[U-Boot] [PATCH v2] kwboot: boot Marvell Kirkwood SoCs over a serial link

Simon Guinot
2012-05-16T12:22:11Z

On Wed, May 02, 2012 at 09:16:43PM +0200, Luka Perkov wrote:
> The kwboot program boots boards based on Marvell's Kirkwood platform
> via Xmodem over their integrated UART.
>
> Signed-off-by: Daniel Stodden <daniel.stodden@googlemail.com>
> Acked-by: Luka Perkov <uboot@lukaperkov.net>

kwboot works fine with Kirkwood based LaCie devices.

Tested-by: Simon Guinot <simon.guinot@sequanux.org>

> ---
>
> Changes from version v1:
> * fix man page
> * minor cosmetic fixes in tools/kwboot.c
>
> I changed things pointed out on v1 of this patch which was originally
> made by Daniel.
>
> doc/kwboot.1 | 76 ++++++
> tools/Makefile | 6 +
> tools/kwboot.c | 738 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 3 files changed, 820 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/doc/kwboot.1 b/doc/kwboot.1
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..70a2088
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/doc/kwboot.1
> @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
> +.TH KWBOOT 1 "2012-05-02"
> +
> +.SH NAME
> +kwboot \- Boot Marvell Kirkwood SoCs over a serial link.
> +.SH SYNOPSIS
> +.B kwboot
> +.RB [ "-b \fIimage\fP" ]
> +.RB [ "-p" ]
> +.RB [ "-t" ]
> +.RB [ "-B \fIbaudrate\fP" ]
> +.RB [\fITTY\fP]
> +.SH "DESCRIPTION"
> +
> +The
> +.B kwboot
> +program boots boards based on Marvell's Kirkwood platform over their integrated
> +UART. Boot image files will typically contain a second stage boot loader, such
> +as U-Boot. The image file must conform to Marvell's BootROM firmware image
> +format (\fIkwbimage\fP), created using a tool such as .B mkimage.
> +
> +Following power-up or a system reset, system BootROM code polls the UART for a
> +brief period of time, sensing a handshake message which initiates an image
> +upload. This program sends this boot message until it receives a positive
> +acknowledgement. The image is transfered using Xmodem.
> +
> +Additionally, this program implements a minimal terminal mode, which can be
> +used either standalone, or entered immediately following boot image transfer
> +completion. This is often useful to catch early boot messages, or to manually
> +interrupt a default boot procedure performed by the second-stage loader.
> +
> +.SH "OPTIONS"
> +
> +.TP
> +.BI "\-b \fIimage\fP"
> +Handshake; then upload file \fIimage\fP over \fITTY\fP.
> +
> +Note that for the encapsulated boot code to be executed, \fIimage\fP must be of
> +type "UART boot" (0x69). Boot images of different types, such as backup images
> +of vendor firmware downloaded from flash memory (type 0x8B), will not work (or
> +not as expected). See \fB-p\fP for a workaround.
> +
> +This mode writes handshake status and upload progress indication to stdout.
> +
> +.TP
> +.BI "\-p"
> +In combination with \fB-b\fP, patches the header in \fIimage\fP prior to
> +upload, to "UART boot" type.
> +
> +This option attempts on-the-fly conversion of some none-UART image types, such
> +as images which were originally formatted to be stored in flash memory.
> +
> +Conversion is performed in memory. The contents of \fIimage\fP will not be
> +altered.
> +
> +.TP
> +.BI "\-t"
> +Run a terminal program, connecting standard input and output to
> +.RB \fITTY\fP.
> +
> +If used in combination with \fB-b\fP, terminal mode is entered immediately
> +following a successful image upload.
> +
> +If standard I/O streams connect to a console, this mode will terminate after
> +receiving 'ctrl-\\' followed by 'c' from console input.
> +
> +.TP
> +.BI "\-B \fIbaudrate\fP"
> +Adjust the baud rate on \fITTY\fP. Default rate is 115200.
