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Sun, 6 Sep 2026 14:20:29 +0000 (UTC) Received: from [127.0.0.1] (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by localhost (Mailerdaemon) with ESMTPSA id 740AC11C79850; Sun, 6 Sep 2026 16:20:21 +0200 (CEST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=rootcommit.com; s=dkim; t=1788704425; h=from:subject:date:message-id:to:cc:mime-version:content-type: content-transfer-encoding:content-language:in-reply-to:references:autocrypt; bh=n0XdUZfmi8E4Y7fvVKVnCIjytdWEdNog6K2me0O8+Fo=; b=Pyz7lXwZgOMWdUmeejfxXkn3viSsNwYI8ZotCQhGOqZx7/G7JjmqWW0zNWEtPuBXOdrQwt hJ8TNqppEAVh1dJo+gkWl3vDQ1pxzzh3zjSVYIcKzlrCC3oSyLESMguKrecLYtbKmvD3Ar XD8fKi+bSE+JxTirD4CzSFgAP3lDxAlS1mKgnYKmuaos+dH3ie1Ao2jWJbv2T71wIniR8a mbvFd61xWYscXP+s9pb36xf/s2aN71j5sL6HyohOj3NL6GaaHYAzyRShQY6jOWoYyrMFwj 0V0LsulcPjmPvK26p9AfbzMPx+Dnk19k5c3+GNkoz28Gu+hiAq2wVCChZgNJJA== Message-ID: <9c92963c-4a46-4052-ad3c-d9a4852b818e@rootcommit.com> Date: Sun, 6 Sep 2026 16:20:20 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla Thunderbird From: Michael Opdenacker Subject: Re: [QUESTION] SpacemiT K1: Incorrect RAM detection with unpopulated CS1 To: Alper Ak Cc: michael.opdenacker@rootcommit.com, me@per1cycle.org, ycliang@andestech.com, u-boot@lists.u-boot-project.org, Marcel Ziswiler , Trevor Gamblin References: Content-Language: en-US In-Reply-To: Autocrypt: addr=michael.opdenacker@rootcommit.com; keydata= xjMEagLVOhYJKwYBBAHaRw8BAQdApKjypQYDpk7gc2tKU7srAaN/v2wqp3zsRtrICl5tMarN Nk1pY2hhZWwgT3BkZW5hY2tlciA8bWljaGFlbC5vcGRlbmFja2VyQHJvb3Rjb21taXQuY29t PsKQBBMWCgA4FiEEHltE0IOQ91GyZqTazXRqZ2jNCaAFAmoC1ToCGwMFCwkIBwIGFQoJCAsC BBYCAwECHgECF4AACgkQzXRqZ2jNCaAK/QD/fCa/2kPEcJYpt3XjoXUFC40rV5p92/Mn/CcV cDDLTNcA/19zgdNIKAqVOaJAcLwhBjCCIZJfAQ80CuPOdGRR5NMGzjgEagLVOhIKKwYBBAGX VQEFAQEHQCujvLLf/3B2yAjCRJWU9BUta58RTcZ9ZYYxzsOBj5FmAwEIB8J4BBgWCgAgFiEE HltE0IOQ91GyZqTazXRqZ2jNCaAFAmoC1ToCGwwACgkQzXRqZ2jNCaAWEgD/SY55n6h+sq1u /Kdbsd4z+uOz2+0Z9V0HtrYLdfgdBTIA/0nuXShti770G4hZDQD52XLANSdPbO7hbwmpNKHm y3UE Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Last-TLS-Session-Version: TLSv1.3 X-BeenThere: u-boot@lists.u-boot-project.org X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.30 Precedence: list List-Id: U-Boot discussion List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , Errors-To: u-boot-bounces@lists.u-boot-project.org Greetings, I'm reviving this thread as the issue Alper reported in December is still there... On 12/22/25 1:32 PM, Alper Ak wrote: > Hi, > > I'm working on Orange Pi RV2 board which uses the SpacemiT K1 SoC. I'm > currently using the bananapi-f3_defconfig as a base since there is no > mainline support for Orange Pi RV2 yet. > > The Problem is U-Boot reports 4GB RAM on my 2GB board. I think the CS1 > register shows enabled with valid density even when no physical RAM is > populated. This causes U-Boot to report double the actual RAM. Also, > If I don't set "mem=2G" in the kernel command line, it causes a kernel > panic. > > I'm sharing U-Boot, bdinfo and DDR register dump output: > > U-Boot 2026.01-rc4 (Dec 10 2025 - 15:28:43 +0000) > > DRAM: 4 GiB > Core: 