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How do you think about further collateral evolution according to the prese= nted source code analysis approach? I suggest to use the word =E2=80=9Cdevm=E2=80=9D (without a trailing under= score) in the summary phrase (and subsequent messages). You propose something for device nodes. https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Do= cumentation/driver-api/driver-model/devres.rst?h=3Dv7.4-rc1#n9 > A struct cdev, struct miscdevice, struct video_device or struct > v4l2_device embedded in memory from devm_kzalloc() and friends is freed > when the driver unbinds, but a file that user space holds open on the > node outlives the unbind. Its later file operations are a use-after-free > when they use that memory, and for a cdev or video_device so is its > close(), where the core touches the object and the v4l2_device the > video_device points to. =E2=80=A6 How many data structures should be touched after a close() call? Are there more system dependencies to reconsider? > +@initialize:python@ > +@@ > +seen =3D set() Such a programming interface can look appealing. https://gitlab.inria.fr/coccinelle/coccinelle/-/blob/ea58efe355dea21842179= 54248a01f5dc5995d24/docs/manual/cocci_syntax.tex#L697-700 https://docs.python.org/3/builtins/stdtypes.html#set But further constraints should occasionally be taken better into account. I guess you would like to benefit from parallel data processing with multi= ple processor cores. > +@alloc depends on org || report exists@ > +expression x, e, e2; > +identifier fn =3D~ "^devm_k[mzcr]"; > +position p, q; > +@@ > + > +x =3D fn@p(...); > +... when !=3D x =3D e > +( > +misc_register@q(\(x\|&<+... x ...+>\)) Would such an SmPL disjunction be redundant for the passed argument expres= sion? > +| > +cdev_add@q(\(x\|&<+... x ...+>\), ...) > +| > +cdev_device_add@q(\(x\|&<+... x ...+>\), ...) > +| > +video_register_device@q(\(x\|&<+... x ...+>\), ...) > +| > +video_register_device_no_warn@q(\(x\|&<+... x ...+>\), ...) > +| > +__video_register_device@q(\(x\|&<+... x ...+>\), ...) > +| > +v4l2_device_register@q(e2, \(x\|&<+... x ...+>\)) > +) Were these function names ordered by their usage probability? =E2=80=A6 > +@script:python depends on report@ > +p << alloc.p; > +q << alloc.q; > +@@ > +if (p[0].file, p[0].line, p[0].column) not in seen: > + seen.add((p[0].file, p[0].line, p[0].column)) =E2=80=A6 Can such a control flow pattern still be refined? Would a temporary variable become helpful here? Regards, Markus