[PATCH 1/5] KVM: VMX: check validity of VMCS controls when returning from SMM

[PATCH 1/5] KVM: VMX: check validity of VMCS controls when returning from SMM

[Paolo Bonzini]

The VMCS12 is not available while in SMM.  However, it can be overwritten
if userspace manages to trigger copy_enlightened_to_vmcs12() - for example
via KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE.

Because of this, the VMCS12 has to be checked for validity before it is
used to generate the VMCS02.  Move the check code out of vmx_set_nested_state()
(the other "not a VMLAUNCH/VMRESUME" path that emulates a nested vmentry)
and reuse it in vmx_leave_smm().

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reported-by: Xinyang Ge <xinyang@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
---
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.h |  1 +
 arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c    |  4 ++++
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
index cb925cc53389..d4bc47079809 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.c
@@ -6849,13 +6849,34 @@ void vmx_leave_nested(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	free_nested(vcpu);
 }
 
+int nested_vmx_check_restored_vmcs12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+	enum vm_entry_failure_code ignored;
+	struct vmcs12 *vmcs12 = get_vmcs12(vcpu);
+
+	if (nested_cpu_has_shadow_vmcs(vmcs12) &&
+	    vmcs12->vmcs_link_pointer != INVALID_GPA) {
+		struct vmcs12 *shadow_vmcs12 = get_shadow_vmcs12(vcpu);
+
+		if (shadow_vmcs12->hdr.revision_id != VMCS12_REVISION ||
+		    !shadow_vmcs12->hdr.shadow_vmcs)
+			return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (nested_vmx_check_controls(vcpu, vmcs12) ||
+	    nested_vmx_check_host_state(vcpu, vmcs12) ||
+	    nested_vmx_check_guest_state(vcpu, vmcs12, &ignored))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int vmx_set_nested_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 				struct kvm_nested_state __user *user_kvm_nested_state,
 				struct kvm_nested_state *kvm_state)
 {
 	struct vcpu_vmx *vmx = to_vmx(vcpu);
 	struct vmcs12 *vmcs12;
-	enum vm_entry_failure_code ignored;
 	struct kvm_vmx_nested_state_data __user *user_vmx_nested_state =
 		&user_kvm_nested_state->data.vmx[0];
 	int ret;
@@ -6986,25 +7007,20 @@ static int vmx_set_nested_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 	vmx->nested.mtf_pending =
 		!!(kvm_state->flags & KVM_STATE_NESTED_MTF_PENDING);
 
-	ret = -EINVAL;
 	if (nested_cpu_has_shadow_vmcs(vmcs12) &&
 	    vmcs12->vmcs_link_pointer != INVALID_GPA) {
 		struct vmcs12 *shadow_vmcs12 = get_shadow_vmcs12(vcpu);
 
+		ret = -EINVAL;
 		if (kvm_state->size <
 		    sizeof(*kvm_state) +
 		    sizeof(user_vmx_nested_state->vmcs12) + sizeof(*shadow_vmcs12))
 			goto error_guest_mode;
 
+		ret = -EFAULT;
 		if (copy_from_user(shadow_vmcs12,
 				   user_vmx_nested_state->shadow_vmcs12,
-				   sizeof(*shadow_vmcs12))) {
-			ret = -EFAULT;
-			goto error_guest_mode;
-		}
-
-		if (shadow_vmcs12->hdr.revision_id != VMCS12_REVISION ||
-		    !shadow_vmcs12->hdr.shadow_vmcs)
+				   sizeof(*shadow_vmcs12)))
 			goto error_guest_mode;
 	}
 
@@ -7015,9 +7031,8 @@ static int vmx_set_nested_state(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 			kvm_state->hdr.vmx.preemption_timer_deadline;
 	}
 
-	if (nested_vmx_check_controls(vcpu, vmcs12) ||
-	    nested_vmx_check_host_state(vcpu, vmcs12) ||
-	    nested_vmx_check_guest_state(vcpu, vmcs12, &ignored))
+	ret = nested_vmx_check_restored_vmcs12(vcpu);
+	if (ret < 0)
 		goto error_guest_mode;
 
