[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[robert lazarski]

Hi all,

I'm trying to track down problems loading a linux kernel on my custom
8548 board off of 1.3RC3 - it loads sometimes via a ramdisk and gives
me a bash shell - but most times it crashes in unusual, different
places.

I ram mtest in the monitor and it crashes at 00000a90 . When using mw I get:

=> mw 00000a90 cafecafe
NIP: CAFECAFC XER: 00000000 LR: 1FFC109C REGS: 1ff9dc40 TRAP: 0700 DAR: 00000000
MSR: 00001000 EE: 0 PR: 0 FP: 0 ME: 1 IR/DR: 00

GPR00: 1FFD9C44 1FF9DD30 00000200 1FF9DD40 00000338 00000018 1FFEA258 1FFEA308
GPR08: 1FFEA2F0 1FF9E00C 00000C01 1FFA03F0 1FFEA250 00000000 1FFEFB00 20040000
GPR16: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001000 1FF9DD30 00000000 1FFC109C
GPR24: CAFECAFE 1FFEA244 00000339 1FFE71B8 00000049 1FF9DF80 1FFF0860 00000338
** Illegal Instruction **
Call backtrace:
00000000 1FFD6C80 1FFD74CC 1FFDB6A8 1FFDC0A4 1FFDC6D0 1FFD0AE0
1FFC8294 1FFC161C

I can write to  00000a90 via the bdi . u-boot otherwise runs
perfectly. Any ideas?
Robert

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[Jerry Van Baren]

robert lazarski wrote:
> Hi all,
> 
> I'm trying to track down problems loading a linux kernel on my custom
> 8548 board off of 1.3RC3 - it loads sometimes via a ramdisk and gives
> me a bash shell - but most times it crashes in unusual, different
> places.
> 
> I ram mtest in the monitor and it crashes at 00000a90 . When using mw I get:
> 
> => mw 00000a90 cafecafe
> NIP: CAFECAFC XER: 00000000 LR: 1FFC109C REGS: 1ff9dc40 TRAP: 0700 DAR: 00000000
> MSR: 00001000 EE: 0 PR: 0 FP: 0 ME: 1 IR/DR: 00
> 
> GPR00: 1FFD9C44 1FF9DD30 00000200 1FF9DD40 00000338 00000018 1FFEA258 1FFEA308
> GPR08: 1FFEA2F0 1FF9E00C 00000C01 1FFA03F0 1FFEA250 00000000 1FFEFB00 20040000
> GPR16: 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00001000 1FF9DD30 00000000 1FFC109C
> GPR24: CAFECAFE 1FFEA244 00000339 1FFE71B8 00000049 1FF9DF80 1FFF0860 00000338
> ** Illegal Instruction **
> Call backtrace:
> 00000000 1FFD6C80 1FFD74CC 1FFDB6A8 1FFDC0A4 1FFDC6D0 1FFD0AE0
> 1FFC8294 1FFC161C
> 
> I can write to  00000a90 via the bdi . u-boot otherwise runs
> perfectly. Any ideas?
> Robert

98% probability you have a SDRAM configuration problem.  2% probability 
you have a hardware problem.  I'm rooting for SDRAM config problem, you 
probably should too. ;-)
   <http://www.denx.de/wiki/view/DULG/UBootCrashAfterRelocation>

Writing to location 0x0A90 doesn't sound like a good idea to me.  I'm 
not familiar with the 8548, but this is in the middle of the exception 
vectors.  You are probably overwriting exception handling code (check 
your 85xx UM), so that would be an invalid test (red herring).

gvb

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[robert lazarski]

On Nov 20, 2007 9:54 AM, Jerry Van Baren <gerald.vanbaren@ge.com> wrote:
>
> robert lazarski wrote:
> > Hi all,
> >
> > I'm trying to track down problems loading a linux kernel on my custom
> > 8548 board off of 1.3RC3 - it loads sometimes via a ramdisk and gives
> > me a bash shell - but most times it crashes in unusual, different
> > places.
> >
> > I ram mtest in the monitor and it crashes at 00000a90 . When using mw I get:
> >
> > => mw 00000a90 cafecafe
> > NIP: CAFECAFC XER: 00000000 LR: 1FFC109C REGS: 1ff9dc40 TRAP: 0700 DAR: 00000000
<snip>
> >
> > I can write to  00000a90 via the bdi . u-boot otherwise runs
> > perfectly. Any ideas?
> > Robert
>
> 98% probability you have a SDRAM configuration problem.  2% probability
> you have a hardware problem.  I'm rooting for SDRAM config problem, you
> probably should too. ;-)
>    <http://www.denx.de/wiki/view/DULG/UBootCrashAfterRelocation>
>
> Writing to location 0x0A90 doesn't sound like a good idea to me.  I'm
> not familiar with the 8548, but this is in the middle of the exception
> vectors.  You are probably overwriting exception handling code (check
> your 85xx UM), so that would be an invalid test (red herring).
>
> gvb
>

