[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Jonas Dietsche]

Hello List,

I'm interested in booting a linux image from a USB memory stick.
I configured u-boot (version 1.1.2) to provide me with the usb commands.
I try to load the image with the following commands.
usb rest
usb scan
usbboot 10000 0:1

The usbboot command ends up with
Loading from USB device 0, partition 1: Name: usbda1
   Type: U-Boot
First Block: 32,  # of blocks: 255456, Block Size: 512

** Bad Magic Number **

The image is the same I download with the tftp command. Should I create 
the image in a different way?

Thanks for your hints.
Jonas

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Wolfgang Denk]

Hallo Jonas,

in message <41FFB499.1060804@fsforth.de> you wrote:
> 
> I'm interested in booting a linux image from a USB memory stick.
> I configured u-boot (version 1.1.2) to provide me with the usb commands.
> I try to load the image with the following commands.
> usb rest

rest or reset?

> usb scan
> usbboot 10000 0:1
> 
> The usbboot command ends up with
> Loading from USB device 0, partition 1: Name: usbda1
>    Type: U-Boot
> First Block: 32,  # of blocks: 255456, Block Size: 512
> 
> ** Bad Magic Number **

Ummm... the number of blocks is obviously bogus -  255456  blocks  is
124  MB;  I  don't  think  that's the real size of your kernel image.
Probably you made some error when storing the image to the USB stick.

> The image is the same I download with the tftp command. Should I create 
> the image in a different way?

How did you write the image to the USB stick?

You can also try looking at the image data, something like this:

=> tft 100000 uImage
=> md 100000
=> usb read 200000 20 10
=> md 200000

Do you see any difference?

Viele Gr??e,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
Software Engineering:  Embedded and Realtime Systems,  Embedded Linux
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
It may be bad manners to talk with your mouth full, but it isn't  too
good either if you speak when your head is empty.

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Jonas Dietsche]

Hallo Wolfgang,

>>I'm interested in booting a linux image from a USB memory stick.
>>I configured u-boot (version 1.1.2) to provide me with the usb commands.
>>I try to load the image with the following commands.
>>usb rest
> 
> 
> rest or reset?
reset, of course. Just a typo ;-)

>>Loading from USB device 0, partition 1: Name: usbda1
>>   Type: U-Boot
>>First Block: 32,  # of blocks: 255456, Block Size: 512
>>
>>** Bad Magic Number **
> 
> 
> Ummm... the number of blocks is obviously bogus -  255456  blocks  is
> 124  MB;  I  don't  think  that's the real size of your kernel image.
> Probably you made some error when storing the image to the USB stick.
Just played around with my usb stick and reduced the size of the first 
partition. When I now try the usbboot command the number of blocks is 
exact the size of the partition.
Is there a special way of creating the image or can I use the same I use 
with the tftp command?

> How did you write the image to the USB stick?
I tried to follow DULG -booting from IDE, Compact Flash. Maybe it was 
not a good idea...
Copied it from my host to the stick. This is not the proper way?

Can you tell me which fs to use? I tried it with dos.

Mit freundlichem Gru?,
Jonas

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Wolfgang Denk]

Hallo Jonas,

in message <4200EE8D.3020901@fsforth.de> you wrote:
> 
> Just played around with my usb stick and reduced the size of the first 
> partition. When I now try the usbboot command the number of blocks is 
> exact the size of the partition.

This doesn't make sense.

> Is there a special way of creating the image or can I use the same I use 
> with the tftp command?

You use the very same image.

Does the "usbboot" command print the image header? Does the data look
correct, especially the image size?

> > How did you write the image to the USB stick?
> I tried to follow DULG -booting from IDE, Compact Flash. Maybe it was 
> not a good idea...

Actually this should work.

> Copied it from my host to the stick. This is not the proper way?

It is.

> Can you tell me which fs to use? I tried it with dos.

DOS, VFAT and ext2 have been tested by  myself;  never  tried  reiser
yet.


