[PATCH 5.4 v2] ftrace: Fix possible use-after-free issue in ftrace_location()

[Hagar Hemdan <hagarhem@amazon.com>]

From: Zheng Yejian <zhengyejian1@huawei.com>

commit e60b613df8b6253def41215402f72986fee3fc8d upstream.

KASAN reports a bug:

  BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in ftrace_location+0x90/0x120
  Read of size 8 at addr ffff888141d40010 by task insmod/424
  CPU: 8 PID: 424 Comm: insmod Tainted: G        W          6.9.0-rc2+
  [...]
  Call Trace:
   <TASK>
   dump_stack_lvl+0x68/0xa0
   print_report+0xcf/0x610
   kasan_report+0xb5/0xe0
   ftrace_location+0x90/0x120
   register_kprobe+0x14b/0xa40
   kprobe_init+0x2d/0xff0 [kprobe_example]
   do_one_initcall+0x8f/0x2d0
   do_init_module+0x13a/0x3c0
   load_module+0x3082/0x33d0
   init_module_from_file+0xd2/0x130
   __x64_sys_finit_module+0x306/0x440
   do_syscall_64+0x68/0x140
   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x71/0x79

The root cause is that, in ftrace_location_range(), ftrace record of some
address is being searched in ftrace pages of some module, but those ftrace
pages at the same time is being freed in ftrace_release_mod() as the
corresponding module is being deleted:

           CPU1                       |      CPU2
  register_kprobes() {                | delete_module() {
    check_kprobe_address_safe() {     |
      arch_check_ftrace_location() {  |
        ftrace_location() {           |
          lookup_rec() // USE!        |   ftrace_release_mod() // Free!

To fix this issue:
  1. Hold rcu lock as accessing ftrace pages in ftrace_location_range();
  2. Use ftrace_location_range() instead of lookup_rec() in
     ftrace_location();
  3. Call synchronize_rcu() before freeing any ftrace pages both in
     ftrace_process_locs()/ftrace_release_mod()/ftrace_free_mem().

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/20240509192859.1273558-1-zhengyejian1@huawei.com

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Fixes: ae6aa16fdc16 ("kprobes: introduce ftrace based optimization")
Suggested-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Zheng Yejian <zhengyejian1@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt (Google) <rostedt@goodmis.org>
[Hagar: Modified to apply on v5.4.y]
Signed-off-by: Hagar Hemdan <hagarhem@amazon.com>
---
V1: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20241111144445.27428-1-hagarhem@amazon.com/
Changes in V2
- fix coding style
- tested before and after patch applied, no new failures
---
 kernel/trace/ftrace.c | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/trace/ftrace.c b/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
index 412505d94865..648b8677f71b 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/ftrace.c
@@ -1552,7 +1552,9 @@ unsigned long ftrace_location_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
 	struct ftrace_page *pg;
 	struct dyn_ftrace *rec;
 	struct dyn_ftrace key;
+	unsigned long ip = 0;
 
+	rcu_read_lock();
 	key.ip = start;
 	key.flags = end;	/* overload flags, as it is unsigned long */
 
@@ -1564,11 +1566,13 @@ unsigned long ftrace_location_range(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
 		rec = bsearch(&key, pg->records, pg->index,
 			      sizeof(struct dyn_ftrace),
 			      ftrace_cmp_recs);
-		if (rec)
-			return rec->ip;
+		if (rec) {
+			ip = rec->ip;
+			break;
+		}
 	}
-
-	return 0;
+	rcu_read_unlock();
+	return ip;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -5736,6 +5740,8 @@ static int ftrace_process_locs(struct module *mod,
 	/* We should have used all pages unless we skipped some */
 	if (pg_unuse) {
 		WARN_ON(!skipped);
+		/* Need to synchronize with ftrace_location_range() */
+		synchronize_rcu();
 		ftrace_free_pages(pg_unuse);
 	}
 	return ret;
@@ -5889,6 +5895,9 @@ void ftrace_release_mod(struct module *mod)
  out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&ftrace_lock);
 
+	/* Need to synchronize with ftrace_location_range() */
+	if (tmp_page)
+		synchronize_rcu();
 	for (pg = tmp_page; pg; pg = tmp_page) {
 
 		/* Needs to be called outside of ftrace_lock */
@@ -6196,6 +6205,7 @@ void ftrace_free_mem(struct module *mod, void *start_ptr, void *end_ptr)
 	unsigned long start = (unsigned long)(start_ptr);
 	unsigned long end = (unsigned long)(end_ptr);
 	struct ftrace_page **last_pg = &ftrace_pages_start;
+	struct ftrace_page *tmp_page = NULL;
 	struct ftrace_page *pg;
 	struct dyn_ftrace *rec;
 	struct dyn_ftrace key;
@@ -6239,12 +6249,8 @@ void ftrace_free_mem(struct module *mod, void *start_ptr, void *end_ptr)
 		ftrace_update_tot_cnt--;
 		if (!pg->index) {
 			*last_pg = pg->next;
-			if (pg->records) {
-				free_pages((unsigned long)pg->records, pg->order);
-				ftrace_number_of_pages -= 1 << pg->order;
-			}
-			ftrace_number_of_groups--;
-			kfree(pg);
+			pg->next = tmp_page;
+			tmp_page = pg;
 			pg = container_of(last_pg, struct ftrace_page, next);
 			if (!(*last_pg))
 				ftrace_pages = pg;
@@ -6261,6 +6267,11 @@ void ftrace_free_mem(struct module *mod, void *start_ptr, void *end_ptr)
 		clear_func_from_hashes(func);
 		kfree(func);
 	}
+	/* Need to synchronize with ftrace_location_range() */
+	if (tmp_page) {
+		synchronize_rcu();
+		ftrace_free_pages(tmp_page);
+	}
 }
 
 void __init ftrace_free_init_mem(void)
-- 
2.40.1