[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

It looks like the 85xx platform is the only one which has boards
with the bss at 0x0.  It uses a slightly different linker script
format which puts the bss after the reset vector, which is
0xfffffffc + 4 for a number of boards.  Other platforms don't put
their bss in a similar location, so they don't have this issue.
I verified this by running MAKEALL and printing the bss address
as well.

A few bytes of RAM are wasted for boards which used to have the
bss at 0x0 FWIW.

These changes should be applied to the "reloc" branch.

Peter Tyser (2):
  85xx: Preprocess link scripts
  85xx: Ensure BSS segment doesn't start at address 0x0

 cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk                              |    2 +-
 cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot-nand.lds => u-boot-nand.lds.S} |    0
 cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot.lds => u-boot.lds.S}           |    8 ++++++++
 3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 rename cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot-nand.lds => u-boot-nand.lds.S} (100%)
 rename cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot.lds => u-boot.lds.S} (94%)

[U-Boot] [PATCH 1/2] 85xx: Preprocess link scripts

[Peter Tyser]

This allows for fancy conditionals and inclusions

Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
---
 cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk                              |    2 +-
 cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot-nand.lds => u-boot-nand.lds.S} |    0
 cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot.lds => u-boot.lds.S}           |    0
 3 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
 rename cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot-nand.lds => u-boot-nand.lds.S} (100%)
 rename cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot.lds => u-boot.lds.S} (100%)

diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk b/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
index beb3514..03a34a9 100644
--- a/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
+++ b/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -ffixed-r2 -Wa,-me500 -msoft-float -mno-string
 PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mno-spe)
 
 # Use default linker script.  Board port can override in board/*/config.mk
-LDSCRIPT := $(SRCTREE)/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds
+LDSCRIPT := $(SRCTREE)/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds.S
similarity index 100%
rename from cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds
rename to cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds.S
diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
similarity index 100%
rename from cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds
rename to cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
-- 
1.6.2.1

[U-Boot] [PATCH 1/2] 85xx: Preprocess link scripts

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254783670-21301-2-git-send-email-ptyser@xes-inc.com> you wrote:
> This allows for fancy conditionals and inclusions
> 
> Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
> ---
>  cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk                              |    2 +-
>  cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot-nand.lds => u-boot-nand.lds.S} |    0
>  cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot.lds => u-boot.lds.S}           |    0
>  3 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
>  rename cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot-nand.lds => u-boot-nand.lds.S} (100%)
>  rename cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot.lds => u-boot.lds.S} (100%)
> 
> diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk b/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
> index beb3514..03a34a9 100644
> --- a/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
> +++ b/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
> @@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -ffixed-r2 -Wa,-me500 -msoft-float -mno-string
>  PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mno-spe)
>  
>  # Use default linker script.  Board port can override in board/*/config.mk
> -LDSCRIPT := $(SRCTREE)/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds
> +LDSCRIPT := $(SRCTREE)/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds.S
> similarity index 100%
> rename from cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds
> rename to cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds.S
> diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> similarity index 100%
> rename from cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds
> rename to cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S

Why would such a rename be needed?

The linker scripts aready get preprocessed, even without this rename.
See the rule

 369 $(obj)u-boot.lds: $(LDSCRIPT)
 370                 $(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDPPFLAGS) -ansi -D__ASSEMBLY__ -P - <$^ >$@

in the top level Makefile.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
You're dead, Jim.
	-- McCoy, "The Tholian Web", stardate unknown

[U-Boot] [PATCH 1/2] 85xx: Preprocess link scripts

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 09:28 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> Dear Peter Tyser,
> 
> In message <1254783670-21301-2-git-send-email-ptyser@xes-inc.com> you wrote:
> > This allows for fancy conditionals and inclusions
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
> > ---
> >  cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk                              |    2 +-
> >  cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot-nand.lds => u-boot-nand.lds.S} |    0
> >  cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot.lds => u-boot.lds.S}           |    0
> >  3 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
> >  rename cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot-nand.lds => u-boot-nand.lds.S} (100%)
> >  rename cpu/mpc85xx/{u-boot.lds => u-boot.lds.S} (100%)
> > 
> > diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk b/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
> > index beb3514..03a34a9 100644
> > --- a/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
> > +++ b/cpu/mpc85xx/config.mk
> > @@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS += -ffixed-r2 -Wa,-me500 -msoft-float -mno-string
> >  PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mno-spe)
> >  
> >  # Use default linker script.  Board port can override in board/*/config.mk
> > -LDSCRIPT := $(SRCTREE)/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds
> > +LDSCRIPT := $(SRCTREE)/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> > diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds.S
> > similarity index 100%
> > rename from cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds
> > rename to cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot-nand.lds.S
> > diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> > similarity index 100%
> > rename from cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds
> > rename to cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> 
> Why would such a rename be needed?
> 
> The linker scripts aready get preprocessed, even without this rename.
> See the rule
> 
>  369 $(obj)u-boot.lds: $(LDSCRIPT)
>  370                 $(CPP) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDPPFLAGS) -ansi -D__ASSEMBLY__ -P - <$^ >$@
> 
> in the top level Makefile.

Argh, I see.  I was using the fancy lib_blackfin/u-boot.lds.S as a
reference and assumed the .S was needed.  Ignore this patch.

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 2/2] 85xx: Ensure BSS segment doesn't start at address 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

When U-Boot is relocated from flash to RAM pointers are modified
accordingly.  However, pointers initialzed with NULL values should not
be modified so that they maintain their intended NULL value.  The
address of the BSS segment must be modified during relocation which
means that it must not have a NULL value.

Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
---
 cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S |    8 ++++++++
 1 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
index a347cd1..ef3de66 100644
--- a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
+++ b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
@@ -131,6 +131,14 @@ SECTIONS
 
   . = RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS + 0x4;
 
+  /*
+   * Make sure that the bss segment doesn't start at 0x0, otherwise its
+   * address won't be updated during relocation fixups
+   */
+#if !((RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS + 0x4) & 0xffffffff)
+  . |= 0x10;
+#endif
+
   __bss_start = .;
   .bss (NOLOAD)       :
   {
-- 
1.6.2.1

[U-Boot] [PATCH 2/2] 85xx: Ensure BSS segment doesn't start at address 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254783670-21301-3-git-send-email-ptyser@xes-inc.com> you wrote:
> When U-Boot is relocated from flash to RAM pointers are modified
> accordingly.  However, pointers initialzed with NULL values should not
> be modified so that they maintain their intended NULL value.  The
> address of the BSS segment must be modified during relocation which
> means that it must not have a NULL value.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com>
> ---
>  cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S |    8 ++++++++
>  1 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> index a347cd1..ef3de66 100644
> --- a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> +++ b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> @@ -131,6 +131,14 @@ SECTIONS
>  
>    . = RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS + 0x4;
>  
> +  /*
> +   * Make sure that the bss segment doesn't start at 0x0, otherwise its
> +   * address won't be updated during relocation fixups
> +   */
> +#if !((RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS + 0x4) & 0xffffffff)

This seems to be a pretty complicated way of writing

	#if (RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS == 0xFFFFFFFC)

?

> +  . |= 0x10;

I'm not sure if all this is always doing what we want, or if it's
always working the same way. When building on 32 bit machines, dot
will wrap around for "0xFFFFFFFC + 4" and result in 0; ". |= 0x10"
makes it 0x10 then.

When built using a 64 bit host, 0xFFFFFFFC + 4 = 0x100000000, and the
OR makes it 0x100000010. But here this OR was not needed.


Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
"My name is Linus Torvalds, you messed with my kernel, prepare to die"
                                                  - Linus Torvalds in
      <Pine.LNX.3.91.960426110644.24860I-100000@linux.cs.Helsinki.FI>

[U-Boot] [PATCH 2/2] 85xx: Ensure BSS segment doesn't start at address 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

> > --- a/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> > +++ b/cpu/mpc85xx/u-boot.lds.S
> > @@ -131,6 +131,14 @@ SECTIONS
> >  
> >    . = RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS + 0x4;
> >  
> > +  /*
> > +   * Make sure that the bss segment doesn't start at 0x0, otherwise its
> > +   * address won't be updated during relocation fixups
> > +   */
> > +#if !((RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS + 0x4) & 0xffffffff)
> 
> This seems to be a pretty complicated way of writing
> 
> 	#if (RESET_VECTOR_ADDRESS == 0xFFFFFFFC)
> 
> ?

Good point.

> > +  . |= 0x10;
> 
> I'm not sure if all this is always doing what we want, or if it's
> always working the same way. When building on 32 bit machines, dot
> will wrap around for "0xFFFFFFFC + 4" and result in 0; ". |= 0x10"
> makes it 0x10 then.
> 
> When built using a 64 bit host, 0xFFFFFFFC + 4 = 0x100000000, and the
> OR makes it 0x100000010. But here this OR was not needed.