Try adding some debug prints to "common/cmd_usb.c"; like here:

    396         hdr = (image_header_t *)addr;
    397
    398         if (hdr->ih_magic == IH_MAGIC) {
    399                 print_image_hdr (hdr);
    400                 cnt = (hdr->ih_size + sizeof(image_header_t));
    401                 cnt += info.blksz - 1;
    402                 cnt /= info.blksz;
    403                 cnt -= 1;
    404         } else {
    405                 printf("\n** Bad Magic Number **\n");
    406                 return 1;
    407         }

Check  if  the  value  of  "cnt"  looks  sane  to  you.  Verify  that
hdr->ih_size and info.blksz hold correct values.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
Software Engineering:  Embedded and Realtime Systems,  Embedded Linux
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
"I've seen it. It's rubbish."          - Marvin the Paranoid Android

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Jonas Dietsche]

Hallo Wolfgang,

>>Just played around with my usb stick and reduced the size of the first 
>>partition. When I now try the usbboot command the number of blocks is 
>>exact the size of the partition.
> 
> 
> This doesn't make sense.
> 
> 
I did the following steps:

A9M9750 # usb part
print_part of 0

Partition Map for USB device 0  --   Partition Type: DOS

Partition     Start Sector     Num Sectors     Type
     1                    1           10239      83
     2                10240           10240      83
     3                20480          235520      83

A9M9750 # usbboot 10000 0:1

Loading from USB device 0, partition 1: Name: usbda1
   Type: U-Boot
First Block: 1,  # of blocks: 10239, Block Size: 512

** Bad Magic Number **

Ok, let me see if the image on the stick is corrupt. I loaded it with 
the fatload command.
A9M9750 # fatload usb 0:1 10000 uImage
reading uImage
...............................................................................................................

1144120 bytes read
A9M9750 # bootm
## Booting image at 00010000 ...
    Image Name:   Linux-2.6.10-fs1
    Created:      2005-02-02  13:23:01 UTC
    Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
    Data Size:    1144056 Bytes =  1.1 MB
    Load Address: 00008000
    Entry Point:  00008000
    Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK

And it works. Nice. But whats going/I'm doing wrong with the usbboot 
command?

> Does the "usbboot" command print the image header? Does the data look
> correct, especially the image size?
Not at all. So

> Try adding some debug prints to "common/cmd_usb.c"; like here:
> 
>     396         hdr = (image_header_t *)addr;
>     397
>     398         if (hdr->ih_magic == IH_MAGIC) {
>     399                 print_image_hdr (hdr);
>     400                 cnt = (hdr->ih_size + sizeof(image_header_t));
>     401                 cnt += info.blksz - 1;
>     402                 cnt /= info.blksz;
>     403                 cnt -= 1;
>     404         } else {
>     405                 printf("\n** Bad Magic Number **\n");
>     406                 return 1;
>     407         }
I put the print_image_hdr() before the if clause, but as expected I only 
get garbage.
    Image Name:
    Created:      2024-06-19  15:57:52 UTC
    Image Type:   Invalid CPU Invalid OS Invalid Image (uncompressed)
    Data Size:    33816832 Bytes = 32.3 MB
    Load Address: 020002fe
    Entry Point:  27f80800

Gru?,
Jonas

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Wolfgang Denk]

Hallo Jonas,

in message <42020ABB.2010106@fsforth.de> you wrote:
> 
> A9M9750 # usbboot 10000 0:1
> 
> Loading from USB device 0, partition 1: Name: usbda1
>    Type: U-Boot
> First Block: 1,  # of blocks: 10239, Block Size: 512
> 
> ** Bad Magic Number **
> 
> Ok, let me see if the image on the stick is corrupt. I loaded it with 
> the fatload command.

fatload? FATLOAD??? You mean you have a FAT filesystem on that partition???

Than why do you try using usbboot? usbboot like diskboot try to  load
an U-Boot image from a RAW partition, i. e. without any filesystem on
it.

> A9M9750 # fatload usb 0:1 10000 uImage

If you have a  FAT  filesystem you should use fatload  to load your image.
If you have an ext2 filesystem you should use ext2load to load your image.
If you have a  foo  filesystem you should use fooload  to load your image.

> And it works. Nice. But whats going/I'm doing wrong with the usbboot 
> command?

You used the command without having a valid image IN THE RAW PARTITION.