Ahh, seems my test is invalid - thanks for pointing that out. I
defined and ran my boards testram() succesfully when I brought the
board up - that seems to write to 0x0A90 et all when its safe to do
so. I'll try again but its a long test.

I see no problems with u-boot - relocation seems to work. The link
suggested following my memory specs "to the letter" . So far I'm just
calling spd_sdram() like most 85xx boards do - should I look there?
Since my kernel boots sometimes into bash, but usually doesn't, I'm
trying to confirm my memory is functioning. When the kernel fails to
boot the eldk 85xx uRamdisk, its crashes at several different places
before it loads the RFS. A few times everything just worked fine,
which makes me think its a hardware issue. Any suggestions to tracking
that type of problem down?

Thanks, Robert

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[Jerry Van Baren]

robert lazarski wrote:
> On Nov 20, 2007 9:54 AM, Jerry Van Baren <gerald.vanbaren@ge.com> wrote:
>> robert lazarski wrote:
>>> Hi all,
>>>
>>> I'm trying to track down problems loading a linux kernel on my custom
>>> 8548 board off of 1.3RC3 - it loads sometimes via a ramdisk and gives
>>> me a bash shell - but most times it crashes in unusual, different
>>> places.
>>>
>>> I ram mtest in the monitor and it crashes at 00000a90 . When using mw I get:
>>>
>>> => mw 00000a90 cafecafe
>>> NIP: CAFECAFC XER: 00000000 LR: 1FFC109C REGS: 1ff9dc40 TRAP: 0700 DAR: 00000000
> <snip>
>>> I can write to  00000a90 via the bdi . u-boot otherwise runs
>>> perfectly. Any ideas?
>>> Robert
>> 98% probability you have a SDRAM configuration problem.  2% probability
>> you have a hardware problem.  I'm rooting for SDRAM config problem, you
>> probably should too. ;-)
>>    <http://www.denx.de/wiki/view/DULG/UBootCrashAfterRelocation>
>>
>> Writing to location 0x0A90 doesn't sound like a good idea to me.  I'm
>> not familiar with the 8548, but this is in the middle of the exception
>> vectors.  You are probably overwriting exception handling code (check
>> your 85xx UM), so that would be an invalid test (red herring).
>>
>> gvb
>>
> 
> Ahh, seems my test is invalid - thanks for pointing that out. I
> defined and ran my boards testram() succesfully when I brought the
> board up - that seems to write to 0x0A90 et all when its safe to do
> so. I'll try again but its a long test.
> 
> I see no problems with u-boot - relocation seems to work. The link
> suggested following my memory specs "to the letter" . So far I'm just
> calling spd_sdram() like most 85xx boards do - should I look there?
> Since my kernel boots sometimes into bash, but usually doesn't, I'm
> trying to confirm my memory is functioning. When the kernel fails to
> boot the eldk 85xx uRamdisk, its crashes at several different places
> before it loads the RFS. A few times everything just worked fine,
> which makes me think its a hardware issue. Any suggestions to tracking
> that type of problem down?
> 
> Thanks, Robert

Hi Robert,

The configuration SDRAM problems typically show up when cache is enabled 
because that is when the pipelining really becomes active and config 
errors show up.  There isn't a good way to debug this that I'm aware of, 
other than reading the users manuals/data sheets repeatedly (!!!) and 
working out the numbers (painfully!).  My recollection of SPD is that 
mapping SPD values to SDRAM controller configuration is not nearly as 
straight forward as you would expect.

You could try different memory sticks to see if a different manufacturer 
and/or speed rating stops the crashing.