The 64-bit addresses will need to be truncated to 32-bits when the
u-boot ELF is actually generated, so I think we'd get 0x10 when building
on a 32 or 64 bit machine.  I'll verify.

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254783670-21301-1-git-send-email-ptyser@xes-inc.com> you wrote:
> It looks like the 85xx platform is the only one which has boards
> with the bss at 0x0.  It uses a slightly different linker script
> format which puts the bss after the reset vector, which is
> 0xfffffffc + 4 for a number of boards.  Other platforms don't put
> their bss in a similar location, so they don't have this issue.
> I verified this by running MAKEALL and printing the bss address
> as well.
> 
> A few bytes of RAM are wasted for boards which used to have the
> bss at 0x0 FWIW.

I never understood how this is supposed to work at all.

We have two phases of operation:

1) before relocation to RAM. Here we actually do not have a working
   bss segment at all, no mater what the linker may think.
2) after relocation to RAM. Here we reserve space for the BSS at the
   end (well, more or less) of the RAM.

This whole "bss at 0x0" is a myth to me.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
Q: Why do PCs have a reset button on the front?
A: Because they are expected to run Microsoft operating systems.

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 09:32 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> Dear Peter Tyser,
> 
> In message <1254783670-21301-1-git-send-email-ptyser@xes-inc.com> you wrote:
> > It looks like the 85xx platform is the only one which has boards
> > with the bss at 0x0.  It uses a slightly different linker script
> > format which puts the bss after the reset vector, which is
> > 0xfffffffc + 4 for a number of boards.  Other platforms don't put
> > their bss in a similar location, so they don't have this issue.
> > I verified this by running MAKEALL and printing the bss address
> > as well.
> > 
> > A few bytes of RAM are wasted for boards which used to have the
> > bss at 0x0 FWIW.
> 
> I never understood how this is supposed to work at all.
> 
> We have two phases of operation:
> 
> 1) before relocation to RAM. Here we actually do not have a working
>    bss segment at all, no mater what the linker may think.

Agreed.

> 2) after relocation to RAM. Here we reserve space for the BSS at the
>    end (well, more or less) of the RAM.

Agreed.

> This whole "bss at 0x0" is a myth to me.

Do a readelf on most MPC8548 boards, eg MPC8548CDS.  __bss_start is also
located at 0x0 for these boards, which is the issue this patch attempted
to address.

The current U-Boot code is already relocating this bss address higher up
in SDRAM during relocation, all this patch does is add 0x10 bytes to
that address.  I had assumed the current code was working, but perhaps
there's a bigger issue...


FWIW, it looked like non-85xx PPC boards seem to do something like:
0xfff00000 text
0xfff50000 data
0xfff60000 bss
0xffff0000 "boot page"/reset vectors

I shied away from this since as the text/data/bss grow at some point the
bss is going to overlap with the boot page.  I think ld would
intelligently wrap the bss around the boot page, but U-Boot won't be so
intelligent when the bss is zeroed out:)  The bss address range would
also wrap back around to 0x0.  I didn't feel good about zeroing out the
bootpage and wasn't sure what the ramifications of having the bss
address wrap back around to 0x0 were (or if the wrapping is even a
concern) so didn't use this memory layout.  Other arches seem to do this
though...

Anyway, this patch just adds 0x10 to boards that already have their bss
at 0x0.  But maybe those boards already have issues:)  I'll investigate
at bit and follow up.

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254830475.22896.43.camel@ptyser-laptop> you wrote:
>
> > This whole "bss at 0x0" is a myth to me.
> 
> Do a readelf on most MPC8548 boards, eg MPC8548CDS.  __bss_start is also
> located at 0x0 for these boards, which is the issue this patch attempted
> to address.

I know that this _is_ the case. My questions meant: _why_ is this the
case? My speculkation is that it's just by accident, because the  bss
was  located  just  after  the  instruction  allocated  for the reset
vector; this being at 0xFFFFFFFC on most 8xxx  systems,  the  address
counter wrapped around on 32 bit tool chains, resulting in 0x0.

> The current U-Boot code is already relocating this bss address higher up
> in SDRAM during relocation, all this patch does is add 0x10 bytes to
> that address.  I had assumed the current code was working, but perhaps
> there's a bigger issue...

I don;t think it's an issue. The code seems to work. But I wonder if
we could not simplify all this buy defining an arbitrary, non-zero
address.

> I shied away from this since as the text/data/bss grow at some point the
> bss is going to overlap with the boot page.  I think ld would
> intelligently wrap the bss around the boot page, but U-Boot won't be so
> intelligent when the bss is zeroed out:)  The bss address range would
> also wrap back around to 0x0.  I didn't feel good about zeroing out the

But bss is NOLOAD, and the actual location in the flash is just a
fiction - we never use anything of this but the start address.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
God made the integers; all else is the work of Man.       - Kronecker

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Kumar Gala]

On Oct 6, 2009, at 9:01 AM, Wolfgang Denk wrote:

> Dear Peter Tyser,
>
> In message <1254830475.22896.43.camel@ptyser-laptop> you wrote:
>>
>>> This whole "bss at 0x0" is a myth to me.
>>
>> Do a readelf on most MPC8548 boards, eg MPC8548CDS.  __bss_start is  
>> also
>> located at 0x0 for these boards, which is the issue this patch  
>> attempted
>> to address.
>
> I know that this _is_ the case. My questions meant: _why_ is this the
> case? My speculkation is that it's just by accident, because the  bss
> was  located  just  after  the  instruction  allocated  for the reset
> vector; this being at 0xFFFFFFFC on most 8xxx  systems,  the  address
> counter wrapped around on 32 bit tool chains, resulting in 0x0.
>
>> The current U-Boot code is already relocating this bss address  
>> higher up
>> in SDRAM during relocation, all this patch does is add 0x10 bytes to
>> that address.  I had assumed the current code was working, but  
>> perhaps
>> there's a bigger issue...
>
> I don;t think it's an issue. The code seems to work. But I wonder if
> we could not simplify all this buy defining an arbitrary, non-zero
> address.
>
>> I shied away from this since as the text/data/bss grow at some  
>> point the
>> bss is going to overlap with the boot page.  I think ld would
>> intelligently wrap the bss around the boot page, but U-Boot won't  
>> be so
>> intelligent when the bss is zeroed out:)  The bss address range would
>> also wrap back around to 0x0.  I didn't feel good about zeroing out  
>> the
>
> But bss is NOLOAD, and the actual location in the flash is just a
> fiction - we never use anything of this but the start address.

Where is BSS on 44x boards?  I dont see any reason we shouldn't be  
able to put it at the same location.

- k

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 09:07 -0500, Kumar Gala wrote:

> >>> This whole "bss at 0x0" is a myth to me.
> >>
> >> Do a readelf on most MPC8548 boards, eg MPC8548CDS.  __bss_start is  
> >> also
> >> located at 0x0 for these boards, which is the issue this patch  
> >> attempted
> >> to address.
> >
> > I know that this _is_ the case. My questions meant: _why_ is this the
> > case? My speculkation is that it's just by accident, because the  bss
> > was  located  just  after  the  instruction  allocated  for the reset
> > vector; this being at 0xFFFFFFFC on most 8xxx  systems,  the  address
> > counter wrapped around on 32 bit tool chains, resulting in 0x0.
> >
> >> The current U-Boot code is already relocating this bss address  
> >> higher up
> >> in SDRAM during relocation, all this patch does is add 0x10 bytes to
> >> that address.  I had assumed the current code was working, but  
> >> perhaps
> >> there's a bigger issue...
> >
> > I don;t think it's an issue. The code seems to work. But I wonder if
> > we could not simplify all this buy defining an arbitrary, non-zero
> > address.
> >
> >> I shied away from this since as the text/data/bss grow at some  
> >> point the
> >> bss is going to overlap with the boot page.  I think ld would
> >> intelligently wrap the bss around the boot page, but U-Boot won't  
> >> be so
> >> intelligent when the bss is zeroed out:)  The bss address range would
> >> also wrap back around to 0x0.  I didn't feel good about zeroing out  
> >> the
> >
> > But bss is NOLOAD, and the actual location in the flash is just a
> > fiction - we never use anything of this but the start address.

My concern was that we use __bss_start and _end to calculate the size of
the bss to zero out.  If the bss wraps, I'd be concerned about what gets
cleared as _end would be truncated to a low memory address while
__bss_start would be a high memory address.  Or other similar problems -
I didn't investigate what would really happen, I was just worried what
could happen:)

> Where is BSS on 44x boards?  I dont see any reason we shouldn't be  
> able to put it at the same location.

