[U-Boot] [PATCH v4 3/8] ARM: add assembly routine to switch to non-secure state

Andre Przywara
2013-08-09T15:03:07Z

While actually switching to non-secure state is one thing, another
part of this process is to make sure that we still have full access
to the interrupt controller (GIC).
The GIC is fully aware of secure vs. non-secure state, some
registers are banked, others may be configured to be accessible from
secure state only.
To be as generic as possible, we get the GIC memory mapped address
based on the PERIPHBASE value in the CBAR register. Since this
register is not architecturally defined, we check the MIDR before to
be from an A15 or A7.
For CPUs not having the CBAR or boards with wrong information herein
we allow providing the base address as a configuration variable.

Now that we know the GIC address, we:
a) allow private interrupts to be delivered to the core
(GICD_IGROUPR0 = 0xFFFFFFFF)
b) enable the CPU interface (GICC_CTLR[0] = 1)
c) set the priority filter to allow non-secure interrupts
(GICC_PMR = 0xFF)

Also we allow access to all coprocessor interfaces from non-secure
state by writing the appropriate bits in the NSACR register.

The generic timer base frequency register is only accessible from
secure state, so we have to program it now. Actually this should be
done from primary firmware before, but some boards seems to omit
this, so if needed we do this here with a board specific value.
The Versatile Express board does not need this, so we remove the
frequency from the configuration file here.

After having switched to non-secure state, we also enable the
non-secure GIC CPU interface, since this register is banked.

Since we need to call this routine also directly from the smp_pen
later (where we don't have any stack), we can only use caller saved
registers r0-r3 and r12 to not mess with the compiler.

Signed-off-by: Andre Przywara <andre.przywara@linaro.org>
---
arch/arm/cpu/armv7/nonsec_virt.S | 86 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
arch/arm/include/asm/armv7.h | 21 +++++++++
arch/arm/include/asm/gic.h | 17 ++++++++
include/configs/vexpress_ca15_tc2.h | 2 -
4 files changed, 124 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 arch/arm/include/asm/gic.h

diff --git a/arch/arm/cpu/armv7/nonsec_virt.S b/arch/arm/cpu/armv7/nonsec_virt.S
index dbe5c0f..81384df 100644
--- a/arch/arm/cpu/armv7/nonsec_virt.S
+++ b/arch/arm/cpu/armv7/nonsec_virt.S
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@
*/

#include <config.h>
+#include <linux/linkage.h>
+#include <asm/gic.h>
+#include <asm/armv7.h>
+
+.arch_extension sec

/* the vector table for secure state */
_monitor_vectors:
@@ -53,3 +58,84 @@ _secure_monitor:

movs pc, lr @ return to non-secure SVC

+/*
+ * Switch a core to non-secure state.
+ *
+ * 1. initialize the GIC per-core interface
+ * 2. allow coprocessor access in non-secure modes
+ * 3. switch the cpu mode (by calling "smc #0")
+ *
+ * Called from smp_pen by secondary cores and directly by the BSP.
+ * Do not assume that the stack is available and only use registers
+ * r0-r3 and r12.
+ *
+ * PERIPHBASE is used to get the GIC address. This could be 40 bits long,
+ * though, but we check this in C before calling this function.
+ */
+ENTRY(_nonsec_init)
+#ifdef CONFIG_ARM_GIC_BASE_ADDRESS
+ ldr r2, =CONFIG_ARM_GIC_BASE_ADDRESS
+#else
+ mrc p15, 4, r2, c15, c0, 0 @ read CBAR
+ bfc r2, #0, #15 @ clear reserved bits
+#endif
+ add r3, r2, #GIC_DIST_OFFSET @ GIC dist i/f offset
+ mvn r1, #0 @ all bits to 1
+ str r1, [r3, #GICD_IGROUPRn] @ allow private interrupts
+
+ mrc p15, 0, r0, c0, c0, 0 @ read MIDR
+ ldr r1, =MIDR_PRIMARY_PART_MASK
+ and r0, r0, r1 @ mask out variant and revision
+
+ ldr r1, =MIDR_CORTEX_A7_R0P0 & MIDR_PRIMARY_PART_MASK
+ cmp r0, r1 @ check for Cortex-A7
+
+ ldr r1, =MIDR_CORTEX_A15_R0P0 & MIDR_PRIMARY_PART_MASK
+ cmpne r0, r1 @ check for Cortex-A15
+
+ movne r1, #GIC_CPU_OFFSET_A9 @ GIC CPU offset for A9
+ moveq r1, #GIC_CPU_OFFSET_A15 @ GIC CPU offset for A15/A7
+ add r3, r2, r1 @ r3 = GIC CPU i/f addr
+
+ mov r1, #1 @ set GICC_CTLR[enable]
+ str r1, [r3, #GICC_CTLR] @ and clear all other bits
+ mov r1, #0xff
+ str r1, [r3, #GICC_PMR] @ set priority mask register
+
+ movw r1, #0x3fff
+ movt r1, #0x0006
+ mcr p15, 0, r1, c1, c1, 2 @ NSACR = all copros to non-sec
+
+/* The CNTFRQ register of the generic timer needs to be
+ * programmed in secure state. Some primary bootloaders / firmware
+ * omit this, so if the frequency is provided in the configuration,
+ * we do this here instead.
+ * But first check if we have the generic timer.
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_CLK_FREQ
+ mrc p15, 0, r0, c0, c1, 1 @ read ID_PFR1
+ and r0, r0, #CPUID_ARM_GENTIMER_MASK @ mask arch timer bits
+ cmp r0, #(1 << CPUID_ARM_GENTIMER_SHIFT)
+ ldreq r1, =CONFIG_SYS_CLK_FREQ
+ mcreq p15, 0, r1, c14, c0, 0 @ write CNTFRQ
+#endif
+
+ adr r1, _monitor_vectors
+ mcr p15, 0, r1, c12, c0, 1 @ set MVBAR to secure vectors
+
+ mrc p15, 0, ip, c12, c0, 0 @ save secure copy of VBAR
+
+ isb
+ smc #0 @ call into MONITOR mode
+
+ mcr p15, 0, ip, c12, c0, 0 @ write non-secure copy of VBAR
+
+ mov r1, #1
+ str r1, [r3, #GICC_CTLR] @ enable non-secure CPU i/f
+ add r2, r2, #GIC_DIST_OFFSET
+ str r1, [r2, #GICD_CTLR] @ allow private interrupts
+
+ mov r0, r3 @ return GICC address
+
+ bx lr
+ENDPROC(_nonsec_init)
diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/armv7.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/armv7.h
index 20caa7c..3e4b743 100644
--- a/arch/arm/include/asm/armv7.h
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/armv7.h
@@ -34,6 +34,22 @@
#define MIDR_CORTEX_A15_R0P0 0x410FC0F0
#define MIDR_CORTEX_A15_R2P2 0x412FC0F2

