[U-Boot] [PATCH v5] palmtreo680: add utility that writes u-boot to flash

Mike Dunn
2013-04-19T19:28:21Z

This adds a userspace linux utility that writes the u-boot image to an mtd
partition on the docg4 nand flash.

A special utility is required to do this because u-boot is partially loaded by
an initial program loader (IPL) that is permanently programmed to the boot
region of the flash. This IPL expects the image to be written in a unique
format. The characteristics of this format can be summarized as follows:
- Flash blocks to be loaded must have a magic number in the oob bytes of the
first page of the block.
- Each page must be written redundantly in the subsequent page.
- The integrated flash controller's "reliable mode" is used, requiring that
alternate 2k regions (4 pages) are skipped when writing.
For these reasons, a u-boot image can not be written using nandwrite from
mtd-utils.

Signed-off-by: Mike Dunn <mikedunn@newsguy.com>
---
Changelog:
v5: on error, return sensible code from errno.h
v4:
- use return instead of exit
- use calloc() instead of malloc()
- remove call to read() from within while loop test
v3: new patch; split off from patch 7 in v2 of patchset

tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c | 177 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 files changed, 177 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c

diff --git a/tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c b/tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d8296f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/palmtreo680/flash_u-boot.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Mike Dunn <mikedunn@newsguy.com>
+ *
+ * This file is released under the terms of GPL v2 and any later version.
+ * See the file COPYING in the root directory of the source tree for details.
+ *
+ *
+ * This is a userspace Linux utility that, when run on the Treo 680, will
+ * program u-boot to flash. The docg4 driver *must* be loaded with the
+ * reliable_mode and ignore_badblocks parameters enabled:
+ *
+ * modprobe docg4 ignore_badblocks=1 reliable_mode=1
+ *
+ * This utility writes the concatenated spl + u-boot image to the start of the
+ * mtd device in the format expected by the IPL/SPL. The image file and mtd
+ * device node are passed to the utility as arguments. The blocks must have
+ * been erased beforehand.
+ *
+ * When you compile this, note that it links to libmtd from mtd-utils, so ensure
+ * that your include and lib paths include this.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <mtd/mtd-user.h>
+#include "libmtd.h"
+
+#define RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE 0x10000 /* block capacity in reliable mode */
+#define STANDARD_BLOCKSIZE 0x40000 /* block capacity in normal mode */
+#define PAGESIZE 512
+#define PAGES_PER_BLOCK 512
+#define OOBSIZE 7 /* available to user (16 total) */
+
+uint8_t ff_oob[OOBSIZE] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+
+/* this is the magic number the IPL looks for (ASCII "BIPO") */
+uint8_t page0_oob[OOBSIZE] = {'B', 'I', 'P', 'O', 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
+
+int main(int argc, char * const argv[])
+{
+ int devfd, datafd, num_blocks, block;
+ off_t file_size;
+ libmtd_t mtd_desc;
+ struct mtd_dev_info devinfo;
+ uint8_t *blockbuf;
+ char response[8];
+
+ if (argc != 3) {
+ printf("usage: %s <image file> \n", argv[0]);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ mtd_desc = libmtd_open();
+ if (mtd_desc == NULL) {
+ int errsv = errno;
+ fprintf(stderr, "can't initialize libmtd\n");
+ return -errsv;
+ }
+
+ /* open the spl image file and mtd device */
+ datafd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
+ if (datafd == -1) {
+ int errsv = errno;
+ perror(argv[1]);
+ return -errsv;
+ }
+ devfd = open(argv[2], O_WRONLY);
+ if (devfd == -1) {
+ int errsv = errno;
+ perror(argv[2]);
+ return -errsv;
+ }
+ if (mtd_get_dev_info(mtd_desc, argv[2], &devinfo) < 0) {
+ int errsv = errno;
+ perror(argv[2]);
+ return -errsv;
+ }
+
+ /* determine the number of blocks needed by the image */
+ file_size = lseek(datafd, 0, SEEK_END);
+ if (file_size == (off_t)-1) {
+ int errsv = errno;
+ perror("lseek");
+ return -errsv;
+ }
+ num_blocks = (file_size + RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE - 1) / RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE;
+ file_size = lseek(datafd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+ if (file_size == (off_t)-1) {
+ int errsv = errno;
+ perror("lseek");
+ return -errsv;
+ }
+ printf("The mtd partition contains %d blocks\n", devinfo.eb_cnt);
+ printf("U-boot will occupy %d blocks\n", num_blocks);
+ if (num_blocks > devinfo.eb_cnt) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "Insufficient blocks on partition\n");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ printf("IMPORTANT: These blocks must be in an erased state!\n");
+ printf("Do you want to proceed?\n");
+ scanf("%s", response);
+ if ((response[0] != 'y') && (response[0] != 'Y')) {
+ printf("Exiting\n");
+ close(devfd);
+ close(datafd);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ blockbuf = calloc(RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE, 1);
+ if (blockbuf == NULL) {
+ int errsv = errno;
+ perror("calloc");
+ return -errsv;
+ }
+
+ for (block = 0; block < num_blocks; block++) {
+ int ofs, page;
+ uint8_t *pagebuf = blockbuf, *buf = blockbuf;
+ uint8_t *oobbuf = page0_oob; /* magic num in oob of 1st page */
+ size_t len = RELIABLE_BLOCKSIZE;
+ int ret;
+
+ /* read data for one block from file */
+ while (len) {
+ ssize_t read_ret = read(datafd, buf, len);
+ if (read_ret == -1) {
+ int errsv = errno;
+ if (errno == EINTR)
+ continue;
+ perror("read");
+ return -errsv;
+ } else if (read_ret == 0) {
+ break; /* EOF */
+ }
+ len -= read_ret;
+ buf += read_ret;
+ }
+
+ printf("Block %d: writing\r", block + 1);
+ fflush(stdout);
+
+ for (page = 0, ofs = 0;
+ page < PAGES_PER_BLOCK;
+ page++, ofs += PAGESIZE) {
+ if (page & 0x04) /* Odd-numbered 2k page */
+ continue; /* skipped in reliable mode */
+
+ ret = mtd_write(mtd_desc, &devinfo, devfd, block, ofs,
+ pagebuf, PAGESIZE, oobbuf, OOBSIZE,
+ MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB);
+ if (ret) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "\nmtd_write returned %d on block %d, ofs %x\n",
+ ret, block + 1, ofs);
+ return -EIO;
+ }
+ oobbuf = ff_oob; /* oob for subsequent pages */
+
+ if (page & 0x01) /* odd-numbered subpage */
+ pagebuf += PAGESIZE;
+ }
+ }
+
+ printf("\nDone\n");
+
+ close(devfd);
+ close(datafd);
+ free(blockbuf);
+ return 0;
+}
--
1.7.8.6