From the XPedite1000:

  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
  [ 1] .resetvec         PROGBITS        fffffffc 03f2e4 000004 00  AX  0   0  1
  [ 2] .bootpg           PROGBITS        fffff000 03e2e8 000250 00  AX  0   0  1
  [ 3] .text             PROGBITS        fff80000 000094 0303b0 00  AX  0   0  4
  [ 4] .rodata           PROGBITS        fffb03b0 030444 00a14c 00   A  0   0  4
  [ 5] .reloc            PROGBITS        fffba500 03a594 002280 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 6] .data             PROGBITS        fffbc780 03c814 00088c 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 7] .data.rel.local   PROGBITS        fffbd00c 03d0a0 000a98 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 8] .data.rel.ro.loca PROGBITS        fffbdaa4 03db38 0000b0 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 9] .data.rel         PROGBITS        fffbdb54 03dbe8 000100 00  WA  0   0  4
  [10] .u_boot_cmd       PROGBITS        fffbdc54 03dce8 000600 00  WA  0   0  4
  [11] .bss              NOBITS          fffbe300 03e2e8 011c44 00  WA  0   0  4

I shied away from this for the 2 reasons above - the bootpg section will
be wiped out when the bss is cleared for images near their maximum size
and I wasn't sure if there were any ramifications about the bss wrapping
around to 0.  Other arches must have a similar issue which would
somewhat imply:
1. No one cares if their bootpg/reset vector is cleared
2. U-Boot works even if the bss wraps around to 0.

If everyone is OK with the limitation of #1 above I can make the 85xx
act like the other PPC boards.  The only downside I see is that we could
never put any non-reset related code in the bootpg.

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254839043.24664.1890.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
> 
> > > But bss is NOLOAD, and the actual location in the flash is just a
> > > fiction - we never use anything of this but the start address.
> 
> My concern was that we use __bss_start and _end to calculate the size of
> the bss to zero out.  If the bss wraps, I'd be concerned about what gets
> cleared as _end would be truncated to a low memory address while
> __bss_start would be a high memory address.  Or other similar problems -
> I didn't investigate what would really happen, I was just worried what
> could happen:)

So far U-Boot is actually a 32 bit boot loader; address calculations
like this "just wrap around". So far this has not caused problems yet;
what has caused problems is that we can have overlapping sections on
4xx. Also it's probably overkill that each board has it's own linker
script.

I would like to see this fixed in this process. Maybe Stefan finds
some spare cycles to address this.

> > Where is BSS on 44x boards?  I dont see any reason we shouldn't be  
> > able to put it at the same location.
> 
> >From the XPedite1000:
> 
>   [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
>   [ 1] .resetvec         PROGBITS        fffffffc 03f2e4 000004 00  AX  0   0  1
>   [ 2] .bootpg           PROGBITS        fffff000 03e2e8 000250 00  AX  0   0  1
>   [ 3] .text             PROGBITS        fff80000 000094 0303b0 00  AX  0   0  4
>   [ 4] .rodata           PROGBITS        fffb03b0 030444 00a14c 00   A  0   0  4
>   [ 5] .reloc            PROGBITS        fffba500 03a594 002280 00  WA  0   0  4
>   [ 6] .data             PROGBITS        fffbc780 03c814 00088c 00  WA  0   0  4
>   [ 7] .data.rel.local   PROGBITS        fffbd00c 03d0a0 000a98 00  WA  0   0  4
>   [ 8] .data.rel.ro.loca PROGBITS        fffbdaa4 03db38 0000b0 00  WA  0   0  4
>   [ 9] .data.rel         PROGBITS        fffbdb54 03dbe8 000100 00  WA  0   0  4
>   [10] .u_boot_cmd       PROGBITS        fffbdc54 03dce8 000600 00  WA  0   0  4
>   [11] .bss              NOBITS          fffbe300 03e2e8 011c44 00  WA  0   0  4
> 
> I shied away from this for the 2 reasons above - the bootpg section will
> be wiped out when the bss is cleared for images near their maximum size

I think it will not be needed any more by then.

> and I wasn't sure if there were any ramifications about the bss wrapping
> around to 0.  Other arches must have a similar issue which would
> somewhat imply:
> 1. No one cares if their bootpg/reset vector is cleared

I think this is only relevant while running from flash, but not after
relocation.

> 2. U-Boot works even if the bss wraps around to 0.

This is indeed the case.

> If everyone is OK with the limitation of #1 above I can make the 85xx
> act like the other PPC boards.  The only downside I see is that we could
> never put any non-reset related code in the bootpg.

What about my suggestion to chose a fixed (random, non-zero) address?

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
I've got to get something inside me. Some coffee  or  something.  And
then the world will somehow be better.
                                     - Terry Pratchett, _Men at Arms_

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

Hi Wolfgang,

> So far U-Boot is actually a 32 bit boot loader; address calculations
> like this "just wrap around". So far this has not caused problems yet;
> what has caused problems is that we can have overlapping sections on
> 4xx. Also it's probably overkill that each board has it's own linker
> script.

I added some debug and came to the same conclusion about the wrapping
math.

Full ack on the linker script consolidation.

> I would like to see this fixed in this process. Maybe Stefan finds
> some spare cycles to address this.
> 
> > > Where is BSS on 44x boards?  I dont see any reason we shouldn't be  
> > > able to put it at the same location.
> > 
> > >From the XPedite1000:
> > 
> >   [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
> >   [ 1] .resetvec         PROGBITS        fffffffc 03f2e4 000004 00  AX  0   0  1
> >   [ 2] .bootpg           PROGBITS        fffff000 03e2e8 000250 00  AX  0   0  1
> >   [ 3] .text             PROGBITS        fff80000 000094 0303b0 00  AX  0   0  4
> >   [ 4] .rodata           PROGBITS        fffb03b0 030444 00a14c 00   A  0   0  4
> >   [ 5] .reloc            PROGBITS        fffba500 03a594 002280 00  WA  0   0  4
> >   [ 6] .data             PROGBITS        fffbc780 03c814 00088c 00  WA  0   0  4
> >   [ 7] .data.rel.local   PROGBITS        fffbd00c 03d0a0 000a98 00  WA  0   0  4
> >   [ 8] .data.rel.ro.loca PROGBITS        fffbdaa4 03db38 0000b0 00  WA  0   0  4
> >   [ 9] .data.rel         PROGBITS        fffbdb54 03dbe8 000100 00  WA  0   0  4
> >   [10] .u_boot_cmd       PROGBITS        fffbdc54 03dce8 000600 00  WA  0   0  4
> >   [11] .bss              NOBITS          fffbe300 03e2e8 011c44 00  WA  0   0  4
> > 
> > I shied away from this for the 2 reasons above - the bootpg section will
> > be wiped out when the bss is cleared for images near their maximum size
> 
> I think it will not be needed any more by then.

Its not currently used (at least on 85xx), but I know using it had been
mentioned in the past.  There's a >3K chunk that's sitting empty right
now that could be used.  All things being equal I think it would be
ideal not to trash a section of U-Boot code - it could be useful and at
some point someone's going to be banging their head on the wall trying
to figure out why some chunk of assembly code isn't working.

> > If everyone is OK with the limitation of #1 above I can make the 85xx
> > act like the other PPC boards.  The only downside I see is that we could
> > never put any non-reset related code in the bootpg.
> 
> What about my suggestion to chose a fixed (random, non-zero) address?

I'd vote against this.  It'd have to be some area in low memory and
people would be bound to accidentally stomp on it and cause all sorts of
odd errors- like overwriting the exception vectors, but harder to debug.
I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss after
the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool, stack,
bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the side
benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.

I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
doing it?

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254843932.24664.2083.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
> 
> I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss after
> the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool, stack,
> bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the side
> benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.

OK, if you think so...

> I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
> doing it?

Nothing. I just hate to allocate the bss at 0x0, because this is
actually incorrect - it's the result of an address overflow /
truncation, and pretty much misleading to someone trying to read and
understand the code. For the linked image, it does not _look_ as if
the bss was located _after_ the U-Boot image, it looks detached and
allocated in low RAM.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
We have phasers, I vote we blast 'em!
	-- Bailey, "The Corbomite Maneuver", stardate 1514.2

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 19:51 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> Dear Peter Tyser,
> 
> In message <1254843932.24664.2083.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
> > 
> > I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss after
> > the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool, stack,
> > bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the side
> > benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.
> 
> OK, if you think so...
> 
> > I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
> > doing it?
> 
> Nothing. I just hate to allocate the bss at 0x0, because this is
> actually incorrect - it's the result of an address overflow /
> truncation, and pretty much misleading to someone trying to read and
> understand the code. For the linked image, it does not _look_ as if
> the bss was located _after_ the U-Boot image, it looks detached and
> allocated in low RAM.