> +
> +.SH "SEE ALSO"
> +.PP
> +\fBmkimage\fP(1)
> +
> +.SH "AUTHORS"
> +
> +Daniel Stodden <daniel.stodden@gmail.com>
> diff --git a/tools/Makefile b/tools/Makefile
> index 8993fdd..8097d95 100644
> --- a/tools/Makefile
> +++ b/tools/Makefile
> @@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ BIN_FILES-$(CONFIG_SMDK5250) += mksmdk5250spl$(SFX)
> BIN_FILES-$(CONFIG_MX28) += mxsboot$(SFX)
> BIN_FILES-$(CONFIG_NETCONSOLE) += ncb$(SFX)
> BIN_FILES-$(CONFIG_SHA1_CHECK_UB_IMG) += ubsha1$(SFX)
> +BIN_FILES-$(CONFIG_KIRKWOOD) += kwboot$(SFX)
>
> # Source files which exist outside the tools directory
> EXT_OBJ_FILES-$(CONFIG_BUILD_ENVCRC) += common/env_embedded.o
> @@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ OBJ_FILES-$(CONFIG_NETCONSOLE) += ncb.o
> NOPED_OBJ_FILES-y += os_support.o
> OBJ_FILES-$(CONFIG_SHA1_CHECK_UB_IMG) += ubsha1.o
> NOPED_OBJ_FILES-y += ublimage.o
> +OBJ_FILES-$(CONFIG_KIRKWOOD) += kwboot.o
>
> # Don't build by default
> #ifeq ($(ARCH),ppc)
> @@ -234,6 +236,10 @@ $(obj)ncb$(SFX): $(obj)ncb.o
> $(obj)ubsha1$(SFX): $(obj)os_support.o $(obj)sha1.o $(obj)ubsha1.o
> $(HOSTCC) $(HOSTCFLAGS) $(HOSTLDFLAGS) -o $@ $^
>
> +$(obj)kwboot$(SFX): $(obj)kwboot.o
> + $(HOSTCC) $(HOSTCFLAGS) $(HOSTLDFLAGS) -o $@ $^
> + $(HOSTSTRIP) $@
> +
> # Some of the tool objects need to be accessed from outside the tools directory
> $(obj)%.o: $(SRCTREE)/common/%.c
> $(HOSTCC) -g $(HOSTCFLAGS_NOPED) -c -o $@ $<
> diff --git a/tools/kwboot.c b/tools/kwboot.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..6254296
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/kwboot.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
> +/*
> + * Boot a Marvell Kirkwood SoC, with Xmodem over UART0.
> + *
> + * (c) 2012 Daniel Stodden <daniel.stodden@gmail.com>
> + *
> + * References: marvell.com, "88F6180, 88F6190, 88F6192, and 88F6281
> + * Integrated Controller: Functional Specifications" December 2,
> + * 2008. Chapter 24.2 "BootROM Firmware".
> + */
> +
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <string.h>
> +#include <stdarg.h>
> +#include <libgen.h>
> +#include <fcntl.h>
> +#include <errno.h>
> +#include <unistd.h>
> +#include <stdint.h>
> +#include <termios.h>
> +#include <sys/mman.h>
> +#include <sys/stat.h>
> +
> +#include "kwbimage.h"
> +
> +#ifdef __GNUC__
> +#define PACKED __attribute((packed))
> +#else
> +#define PACKED
> +#endif
> +
> +/*
> + * Marvell BootROM UART Sensing
> + */
> +
> +static unsigned char kwboot_msg_boot[] = {
> + 0xBB, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77
> +};
> +
> +#define KWBOOT_MSG_REQ_DELAY 10 /* ms */
> +#define KWBOOT_MSG_RSP_TIMEO 50 /* ms */
> +
> +/*
> + * Xmodem Transfers
> + */
> +
> +#define SOH 1 /* sender start of block header */
> +#define EOT 4 /* sender end of block transfer */
> +#define ACK 6 /* target block ack */
> +#define NAK 21 /* target block negative ack */
> +#define CAN 24 /* target/sender transfer cancellation */
> +
> +struct kwboot_block {
> + uint8_t soh;
> + uint8_t pnum;
> + uint8_t _pnum;
> + uint8_t data[128];
> + uint8_t csum;
> +} PACKED;
> +
> +#define KWBOOT_BLK_RSP_TIMEO 1000 /* ms */
> +
> +static int kwboot_verbose;
> +
> +static void
> +kwboot_printv(const char *fmt, ...)