 	vmx->nested.dirty_vmcs12 = true;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.h b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.h
index b844c5d59025..213a448104af 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/nested.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ void nested_vmx_setup_ctls_msrs(struct vmcs_config *vmcs_conf, u32 ept_caps);
 void nested_vmx_hardware_unsetup(void);
 __init int nested_vmx_hardware_setup(int (*exit_handlers[])(struct kvm_vcpu *));
 void nested_vmx_set_vmcs_shadowing_bitmap(void);
+int nested_vmx_check_restored_vmcs12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 void nested_vmx_free_vcpu(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 enum nvmx_vmentry_status nested_vmx_enter_non_root_mode(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
 						     bool from_vmentry);
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
index 48f0e426a8a2..e9fa59e92548 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/vmx/vmx.c
@@ -8540,6 +8540,10 @@ int vmx_leave_smm(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, const union kvm_smram *smram)
 	}
 
 	if (vmx->nested.smm.guest_mode) {
+		/* Triple fault if the state is invalid.  */
+		if (nested_vmx_check_restored_vmcs12(vcpu) < 0)
+			return 1;
+
 		ret = nested_vmx_enter_non_root_mode(vcpu, false);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH 2/5] KVM: SVM: check validity of VMCB when returning from SMM

[Paolo Bonzini]

The VMCB12 is stored in guest memory and can be mangled while in SMM; it
is then reloaded by svm_leave_smm(), but it is not checked again for
validity.

Move the check code out of vmx_set_nested_state()
(the other "not a VMLAUNCH/VMRESUME" path that emulates a nested vmentry)
and reuse it in svm_leave_smm().

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
---
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c | 12 ++++++++++--
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c    |  4 ++++
 arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h    |  1 +
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
index 7b61124051a7..de9906adb73b 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
@@ -419,6 +419,15 @@ static bool nested_vmcb_check_controls(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	return __nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu, ctl);
 }
 
+int nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+	if (!nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) ||
+	    !nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * If a feature is not advertised to L1, clear the corresponding vmcb12
  * intercept.
@@ -1034,8 +1043,7 @@ int nested_svm_vmrun(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
 	nested_copy_vmcb_control_to_cache(svm, &vmcb12->control);
 	nested_copy_vmcb_save_to_cache(svm, &vmcb12->save);
 
-	if (!nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) ||
-	    !nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu)) {
+	if (nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(vcpu) < 0) {
 		vmcb12->control.exit_code    = SVM_EXIT_ERR;
 		vmcb12->control.exit_info_1  = 0;
 		vmcb12->control.exit_info_2  = 0;
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
index 477fda63653b..95495048902c 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
@@ -4890,6 +4890,10 @@ static int svm_leave_smm(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, const union kvm_smram *smram)
 	vmcb12 = map.hva;
 	nested_copy_vmcb_control_to_cache(svm, &vmcb12->control);
 	nested_copy_vmcb_save_to_cache(svm, &vmcb12->save);
+
+	if (nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(vcpu) < 0)
+		goto unmap_save;
+
 	ret = enter_svm_guest_mode(vcpu, smram64->svm_guest_vmcb_gpa, vmcb12, false);
 
 	if (ret)
diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
index ebd7b36b1ceb..6942e6b0eda6 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
+++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
@@ -797,6 +797,7 @@ static inline int nested_svm_simple_vmexit(struct vcpu_svm *svm, u32 exit_code)
 
 int nested_svm_exit_handled(struct vcpu_svm *svm);
 int nested_svm_check_permissions(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+int nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
 int nested_svm_check_exception(struct vcpu_svm *svm, unsigned nr,
 			       bool has_error_code, u32 error_code);
 int nested_svm_exit_special(struct vcpu_svm *svm);
-- 
2.53.0

Re: [PATCH 2/5] KVM: SVM: check validity of VMCB when returning from SMM

[Yosry Ahmed]

On Tue, Mar 10, 2026 at 1:24 PM Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> wrote:
>
> The VMCB12 is stored in guest memory and can be mangled while in SMM; it
> is then reloaded by svm_leave_smm(), but it is not checked again for
> validity.
>
> Move the check code out of vmx_set_nested_state()
> (the other "not a VMLAUNCH/VMRESUME" path that emulates a nested vmentry)
> and reuse it in svm_leave_smm().

This chunk probably needs to be:

Move the cached vmcb12 control and save consistency checks into a
helper and reuse it in svm_leave_smm().