Do you have a preference Kumar?  You're probably going to be the first
in line to have to deal with any resulting confusion:)

I personally would rank the options:
1. OR in an offset to the bss address and leave some good comments in
the linker script and commit message

2. Make the bss the last section like other PPC boards which would
result in the bootpg sometimes being overwritten

3. Put the bss at an arbitrary address

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[J. William Campbell]

Peter Tyser wrote:
> On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 19:51 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
>   
>> Dear Peter Tyser,
>>
>> In message <1254843932.24664.2083.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
>>     
>>> I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss after
>>> the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool, stack,
>>> bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the side
>>> benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.
>>>       
>> OK, if you think so...
>>
>>     
>>> I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
>>> doing it?
>>>       
>> Nothing. I just hate to allocate the bss at 0x0, because this is
>> actually incorrect - it's the result of an address overflow /
>> truncation, and pretty much misleading to someone trying to read and
>> understand the code. For the linked image, it does not _look_ as if
>> the bss was located _after_ the U-Boot image, it looks detached and
>> allocated in low RAM.
>>     
>
> Do you have a preference Kumar?  You're probably going to be the first
> in line to have to deal with any resulting confusion:)
>
> I personally would rank the options:
> 1. OR in an offset to the bss address and leave some good comments in
> the linker script and commit message
>
> 2. Make the bss the last section like other PPC boards which would
> result in the bootpg sometimes being overwritten
>
> 3. Put the bss at an arbitrary address
>   
FWIW, I think an arbitrary address disjoint from the u-boot addresses is 
best. While u-boot is in ROM, you can't use the bss anyway. The bss will 
actually be located at an address selected by the u-boot code itself 
after memory is sized. All references to the bss will be re-located by 
subtracting the arbitrary start address and adding the run-time chosen 
start address. So the linked start address is not important, except that 
is cannot be NULL or it may confuse the relocation code that doesn't 
want to re-locate NULL pointers. Some of the confusion in this 
discussion probably stems from the fact that the linker scripts make the 
bss look like "part of u-boot", when it is really not. It is just a 
chunk of "zero'ed" ram, located anywhere the u-boot code decides to put 
it. An arbitrary strange address would make this more apparent.

Best Regards,
Bill Campbell
> Best,
> Peter
>
> _______________________________________________
> U-Boot mailing list
> U-Boot at lists.denx.de
> http://lists.denx.de/mailman/listinfo/u-boot
>
>
>   

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 13:34 -0700, J. William Campbell wrote:
> Peter Tyser wrote:
> > On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 19:51 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> >   
> >> Dear Peter Tyser,
> >>
> >> In message <1254843932.24664.2083.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
> >>     
> >>> I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss after
> >>> the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool, stack,
> >>> bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the side
> >>> benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.
> >>>       
> >> OK, if you think so...
> >>
> >>     
> >>> I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
> >>> doing it?
> >>>       
> >> Nothing. I just hate to allocate the bss at 0x0, because this is
> >> actually incorrect - it's the result of an address overflow /
> >> truncation, and pretty much misleading to someone trying to read and
> >> understand the code. For the linked image, it does not _look_ as if
> >> the bss was located _after_ the U-Boot image, it looks detached and
> >> allocated in low RAM.
> >>     
> >
> > Do you have a preference Kumar?  You're probably going to be the first
> > in line to have to deal with any resulting confusion:)
> >
> > I personally would rank the options:
> > 1. OR in an offset to the bss address and leave some good comments in
> > the linker script and commit message
> >
> > 2. Make the bss the last section like other PPC boards which would
> > result in the bootpg sometimes being overwritten
> >
> > 3. Put the bss at an arbitrary address
> >   
> FWIW, I think an arbitrary address disjoint from the u-boot addresses is 
> best. While u-boot is in ROM, you can't use the bss anyway. The bss will 
> actually be located at an address selected by the u-boot code itself 
> after memory is sized. All references to the bss will be re-located by 
> subtracting the arbitrary start address and adding the run-time chosen 
> start address. So the linked start address is not important, except that 
> is cannot be NULL or it may confuse the relocation code that doesn't 
> want to re-locate NULL pointers. Some of the confusion in this 
> discussion probably stems from the fact that the linker scripts make the 
> bss look like "part of u-boot", when it is really not. It is just a 
> chunk of "zero'ed" ram, located anywhere the u-boot code decides to put 
> it. An arbitrary strange address would make this more apparent.

Hi Bill,
What's the advantage of having the bss not be located next to U-Boot?
The big disadvantage of picking an arbitrary address for the bss is that
there's now 1 more magical section of SDRAM that the user needs to know
shouldn't be used.  I already field enough question from people that
corrupt their exception vectors or stack/malloc pool/u-boot code, I
don't want to add more bss questions:)

Best,
Peter

PS. please keep the original email recipients on CC

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[J. William Campbell]

Peter Tyser wrote:
> On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 13:34 -0700, J. William Campbell wrote:
>   
>> Peter Tyser wrote:
>>     
>>> On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 19:51 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
>>>   
>>>       
>>>> Dear Peter Tyser,
>>>>
>>>> In message <1254843932.24664.2083.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>>>> I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss after
>>>>> the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool, stack,
>>>>> bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the side
>>>>> benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.
>>>>>       
>>>>>           
>>>> OK, if you think so...
>>>>
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>>>> I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
>>>>> doing it?
>>>>>       
>>>>>           
>>>> Nothing. I just hate to allocate the bss at 0x0, because this is
>>>> actually incorrect - it's the result of an address overflow /
>>>> truncation, and pretty much misleading to someone trying to read and
>>>> understand the code. For the linked image, it does not _look_ as if
>>>> the bss was located _after_ the U-Boot image, it looks detached and
>>>> allocated in low RAM.
>>>>     
>>>>         
>>> Do you have a preference Kumar?  You're probably going to be the first
>>> in line to have to deal with any resulting confusion:)
>>>
>>> I personally would rank the options:
>>> 1. OR in an offset to the bss address and leave some good comments in
>>> the linker script and commit message
>>>
>>> 2. Make the bss the last section like other PPC boards which would
>>> result in the bootpg sometimes being overwritten
>>>
>>> 3. Put the bss at an arbitrary address
>>>   
>>>       
>> FWIW, I think an arbitrary address disjoint from the u-boot addresses is 
>> best. While u-boot is in ROM, you can't use the bss anyway. The bss will 
>> actually be located at an address selected by the u-boot code itself 
>> after memory is sized. All references to the bss will be re-located by 
>> subtracting the arbitrary start address and adding the run-time chosen 
>> start address. So the linked start address is not important, except that 
>> is cannot be NULL or it may confuse the relocation code that doesn't 
>> want to re-locate NULL pointers. Some of the confusion in this 
>> discussion probably stems from the fact that the linker scripts make the 
>> bss look like "part of u-boot", when it is really not. It is just a 
>> chunk of "zero'ed" ram, located anywhere the u-boot code decides to put 
>> it. An arbitrary strange address would make this more apparent.
>>     
>
> Hi Bill,
> What's the advantage of having the bss not be located next to U-Boot?
> The big disadvantage of picking an arbitrary address for the bss is that
> there's now 1 more magical section of SDRAM that the user needs to know
> shouldn't be used.  I already field enough question from people that
> corrupt their exception vectors or stack/malloc pool/u-boot code, I
> don't want to add more bss questions:)
>   
Hi Peter,
      The point is that the address chosen for the ld step is NOT the 
address in ram where the bss will reside anyway. This address can 
overlap the exception vectors, stack, or even the u-boot code itself and 
it wouldn't matter (other than possible confusion). The actual physical 
address where the bss and u-boot itself resides is COMPUTED by u-boot 
after it sizes memory. u-boot only needs to know how big the section is 
in order to allow enough room. All references to the bss will then be 
re-located correctly. Where the bss actually ends up is a function of 
u-boot code. It may be on some processors that the computation of bss 
start is done assuming the bss is adjacent to u-boot in the original 
memory map, but if so, it is an un-necessary restriction. All that is 
required is a "safe" chunk of ram, which is also what is needed for 
stack and malloc area and should be chosen in a similar manner. So at 
run time, bss probably ends up adjacent to u-boot in ram because that's 
how it was coded, but at ld time it shouldn't matter.