> +{
> + va_list ap;
> +
> + if (kwboot_verbose) {
> + va_start(ap, fmt);
> + vprintf(fmt, ap);
> + va_end(ap);
> + fflush(stdout);
> + }
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +__spinner(void)
> +{
> + const char seq[] = { '-', '\\', '|', '/' };
> + const int div = 8;
> + static int state, bs;
> +
> + if (state % div == 0) {
> + fputc(bs, stdout);
> + fputc(seq[state / div % sizeof(seq)], stdout);
> + fflush(stdout);
> + }
> +
> + bs = '\b';
> + state++;
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +kwboot_spinner(void)
> +{
> + if (kwboot_verbose)
> + __spinner();
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +__progress(int pct, char c)
> +{
> + const int width = 70;
> + static const char *nl = "";
> + static int pos;
> +
> + if (pos % width == 0)
> + printf("%s%3d %% [", nl, pct);
> +
> + fputc(c, stdout);
> +
> + nl = "]\n";
> + pos++;
> +
> + if (pct == 100) {
> + while (pos++ < width)
> + fputc(' ', stdout);
> + fputs(nl, stdout);
> + }
> +
> + fflush(stdout);
> +
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +kwboot_progress(int _pct, char c)
> +{
> + static int pct;
> +
> + if (_pct != -1)
> + pct = _pct;
> +
> + if (kwboot_verbose)
> + __progress(pct, c);
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_tty_recv(int fd, void *buf, size_t len, int timeo)
> +{
> + int rc, nfds;
> + fd_set rfds;
> + struct timeval tv;
> + ssize_t n;
> +
> + rc = -1;
> +
> + FD_ZERO(&rfds);
> + FD_SET(fd, &rfds);
> +
> + tv.tv_sec = 0;
> + tv.tv_usec = timeo * 1000;
> + if (tv.tv_usec > 1000000) {
> + tv.tv_sec += tv.tv_usec / 1000000;
> + tv.tv_usec %= 1000000;
> + }
> +
> + do {
> + nfds = select(fd + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
> + if (nfds < 0)
> + goto out;
> +
> + n = read(fd, buf, len);
> + if (n < 0)
> + goto out;
> +
> + buf = (char *)buf + n;
> + len -= n;
> + } while (len > 0);
> +
> + rc = 0;
> +out:
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_tty_send(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
> +{
> + int rc;
> + ssize_t n;
> +
> + rc = -1;
> +
> + do {
> + n = write(fd, buf, len);
> + if (n < 0)
> + goto out;
> +
> + buf = (char *)buf + n;
> + len -= n;
> + } while (len > 0);
> +
> + rc = tcdrain(fd);
> +out:
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_tty_send_char(int fd, unsigned char c)
> +{
> + return kwboot_tty_send(fd, &c, 1);
> +}
> +
> +static speed_t
> +kwboot_tty_speed(int baudrate)
> +{
> + switch (baudrate) {
> + case 115200:
> + return B115200;
> + case 57600:
> + return B57600;
> + case 38400:
> + return B38400;
> + case 19200:
> + return B19200;
> + case 9600:
> + return B9600;
> + }
> +
> + return -1;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_open_tty(const char *path, speed_t speed)
> +{
> + int rc, fd;
> + struct termios tio;
> +
> + rc = -1;
> +
> + fd = open(path, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY);
> + if (fd < 0)
> + goto out;
> +
> + memset(&tio, 0, sizeof(tio));
> +
> + tio.c_iflag = 0;
> + tio.c_cflag = CREAD|CLOCAL|CS8;
> +
> + tio.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