>
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> ---
>  arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c | 12 ++++++++++--
>  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c    |  4 ++++
>  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h    |  1 +
>  3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> index 7b61124051a7..de9906adb73b 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> @@ -419,6 +419,15 @@ static bool nested_vmcb_check_controls(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>         return __nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu, ctl);
>  }
>
> +int nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> +{
> +       if (!nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) ||
> +           !nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu))
> +               return -EINVAL;
> +
> +       return 0;
> +}

Nit: if we make this a boolean we could just do:

bool nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
       return nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) && nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu);
}

> +
>  /*
>   * If a feature is not advertised to L1, clear the corresponding vmcb12
>   * intercept.
> @@ -1034,8 +1043,7 @@ int nested_svm_vmrun(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>         nested_copy_vmcb_control_to_cache(svm, &vmcb12->control);
>         nested_copy_vmcb_save_to_cache(svm, &vmcb12->save);
>
> -       if (!nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) ||
> -           !nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu)) {
> +       if (nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(vcpu) < 0) {
>                 vmcb12->control.exit_code    = SVM_EXIT_ERR;
>                 vmcb12->control.exit_info_1  = 0;
>                 vmcb12->control.exit_info_2  = 0;
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
> index 477fda63653b..95495048902c 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c
> @@ -4890,6 +4890,10 @@ static int svm_leave_smm(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, const union kvm_smram *smram)
>         vmcb12 = map.hva;
>         nested_copy_vmcb_control_to_cache(svm, &vmcb12->control);
>         nested_copy_vmcb_save_to_cache(svm, &vmcb12->save);
> +
> +       if (nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(vcpu) < 0)
> +               goto unmap_save;
> +
>         ret = enter_svm_guest_mode(vcpu, smram64->svm_guest_vmcb_gpa, vmcb12, false);
>
>         if (ret)
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
> index ebd7b36b1ceb..6942e6b0eda6 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
> +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h
> @@ -797,6 +797,7 @@ static inline int nested_svm_simple_vmexit(struct vcpu_svm *svm, u32 exit_code)
>
>  int nested_svm_exit_handled(struct vcpu_svm *svm);
>  int nested_svm_check_permissions(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
> +int nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
>  int nested_svm_check_exception(struct vcpu_svm *svm, unsigned nr,
>                                bool has_error_code, u32 error_code);
>  int nested_svm_exit_special(struct vcpu_svm *svm);
> --
> 2.53.0
>
>

Re: [PATCH 2/5] KVM: SVM: check validity of VMCB when returning from SMM

[Sean Christopherson]

On Tue, Mar 10, 2026, Yosry Ahmed wrote:
> > Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> > Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> > ---
> >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c | 12 ++++++++++--
> >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c    |  4 ++++
> >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h    |  1 +
> >  3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > index 7b61124051a7..de9906adb73b 100644
> > --- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > @@ -419,6 +419,15 @@ static bool nested_vmcb_check_controls(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> >         return __nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu, ctl);
> >  }
> >
> > +int nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> > +{
> > +       if (!nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) ||
> > +           !nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu))
> > +               return -EINVAL;
> > +
> > +       return 0;
> > +}
> 
> Nit: if we make this a boolean we could just do:
> 
> bool nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> {
>        return nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) && nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu);

I don't care one way or the other for this particular patch, but once the dust
settles on nSVM (assuming it ever does) I do think we should align the "nested
check" return types across nVMX and nSVM (which is likely why Paolo ended up with
the above; I requested using -EINVAL for the nVMXx) patch.

My fairly strong preference is to use 0/-errno as "return -EINVAL" is more
obviously an error than "return true".  But we can bikeshed later :-)

Re: [PATCH 2/5] KVM: SVM: check validity of VMCB when returning from SMM

[Yosry Ahmed]

On Tue, Mar 10, 2026 at 2:45 PM Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> wrote:
>
> On Tue, Mar 10, 2026, Yosry Ahmed wrote:
> > > Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> > > Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> > > ---
> > >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c | 12 ++++++++++--
> > >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c    |  4 ++++
> > >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h    |  1 +
> > >  3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> > >
> > > diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > > index 7b61124051a7..de9906adb73b 100644
> > > --- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > > +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > > @@ -419,6 +419,15 @@ static bool nested_vmcb_check_controls(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> > >         return __nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu, ctl);
> > >  }
> > >
> > > +int nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> > > +{
> > > +       if (!nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) ||
> > > +           !nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu))
> > > +               return -EINVAL;
> > > +
> > > +       return 0;
> > > +}
> >
> > Nit: if we make this a boolean we could just do:
> >
> > bool nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> > {
> >        return nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) && nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu);
>
> I don't care one way or the other for this particular patch, but once the dust
> settles on nSVM (assuming it ever does) I do think we should align the "nested
> check" return types across nVMX and nSVM (which is likely why Paolo ended up with
> the above; I requested using -EINVAL for the nVMXx) patch.
>
> My fairly strong preference is to use 0/-errno as "return -EINVAL" is more
> obviously an error than "return true".  But we can bikeshed later :-)

No objections, I was strictly going for more concise code and it
happened to also keep the existing return type (instead of translating
boolean to int).