Best Regards,
Bill Campbell
> Best,
> Peter
>
> PS. please keep the original email recipients on CC
>
>
>
>   

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 15:34 -0700, J. William Campbell wrote:
> Peter Tyser wrote:
> > On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 13:34 -0700, J. William Campbell wrote:
> >   
> >> Peter Tyser wrote:
> >>     
> >>> On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 19:51 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> >>>   
> >>>       
> >>>> Dear Peter Tyser,
> >>>>
> >>>> In message <1254843932.24664.2083.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
> >>>>     
> >>>>         
> >>>>> I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss after
> >>>>> the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool, stack,
> >>>>> bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the side
> >>>>> benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.
> >>>>>       
> >>>>>           
> >>>> OK, if you think so...
> >>>>
> >>>>     
> >>>>         
> >>>>> I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
> >>>>> doing it?
> >>>>>       
> >>>>>           
> >>>> Nothing. I just hate to allocate the bss at 0x0, because this is
> >>>> actually incorrect - it's the result of an address overflow /
> >>>> truncation, and pretty much misleading to someone trying to read and
> >>>> understand the code. For the linked image, it does not _look_ as if
> >>>> the bss was located _after_ the U-Boot image, it looks detached and
> >>>> allocated in low RAM.
> >>>>     
> >>>>         
> >>> Do you have a preference Kumar?  You're probably going to be the first
> >>> in line to have to deal with any resulting confusion:)
> >>>
> >>> I personally would rank the options:
> >>> 1. OR in an offset to the bss address and leave some good comments in
> >>> the linker script and commit message
> >>>
> >>> 2. Make the bss the last section like other PPC boards which would
> >>> result in the bootpg sometimes being overwritten
> >>>
> >>> 3. Put the bss at an arbitrary address
> >>>   
> >>>       
> >> FWIW, I think an arbitrary address disjoint from the u-boot addresses is 
> >> best. While u-boot is in ROM, you can't use the bss anyway. The bss will 
> >> actually be located at an address selected by the u-boot code itself 
> >> after memory is sized. All references to the bss will be re-located by 
> >> subtracting the arbitrary start address and adding the run-time chosen 
> >> start address. So the linked start address is not important, except that 
> >> is cannot be NULL or it may confuse the relocation code that doesn't 
> >> want to re-locate NULL pointers. Some of the confusion in this 
> >> discussion probably stems from the fact that the linker scripts make the 
> >> bss look like "part of u-boot", when it is really not. It is just a 
> >> chunk of "zero'ed" ram, located anywhere the u-boot code decides to put 
> >> it. An arbitrary strange address would make this more apparent.
> >>     
> >
> > Hi Bill,
> > What's the advantage of having the bss not be located next to U-Boot?
> > The big disadvantage of picking an arbitrary address for the bss is that
> > there's now 1 more magical section of SDRAM that the user needs to know
> > shouldn't be used.  I already field enough question from people that
> > corrupt their exception vectors or stack/malloc pool/u-boot code, I
> > don't want to add more bss questions:)
> >   
> Hi Peter,
>       The point is that the address chosen for the ld step is NOT the 
> address in ram where the bss will reside anyway. This address can 
> overlap the exception vectors, stack, or even the u-boot code itself and 
> it wouldn't matter (other than possible confusion). The actual physical 
> address where the bss and u-boot itself resides is COMPUTED by u-boot 
> after it sizes memory. u-boot only needs to know how big the section is 
> in order to allow enough room. All references to the bss will then be 
> re-located correctly. Where the bss actually ends up is a function of 
> u-boot code. It may be on some processors that the computation of bss 
> start is done assuming the bss is adjacent to u-boot in the original 
> memory map, but if so, it is an un-necessary restriction. All that is 
> required is a "safe" chunk of ram, which is also what is needed for 
> stack and malloc area and should be chosen in a similar manner. So at 
> run time, bss probably ends up adjacent to u-boot in ram because that's 
> how it was coded, but at ld time it shouldn't matter.

Hi Bill,
I understand that the final addresses in RAM of all the sections are
calculated by U-Boot during relocation based on memory size.  However,
the section addresses are the same relative to each other at link time
as well as after relocation.  Eg before relocation I print out:

(408) &_start = fff80000
(409) &__bss_start = (null)
(410) &_end = 00008184
Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 7ff70000 (After relocation)
(665) &_start = 7ff70000
(666) &__bss_start = 7fff0000
(667) &_end = 7fff8184

The values all changed and are dependent on RAM size, but their
relationship to one another didn't - they all just increased by
0x7fff0000.  So practically speaking, we do need to know where the bss
is at link time - its address is not dynamic like the malloc pool or
stack - its tied directly to the address of the other sections at link
time.  (Unless we added some bss-specific fixups I imagine)

Am I missing something?  Is there an example that would make things
clearer?

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254870618.24664.3061.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
>
> I understand that the final addresses in RAM of all the sections are
> calculated by U-Boot during relocation based on memory size.  However,

True. And nothing is ever written to the bss addresses as recorded in
the linked image as running from flash, may thei be 0x0 0r 0x10 or
any other random address.

> the section addresses are the same relative to each other at link time
> as well as after relocation.  Eg before relocation I print out:
> 
> (408) &_start = fff80000
> (409) &__bss_start = (null)
> (410) &_end = 00008184
> Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 7ff70000 (After relocation)
> (665) &_start = 7ff70000
> (666) &__bss_start = 7fff0000
> (667) &_end = 7fff8184
> 
> The values all changed and are dependent on RAM size, but their
> relationship to one another didn't - they all just increased by
> 0x7fff0000.  So practically speaking, we do need to know where the bss
> is at link time - its address is not dynamic like the malloc pool or
> stack - its tied directly to the address of the other sections at link
> time.  (Unless we added some bss-specific fixups I imagine)

Right, that's the current situation.

My suggestion was NOT to put the bss  at  a  fixed  _offset_  to  the
U-Boot  image,  but to a fixed absolute address. My hope is that this
might simplify the linker scripts at the cost of adding a little code
to the relocation routine - for addresses in the bss we would have to
add a different relocation offset.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
Love sometimes expresses itself in sacrifice.
	-- Kirk, "Metamorphosis", stardate 3220.3

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

 
> > The values all changed and are dependent on RAM size, but their
> > relationship to one another didn't - they all just increased by
> > 0x7fff0000.  So practically speaking, we do need to know where the bss
> > is at link time - its address is not dynamic like the malloc pool or
> > stack - its tied directly to the address of the other sections at link
> > time.  (Unless we added some bss-specific fixups I imagine)
> 
> Right, that's the current situation.
> 
> My suggestion was NOT to put the bss  at  a  fixed  _offset_  to  the
> U-Boot  image,  but to a fixed absolute address. My hope is that this
> might simplify the linker scripts at the cost of adding a little code
> to the relocation routine - for addresses in the bss we would have to
> add a different relocation offset.

I think I see what you're getting at.  If we have a bss-specific fixup
routine I don't give a hoot where the bss is located at link time.  Its
just that that bss-aware fixup routine doesn't exist right now:)

It seems like a clean solution.  Adding a bss-aware fixup routine or
putting the bss after the U-Boot image both seem good to me.  The
bss-aware fixup routine has a clearer readelf output and slightly more
complicated code while the bss-after-uboot change has a misleading
readelf output and simpler code.  In any case I'd give a thumbs up to
either of them.

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 18:43 -0500, Peter Tyser wrote:
> > > The values all changed and are dependent on RAM size, but their
> > > relationship to one another didn't - they all just increased by
> > > 0x7fff0000.  So practically speaking, we do need to know where the bss
> > > is at link time - its address is not dynamic like the malloc pool or
> > > stack - its tied directly to the address of the other sections at link
> > > time.  (Unless we added some bss-specific fixups I imagine)
> > 
> > Right, that's the current situation.
> > 
> > My suggestion was NOT to put the bss  at  a  fixed  _offset_  to  the
> > U-Boot  image,  but to a fixed absolute address. My hope is that this
> > might simplify the linker scripts at the cost of adding a little code
> > to the relocation routine - for addresses in the bss we would have to
> > add a different relocation offset.
> 
> I think I see what you're getting at.  If we have a bss-specific fixup
> routine I don't give a hoot where the bss is located at link time.  Its
> just that that bss-aware fixup routine doesn't exist right now:)
> 
> It seems like a clean solution.  Adding a bss-aware fixup routine or
> putting the bss after the U-Boot image both seem good to me.  The
> bss-aware fixup routine has a clearer readelf output and slightly more
> complicated code while the bss-after-uboot change has a misleading
> readelf output and simpler code.  In any case I'd give a thumbs up to
> either of them.

Sorry, just to be clear, where did you want to put the fixed up bss?
Still at a low memory address, ie the original address at link time?  I
had assumed if we were adding a bss-specific fixup we'd move it to the
top of memory, near U-Boot, the malloc pool, etc.  I'd be all for
relocating it to higher in memory, but wouldn't be too excited about
leaving at a low memory address...  If we were to add bss fixups, we may
as well move it to a location that lines up with the rest of U-Boot
code, stack, and malloc, right?

