That is, it doesn't assume that it's been started via some kind
of BIOS or bootloader that sets up registers and configures the
hardware the way Linux wants to be started.

> 2. How QEMU assumes an ELF file is a bare metal image? Can you post
> the corresponding code?

It's in hw/arm/boot.c, in the function arm_setup_direct_kernel_boot().

> 3. How can I make the hw/arm/boot.c code assumes the ELF files are
> Linux kernels?

You cannot -- changing this would break QEMU's compatibility
with existing user command lines which assume they can pass an
ELF file to QEMU to get the bare-metal-bootup behaviour.

Do not try to pass a Linux kernel vmlinux ELF file to -kernel:
as I have told you, this will not work. Pass instead the
corresponding Image file. That will work and does not need
any changes to QEMU itself.

thanks
-- PMM