21 devices, 9 uclasses, devicetree: separate > Loading Environment from nowhere... OK > In: serial@d4017000 > Out: serial@d4017000 > Err: serial@d4017000 > Net: No ethernet found. > Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0 > > => bdinfo > boot_params = 0x0000000000000000 > DRAM bank = 0x0000000000000000 > -> start = 0x0000000000000000 > -> size = 0x0000000080000000 > DRAM bank = 0x0000000000000001 > -> start = 0x0000000100000000 > -> size = 0x0000000080000000 > flashstart = 0x0000000000000000 > flashsize = 0x0000000000000000 > flashoffset = 0x0000000000000000 > baudrate = 115200 bps > relocaddr = 0x000000007ff81000 > reloc off = 0x000000007fd81000 > Build = 64-bit > current eth = unknown > eth-1addr = (not set) > IP addr = > fdt_blob = 0x000000007ef5ed20 > lmb_dump_all: > memory.count = 0x2 > memory[0] [0x0-0x7fffffff], 0x80000000 bytes, flags: none > memory[1] [0x100000000-0x17fffffff], 0x80000000 bytes, flags: none > reserved.count = 0x4 > reserved[0] [0x0-0x7ffff], 0x80000 bytes, flags: no-map > reserved[1] [0x7df5b000-0x7df5dfff], 0x3000 bytes, flags: no-notify, > no-overwrite > reserved[2] [0x7df5ed10-0x7fffffff], 0x20a12f0 bytes, flags: no-overwrite > reserved[3] [0x100000000-0x17fffffff], 0x80000000 bytes, flags: no-overwrite > devicetree = separate > serial addr = 0x00000000d4017000 > width = 0x0000000000000004 > shift = 0x0000000000000002 > offset = 0x0000000000000000 > clock = 0x0000000000e2b328 > boot hart = 0x0000000000000000 > firmware fdt= 0x0000000000279b18 > > => md.l 0xC0000200 1 > c0000200: 000f0001 .... > => md.l 0xC0000208 1 > c0000208: 800f0001 .... > > > I think this seems to be board independent and appears to originate > from the code at "arch/riscv/cpu/k1/dram.c". I have the same problem on my OrangePi R2S board with 2 Go of RAM. U-Boot believes my board has 4 GB of RAM. It seems most K1 boards should be impacted! This seems to happen because the code in arch/riscv/cpu/k1/dram.c unconditionally adds the value read from CS1, even if CS1 is unpopulated: phys_size_t ddr_get_density(void) {     phys_size_t cs0_size = ddr_map_size(readl((void *)DDR_BASE + 0x200));     phys_size_t cs1_size = ddr_map_size(readl((void *)DDR_BASE + 0x208));     phys_size_t ddr_size = cs0_size + cs1_size;     return ddr_size; } Looking at the corresponding vendor U-Boot code [1], this is conditional indeed:     cs0_size = map_format_size(readl((void*)0xc0000000 + 0x200));     if (ddr_cs_num > 1) {         cs1_size = map_format_size(readl((void*)0xc0000000 + 0x208));     }     ddr_size = cs0_size + cs1_size; However, if you add such code and set ddr_cs_num to 1, this works well with my 2 GB Orange Pi R2S board, but breaks my Orange Pi RV2 with 8 GB (U-Boot seeing 4 GB instead of 8 GB). How should we address this issue in a clean way? Note that I've done my tests loading mainline U-Boot from FSBL.bin built from the vendor U-Boot code. Thanks in advance for your insights. Michael. [1] https://github.com/orangepi-xunlong/u-boot-orangepi.git, branch v2022.10-ky -- Michael Opdenacker, Root Commit Embedded Linux Training and Consulting. Yocto Ambassador. https://rootcommit.com