> + tio.c_cc[VTIME] = 10;
> +
> + cfsetospeed(&tio, speed);
> + cfsetispeed(&tio, speed);
> +
> + rc = tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &tio);
> + if (rc)
> + goto out;
> +
> + rc = fd;
> +out:
> + if (rc < 0) {
> + if (fd >= 0)
> + close(fd);
> + }
> +
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_bootmsg(int tty, void *msg)
> +{
> + int rc;
> + char c;
> +
> + kwboot_printv("Sending boot message. Please reboot the target...");
> +
> + do {
> + rc = tcflush(tty, TCIOFLUSH);
> + if (rc)
> + break;
> +
> + rc = kwboot_tty_send(tty, msg, 8);
> + if (rc) {
> + usleep(KWBOOT_MSG_REQ_DELAY * 1000);
> + continue;
> + }
> +
> + rc = kwboot_tty_recv(tty, &c, 1, KWBOOT_MSG_RSP_TIMEO);
> +
> + kwboot_spinner();
> +
> + } while (rc || c != NAK);
> +
> + kwboot_printv("\n");
> +
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_xm_makeblock(struct kwboot_block *block, const void *data,
> + size_t size, int pnum)
> +{
> + const size_t blksz = sizeof(block->data);
> + size_t n;
> + int i;
> +
> + block->pnum = pnum;
> + block->_pnum = ~block->pnum;
> +
> + n = size < blksz ? size : blksz;
> + memcpy(&block->data[0], data, n);
> + memset(&block->data[n], 0, blksz - n);
> +
> + block->csum = 0;
> + for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
> + block->csum += block->data[i];
> +
> + return n;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_xm_sendblock(int fd, struct kwboot_block *block)
> +{
> + int rc, retries;
> + char c;
> +
> + retries = 16;
> + do {
> + rc = kwboot_tty_send(fd, block, sizeof(*block));
> + if (rc)
> + break;
> +
> + rc = kwboot_tty_recv(fd, &c, 1, KWBOOT_BLK_RSP_TIMEO);
> + if (rc)
> + break;
> +
> + if (c != ACK)
> + kwboot_progress(-1, '+');
> +
> + } while (c == NAK && retries-- > 0);
> +
> + rc = -1;
> +
> + switch (c) {
> + case ACK:
> + rc = 0;
> + break;
> + case NAK:
> + errno = EBADMSG;
> + break;
> + case CAN:
> + errno = ECANCELED;
> + break;
> + default:
> + errno = EPROTO;
> + break;
> + }
> +
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_xmodem(int tty, const void *_data, size_t size)
> +{
> + const uint8_t *data = _data;
> + int rc, pnum, N, err;
> +
> + pnum = 1;
> + N = 0;
> +
> + kwboot_printv("Sending boot image...\n");
> +
> + do {
> + struct kwboot_block block;
> + int n;
> +
> + n = kwboot_xm_makeblock(&block,
> + data + N, size - N,
> + pnum++);
> + if (n < 0)
> + goto can;
> +
> + if (!n)
> + break;
> +
> + rc = kwboot_xm_sendblock(tty, &block);
> + if (rc)
> + goto out;
> +
> + N += n;
> + kwboot_progress(N * 100 / size, '.');
> + } while (1);
> +
> + rc = kwboot_tty_send_char(tty, EOT);
> +
> +out:
> + return rc;
> +
> +can:
> + err = errno;
> + kwboot_tty_send_char(tty, CAN);
> + errno = err;
> + goto out;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_term_pipe(int in, int out, char *quit, int *s)
> +{
> + ssize_t nin, nout;
> + char _buf[128], *buf = _buf;
> +
> + nin = read(in, buf, sizeof(buf));
> + if (nin < 0)
> + return -1;
> +
> + if (quit) {
> + int i;
> +
> + for (i = 0; i < nin; i++) {
> + if (*buf == quit[*s]) {
