Re: [PATCH v13 01/17] preempt: Track NMI nesting to separate per-CPU counter

[Joel Fernandes <joelagnelf@nvidia.com>]

On Tue, Oct 14, 2025 at 09:43:49PM +0200, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> On Tue, Oct 14, 2025 at 01:55:47PM -0400, Joel Fernandes wrote:
> > 
> > 
> > On 10/14/2025 6:48 AM, Peter Zijlstra wrote:
> > > On Mon, Oct 13, 2025 at 11:48:03AM -0400, Lyude Paul wrote:
> > > 
> > >>  #define __nmi_enter()						\
> > >>  	do {							\
> > >>  		lockdep_off();					\
> > >>  		arch_nmi_enter();				\
> > >> -		BUG_ON(in_nmi() == NMI_MASK);			\
> > >> -		__preempt_count_add(NMI_OFFSET + HARDIRQ_OFFSET);	\
> > >> +		BUG_ON(__this_cpu_read(nmi_nesting) == UINT_MAX);	\
> > >> +		__this_cpu_inc(nmi_nesting);			\
> > > 
> > > An NMI that nests from here..
> > > 
> > >> +		__preempt_count_add(HARDIRQ_OFFSET);		\
> > >> +		if (__this_cpu_read(nmi_nesting) == 1)		\
> > > 
> > > .. until here, will see nmi_nesting > 1 and not set NMI_OFFSET.
> > 
> > This is true, I can cure it by setting NMI_OFFSET unconditionally when
> > nmi_nesting >= 1. Then the outer most NMI will then reset it. I think that will
> > work. Do you see any other issue with doing so?
> 
> unconditionally set NMI_FFSET, regardless of nmi_nesting
> and only clear on exit when nmi_nesting == 0.
> 
> Notably, when you use u64 __preempt_count, you can limit this to 32bit
> only. The NMI nesting can happen in the single instruction window
> between ADD and ADC. But on 64bit you don't have that gap and so don't
> need to fix it.

Wouldn't this break __preempt_count_dec_and_test though? If we make it
64-bit, then there is no longer a way on x86 32-bit to decrement the preempt
count and zero-test the entire word in the same instruction (decl). And I
feel there might be other races as well. Also this means that every
preempt_disable/enable will be heavier on 32-bit.

If we take the approach of this patch, but move the per-cpu counter to cache
hot area, what are the other drawbacks other than few more instructions on
NMI entry/exit? It feels simpler and less risky. But let me know if I missed
something.

thanks,

 - Joel