From: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
stable@vger.kernel.org, Sujit Kautkar <sujitka@chromium.org>,
Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>,
Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>,
Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>,
Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Subject: [PATCH 5.10 048/100] rpmsg: char: Fix race between the release of rpmsg_ctrldev and cdev
Date: Mon, 31 Jan 2022 11:56:09 +0100 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <20220131105222.056104924@linuxfoundation.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20220131105220.424085452@linuxfoundation.org>
From: Sujit Kautkar <sujitka@chromium.org>
commit b7fb2dad571d1e21173c06cef0bced77b323990a upstream.
struct rpmsg_ctrldev contains a struct cdev. The current code frees
the rpmsg_ctrldev struct in rpmsg_ctrldev_release_device(), but the
cdev is a managed object, therefore its release is not predictable
and the rpmsg_ctrldev could be freed before the cdev is entirely
released, as in the backtrace below.
[ 93.625603] ODEBUG: free active (active state 0) object type: timer_list hint: delayed_work_timer_fn+0x0/0x7c
[ 93.636115] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 12 at lib/debugobjects.c:488 debug_print_object+0x13c/0x1b0
[ 93.644799] Modules linked in: veth xt_cgroup xt_MASQUERADE rfcomm algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg uinput ip6table_nat fuse uvcvideo videobuf2_vmalloc venus_enc venus_dec videobuf2_dma_contig hci_uart btandroid btqca snd_soc_rt5682_i2c bluetooth qcom_spmi_temp_alarm snd_soc_rt5682v
[ 93.715175] CPU: 0 PID: 12 Comm: kworker/0:1 Tainted: G B 5.4.163-lockdep #26
[ 93.723855] Hardware name: Google Lazor (rev3 - 8) with LTE (DT)
[ 93.730055] Workqueue: events kobject_delayed_cleanup
[ 93.735271] pstate: 60c00009 (nZCv daif +PAN +UAO)
[ 93.740216] pc : debug_print_object+0x13c/0x1b0
[ 93.744890] lr : debug_print_object+0x13c/0x1b0
[ 93.749555] sp : ffffffacf5bc7940
[ 93.752978] x29: ffffffacf5bc7940 x28: dfffffd000000000
[ 93.758448] x27: ffffffacdb11a800 x26: dfffffd000000000
[ 93.763916] x25: ffffffd0734f856c x24: dfffffd000000000
[ 93.769389] x23: 0000000000000000 x22: ffffffd0733c35b0
[ 93.774860] x21: ffffffd0751994a0 x20: ffffffd075ec27c0
[ 93.780338] x19: ffffffd075199100 x18: 00000000000276e0
[ 93.785814] x17: 0000000000000000 x16: dfffffd000000000
[ 93.791291] x15: ffffffffffffffff x14: 6e6968207473696c
[ 93.796768] x13: 0000000000000000 x12: ffffffd075e2b000
[ 93.802244] x11: 0000000000000001 x10: 0000000000000000
[ 93.807723] x9 : d13400dff1921900 x8 : d13400dff1921900
[ 93.813200] x7 : 0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000000
[ 93.818676] x5 : 0000000000000080 x4 : 0000000000000000
[ 93.824152] x3 : ffffffd0732a0fa4 x2 : 0000000000000001
[ 93.829628] x1 : ffffffacf5bc7580 x0 : 0000000000000061
[ 93.835104] Call trace:
[ 93.837644] debug_print_object+0x13c/0x1b0
[ 93.841963] __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x25c/0x3c0
[ 93.846987] debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x18/0x20
[ 93.851669] slab_free_freelist_hook+0xbc/0x1e4
[ 93.856346] kfree+0xfc/0x2f4
[ 93.859416] rpmsg_ctrldev_release_device+0x78/0xb8
[ 93.864445] device_release+0x84/0x168
[ 93.868310] kobject_cleanup+0x12c/0x298
[ 93.872356] kobject_delayed_cleanup+0x10/0x18
[ 93.876948] process_one_work+0x578/0x92c
[ 93.881086] worker_thread+0x804/0xcf8
[ 93.884963] kthread+0x2a8/0x314
[ 93.888303] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18
The cdev_device_add/del() API was created to address this issue (see
commit '233ed09d7fda ("chardev: add helper function to register char
devs with a struct device")'), use it instead of cdev add/del().