> + (*s)++;
> + if (!quit[*s])
> + return 0;
> + buf++;
> + nin--;
> + } else
> + while (*s > 0) {
> + nout = write(out, quit, *s);
> + if (nout <= 0)
> + return -1;
> + (*s) -= nout;
> + }
> + }
> + }
> +
> + while (nin > 0) {
> + nout = write(out, buf, nin);
> + if (nout <= 0)
> + return -1;
> + nin -= nout;
> + }
> +
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_terminal(int tty)
> +{
> + int rc, in, s;
> + char *quit = "\34c";
> + struct termios otio, tio;
> +
> + rc = -1;
> +
> + in = STDIN_FILENO;
> + if (isatty(in)) {
> + rc = tcgetattr(in, &otio);
> + if (!rc) {
> + tio = otio;
> + cfmakeraw(&tio);
> + rc = tcsetattr(in, TCSANOW, &tio);
> + }
> + if (rc) {
> + perror("tcsetattr");
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + kwboot_printv("[Type Ctrl-%c + %c to quit]\r\n",
> + quit[0]|0100, quit[1]);
> + } else
> + in = -1;
> +
> + rc = 0;
> + s = 0;
> +
> + do {
> + fd_set rfds;
> + int nfds = 0;
> +
> + FD_SET(tty, &rfds);
> + nfds = nfds < tty ? tty : nfds;
> +
> + if (in >= 0) {
> + FD_SET(in, &rfds);
> + nfds = nfds < in ? in : nfds;
> + }
> +
> + nfds = select(nfds + 1, &rfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
> + if (nfds < 0)
> + break;
> +
> + if (FD_ISSET(tty, &rfds)) {
> + rc = kwboot_term_pipe(tty, STDOUT_FILENO, NULL, NULL);
> + if (rc)
> + break;
> + }
> +
> + if (FD_ISSET(in, &rfds)) {
> + rc = kwboot_term_pipe(in, tty, quit, &s);
> + if (rc)
> + break;
> + }
> + } while (quit[s] != 0);
> +
> + tcsetattr(in, TCSANOW, &otio);
> +out:
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +static void *
> +kwboot_mmap_image(const char *path, size_t *size, int prot)
> +{
> + int rc, fd, flags;
> + struct stat st;
> + void *img;
> +
> + rc = -1;
> + fd = -1;
> + img = NULL;
> +
> + fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
> + if (fd < 0)
> + goto out;
> +
> + rc = fstat(fd, &st);
> + if (rc)
> + goto out;
> +
> + flags = (prot & PROT_WRITE) ? MAP_PRIVATE : MAP_SHARED;
> +
> + img = mmap(NULL, st.st_size, prot, flags, fd, 0);
> + if (img == MAP_FAILED) {
> + img = NULL;
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + rc = 0;
> + *size = st.st_size;
> +out:
> + if (rc && img) {
> + munmap(img, st.st_size);
> + img = NULL;
> + }
> + if (fd >= 0)
> + close(fd);
> +
> + return img;
> +}
> +
> +static uint8_t
> +kwboot_img_csum8(void *_data, size_t size)
> +{
> + uint8_t *data = _data, csum;
> +
> + for (csum = 0; size-- > 0; data++)
> + csum += *data;
> +
> + return csum;
> +}
> +
> +static int
> +kwboot_img_patch_hdr(void *img, size_t size)
> +{
> + int rc;
> + bhr_t *hdr;
> + uint8_t csum;
> + const size_t hdrsz = sizeof(*hdr);
> +
> + rc = -1;
> + hdr = img;
> +
> + if (size < hdrsz) {
> + errno = EINVAL;
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + csum = kwboot_img_csum8(hdr, hdrsz) - hdr->checkSum;
> + if (csum != hdr->checkSum) {
> + errno = EINVAL;
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + if (hdr->blockid == IBR_HDR_UART_ID) {
> + rc = 0;
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + hdr->blockid = IBR_HDR_UART_ID;
> +