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Graeme Russ]

On Wed, Oct 7, 2009 at 11:09 AM, Peter Tyser <ptyser@xes-inc.com> wrote:
> On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 18:43 -0500, Peter Tyser wrote:
>> > > The values all changed and are dependent on RAM size, but their
>> > > relationship to one another didn't - they all just increased by
>> > > 0x7fff0000.  So practically speaking, we do need to know where the bss
>> > > is at link time - its address is not dynamic like the malloc pool or
>> > > stack - its tied directly to the address of the other sections at link
>> > > time.  (Unless we added some bss-specific fixups I imagine)
>> >
>> > Right, that's the current situation.
>> >
>> > My suggestion was NOT to put the bss  at  a  fixed  _offset_  to  the
>> > U-Boot  image,  but to a fixed absolute address. My hope is that this
>> > might simplify the linker scripts at the cost of adding a little code
>> > to the relocation routine - for addresses in the bss we would have to
>> > add a different relocation offset.
>>
>> I think I see what you're getting at.  If we have a bss-specific fixup
>> routine I don't give a hoot where the bss is located at link time.  Its
>> just that that bss-aware fixup routine doesn't exist right now:)
>>
>> It seems like a clean solution.  Adding a bss-aware fixup routine or
>> putting the bss after the U-Boot image both seem good to me.  The
>> bss-aware fixup routine has a clearer readelf output and slightly more
>> complicated code while the bss-after-uboot change has a misleading
>> readelf output and simpler code.  In any case I'd give a thumbs up to
>> either of them.
>
> Sorry, just to be clear, where did you want to put the fixed up bss?
> Still at a low memory address, ie the original address at link time?  I
> had assumed if we were adding a bss-specific fixup we'd move it to the
> top of memory, near U-Boot, the malloc pool, etc.  I'd be all for
> relocating it to higher in memory, but wouldn't be too excited about
> leaving at a low memory address...  If we were to add bss fixups, we may
> as well move it to a location that lines up with the rest of U-Boot
> code, stack, and malloc, right?
>
> Best,
> Peter
>

The longer this thread goes on, the more obvious it becomes to me that a
basic dynamic loader which is 'ELF Aware' will overcome most (if not
ultimately all) of the problems being discussed in relation to relocation.

I have a proof-of-concept for this (written entirely in C) which I needed
to create due to the lack of a .fixup section on my arch (a limitation of
all but one arch to date). More to the point, the information regarding the
content of the ELF sections I was able to find wasn't even for the target
arch I wrote the code for - It is all very generic (to a point).

I think that even the -mrelocatable / .fixup method may not be needed at
all. -pie / -pic used by themselves creates enough information for an OS
dynamic loader to relocate an executable, so why not U-Boot? Given that
the type and location of each section is easily determined, a striped
down dynamic loader can provide a platform-independent relocation scheme.

I believe that relocation for all arches, and thus the permanent removal
of all the relocation fix ups littering the code, can be achieved far
quicker this way.

Regards,

Graeme

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Graeme Russ,

In message <d66caabb0910061824s4165d33bu5d5213f6783c09d0@mail.gmail.com> you wrote:
>
> I think that even the -mrelocatable / .fixup method may not be needed at
> all. -pie / -pic used by themselves creates enough information for an OS
> dynamic loader to relocate an executable, so why not U-Boot? Given that
> the type and location of each section is easily determined, a striped
> down dynamic loader can provide a platform-independent relocation scheme.

One reason for not using ELF images for the boot loader is size. The
ELF header alone is often more than we would be willing to accept, not
to mention the additional code.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
No one wants war.
	-- Kirk, "Errand of Mercy", stardate 3201.7

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Graeme Russ]

On Wed, Oct 7, 2009 at 5:55 PM, Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de> wrote:
> Dear Graeme Russ,
>
> In message <d66caabb0910061824s4165d33bu5d5213f6783c09d0@mail.gmail.com> you wrote:
>>
>> I think that even the -mrelocatable / .fixup method may not be needed at
>> all. -pie / -pic used by themselves creates enough information for an OS
>> dynamic loader to relocate an executable, so why not U-Boot? Given that
>> the type and location of each section is easily determined, a striped
>> down dynamic loader can provide a platform-independent relocation scheme.
>
> One reason for not using ELF images for the boot loader is size. The
> ELF header alone is often more than we would be willing to accept, not
> to mention the additional code.
>

But the headers get stripped from the final binary. All we are left with in
order to locate the ELF section data are the symbols exported from the
linker script

The extra code is only three very tight for-loops. I had them wrapped in
functions to improve readability, but they are good inline candidates (only
called once each) and I doubt they use much code space at all (I'll send
through actual numbers soon)

Question is, does -mrelocatable result in smaller .got (et al) are is the
.fixup section adding extra size for the sake of ease of implementation?


> Best regards,
>
> Wolfgang Denk
>

Regards,

Graeme

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Graeme Russ]

On Wed, Oct 7, 2009 at 8:56 PM, Graeme Russ <graeme.russ@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Wed, Oct 7, 2009 at 5:55 PM, Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de> wrote:
>> Dear Graeme Russ,
>>
>> In message <d66caabb0910061824s4165d33bu5d5213f6783c09d0@mail.gmail.com> you wrote:
>>
>> One reason for not using ELF images for the boot loader is size. The
>> ELF header alone is often more than we would be willing to accept, not
>> to mention the additional code.
>>
>

[snip]

> The extra code is only three very tight for-loops. I had them wrapped in
> functions to improve readability, but they are good inline candidates (only
> called once each) and I doubt they use much code space at all (I'll send
> through actual numbers soon)

341 bytes in the library archive for the ELF relocation code - I'm sure
inlining will further reduce the footprint


Regards,

Graeme

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Joakim Tjernlund]

>
> On Wed, Oct 7, 2009 at 5:55 PM, Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de> wrote:
> > Dear Graeme Russ,
> >
> > In message <d66caabb0910061824s4165d33bu5d5213f6783c09d0@mail.gmail.com> you wrote:
> >>
> >> I think that even the -mrelocatable / .fixup method may not be needed at
> >> all. -pie / -pic used by themselves creates enough information for an OS
> >> dynamic loader to relocate an executable, so why not U-Boot? Given that
> >> the type and location of each section is easily determined, a striped
> >> down dynamic loader can provide a platform-independent relocation scheme.
> >
> > One reason for not using ELF images for the boot loader is size. The
> > ELF header alone is often more than we would be willing to accept, not
> > to mention the additional code.
> >
>
> But the headers get stripped from the final binary. All we are left with in
> order to locate the ELF section data are the symbols exported from the
> linker script
>
> The extra code is only three very tight for-loops. I had them wrapped in
> functions to improve readability, but they are good inline candidates (only
> called once each) and I doubt they use much code space at all (I'll send
> through actual numbers soon)

But how much space in the extra sections you link in?

if size is comparable with fixup ptrs we should probably
consider using the same for ppc. Then we can use -fpic/-fpie and
that is significantly smaller then -fPIC on PPC.

>
> Question is, does -mrelocatable result in smaller .got (et al) are is the
> .fixup section adding extra size for the sake of ease of implementation?

fixup section expands with lots of ptrs, then fixup is placed just after .got

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[J. William Campbell]

Joakim Tjernlund wrote:
>> On Wed, Oct 7, 2009 at 5:55 PM, Wolfgang Denk <wd@denx.de> wrote:
>>     
>>> Dear Graeme Russ,
>>>
>>> In message <d66caabb0910061824s4165d33bu5d5213f6783c09d0@mail.gmail.com> you wrote:
>>>       
>>>> I think that even the -mrelocatable / .fixup method may not be needed at
>>>> all. -pie / -pic used by themselves creates enough information for an OS
>>>> dynamic loader to relocate an executable, so why not U-Boot? Given that
>>>> the type and location of each section is easily determined, a striped
>>>> down dynamic loader can provide a platform-independent relocation scheme.
>>>>         
>>> One reason for not using ELF images for the boot loader is size. The
>>> ELF header alone is often more than we would be willing to accept, not
>>> to mention the additional code.
>>>
>>>       
>> But the headers get stripped from the final binary. All we are left with in
>> order to locate the ELF section data are the symbols exported from the
>> linker script
>>
>> The extra code is only three very tight for-loops. I had them wrapped in
>> functions to improve readability, but they are good inline candidates (only
>> called once each) and I doubt they use much code space at all (I'll send
>> through actual numbers soon)
>>     
>
> But how much space in the extra sections you link in?
>
> if size is comparable with fixup ptrs we should probably
> consider using the same for ppc. Then we can use -fpic/-fpie and
> that is significantly smaller then -fPIC on PPC.
>
>   
>> Question is, does -mrelocatable result in smaller .got (et al) are is the
>> .fixup section adding extra size for the sake of ease of implementation?
>>     
>
> fixup section expands with lots of ptrs, then fixup is placed just after .got
>
>
>   
There is also a trade-off in using the -mrelocatable / .fixup method 
that should be considered in the general case. -fPIC or even -fpic code 
is almost always larger than the code generated for -mrelocateable, so 
it it the final size of the object blob in prom that matters, not just 
the length of the fixup segment. This effect is architecture dependent, 
where PIC is much cheaper on a PPC than on an Intel 386. So the "best" 
combination may depend on the chip.
I would also strongly encourage the -mrelocateable method be always 
available as an option. Historically, -fPIC has been buggy in initial 
releases of GCC for new architectures, probably because you can do 
useful work with just relocateable code and PIC can come "later". So it 
may be that u-boot would need an -mrelocateable approach for some period 
until -fPIC/-fpic worked. In any case, it would be a good fallback if 
one suspected a bug in PIC.