You could also try running caching disabled (start with both data and 
instruction disabled, then the other 3 combinations) - it slows the boot 
down substantially, but if it runs, it is an indication that you likely 
have a configuration problem.

WRT hardware problems, probably you can dial back the speed of your bus. 
  If disabling caching doesn't fix the problem but dialing back the 
speed does, it would indicate a hardware problem.

For hardware problems, I would suspect trace problems: perhaps the 
traces are not acceptably close to equal length (outside of the spec) or 
if they are routed poorly (through a noisy part of the board).  Looking 
at the layout may show up something.  I've seen poor routing cause 
problems that were "solved" by slowing down the bus.

Good luck,
gvb

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[robert lazarski]

On Nov 20, 2007 12:47 PM, Jerry Van Baren <gerald.vanbaren@ge.com> wrote:
>
> Hi Robert,
>
> The configuration SDRAM problems typically show up when cache is enabled
> because that is when the pipelining really becomes active and config
> errors show up.  There isn't a good way to debug this that I'm aware of,
> other than reading the users manuals/data sheets repeatedly (!!!) and
> working out the numbers (painfully!).  My recollection of SPD is that
> mapping SPD values to SDRAM controller configuration is not nearly as
> straight forward as you would expect.
>
> You could try different memory sticks to see if a different manufacturer
> and/or speed rating stops the crashing.

Good idea, any DDR2 manufacturer known to work well? We've gotten this
far with kingston.

>
> You could also try running caching disabled (start with both data and
> instruction disabled, then the other 3 combinations) - it slows the boot
> down substantially, but if it runs, it is an indication that you likely
> have a configuration problem.

The monitor no longer seems to have the icache and dcache commands. I
tried this in my board config but it seemed to have no effect:

#undef CONFIG_CMD_CACHE

cpu/mpc85xx/cpu.c has this but it didn't seem clear to me how to disable it:

141
142         puts("L1:    D-cache 32 kB enabled\n       I-cache 32 kB
enabled\n");
143

Is disabling i-cache and d-cache valid in u-boot for 85xx? How do I do that?

>
> WRT hardware problems, probably you can dial back the speed of your bus.
>   If disabling caching doesn't fix the problem but dialing back the
> speed does, it would indicate a hardware problem.
>
> For hardware problems, I would suspect trace problems: perhaps the
> traces are not acceptably close to equal length (outside of the spec) or
> if they are routed poorly (through a noisy part of the board).  Looking
> at the layout may show up something.  I've seen poor routing cause
> problems that were "solved" by slowing down the bus.
>

We are looking in to this, thanks,
Robert

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[robert lazarski]

On Nov 20, 2007 12:47 PM, Jerry Van Baren <gerald.vanbaren@ge.com> wrote:
>
> robert lazarski wrote:
> > On Nov 20, 2007 9:54 AM, Jerry Van Baren <gerald.vanbaren@ge.com> wrote:
> >> robert lazarski wrote:
> >>> Hi all,
> >>>
> >>> I'm trying to track down problems loading a linux kernel on my custom
> >>> 8548 board off of 1.3RC3 - it loads sometimes via a ramdisk and gives
> >>> me a bash shell - but most times it crashes in unusual, different
> >>> places.
> >>>
>
> You could also try running caching disabled (start with both data and
> instruction disabled, then the other 3 combinations) - it slows the boot
> down substantially, but if it runs, it is an indication that you likely
> have a configuration problem.
>

Instruction cache disabled fixes the problem, thanks!!! I called
icache_disable() right before spd_sdram () . What does this mean? What
configuration do you think could be wrong, spd ?

Incidently, I couldn't call icache_disable() and get it to return
before or after spd_sdram ().

Robert

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[Jerry Van Baren]

robert lazarski wrote:
> On Nov 20, 2007 12:47 PM, Jerry Van Baren <gerald.vanbaren@ge.com> wrote:
>> robert lazarski wrote:
>>> On Nov 20, 2007 9:54 AM, Jerry Van Baren <gerald.vanbaren@ge.com> wrote:
>>>> robert lazarski wrote:
>>>>> Hi all,
>>>>>
>>>>> I'm trying to track down problems loading a linux kernel on my custom
>>>>> 8548 board off of 1.3RC3 - it loads sometimes via a ramdisk and gives
>>>>> me a bash shell - but most times it crashes in unusual, different
>>>>> places.
>>>>>
>> You could also try running caching disabled (start with both data and
>> instruction disabled, then the other 3 combinations) - it slows the boot
>> down substantially, but if it runs, it is an indication that you likely
>> have a configuration problem.
>>
> 
> Instruction cache disabled fixes the problem, thanks!!! I called
> icache_disable() right before spd_sdram () . What does this mean? What
> configuration do you think could be wrong, spd ?