Re: [PATCH 2/5] KVM: SVM: check validity of VMCB when returning from SMM

[Paolo Bonzini]

Il mar 10 mar 2026, 22:45 Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com> ha scritto:
>
> On Tue, Mar 10, 2026, Yosry Ahmed wrote:
> > > Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
> > > Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> > > ---
> > >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c | 12 ++++++++++--
> > >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.c    |  4 ++++
> > >  arch/x86/kvm/svm/svm.h    |  1 +
> > >  3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> > >
> > > diff --git a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > > index 7b61124051a7..de9906adb73b 100644
> > > --- a/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > > +++ b/arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c
> > > @@ -419,6 +419,15 @@ static bool nested_vmcb_check_controls(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> > >         return __nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu, ctl);
> > >  }
> > >
> > > +int nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> > > +{
> > > +       if (!nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) ||
> > > +           !nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu))
> > > +               return -EINVAL;
> > > +
> > > +       return 0;
> > > +}
> >
> > Nit: if we make this a boolean we could just do:
> >
> > bool nested_svm_check_cached_vmcb12(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
> > {
> >        return nested_vmcb_check_save(vcpu) && nested_vmcb_check_controls(vcpu);
>
> I don't care one way or the other for this particular patch, but once the dust
> settles on nSVM (assuming it ever does) I do think we should align the "nested
> check" return types across nVMX and nSVM (which is likely why Paolo ended up with
> the above; I requested using -EINVAL for the nVMXx) patch.

I was indeed aiming for more similar code between the two. The last
few nSVM shakedowns prior to Yosry's (nested_run_pending/live
migration, vmcb01/02 split) already took some inspiration from nVMX
code and naming, so most of the low hanging fruit is gone and I didn't
want to actually make things worse...

Paolo


> My fairly strong preference is to use 0/-errno as "return -EINVAL" is more
> obviously an error than "return true".  But we can bikeshed later :-)
>

[PATCH 3/5] selftests: kvm: extract common functionality out of smm_test.c

[Paolo Bonzini]

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/smm.h | 17 ++++++++++++
 .../testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/processor.c | 26 ++++++++++++++++++
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/smm_test.c    | 27 ++-----------------
 3 files changed, 45 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/smm.h

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/smm.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/smm.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..19337c34f13e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/smm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+#ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_SMM_H
+#define SELFTEST_KVM_SMM_H
+
+#include "kvm_util.h"
+
+#define SMRAM_SIZE	65536
+#define SMRAM_MEMSLOT	((1 << 16) | 1)
+#define SMRAM_PAGES	(SMRAM_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE)
+
+void setup_smram(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
+		 uint64_t smram_gpa,
+		 const void *smi_handler, size_t handler_size);
+
+void inject_smi(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu);
+
+#endif /* SELFTEST_KVM_SMM_H */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/processor.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/processor.c
index fab18e9be66c..23a44941e283 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/processor.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/processor.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include "kvm_util.h"
 #include "pmu.h"
 #include "processor.h"
+#include "smm.h"
 #include "svm_util.h"
 #include "sev.h"
 #include "vmx.h"
@@ -1444,3 +1445,28 @@ bool kvm_arch_has_default_irqchip(void)
 {
 	return true;
 }
+
+void setup_smram(struct kvm_vm *vm, struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu,
+		 uint64_t smram_gpa,
+		 const void *smi_handler, size_t handler_size)
+{
+	vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS, smram_gpa,
+				    SMRAM_MEMSLOT, SMRAM_PAGES, 0);
+	TEST_ASSERT(vm_phy_pages_alloc(vm, SMRAM_PAGES, smram_gpa,
+				       SMRAM_MEMSLOT) == smram_gpa,
+		    "Could not allocate guest physical addresses for SMRAM");
+
+	memset(addr_gpa2hva(vm, smram_gpa), 0x0, SMRAM_SIZE);
+	memcpy(addr_gpa2hva(vm, smram_gpa) + 0x8000, smi_handler, handler_size);
+	vcpu_set_msr(vcpu, MSR_IA32_SMBASE, smram_gpa);
+}
+
+void inject_smi(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
+{
+	struct kvm_vcpu_events events;
+
+	vcpu_events_get(vcpu, &events);
+	events.smi.pending = 1;
+	events.flags |= KVM_VCPUEVENT_VALID_SMM;
+	vcpu_events_set(vcpu, &events);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/smm_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/smm_test.c
index 55c88d664a94..ade8412bf94a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/smm_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/smm_test.c
@@ -14,13 +14,11 @@
 #include "test_util.h"
 
