FAILED: patch "[PATCH] mm/khugepaged: fix race with folio split/free using temporary" failed to apply to 6.15-stable tree

FAILED: patch "[PATCH] mm/khugepaged: fix race with folio split/free using temporary" failed to apply to 6.15-stable tree

[gregkh]

The patch below does not apply to the 6.15-stable tree.
If someone wants it applied there, or to any other stable or longterm
tree, then please email the backport, including the original git commit
id to <stable@vger.kernel.org>.

To reproduce the conflict and resubmit, you may use the following commands:

git fetch https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/ linux-6.15.y
git checkout FETCH_HEAD
git cherry-pick -x 595cf683519ab5a277d258a2251ee8cc7b838d6d
# <resolve conflicts, build, test, etc.>
git commit -s
git send-email --to '<stable@vger.kernel.org>' --in-reply-to '2025062039-policy-handheld-01c6@gregkh' --subject-prefix 'PATCH 6.15.y' HEAD^..

Possible dependencies:



thanks,

greg k-h

------------------ original commit in Linus's tree ------------------

From 595cf683519ab5a277d258a2251ee8cc7b838d6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Date: Mon, 26 May 2025 18:28:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] mm/khugepaged: fix race with folio split/free using temporary
 reference

hpage_collapse_scan_file() calls is_refcount_suitable(), which in turn
calls folio_mapcount().  folio_mapcount() checks folio_test_large() before
proceeding to folio_large_mapcount(), but there is a race window where the
folio may get split/freed between these checks, triggering:

  VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_large(folio), folio)

Take a temporary reference to the folio in hpage_collapse_scan_file().
This stabilizes the folio during refcount check and prevents incorrect
large folio detection due to concurrent split/free.  Use helper
folio_expected_ref_count() + 1 to compare with folio_ref_count() instead
of using is_refcount_suitable().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250526182818.37978-1-shivankg@amd.com
Fixes: 05c5323b2a34 ("mm: track mapcount of large folios in single value")
Signed-off-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Reported-by: syzbot+2b99589e33edbe9475ca@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/6828470d.a70a0220.38f255.000c.GAE@google.com
Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Bharata B Rao <bharata@amd.com>
Cc: Fengwei Yin <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Mariano Pache <npache@redhat.com>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>

diff --git a/mm/khugepaged.c b/mm/khugepaged.c
index cdf5a581368b..7731a162a1a7 100644
--- a/mm/khugepaged.c
+++ b/mm/khugepaged.c
@@ -2293,6 +2293,17 @@ static int hpage_collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		if (!folio_try_get(folio)) {
+			xas_reset(&xas);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (unlikely(folio != xas_reload(&xas))) {
+			folio_put(folio);
+			xas_reset(&xas);
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		if (folio_order(folio) == HPAGE_PMD_ORDER &&
 		    folio->index == start) {
 			/* Maybe PMD-mapped */
@@ -2303,23 +2314,27 @@ static int hpage_collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
 			 * it's safe to skip LRU and refcount checks before
 			 * returning.
 			 */
+			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 
 		node = folio_nid(folio);
 		if (hpage_collapse_scan_abort(node, cc)) {
 			result = SCAN_SCAN_ABORT;
+			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 		cc->node_load[node]++;
 
 		if (!folio_test_lru(folio)) {
 			result = SCAN_PAGE_LRU;
+			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if (!is_refcount_suitable(folio)) {
+		if (folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1 != folio_ref_count(folio)) {
 			result = SCAN_PAGE_COUNT;
+			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -2331,6 +2346,7 @@ static int hpage_collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
 		 */
 
 		present += folio_nr_pages(folio);
+		folio_put(folio);
 
 		if (need_resched()) {
 			xas_pause(&xas);

[PATCH 6.15.y 1/2] mm: add folio_expected_ref_count() for reference count calculation

[Shivank Garg]

Patch series " JFS: Implement migrate_folio for jfs_metapage_aops" v5.

This patchset addresses a warning that occurs during memory compaction due
to JFS's missing migrate_folio operation.  The warning was introduced by
commit 7ee3647243e5 ("migrate: Remove call to ->writepage") which added
explicit warnings when filesystem don't implement migrate_folio.