EXCELLENT!
The good news: you just won the hardware lottery.  :-)
The bad news:  you lost the "read the manual" lottery.  :-/

Something is wrong with your SDRAM initialization.  There is no way I 
can give any useful advice other than read the user's manuals for both 
the SDRAM and the processor SDRAM configuration.

Note that there is a u-boot i2c sdram command will dump the SDRAM SDP 
configuration which often is helpful (you need to define CONFIG_CMD_SDRAM).
<http://www.denx.de/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=u-boot.git;a=blob;f=common/cmd_i2c.c;h=a684a580e6edc24f54f057ad0a93de8d40659d95;hb=HEAD#l657>

Your Kingston memory sticks should be good (they are a reputable 
outfit).  My suggestion of trying different speed grades and different 
suppliers is that you may get lucky and find one that works.  This helps 
in two ways: 1) It gets your manager/customer off your back because you 
can show him *something* that works and 2) the difference between the 
working ones and "broken" ones may help point out where the brokenness lies.

What likely is happening is that the SDRAM is being configured with one 
set of clocking criteria and the processor is being configured with a 
slightly different set.  The way SDRAM works (in an ideal world) is that 
the processor launches an address, the SDRAM goes and finds that address 
internally, and some time later they get back together to exchange the 
data (read/write).  While the first address is being looked up, the 
processor can launch another address or complete a previous r/w 
operation (or open pages or close pages or do refreshes or...).  There 
actually can be a lot of operations "in flight" at any given time 
(possibly in the double digits).  In a misconfigured world, the SDRAM 
and the processor don't get back together on the *exact same* clock 
cycle and things go crash.

The key is that the SDRAM and the processor are independently but 
*S*ynchronously running identically configured, very complex, state 
machines which track addresses, commands, and data.

The problem generally is that the processor and the SDRAM state machines 
are *not* identically configured, somewhere there are different clock 
cycle value(s) in their respective state machines.  Figuratively 
speaking, one is doing the Zamba and the other is doing the Samba. 
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba>  As a result, instead of dancing 
with the stars, the one steps on his partner's toes and they both fall down.

The cache disable test is leveraging on the fact that, when caching is 
disabled, the processor (tends to?) launches only one address at a time 
and waits for the result before going on to the next address.  This 
"papers over" the SDRAM configuration error.

> Incidently, I couldn't call icache_disable() and get it to return
> before or after spd_sdram ().
> 
> Robert

HTH & good luck,
gvb

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[David Hawkins]

Hi Robert,

> The bad news:  you lost the "read the manual" lottery.  :-/
> 
> [snip]
>
> The cache disable test is leveraging on the fact that, when caching is 
> disabled, the processor (tends to?) launches only one address at a time 
> and waits for the result before going on to the next address.  This 
> "papers over" the SDRAM configuration error.

If you want to probe the board for single-cycle accesses
versus burst-accesses without triggering a crash due to CPU
cache issues, I'd suggest reading the user-manual section on
the DMA controller.

You should be able to DMA a block of data from say internal
SRAM, or a device, or the local bus, to the DDR memory,
or from DDR to another location.

Were you involved with the board layout? Was a DDR voltage simulation
and timing simulation performed? In my MPC8349E design, I'm using
DDR1 SDRAM soldered to the board. The voltage and timing simulations
show that I could eliminate the VTT termination regulator due to
the short transmission lines, i.e., the ringing of the non-terminated
transmission lines was not sufficient to violate any 'rules'.
However, I will have to use a specific MPC driver output impedance,
specific source termination resistor values, and I will have to
configure the DDR1 memory for half-strength drivers. So although I
copied a lot of stuff off the MPC8349EA-MDS-PB reference board,
I will need to sit down for a few days, when I get the boards,
and get all the memory configuration correct.

Its this subtle information you require before you can have any
confidence your memory interface is working correctly. Actually,
its the simulation info you need before you even build your board
to know that its possible to get your memory interface working
correctly!

