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Tue, 17 Feb 2026 18:22:58 +0000 (GMT) From: Farhan Ali To: linux-s390@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-pci@vger.kernel.org Cc: helgaas@kernel.org, lukas@wunner.de, alex@shazbot.org, clg@redhat.com, stable@vger.kernel.org, alifm@linux.ibm.com, schnelle@linux.ibm.com, mjrosato@linux.ibm.com Subject: [PATCH v9 0/9] Error recovery for vfio-pci devices on s390x Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2026 10:22:48 -0800 Message-ID: <20260217182257.1582-1-alifm@linux.ibm.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.43.0 Precedence: bulk X-Mailing-List: stable@vger.kernel.org List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-TM-AS-GCONF: 00 X-Proofpoint-ORIG-GUID: fSqjPOZsZ-r2a3efjqwc-AaiLdiigJPZ X-Authority-Analysis: v=2.4 cv=Md9hep/f c=1 sm=1 tr=0 ts=6994b204 cx=c_pps a=aDMHemPKRhS1OARIsFnwRA==:117 a=aDMHemPKRhS1OARIsFnwRA==:17 a=HzLeVaNsDn8A:10 a=VkNPw1HP01LnGYTKEx00:22 a=Mpw57Om8IfrbqaoTuvik:22 a=GgsMoib0sEa3-_RKJdDe:22 a=VwQbUJbxAAAA:8 a=VnNF1IyMAAAA:8 a=Qtm5l5LcizsofoGoYxAA:9 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details-Enc: AW1haW4tMjYwMjE3MDE0OCBTYWx0ZWRfX6N9E4W++JKK/ d+/whjCG5046vyyHDHUIm8YxKjtMzwUcw8YiUOvxwaWWn84+5uoQogmaO+QB2oesB7g2a080Oc/ piRDen821aaxMAlCbVq0dUvjgS1mABxRJ1GLj2e0z3TCclGzYCqx5jeZh2w3yHRhsiStpq0+PEX dpL4X3rU/qSeQFAfSlopcS+SIU/KlfRG56yqQx4u5iluynRC478DlYRoBAxn5oHtJhV4cR+znq5 0V3JhLlI4MKOtGrVFHiIzTnrSKFMCFVX4Qcdf5c2dgYY8NGLwEEFf8UN9pEIGeZuhTYZ9iIlPX0 oCur9MdVsW2BJ44qFOdbEwvmzI4U9Oyzg5fQ9PX/94kY8fVtIap7J+0sFZpptsOSAlLWBioyoCP PUnyio3Vi7cjW9j+BIIJAv8FKxnk9y4bR1LchfW/vTd9n+c/6M1JWhdh1DMAFaCebAyddzDvX3O 0D1k3piml1mKPaX179Q== X-Proofpoint-GUID: fSqjPOZsZ-r2a3efjqwc-AaiLdiigJPZ X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=baseguard engine=ICAP:2.0.293,Aquarius:18.0.1121,Hydra:6.1.51,FMLib:17.12.100.49 definitions=2026-02-17_03,2026-02-16_04,2025-10-01_01 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=outbound_notspam policy=outbound score=0 clxscore=1015 impostorscore=0 lowpriorityscore=0 spamscore=0 adultscore=0 priorityscore=1501 suspectscore=0 malwarescore=0 phishscore=0 bulkscore=0 classifier=typeunknown authscore=0 authtc= authcc= route=outbound adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.22.0-2601150000 definitions=main-2602170148 Hi, This Linux kernel patch series introduces support for error recovery for passthrough PCI devices on System Z (s390x). Background ---------- For PCI devices on s390x an operating system receives platform specific error events from firmware rather than through AER.Today for passthrough/userspace devices, we don't attempt any error recovery and ignore any error events for the devices. The passthrough/userspace devices are managed by the vfio-pci driver. The driver does register error handling callbacks (error_detected), and on an error trigger an eventfd to userspace. But we need a mechanism to notify userspace (QEMU/guest/userspace drivers) about the error event. Proposal -------- We can expose this error information (currently only the PCI Error Code) via a device feature. Userspace can then obtain the error information via VFIO_DEVICE_FEATURE ioctl and take appropriate actions such as driving a device reset. This is how a typical flow for passthrough devices to a VM would work: For passthrough devices to a VM, the driver bound to the device on the host is vfio-pci. vfio-pci driver does support the error_detected() callback (vfio_pci_core_aer_err_detected()), and on an PCI error s390x recovery code on the host will call the vfio-pci error_detected() callback. The vfio-pci error_detected() callback will notify userspace/QEMU via an eventfd, and return PCI_ERS_RESULT_CAN_RECOVER. At this point the s390x error recovery on the host will skip any further action(see patch 6) and let userspace drive the error recovery. Once userspace/QEMU is notified, it then injects this error into the VM so device drivers in the VM can take recovery actions. For example for a passthrough NVMe device, the VM's OS NVMe driver will access the device. At this point the VM's NVMe driver's error_detected() will drive the recovery by returning PCI_ERS_RESULT_NEED_RESET, and the s390x error recovery in the VM's OS will try to do a reset. Resets are privileged operations and so the VM will need intervention from QEMU to perform the reset. QEMU will invoke the VFIO_DEVICE_RESET ioctl to now notify the host that the VM is requesting a reset of the device. The vfio-pci driver on the host will then