The syzbot reported following [1]:
  jfs_metapage_aops does not implement migrate_folio
  WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5861 at mm/migrate.c:955 fallback_migrate_folio mm/migrate.c:953 [inline]
  WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5861 at mm/migrate.c:955 move_to_new_folio+0x70e/0x840 mm/migrate.c:1007
  Modules linked in:
  CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 5861 Comm: syz-executor280 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc1-next-20250411-syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)
  Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2025
  RIP: 0010:fallback_migrate_folio mm/migrate.c:953 [inline]
  RIP: 0010:move_to_new_folio+0x70e/0x840 mm/migrate.c:1007

To fix this issue, this series implement metapage_migrate_folio() for JFS
which handles both single and multiple metapages per page configurations.

While most filesystems leverage existing migration implementations like
filemap_migrate_folio(), buffer_migrate_folio_norefs() or
buffer_migrate_folio() (which internally used folio_expected_refs()),
JFS's metapage architecture requires special handling of its private data
during migration.  To support this, this series introduce the
folio_expected_ref_count(), which calculates external references to a
folio from page/swap cache, private data, and page table mappings.

This standardized implementation replaces the previous ad-hoc
folio_expected_refs() function and enables JFS to accurately determine
whether a folio has unexpected references before attempting migration.

Implement folio_expected_ref_count() to calculate expected folio reference
counts from:
- Page/swap cache (1 per page)
- Private data (1)
- Page table mappings (1 per map)

While originally needed for page migration operations, this improved
implementation standardizes reference counting by consolidating all
refcount contributors into a single, reusable function that can benefit
any subsystem needing to detect unexpected references to folios.

The folio_expected_ref_count() returns the sum of these external
references without including any reference the caller itself might hold.
Callers comparing against the actual folio_ref_count() must account for
their own references separately.

Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=8bb6fd945af4e0ad9299 [1]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250430100150.279751-1-shivankg@amd.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250430100150.279751-2-shivankg@amd.com
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Co-developed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@kernel.org>
Cc: Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---
 include/linux/mm.h | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 mm/migrate.c       | 22 ++++---------------
 2 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/linux/mm.h b/include/linux/mm.h
index e51dba8398f7..000a67a789ad 100644
--- a/include/linux/mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/mm.h
@@ -2306,6 +2306,61 @@ static inline bool folio_maybe_mapped_shared(struct folio *folio)
 	return folio_test_large_maybe_mapped_shared(folio);
 }
 
+/**
+ * folio_expected_ref_count - calculate the expected folio refcount
+ * @folio: the folio
+ *
+ * Calculate the expected folio refcount, taking references from the pagecache,
+ * swapcache, PG_private and page table mappings into account. Useful in
+ * combination with folio_ref_count() to detect unexpected references (e.g.,
+ * GUP or other temporary references).
+ *
+ * Does currently not consider references from the LRU cache. If the folio
+ * was isolated from the LRU (which is the case during migration or split),
+ * the LRU cache does not apply.
+ *
+ * Calling this function on an unmapped folio -- !folio_mapped() -- that is
+ * locked will return a stable result.
+ *
+ * Calling this function on a mapped folio will not result in a stable result,
+ * because nothing stops additional page table mappings from coming (e.g.,
+ * fork()) or going (e.g., munmap()).
+ *
+ * Calling this function without the folio lock will also not result in a
+ * stable result: for example, the folio might get dropped from the swapcache
+ * concurrently.
+ *
+ * However, even when called without the folio lock or on a mapped folio,
+ * this function can be used to detect unexpected references early (for example,
+ * if it makes sense to even lock the folio and unmap it).
+ *
+ * The caller must add any reference (e.g., from folio_try_get()) it might be
+ * holding itself to the result.
+ *
+ * Returns the expected folio refcount.
+ */
+static inline int folio_expected_ref_count(const struct folio *folio)
+{
+	const int order = folio_order(folio);
+	int ref_count = 0;
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_slab(folio)))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (folio_test_anon(folio)) {
+		/* One reference per page from the swapcache. */
+		ref_count += folio_test_swapcache(folio) << order;
+	} else if (!((unsigned long)folio->mapping & PAGE_MAPPING_FLAGS)) {
+		/* One reference per page from the pagecache. */
+		ref_count += !!folio->mapping << order;
+		/* One reference from PG_private. */
+		ref_count += folio_test_private(folio);
+	}
+
+	/* One reference per page table mapping. */
+	return ref_count + folio_mapcount(folio);
+}
+
 #ifndef HAVE_ARCH_MAKE_FOLIO_ACCESSIBLE
 static inline int arch_make_folio_accessible(struct folio *folio)
 {
diff --git a/mm/migrate.c b/mm/migrate.c
index 676d9cfc7059..273d46771a6c 100644
--- a/mm/migrate.c
+++ b/mm/migrate.c
@@ -445,20 +445,6 @@ void pmd_migration_entry_wait(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
 }
 #endif
 