Since you are using DDR DIMMs, you have less variables. When I was
routing the DDR on the board, I looked at Micron's site and they
have DIMM design PCBs. I imagine that most DDR DIMMs either use
these PCB designs directly, or are virtually identical.
Kingston memory is pretty good, I've used it and had no problems
in desktop machines.

If your design uses DDR2, then it has on-chip terminations, so the
board design/layout would have been a little simpler than DDR1.
I used DDR1 since it uses 2.5V and I needed that voltage elsewhere.
However, all the traces on the board would have required careful
length matching to operate at DDR speeds of 333MHz+.

What clock frequency are you trying to run the DDR at for your
tests? If you back-off to a slower clock frequency, you open
up the setup/hold windows and provide yourself a little more
timing margin. The MPC8349E has a delay register for launching
address/controls at various delays, so you could try that same
control on your processor to adjust the address/control timing
too.

Although, given that your issue is related to bursting, I'd be
more suspicious of data bus waveforms or the timing of the burst
data. A scope or DDR2 DIMM logic analyzer probe would be useful.

For probing data, you'll want to look at the timing of the
DQ signals relative to the DQS (strobe) signal, and DM (mask).
Those are the DDR1 names, I think DDR2 is the same, but the
DQS signals can be differential.

Cheers,
Dave

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[Wolfgang Denk]

In message <4744757E.60604@ge.com> you wrote:
> 
> The good news: you just won the hardware lottery.  :-)

I think it's too earlyu for such a  statement.  Ther  emay  still  be
layout  issues oin the board which get only triggered by the specific
access patterns in burst mode. I've seen such cases more than once.

There are a lot of things you can forget or do wrong, especially with
DDR or higher speeds.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
O Staat!   Wie tief dir alle Besten fluchen!  Du bist kein Ziel.  Der
Mensch mu? weiter suchen.                     - Christian Morgenstern

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[Wolfgang Denk]

Dear Robert,

in message <f87675ee0711210922r4917e03ep8efb25d046f3c0ed@mail.gmail.com> you wrote:
>
> Instruction cache disabled fixes the problem, thanks!!! I called
> icache_disable() right before spd_sdram () . What does this mean? What
> configuration do you think could be wrong, spd ?

It is a 99.9999% reliable indication that the FAQ
http://www.denx.de/wiki/view/DULG/UBootCrashAfterRelocation applies to
your situation.

Your RAM is not working reliably when being accessed in  burst  mode.
The cause for this may be anything - from bugs in your port of U-Boot
to bad memory modules or board layout issues.

Best regards,

Wolfgang Denk

-- 
DENX Software Engineering GmbH,     MD: Wolfgang Denk & Detlev Zundel
HRB 165235 Munich, Office: Kirchenstr.5, D-82194 Groebenzell, Germany
Phone: (+49)-8142-66989-10 Fax: (+49)-8142-66989-80 Email: wd at denx.de
"More software projects have gone awry for lack of calendar time than
for all other causes combined."
                         - Fred Brooks, Jr., _The Mythical Man Month_

[U-Boot-Users] Problems writing to memory with mw

[Clemens Koller]

robert lazarski schrieb:
> I see no problems with u-boot - relocation seems to work. The link
> suggested following my memory specs "to the letter" . So far I'm just
> calling spd_sdram() like most 85xx boards do - should I look there?
> Since my kernel boots sometimes into bash, but usually doesn't, I'm
> trying to confirm my memory is functioning. When the kernel fails to
> boot the eldk 85xx uRamdisk, its crashes at several different places
> before it loads the RFS. A few times everything just worked fine,
> which makes me think its a hardware issue. Any suggestions to tracking
> that type of problem down?

If you suspect hardware problems or critical timing, you could
propably (additional to Jerry's ideas) vary voltages as well
as the temperature of your board. If you see any correlation
to the number of crashes you will have a hardware problem for sure.

I've had a problem with some flash memory on a broken 8548 board
last week which was working more reliable on higher
temperatures... @:-]

Regards,
-- 
Clemens Koller
_______________________________
R&D Imaging Devices
Anagramm GmbH
Rupert-Mayer-Str. 45/1
81379 Muenchen
Germany

http://www.anagramm-technology.com
Phone: +49-89-741518-50
Fax: +49-89-741518-19