perform the reset on the device to recover it. Thanks Farhan ChangeLog --------- v8 series https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260122194437.1903-1-alifm@linux.ibm.com/ v8 -> v9 - Avoid saving PCI config space state in reset path (patch 3) (suggested by Bjorn) - Add explicit version to struct vfio_device_feature_zpci_err (patch 7). - Rebase on 6.19 v7 series https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260107183217.1365-1-alifm@linux.ibm.com/ v7 -> v8 - Rebase on 6.19-rc4 - Address feedback from Niklas and Julien. v6 series https://lore.kernel.org/all/2c609e61-1861-4bf3-b019-a11c137d26a5@linux.ibm.com/ v6 -> v7 - Rebase on 6.19-rc4 - Update commit message based on Niklas's suggestion (patch 3). v5 series https://lore.kernel.org/all/20251113183502.2388-1-alifm@linux.ibm.com/ v5 -> v6 - Rebase on 6.18 + Lukas's PCI: Universal error recoverability of devices series (https://lore.kernel.org/all/cover.1763483367.git.lukas@wunner.de/) - Re-work config space accessibility check to pci_dev_save_and_disable() (patch 3). This avoids saving the config space, in the reset path, if the device's config space is corrupted or inaccessible. v4 series https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250924171628.826-1-alifm@linux.ibm.com/ v4 -> v5 - Rebase on 6.18-rc5 - Move bug fixes to the beginning of the series (patch 1 and 2). These patches were posted as a separate fixes series https://lore.kernel.org/all/a14936ac-47d6-461b-816f-0fd66f869b0f@linux.ibm.com/ - Add matching pci_put_dev() for pci_get_slot() (patch 6). v3 series https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250911183307.1910-1-alifm@linux.ibm.com/ v3 -> v4 - Remove warn messages for each PCI capability not restored (patch 1) - Check PCI_COMMAND and PCI_STATUS register for error value instead of device id (patch 1) - Fix kernel crash in patch 3 - Added reviewed by tags - Address comments from Niklas's (patches 4, 5, 7) - Fix compilation error non s390x system (patch 8) - Explicitly align struct vfio_device_feature_zpci_err (patch 8) v2 series https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250825171226.1602-1-alifm@linux.ibm.com/ v2 -> v3 - Patch 1 avoids saving any config space state if the device is in error (suggested by Alex) - Patch 2 adds additional check only for FLR reset to try other function reset method (suggested by Alex). - Patch 3 fixes a bug in s390 for resetting PCI devices with multiple functions. Creates a new flag pci_slot to allow per function slot. - Patch 4 fixes a bug in s390 for resource to bus address translation. - Rebase on 6.17-rc5 v1 series https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250813170821.1115-1-alifm@linux.ibm.com/ v1 - > v2 - Patches 1 and 2 adds some additional checks for FLR/PM reset to try other function reset method (suggested by Alex). - Patch 3 fixes a bug in s390 for resetting PCI devices with multiple functions. - Patch 7 adds a new device feature for zPCI devices for the VFIO_DEVICE_FEATURE ioctl. The ioctl is used by userspace to retriece any PCI error information for the device (suggested by Alex). - Patch 8 adds a reset_done() callback for the vfio-pci driver, to restore the state of the device after a reset. - Patch 9 removes the pcie check for triggering VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX. Farhan Ali (9): PCI: Allow per function PCI slots s390/pci: Add architecture specific resource/bus address translation PCI: Avoid saving config space state in reset path PCI: Add additional checks for flr reset s390/pci: Update the logic for detecting passthrough device s390/pci: Store PCI error information for passthrough devices vfio-pci/zdev: Add a device feature for error information vfio: Add a reset_done callback for vfio-pci driver vfio: Remove the pcie check for VFIO_PCI_ERR_IRQ_INDEX arch/s390/include/asm/pci.h | 29 ++++++++ arch/s390/pci/pci.c | 75 +++++++++++++++++++++ arch/s390/pci/pci_event.c | 107 +++++++++++++++++------------- drivers/pci/host-bridge.c | 8 +-- drivers/pci/pci.c | 44 ++++++------ drivers/pci/slot.c | 25 ++++++- drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_core.c | 22 ++++-- drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c | 3 +- drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_priv.h | 9 +++ drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_zdev.c | 47 ++++++++++++- include/linux/pci.h | 1 + include/uapi/linux/vfio.h | 17 +++++ 12 files changed, 305 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-) -- 2.43.0