-static int folio_expected_refs(struct address_space *mapping,
-		struct folio *folio)
-{
-	int refs = 1;
-	if (!mapping)
-		return refs;
-
-	refs += folio_nr_pages(folio);
-	if (folio_test_private(folio))
-		refs++;
-
-	return refs;
-}
-
 /*
  * Replace the folio in the mapping.
  *
@@ -601,7 +587,7 @@ static int __folio_migrate_mapping(struct address_space *mapping,
 int folio_migrate_mapping(struct address_space *mapping,
 		struct folio *newfolio, struct folio *folio, int extra_count)
 {
-	int expected_count = folio_expected_refs(mapping, folio) + extra_count;
+	int expected_count = folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + extra_count + 1;
 
 	if (folio_ref_count(folio) != expected_count)
 		return -EAGAIN;
@@ -618,7 +604,7 @@ int migrate_huge_page_move_mapping(struct address_space *mapping,
 				   struct folio *dst, struct folio *src)
 {
 	XA_STATE(xas, &mapping->i_pages, folio_index(src));
-	int rc, expected_count = folio_expected_refs(mapping, src);
+	int rc, expected_count = folio_expected_ref_count(src) + 1;
 
 	if (folio_ref_count(src) != expected_count)
 		return -EAGAIN;
@@ -749,7 +735,7 @@ static int __migrate_folio(struct address_space *mapping, struct folio *dst,
 			   struct folio *src, void *src_private,
 			   enum migrate_mode mode)
 {
-	int rc, expected_count = folio_expected_refs(mapping, src);
+	int rc, expected_count = folio_expected_ref_count(src) + 1;
 
 	/* Check whether src does not have extra refs before we do more work */
 	if (folio_ref_count(src) != expected_count)
@@ -837,7 +823,7 @@ static int __buffer_migrate_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
 		return migrate_folio(mapping, dst, src, mode);
 
 	/* Check whether page does not have extra refs before we do more work */
-	expected_count = folio_expected_refs(mapping, src);
+	expected_count = folio_expected_ref_count(src) + 1;
 	if (folio_ref_count(src) != expected_count)
 		return -EAGAIN;
 
-- 
2.43.0

[PATCH 6.15.y 2/2] mm/khugepaged: fix race with folio split/free using temporary reference

[Shivank Garg]

hpage_collapse_scan_file() calls is_refcount_suitable(), which in turn
calls folio_mapcount().  folio_mapcount() checks folio_test_large() before
proceeding to folio_large_mapcount(), but there is a race window where the
folio may get split/freed between these checks, triggering:

  VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_large(folio), folio)

Take a temporary reference to the folio in hpage_collapse_scan_file().
This stabilizes the folio during refcount check and prevents incorrect
large folio detection due to concurrent split/free.  Use helper
folio_expected_ref_count() + 1 to compare with folio_ref_count() instead
of using is_refcount_suitable().

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250526182818.37978-1-shivankg@amd.com
Fixes: 05c5323b2a34 ("mm: track mapcount of large folios in single value")
Signed-off-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Reported-by: syzbot+2b99589e33edbe9475ca@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/6828470d.a70a0220.38f255.000c.GAE@google.com
Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Bharata B Rao <bharata@amd.com>
Cc: Fengwei Yin <fengwei.yin@intel.com>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Cc: Mariano Pache <npache@redhat.com>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
---
 mm/khugepaged.c | 18 +++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/mm/khugepaged.c b/mm/khugepaged.c
index cc945c6ab3bd..fe1fe7eace54 100644
--- a/mm/khugepaged.c
+++ b/mm/khugepaged.c
@@ -2295,6 +2295,17 @@ static int hpage_collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		if (!folio_try_get(folio)) {
+			xas_reset(&xas);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (unlikely(folio != xas_reload(&xas))) {
+			folio_put(folio);
+			xas_reset(&xas);
+			continue;
+		}
+
 		if (folio_order(folio) == HPAGE_PMD_ORDER &&
 		    folio->index == start) {
 			/* Maybe PMD-mapped */
@@ -2305,23 +2316,27 @@ static int hpage_collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
 			 * it's safe to skip LRU and refcount checks before
 			 * returning.
 			 */
+			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 
 		node = folio_nid(folio);
 		if (hpage_collapse_scan_abort(node, cc)) {
 			result = SCAN_SCAN_ABORT;
+			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 		cc->node_load[node]++;
 
