[PATCH v3 0/4] kcov, usb: Fix invalid context sleep in softirq path on PREEMPT_RT

[Yunseong Kim <ysk@kzalloc.com>]

This patch series resolves a sleeping function called from invalid context
bug that occurs when fuzzing USB with syzkaller on a PREEMPT_RT kernel.

The regression was introduced by the interaction of two separate patches:
one that made kcov's internal locks sleep on PREEMPT_RT for better latency
(d5d2c51f1e5f), and another that wrapped a kcov call in the USB softirq
path with local_irq_save() to prevent re-entrancy (f85d39dd7ed8).
This combination resulted in an attempt to acquire a sleeping lock from
within an atomic context, causing a kernel BUG.

To resolve this, this series makes the kcov remote path fully compatible
with atomic contexts by converting all its internal locking primitives to
non-sleeping variants. This approach is more robust than conditional
compilation as it creates a single, unified codebase that works correctly
on both RT and non-RT kernels.

The series is structured as follows:

Patch 1 converts the global kcov locks (kcov->lock and kcov_remote_lock)
to use the non-sleeping raw_spinlock_t.

Patch 2 replace the PREEMPT_RT-specific per-CPU local_lock_t back to the
original local_irq_save/restore primitives, making the per-CPU protection
non-sleeping as well.

Patches 3 and 4 are preparatory refactoring. They move the memory
allocation for remote handles out of the locked sections in the
KCOV_REMOTE_ENABLE ioctl path, which is a prerequisite for safely
using raw_spinlock_t as it forbids sleeping functions like kmalloc
within its critical section.

With these changes, I have been able to run syzkaller fuzzing on a
PREEMPT_RT kernel for a full day with no issues reported.

Reproduction details in here.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250725201400.1078395-2-ysk@kzalloc.com/t/#u

Signed-off-by: Yunseong Kim <ysk@kzalloc.com>
---

Changes from v2:

	1. Updated kcov_remote_reset() to use raw_spin_lock_irqsave() /
	   raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore() instead of raw_spin_lock() /
	   raw_spin_unlock(), following the interrupt disabling pattern
	   used in the original function that guard kcov_remote_lock.

Changes from v1:

	1. Dropped the #ifdef-based PREEMPT_RT branching.

	2. Convert kcov->lock and kcov_remote_lock from spinlock_t to
	   raw_spinlock_t. This ensures they remain true, non-sleeping
	   spinlocks even on PREEMPT_RT kernels.

	3. Remove the local_lock_t protection for kcov_percpu_data in
	   kcov_remote_start/stop(). Since local_lock_t can also sleep under
	   RT, and the required protection is against local interrupts when
	   accessing per-CPU data, it is replaced with explicit
	   local_irq_save/restore().

	4. Refactor the KCOV_REMOTE_ENABLE path to move memory allocations
	   out of the critical section.

	5. Modify the ioctl handling logic to utilize these pre-allocated
	   structures within the critical section. kcov_remote_add() is
	   modified to accept a pre-allocated structure instead of allocating
	   one internally. All necessary struct kcov_remote structures are now
	   pre-allocated individually in kcov_ioctl() using GFP_KERNEL
	   (allowing sleep) before acquiring the raw spinlocks.

Changes from v0:

	1. On PREEMPT_RT, separated the handling of
	   kcov_remote_start_usb_softirq() and kcov_remote_stop_usb_softirq()
	   to allow sleeping when entering kcov_remote_start_usb() /
	   kcov_remote_stop().

Yunseong Kim (4):
  kcov: Use raw_spinlock_t for kcov->lock and kcov_remote_lock
  kcov: Replace per-CPU local_lock with local_irq_save/restore
  kcov: Separate KCOV_REMOTE_ENABLE ioctl helper function
  kcov: move remote handle allocation outside raw spinlock

 kernel/kcov.c | 248 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------------------
 1 file changed, 134 insertions(+), 114 deletions(-)

base-commit: 186f3edfdd41f2ae87fc40a9ccba52a3bf930994

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2.50.0