+/* Cortex-A7 revisions */
+#define MIDR_CORTEX_A7_R0P0 0x410FC070
+
+#define MIDR_PRIMARY_PART_MASK 0xFF0FFFF0
+
+/* ID_PFR1 feature fields */
+#define CPUID_ARM_SEC_SHIFT 4
+#define CPUID_ARM_SEC_MASK (0xF << CPUID_ARM_SEC_SHIFT)
+#define CPUID_ARM_VIRT_SHIFT 12
+#define CPUID_ARM_VIRT_MASK (0xF << CPUID_ARM_VIRT_SHIFT)
+#define CPUID_ARM_GENTIMER_SHIFT 16
+#define CPUID_ARM_GENTIMER_MASK (0xF << CPUID_ARM_GENTIMER_SHIFT)
+
+/* valid bits in CBAR register / PERIPHBASE value */
+#define CBAR_MASK 0xFFFF8000
+
/* CCSIDR */
#define CCSIDR_LINE_SIZE_OFFSET 0
#define CCSIDR_LINE_SIZE_MASK 0x7
@@ -76,6 +92,11 @@ void v7_outer_cache_inval_all(void);
void v7_outer_cache_flush_range(u32 start, u32 end);
void v7_outer_cache_inval_range(u32 start, u32 end);

+#ifdef CONFIG_ARMV7_NONSEC
+/* defined in assembly file */
+unsigned int _nonsec_init(void);
+#endif /* CONFIG_ARMV7_NONSEC */
+
#endif /* ! __ASSEMBLY__ */

#endif
diff --git a/arch/arm/include/asm/gic.h b/arch/arm/include/asm/gic.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2b1e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/arm/include/asm/gic.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#ifndef __GIC_V2_H__
+#define __GIC_V2_H__
+
+/* register offsets for the ARM generic interrupt controller (GIC) */
+
+#define GIC_DIST_OFFSET 0x1000
+#define GICD_CTLR 0x0000
+#define GICD_TYPER 0x0004
+#define GICD_IGROUPRn 0x0080
+#define GICD_SGIR 0x0F00
+
+#define GIC_CPU_OFFSET_A9 0x0100
+#define GIC_CPU_OFFSET_A15 0x2000
+#define GICC_CTLR 0x0000
+#define GICC_PMR 0x0004
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/configs/vexpress_ca15_tc2.h b/include/configs/vexpress_ca15_tc2.h
index 9e230ad..4f425ac 100644
--- a/include/configs/vexpress_ca15_tc2.h
+++ b/include/configs/vexpress_ca15_tc2.h
@@ -31,6 +31,4 @@
#include "vexpress_common.h"
#define CONFIG_BOOTP_VCI_STRING "U-boot.armv7.vexpress_ca15x2_tc2"

-#define CONFIG_SYS_CLK_FREQ 24000000
-
#endif
--
1.7.12.1