> + hdr->nandeccmode = IBR_HDR_ECC_DISABLED;
> + hdr->nandpagesize = 0;
> +
> + hdr->srcaddr = hdr->ext
> + ? sizeof(struct kwb_header)
> + : sizeof(*hdr);
> +
> + hdr->checkSum = kwboot_img_csum8(hdr, hdrsz) - csum;
> +
> + rc = 0;
> +out:
> + return rc;
> +}
> +
> +static void
> +kwboot_usage(FILE *stream, char *progname)
> +{
> + fprintf(stream,
> + "Usage: %s -b <image> [ -p ] [ -t ] "
> + "[-B <baud> ] <TTY>\n", progname);
> + fprintf(stream, "\n");
> + fprintf(stream, " -b <image>: boot <image>\n");
> + fprintf(stream, " -p: patch <image> to type 0x69 (uart boot)\n");
> + fprintf(stream, "\n");
> + fprintf(stream, " -t: mini terminal\n");
> + fprintf(stream, "\n");
> + fprintf(stream, " -B <baud>: set baud rate\n");
> + fprintf(stream, "\n");
> +}
> +
> +int
> +main(int argc, char **argv)
> +{
> + const char *ttypath, *imgpath;
> + int rv, rc, tty, term, prot, patch;
> + void *bootmsg;
> + void *img;
> + size_t size;
> + speed_t speed;
> +
> + rv = 1;
> + tty = -1;
> + bootmsg = NULL;
> + imgpath = NULL;
> + img = NULL;
> + term = 0;
> + patch = 0;
> + size = 0;
> + speed = B115200;
> +
> + kwboot_verbose = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
> +
> + do {
> + int c = getopt(argc, argv, "hb:ptB:");
> + if (c < 0)
> + break;
> +
> + switch (c) {
> + case 'b':
> + bootmsg = kwboot_msg_boot;
> + imgpath = optarg;
> + break;
> +
> + case 'p':
> + patch = 1;
> + break;
> +
> + case 't':
> + term = 1;
> + break;
> +
> + case 'B':
> + speed = kwboot_tty_speed(atoi(optarg));
> + if (speed == -1)
> + goto usage;
> + break;
> +
> + case 'h':
> + rv = 0;
> + default:
> + goto usage;
> + }
> + } while (1);
> +
> + if (!bootmsg && !term)
> + goto usage;
> +
> + if (patch && !imgpath)
> + goto usage;
> +
> + if (argc - optind < 1)
> + goto usage;
> +
> + ttypath = argv[optind++];
> +
> + tty = kwboot_open_tty(ttypath, speed);
> + if (tty < 0) {
> + perror(ttypath);
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + if (imgpath) {
> + prot = PROT_READ | (patch ? PROT_WRITE : 0);
> +
> + img = kwboot_mmap_image(imgpath, &size, prot);
> + if (!img) {
> + perror(imgpath);
> + goto out;
> + }
> + }
> +
> + if (patch) {
> + rc = kwboot_img_patch_hdr(img, size);
> + if (rc) {
> + fprintf(stderr, "%s: Invalid image.\n", imgpath);
> + goto out;
> + }
> + }
> +
> + if (bootmsg) {
> + rc = kwboot_bootmsg(tty, bootmsg);
> + if (rc) {
> + perror("bootmsg");
> + goto out;
> + }
> + }
> +
> + if (img) {
> + rc = kwboot_xmodem(tty, img, size);
> + if (rc) {
> + perror("xmodem");
> + goto out;
> + }
> + }
> +
> + if (term) {
> + rc = kwboot_terminal(tty);
> + if (rc && !(errno == EINTR)) {
> + perror("terminal");
> + goto out;
> + }
> + }
> +
> + rv = 0;
> +out:
> + if (tty >= 0)
> + close(tty);
> +
> + if (img)
> + munmap(img, size);
> +
> + return rv;
> +
> +usage:
> + kwboot_usage(rv ? stderr : stdout, basename(argv[0]));
> + goto out;
> +}
> _______________________________________________
> U-Boot mailing list
> U-Boot at lists.denx.de
> http://lists.denx.de/mailman/listinfo/u-boot
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