Fixes: c0cdc19f84a4 ("rpmsg: Driver for user space endpoint interface")
Signed-off-by: Sujit Kautkar <sujitka@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <mka@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Stephen Boyd <swboyd@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Andersson <bjorn.andersson@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220110104706.v6.1.Iaac908f3e3149a89190ce006ba166e2d3fd247a3@changeid
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
---
drivers/rpmsg/rpmsg_char.c | 11 ++---------
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
--- a/drivers/rpmsg/rpmsg_char.c
+++ b/drivers/rpmsg/rpmsg_char.c
@@ -458,7 +458,6 @@ static void rpmsg_ctrldev_release_device
ida_simple_remove(&rpmsg_ctrl_ida, dev->id);
ida_simple_remove(&rpmsg_minor_ida, MINOR(dev->devt));
- cdev_del(&ctrldev->cdev);
kfree(ctrldev);
}
@@ -493,19 +492,13 @@ static int rpmsg_chrdev_probe(struct rpm
dev->id = ret;
dev_set_name(&ctrldev->dev, "rpmsg_ctrl%d", ret);
- ret = cdev_add(&ctrldev->cdev, dev->devt, 1);
+ ret = cdev_device_add(&ctrldev->cdev, &ctrldev->dev);
if (ret)
goto free_ctrl_ida;
/* We can now rely on the release function for cleanup */
dev->release = rpmsg_ctrldev_release_device;
- ret = device_add(dev);
- if (ret) {
- dev_err(&rpdev->dev, "device_add failed: %d\n", ret);
- put_device(dev);
- }
-
dev_set_drvdata(&rpdev->dev, ctrldev);
return ret;
@@ -531,7 +524,7 @@ static void rpmsg_chrdev_remove(struct r
if (ret)
dev_warn(&rpdev->dev, "failed to nuke endpoints: %d\n", ret);
- device_del(&ctrldev->dev);
+ cdev_device_del(&ctrldev->cdev, &ctrldev->dev);
put_device(&ctrldev->dev);
}
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2022-01-31 11:05 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 114+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2022-01-31 10:55 [PATCH 5.10 000/100] 5.10.96-rc1 review Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 001/100] Bluetooth: refactor malicious adv data check Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 002/100] media: venus: core: Drop second v4l2 device unregister Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 003/100] net: sfp: ignore disabled SFP node Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 004/100] net: stmmac: skip only stmmac_ptp_register when resume from suspend Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 005/100] s390/module: fix loading modules with a lot of relocations Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 006/100] s390/hypfs: include z/VM guests with access control group set Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 007/100] bpf: Guard against accessing NULL pt_regs in bpf_get_task_stack() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 008/100] scsi: zfcp: Fix failed recovery on gone remote port with non-NPIV FCP devices Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 009/100] udf: Restore i_lenAlloc when inode expansion fails Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 010/100] udf: Fix NULL ptr deref when converting from inline format Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 011/100] efi: runtime: avoid EFIv2 runtime services on Apple x86 machines Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-02-03 20:52 ` Pavel Machek
2022-02-03 20:59 ` Matthew Garrett
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 012/100] PM: wakeup: simplify the output logic of pm_show_wakelocks() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 013/100] tracing/histogram: Fix a potential memory leak for kstrdup() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 014/100] tracing: Dont inc err_log entry count if entry allocation fails Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 015/100] ceph: properly put ceph_string reference after async create attempt Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 016/100] ceph: set pool_ns in new inode layout for async creates Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 017/100] fsnotify: fix fsnotify hooks in pseudo filesystems Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 018/100] Revert "KVM: SVM: avoid infinite loop on NPF from bad address" Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 019/100] perf/x86/intel/uncore: Fix CAS_COUNT_WRITE issue for ICX Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 020/100] drm/etnaviv: relax submit size limits Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 021/100] KVM: x86: Update vCPUs runtime CPUID on write to MSR_IA32_XSS Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 022/100] arm64: errata: Fix exec handling in erratum 1418040 workaround Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 023/100] netfilter: nft_payload: do not update layer 4 checksum when mangling fragments Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 024/100] serial: 8250: of: Fix mapped region size when using reg-offset property Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 025/100] serial: stm32: fix software flow control transfer Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 