Best Regards,
Bill Campbell

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254872619.24664.3159.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
>  
> > Right, that's the current situation.
> > 
> > My suggestion was NOT to put the bss  at  a  fixed  _offset_  to  the
> > U-Boot  image,  but to a fixed absolute address. My hope is that this
> > might simplify the linker scripts at the cost of adding a little code
> > to the relocation routine - for addresses in the bss we would have to
> > add a different relocation offset.
> 
> I think I see what you're getting at.  If we have a bss-specific fixup
> routine I don't give a hoot where the bss is located at link time.  Its
> just that that bss-aware fixup routine doesn't exist right now:)

Right!!! Now you got it. Ufff...

> It seems like a clean solution.  Adding a bss-aware fixup routine or
> putting the bss after the U-Boot image both seem good to me.  The
> bss-aware fixup routine has a clearer readelf output and slightly more
> complicated code while the bss-after-uboot change has a misleading
> readelf output and simpler code.  In any case I'd give a thumbs up to
> either of them.

My vote is for the first, because otherwise we will run into
situations again and again where users and/or the linker get confused
about overlapping sections and/or sections wrapping around the
physical end of address space.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
"Maintain an awareness for contribution --  to  your  schedule,  your
project, our company."                         - A Group of Employees

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

> > It seems like a clean solution.  Adding a bss-aware fixup routine or
> > putting the bss after the U-Boot image both seem good to me.  The
> > bss-aware fixup routine has a clearer readelf output and slightly more
> > complicated code while the bss-after-uboot change has a misleading
> > readelf output and simpler code.  In any case I'd give a thumbs up to
> > either of them.
> 
> My vote is for the first, because otherwise we will run into
> situations again and again where users and/or the linker get confused
> about overlapping sections and/or sections wrapping around the
> physical end of address space.

Are you proposing adding this new bss fixup code to this release, or
rolling it into the next release along with Jocke's addition of
relocation code written in C-code?  Logically it'd be much easier to add
this new bss fixup logic to Jocke's 1 C-code function instead of 15
assembly files, but then we'd have to have a temporary 85xx workaround
just for this release (which is fine by me).

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter,

In message <1254916635.20662.22.camel@ptyser-laptop> you wrote:
> 
> > My vote is for the first, because otherwise we will run into
> > situations again and again where users and/or the linker get confused
> > about overlapping sections and/or sections wrapping around the
> > physical end of address space.
> 
> Are you proposing adding this new bss fixup code to this release, or
> rolling it into the next release along with Jocke's addition of
> relocation code written in C-code?  Logically it'd be much easier to add
> this new bss fixup logic to Jocke's 1 C-code function instead of 15
> assembly files, but then we'd have to have a temporary 85xx workaround
> just for this release (which is fine by me).

I can live with a temporary workaround, too. Given that we're already
in the middle of the "stabilization" period I prefer to delay this
bigger change until next release.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
The human race has one really effective weapon, and that is laughter.
                                                         - Mark Twain

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254862383.24664.2742.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
>
> What's the advantage of having the bss not be located next to U-Boot?

One advantage is that we might chose the same address for all boards,
and eventually for all Power processor families.

One disadvantage is that we need to relocate it separately, or we will
have a gap in the RAm memory map which is IMO not acceptable.

> The big disadvantage of picking an arbitrary address for the bss is that
> there's now 1 more magical section of SDRAM that the user needs to know
> shouldn't be used.  I already field enough question from people that

Why should it not be used?  You seem to be pretty fixed on that idea,
which is wrong. No code will ever be written to RAM at list location.

In the current setup, we don't write any code to RAM at 0x0 either.

> corrupt their exception vectors or stack/malloc pool/u-boot code, I
> don't want to add more bss questions:)

I cannot follow you here.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
Don't put off for tomorrow what you can  do  today,  because  if  you
enjoy it today you can do it again tomorrow.

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Wed, 2009-10-07 at 01:07 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> Dear Peter Tyser,
> 
> In message <1254862383.24664.2742.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
> >
> > What's the advantage of having the bss not be located next to U-Boot?
> 
> One advantage is that we might chose the same address for all boards,
> and eventually for all Power processor families.

We could achieve this wherever we end up putting the bss.  eg if people
think putting the bss right after the u-boot image is best, we can
update the 44x linker script, etc to do the same thing.  I think this
discussion is applicable to most any PPC board.

> One disadvantage is that we need to relocate it separately, or we will
> have a gap in the RAm memory map which is IMO not acceptable.

What does "relocating the bss separately" entail?

> > The big disadvantage of picking an arbitrary address for the bss is that
> > there's now 1 more magical section of SDRAM that the user needs to know
> > shouldn't be used.  I already field enough question from people that
> 
> Why should it not be used?  You seem to be pretty fixed on that idea,
> which is wrong. No code will ever be written to RAM at list location.

When I say user, I'm refering to an end user, eg a customer.  Not a
developer.

For arguments sake, lets say we developers put the bss at a "fixed
(random, non-zero) address" of 0x80000.  A user tftps an image to
0x80000 and suddenly their board starts acting up.

> In the current setup, we don't write any code to RAM at 0x0 either.

Right, and this limitation causes headaches.  I personally get lots of
questions from customers about why their board hangs when they tftp an
image to 0x0.  In a perfect world we'd only have 1 reserved section of
memory which contained the interrupt vectors, text, bss, malloc, stack,
etc.



> > corrupt their exception vectors or stack/malloc pool/u-boot code, I
> > don't want to add more bss questions:)

Its crappy to have 2 sections of memory that a user has to know not to
touch, I don't want to have 3:)

Maybe I'm not understanding your suggestion "to chose a fixed (random,
non-zero) address" for the bss.  That implies to me we choose an address
low memory (eg 0x10000) and put the bss there.  I think it'd be more
plausible for someone to blow this away accidentally than high memory by
U-Boot, and you also couldn't use any data stored in the bss after you
blow it away, eg right before jumping to a linux kernel.

Best,
Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Peter Tyser,

In message <1254871741.24664.3117.camel@localhost.localdomain> you wrote:
>
> > One disadvantage is that we need to relocate it separately, or we will
> > have a gap in the RAm memory map which is IMO not acceptable.
> 
> What does "relocating the bss separately" entail?

The relocation routine would have to check the relocated address; if
it falls into the bss, it has to add a different offset than
otherwise. This way the location of the bss after relocation is moved
close to the U-Boot image, avoiding gaps that just cost memory.

> > Why should it not be used?  You seem to be pretty fixed on that idea,
> > which is wrong. No code will ever be written to RAM at list location.
> 
> When I say user, I'm refering to an end user, eg a customer.  Not a
> developer.

Me too.

> For arguments sake, lets say we developers put the bss at a "fixed
> (random, non-zero) address" of 0x80000.  A user tftps an image to
> 0x80000 and suddenly their board starts acting up.

No, it doesn't. It works perfectly well. The 0x80000 address is
something that is ONLY used in the image as created by the linker, i.
e. _before_ relocation. We no data gets ever written there. The end
user who runs TFTP sees the system _after_ relocation, when the real
bss has been allocated in high memory (just as it is now) and all
symbols have been fixed up.

> > In the current setup, we don't write any code to RAM at 0x0 either.
> 
> Right, and this limitation causes headaches.  I personally get lots of
> questions from customers about why their board hangs when they tftp an
> image to 0x0.  In a perfect world we'd only have 1 reserved section of
> memory which contained the interrupt vectors, text, bss, malloc, stack,
> etc.

But this has _nothing_ to do with the fact that the bss is at 0x0. The
problem is caused by overwriting the exception vectors, which is a
completely different story.

> > > corrupt their exception vectors or stack/malloc pool/u-boot code, I
> > > don't want to add more bss questions:)
> 
> Its crappy to have 2 sections of memory that a user has to know not to
> touch, I don't want to have 3:)

Neither do I. This would not change.

> Maybe I'm not understanding your suggestion "to chose a fixed (random,
> non-zero) address" for the bss.  That implies to me we choose an address
> low memory (eg 0x10000) and put the bss there.  I think it'd be more

Yes, but ONLY for linking the image. Here the bss address is just
_any_ address, more or less a virtual thing that just needs to be
there so we can calculate the size later.