 #include "kvm_util.h"
+#include "smm.h"
 
 #include "vmx.h"
 #include "svm_util.h"
 
-#define SMRAM_SIZE 65536
-#define SMRAM_MEMSLOT ((1 << 16) | 1)
-#define SMRAM_PAGES (SMRAM_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE)
 #define SMRAM_GPA 0x1000000
 #define SMRAM_STAGE 0xfe
 
@@ -113,18 +111,6 @@ static void guest_code(void *arg)
 	sync_with_host(DONE);
 }
 
-void inject_smi(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
-{
-	struct kvm_vcpu_events events;
-
-	vcpu_events_get(vcpu, &events);
-
-	events.smi.pending = 1;
-	events.flags |= KVM_VCPUEVENT_VALID_SMM;
-
-	vcpu_events_set(vcpu, &events);
-}
-
 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
 	vm_vaddr_t nested_gva = 0;
@@ -140,16 +126,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 	/* Create VM */
 	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
 
-	vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS, SMRAM_GPA,
-				    SMRAM_MEMSLOT, SMRAM_PAGES, 0);
-	TEST_ASSERT(vm_phy_pages_alloc(vm, SMRAM_PAGES, SMRAM_GPA, SMRAM_MEMSLOT)
-		    == SMRAM_GPA, "could not allocate guest physical addresses?");
-
-	memset(addr_gpa2hva(vm, SMRAM_GPA), 0x0, SMRAM_SIZE);
-	memcpy(addr_gpa2hva(vm, SMRAM_GPA) + 0x8000, smi_handler,
-	       sizeof(smi_handler));
-
-	vcpu_set_msr(vcpu, MSR_IA32_SMBASE, SMRAM_GPA);
+	setup_smram(vm, vcpu, SMRAM_GPA, smi_handler, sizeof(smi_handler));
 
 	if (kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE)) {
 		if (kvm_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_SVM))
-- 
2.53.0

[PATCH 4/5] selftests: kvm: add a test that VMX validates controls on RSM

[Paolo Bonzini]

Add a test checking that invalid eVMCS contents are validated after an
RSM instruction is emulated.

The failure mode is simply that the RSM succeeds, because KVM virtualizes
NMIs anyway while running L2; the two pin-based execution controls used
by the test are entirely handled by KVM and not by the processor.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
---
 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm      |   1 +
 .../kvm/x86/evmcs_smm_controls_test.c         | 150 ++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 151 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/evmcs_smm_controls_test.c