 		if (!folio_test_lru(folio)) {
 			result = SCAN_PAGE_LRU;
+			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 
-		if (!is_refcount_suitable(folio)) {
+		if (folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1 != folio_ref_count(folio)) {
 			result = SCAN_PAGE_COUNT;
+			folio_put(folio);
 			break;
 		}
 
@@ -2333,6 +2348,7 @@ static int hpage_collapse_scan_file(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
 		 */
 
 		present += folio_nr_pages(folio);
+		folio_put(folio);
 
 		if (need_resched()) {
 			xas_pause(&xas);
-- 
2.43.0

Re: [PATCH 6.15.y 1/2] mm: add folio_expected_ref_count() for reference count calculation

[Greg KH]

On Fri, Jun 20, 2025 at 10:28:16AM +0000, Shivank Garg wrote:
> Patch series " JFS: Implement migrate_folio for jfs_metapage_aops" v5.
> 
> This patchset addresses a warning that occurs during memory compaction due
> to JFS's missing migrate_folio operation.  The warning was introduced by
> commit 7ee3647243e5 ("migrate: Remove call to ->writepage") which added
> explicit warnings when filesystem don't implement migrate_folio.
> 
> The syzbot reported following [1]:
>   jfs_metapage_aops does not implement migrate_folio
>   WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5861 at mm/migrate.c:955 fallback_migrate_folio mm/migrate.c:953 [inline]
>   WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5861 at mm/migrate.c:955 move_to_new_folio+0x70e/0x840 mm/migrate.c:1007
>   Modules linked in:
>   CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 5861 Comm: syz-executor280 Not tainted 6.15.0-rc1-next-20250411-syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full)
>   Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2025
>   RIP: 0010:fallback_migrate_folio mm/migrate.c:953 [inline]
>   RIP: 0010:move_to_new_folio+0x70e/0x840 mm/migrate.c:1007
> 
> To fix this issue, this series implement metapage_migrate_folio() for JFS
> which handles both single and multiple metapages per page configurations.
> 
> While most filesystems leverage existing migration implementations like
> filemap_migrate_folio(), buffer_migrate_folio_norefs() or
> buffer_migrate_folio() (which internally used folio_expected_refs()),
> JFS's metapage architecture requires special handling of its private data
> during migration.  To support this, this series introduce the
> folio_expected_ref_count(), which calculates external references to a
> folio from page/swap cache, private data, and page table mappings.
> 
> This standardized implementation replaces the previous ad-hoc
> folio_expected_refs() function and enables JFS to accurately determine
> whether a folio has unexpected references before attempting migration.
> 
> Implement folio_expected_ref_count() to calculate expected folio reference
> counts from:
> - Page/swap cache (1 per page)
> - Private data (1)
> - Page table mappings (1 per map)
> 
> While originally needed for page migration operations, this improved
> implementation standardizes reference counting by consolidating all
> refcount contributors into a single, reusable function that can benefit
> any subsystem needing to detect unexpected references to folios.
> 
> The folio_expected_ref_count() returns the sum of these external
> references without including any reference the caller itself might hold.
> Callers comparing against the actual folio_ref_count() must account for
> their own references separately.
> 
> Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=8bb6fd945af4e0ad9299 [1]
> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250430100150.279751-1-shivankg@amd.com
> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250430100150.279751-2-shivankg@amd.com
> Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
> Signed-off-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
> Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
> Co-developed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
> Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
> Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@kernel.org>
> Cc: Donet Tom <donettom@linux.ibm.com>
> Cc: Jane Chu <jane.chu@oracle.com>
> Cc: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
> ---
>  include/linux/mm.h | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  mm/migrate.c       | 22 ++++---------------
>  2 files changed, 59 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
> 


<formletter>

This is not the correct way to submit patches for inclusion in the
stable kernel tree.  Please read:
    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/stable-kernel-rules.html
for how to do this properly.

</formletter>