After relocation, i. e. when the end user sees it, the setupo shall be
exactly the same as now, i. e. allocation of memory starting from end
of available RAM downward would look like that:

	[End of RAM]
	if configured: area that won't get touched by U-Boot and Linux
	if configured: shared log buffer
	if configured: pRAM (Protected RAM - unchanged by reset)
	if configured: LCD or video framebuffer
	.bss
	.u_boot_cmd
	.data
	.rodata
	.text
	malloc arena
	board info struct
	stack (growing downward)

Except for gaps caused for alignment purposes, these parts shall be
tightly packed to make for as small a memory footprint as possible.

> plausible for someone to blow this away accidentally than high memory by
> U-Boot, and you also couldn't use any data stored in the bss after you
> blow it away, eg right before jumping to a linux kernel.

You still fail to understand that the bss "address" as used for the
linking of the image is unrelated to the storage area that later gets
zeroed and used as bss. The former is before, the later after
relocation to RAM.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
In order to succeed in any enterprise, one  must  be  persistent  and
patient.  Even  if  one  has to run some risks, one must be brave and
strong enough to meet and overcome vexing challenges  to  maintain  a
successful  business  in  the  long  run.  I  cannot help saying that
Americans lack this necessary challenging spirit today.
- Hajime Karatsu

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Kumar Gala]

On Oct 6, 2009, at 1:08 PM, Peter Tyser wrote:

> On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 19:51 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
>> Dear Peter Tyser,
>>
>> In message <1254843932.24664.2083.camel@localhost.localdomain> you  
>> wrote:
>>>
>>> I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss  
>>> after
>>> the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool,  
>>> stack,
>>> bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the  
>>> side
>>> benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.
>>
>> OK, if you think so...
>>
>>> I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
>>> doing it?
>>
>> Nothing. I just hate to allocate the bss at 0x0, because this is
>> actually incorrect - it's the result of an address overflow /
>> truncation, and pretty much misleading to someone trying to read and
>> understand the code. For the linked image, it does not _look_ as if
>> the bss was located _after_ the U-Boot image, it looks detached and
>> allocated in low RAM.
>
> Do you have a preference Kumar?  You're probably going to be the first
> in line to have to deal with any resulting confusion:)
>
> I personally would rank the options:
> 1. OR in an offset to the bss address and leave some good comments in
> the linker script and commit message
>
> 2. Make the bss the last section like other PPC boards which would
> result in the bootpg sometimes being overwritten
>
> 3. Put the bss at an arbitrary address

I don't have a preference, but maybe I missed the answer to my  
question about where does 44x put the BSS.

Is it possible to put it before TEXTBASE?

- k

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 15:46 -0500, Kumar Gala wrote:
> On Oct 6, 2009, at 1:08 PM, Peter Tyser wrote:
> 
> > On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 19:51 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> >> Dear Peter Tyser,
> >>
> >> In message <1254843932.24664.2083.camel@localhost.localdomain> you  
> >> wrote:
> >>>
> >>> I personally like the current implementation of putting the bss  
> >>> after
> >>> the entire U-Boot image.  It keeps U-Boot's code, malloc pool,  
> >>> stack,
> >>> bss, etc all in the same general area which is nice, and has the  
> >>> side
> >>> benefit that the bootpg won't be overwritten.
> >>
> >> OK, if you think so...
> >>
> >>> I know ORing in 0x10 is a bit ugly, but what's the real downside of
> >>> doing it?
> >>
> >> Nothing. I just hate to allocate the bss at 0x0, because this is
> >> actually incorrect - it's the result of an address overflow /
> >> truncation, and pretty much misleading to someone trying to read and
> >> understand the code. For the linked image, it does not _look_ as if
> >> the bss was located _after_ the U-Boot image, it looks detached and
> >> allocated in low RAM.
> >
> > Do you have a preference Kumar?  You're probably going to be the first
> > in line to have to deal with any resulting confusion:)
> >
> > I personally would rank the options:
> > 1. OR in an offset to the bss address and leave some good comments in
> > the linker script and commit message
> >
> > 2. Make the bss the last section like other PPC boards which would
> > result in the bootpg sometimes being overwritten
> >
> > 3. Put the bss at an arbitrary address
> 
> I don't have a preference, but maybe I missed the answer to my  
> question about where does 44x put the BSS.

The 44x boards put the bss after "the rest" of u-boot, but before the
bootpg section.  Sometimes the bss might overlap the bootpg which would
mean the bootpg would get zeroed out on bootup and the bss would "wrap
around to 0 (which is fine, just confusing).  Eg:
 
  [ 0]                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0
  [ 1] .resetvec         PROGBITS        fffffffc 03f2e4 000004 00  AX  0   0  1
  [ 2] .bootpg           PROGBITS        fffff000 03e2e8 000250 00  AX  0   0  1
  [ 3] .text             PROGBITS        fff80000 000094 0303b0 00  AX  0   0  4
  [ 4] .rodata           PROGBITS        fffb03b0 030444 00a14c 00   A  0   0  4
  [ 5] .reloc            PROGBITS        fffba500 03a594 002280 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 6] .data             PROGBITS        fffbc780 03c814 00088c 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 7] .data.rel.local   PROGBITS        fffbd00c 03d0a0 000a98 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 8] .data.rel.ro.loca PROGBITS        fffbdaa4 03db38 0000b0 00  WA  0   0  4
  [ 9] .data.rel         PROGBITS        fffbdb54 03dbe8 000100 00  WA  0   0  4
  [10] .u_boot_cmd       PROGBITS        fffbdc54 03dce8 000600 00  WA  0   0  4
  [11] .bss              NOBITS          fffbe300 03e2e8 011c44 00  WA  0   0  4

> Is it possible to put it before TEXTBASE?

I looked into that originally but couldn't get it to work via the linker
script alone.  If we wanted to hardcode a bss size, we could pass "-Tbss
<TEXTBASE - HARDCODED_BSS_SIZE>" to ld to position it.  We could
allocate some relatively huge chunk of memory for it below TEXTBASE, but
I'm not sure we could make it dynamically sized.

Peter

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Stefan Roese]

On Tuesday 06 October 2009 17:22:10 Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> > My concern was that we use __bss_start and _end to calculate the size of
> > the bss to zero out.  If the bss wraps, I'd be concerned about what gets
> > cleared as _end would be truncated to a low memory address while
> > __bss_start would be a high memory address.  Or other similar problems -
> > I didn't investigate what would really happen, I was just worried what
> > could happen:)
> 
> So far U-Boot is actually a 32 bit boot loader; address calculations
> like this "just wrap around". So far this has not caused problems yet;
> what has caused problems is that we can have overlapping sections on
> 4xx. Also it's probably overkill that each board has it's own linker
> script.
> 
> I would like to see this fixed in this process. Maybe Stefan finds
> some spare cycles to address this.

Yes, the consolidation of the 4xx linker scripts is definitely something that 
should be worked on. Again, I'll put it on my to-do list. But I won't complain 
if somebody else sends some patches here. ;)

Cheers,
Stefan

--
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,      MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich,  Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-0 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: office at denx.de

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Kumar Gala,

In message <1DE23DE0-B901-4E15-845C-43889EE0B178@kernel.crashing.org> you wrote:
> 
...
> > But bss is NOLOAD, and the actual location in the flash is just a
> > fiction - we never use anything of this but the start address.
> 
> Where is BSS on 44x boards?  I dont see any reason we shouldn't be  
> able to put it at the same location.

Um... maybe Stefan should explain this.  I don't want to have to ;-)

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
If you think the problem is bad now, just wait until we've solved it.
                                                        Epstein's Law

[U-Boot] [PATCH 0/2] Make sure 85xx bss doesn't start at 0x0

[Peter Tyser]

On Tue, 2009-10-06 at 17:04 +0200, Wolfgang Denk wrote:
> Dear Kumar Gala,
> 
> In message <1DE23DE0-B901-4E15-845C-43889EE0B178@kernel.crashing.org> you wrote:
> > 
> ...
> > > But bss is NOLOAD, and the actual location in the flash is just a
> > > fiction - we never use anything of this but the start address.
> > 
> > Where is BSS on 44x boards?  I dont see any reason we shouldn't be  
> > able to put it at the same location.
> 
> Um... maybe Stefan should explain this.  I don't want to have to ;-)

The 44x boards look the same as 85xx used to be - the bss is the last
section in the ELF, but it has the downside that the code in the bootpg
will be zeroed out along with the bss if the U-Boot image is near its
maximum size and the bss overlaps the bootpg.  Kumar prevented this
(whether he meant to or not:) by putting the bss after the entire U-Boot
image.

Best,
Peter