026/100] tty: n_gsm: fix SW flow control encoding/handling Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 027/100] tty: Add support for Brainboxes UC cards Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 028/100] usb-storage: Add unusual-devs entry for VL817 USB-SATA bridge Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 029/100] usb: xhci-plat: fix crash when suspend if remote wake enable Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 030/100] usb: common: ulpi: Fix crash in ulpi_match() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 031/100] usb: gadget: f_sourcesink: Fix isoc transfer for USB_SPEED_SUPER_PLUS Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 032/100] USB: core: Fix hang in usb_kill_urb by adding memory barriers Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 033/100] usb: typec: tcpm: Do not disconnect while receiving VBUS off Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 034/100] ucsi_ccg: Check DEV_INT bit only when starting CCG4 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 035/100] jbd2: export jbd2_journal_[grab|put]_journal_head Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 036/100] ocfs2: fix a deadlock when commit trans Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 037/100] sched/membarrier: Fix membarrier-rseq fence command missing from query bitmask Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:55 ` [PATCH 5.10 038/100] x86/MCE/AMD: Allow thresholding interface updates after init Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 039/100] powerpc/32s: Allocate one 256k IBAT instead of two consecutives 128k IBATs Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 040/100] powerpc/32s: Fix kasan_init_region() for KASAN Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 041/100] powerpc/32: Fix boot failure with GCC latent entropy plugin Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 042/100] i40e: Increase delay to 1 s after global EMP reset Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 043/100] i40e: Fix issue when maximum queues is exceeded Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 044/100] i40e: Fix queues reservation for XDP Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 045/100] i40e: Fix for failed to init adminq while VF reset Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 046/100] i40e: fix unsigned stat widths Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 047/100] usb: roles: fix include/linux/usb/role.h compile issue Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman [this message]
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 049/100] rpmsg: char: Fix race between the release of rpmsg_eptdev and cdev Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 050/100] scsi: bnx2fc: Flush destroy_work queue before calling bnx2fc_interface_put() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 051/100] ipv6_tunnel: Rate limit warning messages Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 052/100] ARM: 9170/1: fix panic when kasan and kprobe are enabled Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 053/100] net: fix information leakage in /proc/net/ptype Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 054/100] hwmon: (lm90) Mark alert as broken for MAX6646/6647/6649 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 055/100] hwmon: (lm90) Mark alert as broken for MAX6680 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 056/100] ping: fix the sk_bound_dev_if match in ping_lookup Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 057/100] ipv4: avoid using shared IP generator for connected sockets Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 058/100] hwmon: (lm90) Reduce maximum conversion rate for G781 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 059/100] NFSv4: Handle case where the lookup of a directory fails Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 060/100] NFSv4: nfs_atomic_open() can race when looking up a non-regular file Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 061/100] net-procfs: show net devices bound packet types Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 062/100] drm/msm: Fix wrong size calculation Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 063/100] drm/msm/dsi: Fix missing put_device() call in dsi_get_phy Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 064/100] drm/msm/dsi: invalid parameter check in msm_dsi_phy_enable Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 065/100] ipv6: annotate accesses to fn->fn_sernum Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 066/100] NFS: Ensure the server has an up to date ctime before hardlinking Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 067/100] NFS: Ensure the server has an up to date ctime before renaming Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 068/100] powerpc64/bpf: Limit ldbrx to processors compliant with ISA v2.06 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 069/100] netfilter: conntrack: dont increment invalid counter on