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm
index fdec90e85467..dc68371f76a3 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/Makefile.kvm
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/cpuid_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/cr4_cpuid_sync_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/dirty_log_page_splitting_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/feature_msrs_test
+TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/evmcs_smm_controls_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/exit_on_emulation_failure_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/fastops_test
 TEST_GEN_PROGS_x86 += x86/fix_hypercall_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/evmcs_smm_controls_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/evmcs_smm_controls_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..af7c90103396
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/x86/evmcs_smm_controls_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026, Red Hat, Inc.
+ *
+ * Test that vmx_leave_smm() validates vmcs12 controls before re-entering
+ * nested guest mode on RSM.
+ */
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+
+#include "test_util.h"
+#include "kvm_util.h"
+#include "smm.h"
+#include "hyperv.h"
+#include "vmx.h"
+
+#define SMRAM_GPA	0x1000000
+#define SMRAM_STAGE	0xfe
+
+#define SYNC_PORT	0xe
+
+#define STR(x) #x
+#define XSTR(s) STR(s)
+
+/*
+ * SMI handler: runs in real-address mode.
+ * Reports SMRAM_STAGE via port IO, then does RSM.
+ */
+static uint8_t smi_handler[] = {
+	0xb0, SMRAM_STAGE,    /* mov $SMRAM_STAGE, %al */
+	0xe4, SYNC_PORT,      /* in $SYNC_PORT, %al */
+	0x0f, 0xaa,           /* rsm */
+};
+
+static inline void sync_with_host(uint64_t phase)
+{
+	asm volatile("in $" XSTR(SYNC_PORT) ", %%al \n"
+		     : "+a" (phase));
+}
+
+static void l2_guest_code(void)
+{
+	sync_with_host(1);
+
+	/* After SMI+RSM with invalid controls, we should not reach here. */
+	vmcall();
+}
+
+static void guest_code(struct vmx_pages *vmx_pages,
+		       struct hyperv_test_pages *hv_pages)
+{
+#define L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE 64
+	unsigned long l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE];
+
+	/* Set up Hyper-V enlightenments and eVMCS */
+	wrmsr(HV_X64_MSR_GUEST_OS_ID, HYPERV_LINUX_OS_ID);
+	enable_vp_assist(hv_pages->vp_assist_gpa, hv_pages->vp_assist);
+	evmcs_enable();
+
+	GUEST_ASSERT(prepare_for_vmx_operation(vmx_pages));
+	GUEST_ASSERT(load_evmcs(hv_pages));
+	prepare_vmcs(vmx_pages, l2_guest_code,
+		     &l2_guest_stack[L2_GUEST_STACK_SIZE]);
+
+	GUEST_ASSERT(!vmlaunch());
+
+	/* L2 exits via vmcall if test fails */
+	sync_with_host(2);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	vm_vaddr_t vmx_pages_gva = 0, hv_pages_gva = 0;
+	struct hyperv_test_pages *hv;
+	struct hv_enlightened_vmcs *evmcs;
+	struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu;
+	struct kvm_vm *vm;
+	struct kvm_regs regs;
+	int stage_reported;
+
+	TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_VMX));
+	TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_NESTED_STATE));
+	TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_HYPERV_ENLIGHTENED_VMCS));
+	TEST_REQUIRE(kvm_has_cap(KVM_CAP_X86_SMM));
+
+	vm = vm_create_with_one_vcpu(&vcpu, guest_code);
+
+	setup_smram(vm, vcpu, SMRAM_GPA, smi_handler, sizeof(smi_handler));
+
+	vcpu_set_hv_cpuid(vcpu);
+	vcpu_enable_evmcs(vcpu);
+	vcpu_alloc_vmx(vm, &vmx_pages_gva);
+	hv = vcpu_alloc_hyperv_test_pages(vm, &hv_pages_gva);
+	vcpu_args_set(vcpu, 2, vmx_pages_gva, hv_pages_gva);
+
+	vcpu_run(vcpu);
+
+	/* L2 is running and syncs with host.  */
+	TEST_ASSERT_KVM_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
+	vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs);
+	stage_reported = regs.rax & 0xff;
+	TEST_ASSERT(stage_reported == 1,
+		    "Expected stage 1, got %d", stage_reported);
+
+	/* Inject SMI while L2 is running.  */
+	inject_smi(vcpu);
+	vcpu_run(vcpu);
+	TEST_ASSERT_KVM_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_IO);
+	vcpu_regs_get(vcpu, &regs);
+	stage_reported = regs.rax & 0xff;
+	TEST_ASSERT(stage_reported == SMRAM_STAGE,
+		    "Expected SMM handler stage %#x, got %#x",
+		    SMRAM_STAGE, stage_reported);
+
+	/*
+	 * Guest is now paused in the SMI handler, about to execute RSM.
+	 * Hack the eVMCS page to set-up invalid pin-based execution
+	 * control (PIN_BASED_VIRTUAL_NMIS without PIN_BASED_NMI_EXITING).
+	 */
+	evmcs = hv->enlightened_vmcs_hva;
+	evmcs->pin_based_vm_exec_control |= PIN_BASED_VIRTUAL_NMIS;
+	evmcs->hv_clean_fields = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Trigger copy_enlightened_to_vmcs12() via KVM_GET_NESTED_STATE,
+	 * copying the invalid pin_based_vm_exec_control into cached_vmcs12.
+	 */
+	union {
+		struct kvm_nested_state state;
+		char state_[16384];
+	} nested_state_buf;
+
+	memset(&nested_state_buf, 0, sizeof(nested_state_buf));
+	nested_state_buf.state.size = sizeof(nested_state_buf);
+	vcpu_nested_state_get(vcpu, &nested_state_buf.state);
+
+	/*
+	 * Resume the guest.  The SMI handler executes RSM, which calls
+	 * vmx_leave_smm().  nested_vmx_check_controls() should detect
+	 * VIRTUAL_NMIS without NMI_EXITING and cause a triple fault.
+	 */
+	vcpu_run(vcpu);
+	TEST_ASSERT_KVM_EXIT_REASON(vcpu, KVM_EXIT_SHUTDOWN);
+
+	kvm_vm_free(vm);
+	return 0;
+}
-- 
2.53.0