The "First Block: 1, # of blocks: 10239,  Block  Size:  512"  message
should  not  be  printed at all; it is actually debug code only. I'll
change this in the code. I'll also make the code  verify  the  header
checksum  -  just  relying  on the magic number is probably a bit too
weak.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
Software Engineering:  Embedded and Realtime Systems,  Embedded Linux
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
The high cost of living hasn't affected its popularity.

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Jonas Dietsche]

Hallo Wolfgang,

>>A9M9750 # usbboot 10000 0:1
>>
>>Loading from USB device 0, partition 1: Name: usbda1
>>   Type: U-Boot
>>First Block: 1,  # of blocks: 10239, Block Size: 512
>>
>>** Bad Magic Number **
>>
>>Ok, let me see if the image on the stick is corrupt. I loaded it with 
>>the fatload command.
> 
> 
> fatload? FATLOAD??? You mean you have a FAT filesystem on that partition???
:-O hope you havn't got a heart attack...

> Than why do you try using usbboot? usbboot like diskboot try to  load
> an U-Boot image from a RAW partition, i. e. without any filesystem on
> it.
I thought you told me that you tested it with a FS.... Maybe I 
misunderstood something.
Ok, put my image to the RAW partiton and executed usbboot again. Still 
the same problem like above...
Copied the image into RAM with usb read (hope it is correct) and then 
bootm. That works.
Then I removed the "if (hdr->ih_magic == IH_MAGIC)" in common/cmd_usb.c, 
set cnt to a suitable value and tested usbboot again. This works, too.

Perhaps I find out how to solve that.

Thanks for your help!

Regards,
Jonas

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Wolfgang Denk]

In message <42023F73.3090209@fsforth.de> you wrote:
> 
> I thought you told me that you tested it with a FS.... Maybe I 
> misunderstood something.

Probably.

> Ok, put my image to the RAW partiton and executed usbboot again. Still 
> the same problem like above...

I think you must be doing something wrong.

Which exact commands did you use to  put  the  image  into  the  boot
partition?

> Copied the image into RAM with usb read (hope it is correct) and then 
> bootm. That works.

usbboot is nothing else but a  clever  version  of  usb  read  (which
auto-determines the number of blocks to read).

> Perhaps I find out how to solve that.

If you just posted the exact commands you use,  and  the  output  you
get, I had a much better chance to help you.


Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
Software Engineering:  Embedded and Realtime Systems,  Embedded Linux
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
"The number  of  Unix  installations  has  grown  to  10,  with  more
expected."    - The Unix Programmer's Manual, 2nd Edition, June, 1972

[U-Boot-Users] booting from USB

[Jonas Dietsche]

 > I think you must be doing something wrong.

Probably...

 >
 > Which exact commands did you use to  put  the  image  into  the  boot
 > partition?

dd if=/tftpboot/uImage of=/dev/sda1
2234+1 records in
2234+1 records out
1144016 bytes transferred in 0.585176 seconds (1954995 bytes/sec)

A9M9750 # usb reset
(Re)start USB...
USB:   scanning bus for devices... 2 USB Devices found
A9M9750 # usb scan
Scan for storage device:
        scanning bus for storage devices...
   Device 0: Vendor: USB 2.0  Prod.: Mobile Disk      Rev: 2.00
             Type: Removable Hard Disk
             Capacity: 125.0 MB = 0.1 GB (256000 x 512)

A9M9750 # usbboot 10000 0:1

Loading from USB device 0, partition 1: Name: usbda1
   Type: U-Boot
First Block: 32,  # of blocks: 10208, Block Size: 512

** Bad Magic Number **

And with usb read it looks like:

A9M9750 #  usb read 10000 20 8BB

USB read: device 0 block # 32, count 2235 ... 
...............................................................................................................
2235 blocks read: OK
A9M9750 # bootm
## Booting image at 00010000 ...
    Image Name:   Linux-2.6.10-fs1
    Created:      2005-02-02  13:23:01 UTC
    Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
    Data Size:    1144056 Bytes =  1.1 MB
    Load Address: 00008000
    Entry Point:  00008000
    Verifying Checksum ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...


Regards,
Jonas