NF_REPEAT Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 070/100] kernel: delete repeated words in comments Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 071/100] perf: Fix perf_event_read_local() time Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 072/100] sched/pelt: Relax the sync of util_sum with util_avg Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 073/100] net: phy: broadcom: hook up soft_reset for BCM54616S Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 074/100] phylib: fix potential use-after-free Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 075/100] octeontx2-pf: Forward error codes to VF Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 076/100] rxrpc: Adjust retransmission backoff Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 077/100] efi/libstub: arm64: Fix image check alignment at entry Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 078/100] hwmon: (lm90) Mark alert as broken for MAX6654 Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 079/100] powerpc/perf: Fix power_pmu_disable to call clear_pmi_irq_pending only if PMI is pending Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 080/100] net: ipv4: Move ip_options_fragment() out of loop Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 081/100] net: ipv4: Fix the warning for dereference Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 082/100] ipv4: fix ip option filtering for locally generated fragments Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 083/100] ibmvnic: init ->running_cap_crqs early Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 084/100] ibmvnic: dont spin in tasklet Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 085/100] video: hyperv_fb: Fix validation of screen resolution Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 086/100] drm/msm/hdmi: Fix missing put_device() call in msm_hdmi_get_phy Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 087/100] drm/msm/dpu: invalid parameter check in dpu_setup_dspp_pcc Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 088/100] yam: fix a memory leak in yam_siocdevprivate() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 089/100] net: cpsw: Properly initialise struct page_pool_params Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 20:19 ` Colin Foster
2022-02-01 10:37 ` Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 090/100] net: hns3: handle empty unknown interrupt for VF Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 091/100] Revert "ipv6: Honor all IPv6 PIO Valid Lifetime values" Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 092/100] net: bridge: vlan: fix single net device option dumping Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 093/100] ipv4: raw: lock the socket in raw_bind() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 094/100] ipv4: tcp: send zero IPID in SYNACK messages Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 095/100] ipv4: remove sparse error in ip_neigh_gw4() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 096/100] net: bridge: vlan: fix memory leak in __allowed_ingress Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 097/100] dt-bindings: can: tcan4x5x: fix mram-cfg RX FIFO config Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:56 ` [PATCH 5.10 098/100] usr/include/Makefile: add linux/nfc.h to the compile-test coverage Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:57 ` [PATCH 5.10 099/100] fsnotify: invalidate dcache before IN_DELETE event Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 10:57 ` [PATCH 5.10 100/100] block: Fix wrong offset in bio_truncate() Greg Kroah-Hartman
2022-01-31 14:06 ` [PATCH 5.10 000/100] 5.10.96-rc1 review Jon Hunter
2022-01-31 20:04 ` Florian Fainelli
2022-01-31 22:17 ` Shuah Khan
2022-02-01 4:24 ` Guenter Roeck
2022-02-01 7:49 ` Naresh Kamboju
2022-02-01 12:05 ` Pavel Machek
2022-02-01 12:45 ` Pavel Machek
2022-02-01 15:41 ` Sudip Mukherjee
2022-02-02 2:34 ` Fox Chen
Reply instructions:
You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:
* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
and reply-to-all from there: mbox
Avoid top-posting and favor interleaved quoting:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posting_style#Interleaved_style
* Reply using the --to, --cc, and --in-reply-to
switches of git-send-email(1):
git send-email \
--in-reply-to=20220131105222.056104924@linuxfoundation.org \
--to=gregkh@linuxfoundation.org \
--cc=bjorn.andersson@linaro.org \
--cc=linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=mathieu.poirier@linaro.org \
--cc=mka@chromium.org \
--cc=stable@vger.kernel.org \
--cc=sujitka@chromium.org \
--cc=swboyd@chromium.org \
/path/to/YOUR_REPLY
https://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-send-email.html
* If your mail client supports setting the In-Reply-To header
via mailto: links, try the mailto: link
Be sure your reply has a Subject: header at the top and a blank line
before the message body.
This is a public inbox, see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox;
as well as URLs for NNTP newsgroup(s).